Manufacturing method of membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell

Abstract

A method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for an eco-friendly fuel cell is disclosed. A method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present invention may include the steps of: providing a membrane-electrode body comprising a polymer electrolyte membrane, a first electrode formed on one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane, and a second electrode formed on the other surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane; providing a first sub-gasket on the one surface and providing a second sub-gasket on the other surface; and bonding the first sub-gasket to the one surface and bonding the second sub-gasket to the other surface.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for an eco-friendly fuel cell, and more specifically, to press-air bonding first and second sub-gaskets onto a membrane-electrode assembly composed of a polymer electrolyte membrane, a first electrode, and a second electrode, thereby manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly comprising a polymer electrolyte membrane, a first electrode, a second electrode, a first sub-gasket, and a second sub-gasket in a single process. Background Technology

[0002] A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion / generation device that produces electric current by utilizing electrons generated during the electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen and hydrogen-containing substances used as fuel. Fuel cells have many advantages, including high efficiency because they directly convert the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy, and the fact that they are a pollution-free energy source that does not cause environmental pollution.

[0003] The types of these fuel cells are as follows. Specifically, there are various types of fuel cells, including molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC), polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC), direct carbon fuel cells (DCFC), and phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC).

[0004] Among these, polymer electrolyte fuel cells have the advantages of low operating temperature, high energy conversion efficiency and power density, and fast response characteristics, so they are being developed particularly as power units for automobiles.

[0005] The basic principle of a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is as follows. First, fuel (hydrogen) and air (oxygen) are introduced into the fuel electrode and air electrode, respectively, where catalysts are formed. The hydrogen entering the fuel electrode is oxidized on the surface of the platinum catalyst to produce protons and electrons. The protons pass through the polymer electrolyte membrane and meet with oxygen at the air electrode to form water, while the generated electrons produce electrical energy through an external circuit.

[0006] Meanwhile, as the membrane-electrode assembly functions as a core component of the fuel cell, it was necessary to simplify the manufacturing process for it. Prior art literature

[0007] Republic of Korea Published Patent Application No. 10-2012-0050710 The problem to be solved

[0008] The present invention is intended to solve the aforementioned problem, and the problem to be solved by the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for an eco-friendly fuel cell.

[0009] More specifically, the manufacture of a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell consists of a two-stage process of forming a membrane-electrode body by patterning first and second electrodes on a polymer electrolyte membrane through a transfer process, and bonding a sub-gasket on the membrane-electrode body.

[0010] Although each process is a similar method of joining by applying heat and pressure, when joining two components, the electrode and the sub-gasket, at the same time, there is a problem in that they cannot be joined at once with the same press due to the step difference caused by the thickness difference between the electrode and the sub-gasket.

[0011] Unlike flat plate or roll press methods, which apply pressure only to the thickest part even when there are step differences due to varying material thicknesses, the air pressurization method has the advantage of applying the same pressure across all areas of different thicknesses, allowing the electrode and sub-gasket to be joined in a single process.

[0012] The air-based heating method can overcome the disadvantage of temperature variations that occur because heat is applied only from the top or bottom, as in conventional flat plates or roll presses.

[0013] As a result, the method of bonding by pressurizing and heating air has the advantage of improving the quality of the manufactured membrane-electrode assembly because the same pressure and temperature are applied to all bonding areas, and reducing process costs and operating costs because it can be manufactured in a single process. means of solving the problem

[0014] A method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for an eco-friendly fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention for solving the above technical problem may include the steps of: providing a membrane-electrode assembly comprising a polymer electrolyte membrane, a first electrode formed on one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane, and a second electrode formed on the other surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane; providing a first sub-gasket on the one surface and providing a second sub-gasket on the other surface; and bonding the first sub-gasket to the one surface and bonding the second sub-gasket to the other surface.

[0015] The step of joining the first and second sub-gaskets can be performed by applying press-air to the first and second sub-gaskets.

[0016] The pressure of the above press-air is 10 to 50 MPa.

[0017] The joining of the first and second sub-gaskets can be performed in a temperature atmosphere of 70 to 150°C.

[0018] The joining of the first and second sub-gaskets can be performed for 1 to 20 minutes.

[0019] A portion of the first sub-gasket overlapping with the first electrode is perforated so that the first electrode is exposed to the outside.

