FORMWORK SYSTEM

Abstract

The present invention relates to a formwork device (5) for a battery mold (1) for producing structural elements, in particular precast concrete elements (27, 28), the battery mold comprising at least two bulkheads (5') and the formwork device (5) comprising two facing panels (11) that are preferably hingedly connected to one another such that they can be transferred from an unfolded state to a folded state. Each facing panel (11) has a front face (12) for the mounting of formwork elements (18) and a rear face (13), the rear faces (13) of the two facing panels (11) facing each other in the folded state. The formwork device (5) is designed to be located between the bulkheads (5') in the folded state. The present invention further relates to a system that consists of a battery mold (1) and at least one formwork device (5) according to the invention, said formwork device (5) being suspended in the battery mold (1).

Description

Formwork equipment The present invention relates to a formwork device for a battery formwork for the production of building elements, in particular precast concrete elements, which has at least two bulkhead walls. Battery molds are frequently used in the mass production of precast concrete elements. Precast concrete elements are particularly common in the construction of prefabricated buildings. These elements can be produced quickly and cost-effectively in battery molds. Conventional battery molds use so-called partition walls as formwork units, arranged side by side. The partition walls each span vertical planes. Formwork elements, for example for doors, windows, etc., are installed between the partition walls. These elements, together with the partition walls on either side, define the cavities to be filled with concrete. The partition walls are fitted with the appropriate formwork elements as needed. A worker attaches the formwork elements to the steel partition walls, for example, using magnetic holders.During production, the partition walls are braced against each other to ensure sufficient airtightness of the cavities. The cavities are open at the top and are filled with concrete to produce the precast concrete elements. The cavities located between the partition walls are filled with concrete essentially simultaneously. After the concrete has hardened, the bracing is released, and the hardened precast concrete elements can be removed from the battery mold. The simultaneous production of multiple precast concrete elements using the battery mold makes it possible to manufacture precast concrete elements quickly and cost-effectively. On the other hand, handling the large and relatively heavy partition walls is not entirely straightforward. Loading the partition walls with formwork elements is also quite laborious. Therefore, it is desirable and the object of the invention to further simplify the production of precast concrete elements.In particular, further flexibility in the manufacturing process would be desirable. This problem is solved according to the invention by a formwork device for a battery formwork for producing building elements, in particular precast concrete elements, which has at least two bulkhead walls and the formwork device has two formwork panels which are preferably hinged to each other in order to be transferred from an unfolded state to a folded state, wherein each formwork panel has a formwork front for attaching formwork elements and a formwork back, and the formwork backs of the two formwork panels face each other in the folded state and the formwork device is provided to be positioned between the bulkhead walls in the folded state. This solution offers the advantage that a formwork system with two formwork panels can be used for the simultaneous production of two different precast concrete elements. Specifically, formwork elements, such as those for doors and windows, can be applied to one formwork panel for one precast concrete element, while formwork elements for another precast concrete element can be applied to the other formwork panel. To produce the precast concrete elements, the formwork system is positioned between two adjacent partition walls. The ability to move the formwork panels from an unfolded to a folded state allows the respective formwork elements to be loaded onto the panels while they are lying flat. The formwork panels are then lifted and folded, at which point they can be inserted between the partition walls.This greatly simplifies the loading of the formwork panels compared to conventional battery formwork. The ability to load formwork elements while the panels are lying flat also facilitates the automation of this process. Advantageously, the formwork panels can be essentially rectangular. Their shape thus corresponds substantially to the shape of the bulkheads, ensuring compatibility. This can be particularly advantageous for the potential retrofitting of existing battery formwork. It can be beneficial if the rectangular formwork panels are connected to each other on one side, preferably along their longer longitudinal edge. The connection is made along a horizontal line that runs during the insertion of the folded formwork panels. The two formwork panels then extend downwards from this line, essentially hanging downwards from it. This allows for easy handling of the formwork system. It can also be advantageous if the formwork panels are connected to each other via a hinge joint. In particular, this can further simplify handling when transitioning from the unfolded to the folded state. In an advantageous further development of the invention, at least the front surface of the formwork panel can be magnetic. For example, the formwork panel can be made at least partially of steel. In this way, magnetic formwork elements can be attached to the formwork panel, which further simplifies handling and allows the formwork system to be used even more efficiently. It can also be advantageous if the formwork has at least one wheel. This makes it easier to position and move the formwork within the battery tray. It can also be advantageous if the roller is positioned on a narrow side of the formwork, preferably in the area where the two formwork panels meet. Such a design makes handling the formwork in the battery formwork even easier. It can also prove advantageous if the roller is arranged at the hinge joint. Such an arrangement is particularly beneficial for battery trays where the bulkheads and / or the formwork system are suspended. This prevents the formwork panels from unfolding on their own. