A method for obtaining a thick pectin extract from the fruits of black chokelus (cotoneaster melanocarpus fisch. ex btytt)

Abstract

The creation of utility models is one of the priority areas in the field of pharmacy, especially in terms of developing and improving methods for obtaining herbal pharmaceutical substances that meet pharmacopoeial requirements and are intended for subsequent industrial production. Of particular importance is the development of technologies for obtaining pectin substances from domestic medicinal plant raw materials, which possess high biological activity, standardized physicochemical properties and expand the range of domestic pharmaceutical substances. The purpose of this utility model is to develop a method for obtaining a plant-based pharmaceutical substance, pectin, of pharmacopoeial quality in the form of a thick extract from the fruits of Cotoneaster melanocarpus, ensuring a high yield of the target product, converting protopectin into a soluble form, preserving its structural and functional properties, increasing stability and expanding the possibilities of using pectin in the pharmaceutical and food industries. To achieve this goal, black chokeberry fruits, pre-standardized for quality, are used as the medicinal plant material. The raw material is crushed using a rolling mill, which disrupts cellular structures and increases the contact area with the extractant, resulting in particles no larger than 5 mm. Extraction is carried out with an aqueous or aqueous-acidic extractant using maceration, fractional maceration, or a combination of ultrasonic and ion-assisted extraction. Extraction is performed using ultrasound in the 18–40 kHz frequency range for 10–30 minutes at a temperature of 45–55°C and a water ratio of 1:8 to 1:15, which ensures effective soluble protopectin. Purified water or an aqueous solution of an organic acid selected from the citric or malic acid group is used as an extractant, with pH values ​​of the extraction medium from 2.5 to 4.0. The resulting extract is purified from ballast substances by settling at a temperature not exceeding 10°C without freezing for a specified time, followed by decantation of the supernatant liquid and multi-stage filtration through filters with a pore size of 1.0 to 0.45 μm, which allows for the removal of mechanical impurities and associated non-target components. Concentration of the purified extract is carried out in a vacuum evaporator at a temperature of 30–55 °C and a residual pressure of 1–5 mBar until a thick extract with a moisture content of no more than 25% is obtained.