[0020] A portion of the second sub-gasket overlapping with the second electrode is perforated so that the second electrode is exposed to the outside.

[0021] The first and second sub-gaskets above may be formed of polyethylene (PE) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN).

[0022] The above polymer electrolyte membrane is any one selected from the group consisting of perfluorosulfonic acid polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, hydrocarbon polymer, polyimide, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polyphosphazine, polyethylene naphthalate, polyester, polyetherketone, and polysulfone.

[0023] The first electrode and the second electrode comprise a support and a metal catalyst supported on the support.

[0024] The above metal catalyst is any one selected from platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), and chromium (Cr), or an alloy thereof.

[0025] A membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell manufactured by the above manufacturing method is provided. Effects of the invention

[0026] According to the present invention, a method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for an eco-friendly fuel cell is provided. That is, by manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly by pressurizing and heating air to bond it, the same pressure and temperature are applied to all bonding areas, thereby improving the quality of the manufactured membrane-electrode assembly, and since it can be manufactured in a single process, process costs and operating costs can be reduced.

[0027] The effects of the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other effects of the invention can be clearly understood from the description in the claims. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0028] FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figures 2 and 3 are intended to explain the manufacturing process of a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0029] The advantages and features of the present invention and the methods for achieving them will become clear by referring to the embodiments described below in detail together with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below but may be implemented in various different forms. These embodiments are provided merely to ensure that the disclosure of the present invention is complete and to fully inform those skilled in the art of the scope of the invention, and the present invention is defined only by the scope of the claims. Specific details for implementing the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. Regardless of the drawings, identical reference numerals refer to identical components, and "and / or" includes each of the mentioned items and all combinations of one or more.

[0030] The terms used herein are for describing the embodiments and are not intended to limit the invention. In this specification, the singular form includes the plural form unless specifically stated otherwise in the text. As used herein, "comprises" and / or "comprising" do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other components in addition to the components mentioned.

[0031] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used in this specification (including technical and scientific terms) may be used in a meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Additionally, terms defined in commonly used dictionaries are not to be interpreted ideally or excessively unless explicitly and specifically defined otherwise.

[0032] Hereinafter, a method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described.

[0033] FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are for explaining the manufacturing process of a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell.

[0034] Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, a method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present invention may include the step (S10) of providing a membrane-electrode assembly comprising a polymer electrolyte membrane, a first electrode formed on one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane, and a second electrode formed on the other surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane; the step (S20) of providing a first sub-gasket on the one surface and providing a second sub-gasket on the other surface; and the step (S30) of bonding the first sub-gasket to the one surface and bonding the second sub-gasket to the other surface.

[0035] First, a membrane-electrode body is provided comprising a polymer electrolyte membrane, a first electrode formed on one side of the polymer electrolyte membrane, and a second electrode formed on the other side of the polymer electrolyte membrane (S10).

[0036] The membrane electrode (100) is a polymer electrolyte membrane (10) fuel cell, which is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It can utilize energy with high efficiency compared to conventional internal combustion engines and is a clean energy source that does not emit environmental pollutants such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides during the energy conversion process.

[0037] In the case of a fuel cell, gaseous fuel such as hydrogen is supplied to the anode and air fuel such as oxygen is supplied to the cathode. During the oxidation of hydrogen at the anode, electrons are emitted through an external circuit connected to the fuel cell. During the reduction of oxygen using the electrons emitted at the cathode, ions generated are transferred through a polymer electrolyte membrane existing between the anode and the cathode, thereby producing electrical energy. For convenience of explanation, the anode is referred to as the first electrode (11) and the cathode as the second electrode (12), but it is understood that the cathode can be the first electrode (11) and the anode as the second electrode (12).

[0038] Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells offer advantages such as low operating temperatures, high performance, rapid operation, and the ability to produce various outputs, making them suitable for use as energy sources for portable devices, vehicles, and power generation. As previously discussed, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells consist of polymer membranes that serve as the anode, cathode, and electrolyte.

[0039] Meanwhile, the polymer electrolyte membrane (10) can be formed from a polymer material. The polymer electrolyte membrane (10) can be formed from any one selected from the group consisting of perfluorosulfonic acid polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, hydrocarbon-based polymer, polyimide, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polyphosphazine, polyethylene naphthalate, polyester, polyetherketone, and polysulfone.

[0040] Meanwhile, the first electrode (11) and the second electrode (12) may include a support (not shown) and a metal catalyst (not shown) supported on the support. Electricity can be generated at the first electrode (11) and the second electrode (12) through the oxidation and reduction of fuel gas.

[0041] Here, the support material may be carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotube, graphene, fullerene, ceramic oxide, etc.

[0042] The metal catalyst may be any one selected from platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), and chromium (Cr), or an alloy thereof. Supported on a support

[0043] The average particle size of the metal catalyst particles may be 2 to 10 nm, preferably 3 to 7 nm, and more preferably 1.5 to 4 nm. At this time, the metal catalyst may be supported in an amount of about 10 to 70 wt% with respect to the entire support.

[0044] Meanwhile, the membrane electrode body (100) can be formed by transferring a first electrode (11) on one side and a second electrode (12) on the other side of a polymer electrolyte membrane (10). The method of transferring the first electrode (11) and the second electrode (12) to the polymer electrolyte membrane (10) can be performed by methods such as spray coating, spin coating, bar coating, dip coating, and inkjet coating.

[0045] Meanwhile, the first electrode (11) or the second electrode (12) is preferably formed with a thickness of 1 to 50 μm to effectively activate the electrode reaction and prevent the electrical resistance from becoming excessively large, more preferably with a thickness of 5 μm to 40 μm, and even more preferably with a thickness of 10 μm to 25 μm. If the thickness of the first and second electrodes (11, 12) is less than 1 μm, the activation of the electrode reaction may be reduced, and if it exceeds 50 μm, the electrical resistance and mass transfer resistance increase, so the output of the fuel cell may be reduced.

[0046] Next, a first sub-gasket (21) is provided on the first surface, and a second sub-gasket (22) is provided on the other surface (S20).

[0047] The first sub-gasket (21) and the second sub-gasket (22) are provided on one side and the other side of the membrane-electrode body (100). More specifically, the first sub-gasket (21) may be provided on one side of the polymer electrolyte membrane (10) on which the first electrode (11) is formed, and the second sub-gasket (22) may be provided on the other side of the polymer electrolyte membrane (10) on which the second electrode (22) is formed.

[0048] The first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22) may be provided to protect the polymer electrolyte membrane (10) and to ensure the assembly of the fuel cell. Polyethylene (PE) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), which is inert to the fuel cell reaction, may be used as the first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22).

[0049] Meanwhile, in order for a fuel cell reaction to occur at the first electrode (11) and the second electrode (12), a portion of the first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22) may be perforated (23, 24). Since the first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22) are manufactured from an inert polymer film, if the first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22) are bonded directly to one side and the other side of the polymer electrolyte membrane (10), the first electrode (11) and the second electrode (12) are not exposed to the outside and are insulated, so that a fuel cell reaction may not occur.

[0050] Accordingly, a portion (23) of the first sub-gasket (21) that overlaps with the first electrode (11) may be perforated so that the first electrode (11) is exposed to the outside. Additionally, a portion (24) of the second sub-gasket (22) that overlaps with the second electrode (12) may be perforated so that the second electrode (12) is exposed to the outside.

[0051] Meanwhile, an adhesive may be applied to a part of the first sub-gasket (21) that is in contact with one side of the polymer electrolyte membrane (10) as needed to improve bonding strength. Additionally, an adhesive may be applied to a part of the second sub-gasket (22) that is in contact with the other side of the polymer electrolyte membrane (10) as needed to improve bonding strength. This adhesive may be a hot-melt component and can improve bonding strength between the polymer electrolyte membrane (10) and the first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22) during the bonding process in the reaction chamber described later.

[0052] Next, the first sub-gasket (21) can be joined to the first surface, and the second sub-gasket (22) can be joined to the other surface (S30).

[0053] The joining of the first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22) can be carried out as follows.

[0054] First, as described above, a first sub-gasket (21) is provided on one side of the membrane-electrode body (100), and a second sub-gasket (22) is provided on the other side opposite to the one side. More specifically, the first sub-gasket (21) is provided on one side of the polymer electrolyte membrane (10) and the second sub-gasket (22) is provided on the other side of the polymer electrolyte membrane (10) so that the first electrode (11) is exposed to the outside through the perforated area (23) in the first sub-gasket (21) and the second electrode (12) is exposed to the outside through the perforated area (24) in the second sub-gasket.

[0055] A laminate (101) provided with first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22) on a membrane electrode (100) is introduced into a reaction chamber (not shown). The temperature and pressure of the reaction chamber can be adjusted according to process conditions. Meanwhile, multiple laminates (101) provided with first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22) on a membrane electrode (100) can be introduced into the reaction chamber. That is, by reacting multiple laminates (101) simultaneously, not just a single one, a large number of membrane electrode assemblies (200) with first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22) bonded to the membrane electrode (100) can be manufactured in the reaction chamber.

[0056] Meanwhile, bonding a first sub-gasket (21) to one side of the polymer electrolyte membrane (10) of the membrane electrode body (100) and bonding a second sub-gasket (22) to the other side can be accomplished using press air. More specifically, press air is applied to a laminate (101) introduced into a reaction chamber. The press air can be evenly sprayed toward one side and the other side of the laminate (101).

[0057] At this time, the pressure of the press-air may be 10 to 50 MPa. If the pressure of the press-air is less than 10 MPa, the bonding of the first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22) on the polymer electrolyte membrane (10) may not be sufficiently formed. If the pressure of the press-air exceeds 50 MPa, there is a possibility that the polymer electrolyte membrane (10) or the first and second electrodes (11, 12) may be damaged, which is undesirable.

[0058] When the first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22) are bonded to the polymer electrolyte membrane (10) using press-air, unlike when bonded using a press roller, pressure can be applied evenly across the entire first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22). That is, when using a press roller, due to the step formed by the first and second electrodes (11, 12), it is difficult to transmit pressure to the first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22) in the area close to the first and second electrodes (11, 12). As a result, in the area close to the first and second electrodes (11, 12), the first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22) are not bonded to the polymer electrolyte membrane (10), and an attempt was made to bond the first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22) in that part through an additional process. In other words, there was the inconvenience of the joining process having to be performed several times.

[0059] According to the present invention, the bonding of the first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22) is carried out by press-air, so that even if there is a step difference on the polymer electrolyte membrane (10) due to the first and second electrodes (11, 12), even pressure can be applied to the entire area of ​​the first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22). As a result, the bonding of the first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22) can be achieved even in the area close to the first and second electrodes (11, 12), and there is an advantage that no additional bonding process is required.

[0060] Furthermore, during the bonding process of the first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22), the temperature atmosphere inside the reaction chamber may be 70 to 150°C. If the temperature atmosphere is less than 70°C, it is difficult to activate the thermal fusion reaction between the first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22) and the polymer electrolyte membrane (10), so it may be difficult for the first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22) to be bonded to the polymer electrolyte membrane (10). On the other hand, if the temperature atmosphere exceeds 150°C, there is a possibility that thermal degradation may occur in the first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22) or the polymer electrolyte membrane (10), which are polymer materials.

[0061] Meanwhile, the bonding process of the first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22) can be performed for 1 to 20 minutes. If the process time is less than 1 minute, the bonding between the first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22) and the polymer electrolyte membrane (10) may not be sufficiently achieved. If the process time exceeds 20 minutes, the bonding between the first and second sub-gaskets (21, 22) and the polymer electrolyte membrane (10) is sufficiently achieved relative to the time invested, but a bonding effect greater than the time invested is not produced, which is undesirable in terms of process efficiency.

[0062] By the above-described process, a membrane-electrode assembly (200) comprising a polymer electrolyte membrane (10), a first electrode (11), a second electrode (12), a first sub-gasket (21), and a second sub-gasket (22) can be manufactured. The manufactured membrane-electrode assembly (200) can be used in a fuel cell.

[0063] Additionally, a fuel cell system (not shown) comprising the membrane-electrode assembly of the present invention may be provided.

[0064] The above fuel cell system can be manufactured using conventional methods known in various literature in the relevant technical field. In addition, the fuel cell can be applied to various structures, such as tubular stacks, flat tubular stacks, or planar type stacks.

[0065] A fuel cell system according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a membrane-electrode assembly and separators located on both sides of the membrane-electrode assembly, and may include at least one electricity generating unit that generates electricity through an oxidation reaction of fuel and a reduction reaction of an oxidizing agent; a fuel supply unit that supplies the fuel to the electricity generating unit; and an oxidizing agent supply unit that supplies the oxidizing agent to the electricity generating unit.

[0066] Hereinafter, a method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell according to the present invention will be described.

[0067] Preparation Example 1 - Preparation of a membrane electrode

[0068] To form the first and second electrodes, platinum (Pt) was prepared as a metal catalyst and carbon black was prepared as a support. The metal catalyst was prepared with a particle size of 4 to 7 nm, and the metal catalyst was supported on the carbon black at 60 to 70 wt% of the weight of the carbon black support. The carbon black supported with the metal catalyst was dispersed in polytetrafluoroethylene to prepare an ink for forming electrodes.

[0069] Polyimide was selected as the polymer electrolyte membrane, and the polymer electrolyte membrane was selected with dimensions of 4 cm x 6 cm.

[0070] A first electrode was formed on one side of a polymer electrolyte membrane and a second electrode on the other side using the manufactured electrode-forming ink. The first and second electrodes were formed by a spray coating method. The first and second electrodes were each formed with a thickness of 70 μm. Additionally, the first and second electrodes were formed with dimensions of 1.5 cm x 3 cm.

[0071] Preparation Example 2 - Preparation of a Membrane-Electrode Assembly

[0072] First and second sub-gaskets were provided on the membrane-electrode prepared in Preparation Example 1. Polyethylene (PE) was selected for the first and second sub-gaskets. The first and second sub-gaskets were selected to have a size of 4 cm x 6 cm in width x height. To expose the first and second electrodes, a portion of the first and second sub-gaskets in contact with the first and second electrodes was perforated. The perforations were formed to have a size of 1.5 cm x 3 cm in width x height, identical to the width and height of the first and second electrodes.

[0073] A laminate comprising a membrane electrode and first and second sub-gaskets was introduced into a reaction chamber. After setting the temperature atmosphere inside the reaction chamber to 95°C, press air at a pressure of 30 MPa was applied to the laminate. Press air was applied to the laminate for 10 minutes to bond the first and second sub-gaskets to the membrane electrode, thereby finally manufacturing a membrane electrode assembly.

[0074] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and can be manufactured in various different forms, and those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without changing the technical concept or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments described above should be understood as illustrative in all respects and not restrictive. Explanation of the symbols

[0075] 10: Polymer electrolyte membrane 11: First electrode 12: Second electrode 21: 1st sub-gasket 22: 2nd sub-gasket 100: Membrane-electrode 101: Stack 200: Membrane-electrode assembly

Claims

Claim 1 A method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for an eco-friendly fuel cell comprises: a step of providing a membrane-electrode body including a polymer electrolyte membrane, a first electrode formed on one side of the polymer electrolyte membrane, and a second electrode formed on the other side of the polymer electrolyte membrane; a step of providing a first sub-gasket on the one side and a second sub-gasket on the other side to form a laminate including the membrane-electrode body and the first and second sub-gaskets; and a step of introducing the laminate into a chamber. The method comprises the step of forming the membrane-electrode assembly by bonding the first sub-gasket of the laminate onto the one side and bonding the second sub-gasket onto the other side within the chamber, wherein the bonding of the first and second sub-gaskets is performed by applying press air to the first and second sub-gaskets, the pressure of the press air is 20 to 50 MPa, the bonding of the first and second sub-gaskets is performed in a temperature atmosphere of 70 to 150°C, the bonding of the first and second sub-gaskets is performed for 1 to 20 minutes, a portion of the first sub-gasket overlapping with the first electrode is perforated so that the first electrode is exposed to the outside, and a portion of the second sub-gasket overlapping with the second electrode is perforated so that the second electrode is exposed to the outside, and when a plurality of the laminates are introduced into the chamber, the plurality of laminates react simultaneously within the chamber, and a plurality of the membrane-electrode assemblies simultaneously Method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell. Claim 2 delete Claim 3 delete Claim 4 delete Claim 5 delete Claim 6 delete Claim 7 delete Claim 8 A method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell, wherein, in claim 1, the first and second sub-gaskets are formed of polyethylene (PE) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). Claim 9 A method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the polymer electrolyte membrane is selected from the group consisting of perfluorosulfonic acid polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, hydrocarbon-based polymer, polyimide, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polyphosphazine, polyethylene naphthalate, polyester, polyetherketone, and polysulfone. Claim 10 A method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode comprise a support and a metal catalyst supported on the support. Claim 11 A method for manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell according to claim 10, wherein the metal catalyst is selected from platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), and chromium (Cr), or is an alloy thereof. Claim 12 delete

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