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the formwork system can include a heating element and / or a vibrator, preferably detachably arranged. Both the heating element and the vibrator can be detachably mounted. This makes it possible to use the formwork systems more universally. It is no longer necessary to use expensive partition walls with permanently mounted vibrators. Instead, the formwork system can be equipped with a heating element and / or a vibrator as needed. The heating element and / or the vibrator can be mounted, in particular, when loading the formwork panels with the formwork elements. It is conceivable to attach the heating element and / or the vibrator to the formwork element using magnetic holders. Furthermore, it can be advantageous to provide a filling spout at one of the end sections of the formwork opposite the articulated connection, preferably the hinge joint. Such a filling spout can be located in the lower section of the formwork when it is suspended within the battery formwork. This allows the concrete to be poured in from below. For suspended formwork elements, the filling spout can optionally be located at the bottom end. Preferably, however, it is situated laterally on a lower end section of the formwork. Such a filling spout can also be designed as a permanent component. In this case, it remains in the formed precast concrete element, and the unused portion can then be cut off, for example. The above problem is also solved by an arrangement consisting of a battery casing and at least one casing device according to the invention, wherein the casing device is arranged suspended in the battery casing. This solution has the advantage that a continuously paved floor, e.g., made of concrete, is not required under the battery tray and especially under the suspended formwork components. This reduces the requirements for the installation location of the battery tray and makes it more versatile. It can be advantageous if the battery tray has at least one support device, preferably a rail, for receiving the roller of the tray assembly. This allows the tray assembly to be easily moved within the battery tray. Furthermore, the invention relates to a formwork device for a battery formwork with at least two bulkheads in which a formwork panel is arranged between the bulkheads, which has a front and a back and the front is assigned to one bulkhead and the back to the other bulkhead, and the formwork panel with its front and back and the respective assigned bulkheads each define at least one cavity for filling with concrete. Unlike the previously discussed embodiment, this embodiment provides only one formwork panel, which can preferably be fitted with formwork elements on both sides. This gives the formwork a dual function and allows for a further simplification of formwork for precast concrete elements in battery formwork. Furthermore, in both embodiments according to the invention, at least one formwork matrix can be provided between the bulkheads. Such matrices can have prefabricated arrangements of formwork elements and are positioned and, if necessary, fastened between the bulkheads on the bulkhead or the formwork system. This further reduces the effort required for assembly. Such matrices can also represent only parts of a formwork element. For example, the matrix can form an interchangeable core to easily produce different variants of a precast concrete element. Likewise, potentially complex geometries can be realized that are difficult to achieve with conventional formwork elements. Thus, a collection of matrices can be used to easily manufacture different precast concrete elements. The aforementioned features of the formwork system are suitable for bulkhead walls that are suspended, as in the version preferred according to the invention, but are also fundamentally suitable for bulkhead walls mounted on trolleys. In this case, the bulkhead walls are supported on the ground and can, for example, also be moved on rails. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment and accompanying drawings. These drawings show: Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a battery casing with Formwork equipment; Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a battery casing with a Exemplary embodiment of the formwork device according to the invention and Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of a conveying device for conveying the formwork device according to the invention. Figures 4 to 7 show the steps involved in transferring the formwork from the unfolded state to the folded state; Figures 8 to 11 show the formwork device according to the invention mounted between two bulkheads on a chassis; Figures 12 to 19 show the steps involved in removing the finished precast concrete elements; Figure 20 shows a second embodiment of the formwork device. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a battery formwork 1 with formwork components 5. The battery formwork 1 is used for manufacturing building components (not shown) and, in particular, precast concrete elements for buildings. The battery formwork 1 has a support frame 2 with spaced-apart support sections 3. The number of support sections 3 in Figure 1 is only exemplary and can be adapted to the specific requirements. Furthermore, the battery formwork 1 comprises two support structures 4 in which the bulkheads 5' and the formwork components 5 are suspended and movably mounted, i.e., in the present embodiment, slidably mounted. The formwork components 5 are located between the bulkheads 5'.A cavity to be filled with concrete is formed between at least one bulkhead 5' and a formwork system 5, wherein the formwork system 5 preferably carries formwork elements 18 that define the contour of the precast concrete element. The formwork elements 18 can, for example, define door or window openings and also seal the concrete-filled cavity during concreting. The formwork elements 18 can, for example, be attached to the formwork system 5 by means of magnetic holders. Additionally, a heating device and / or a vibrator can be mounted on the formwork system 5. In the embodiment according to Fig. 1, the formwork 5 can be plate-shaped and provided with corresponding formwork elements 18 on one or both sides. If the formwork 5 is provided with formwork elements 18 on both sides, it can be used to produce different precast concrete elements 27, 28 on each side. The formwork 5 equipped with formwork elements on both sides, as well as the formwork 5 equipped with formwork elements 18 on one side, is placed between two bulkhead walls 5' and clamped to them during concreting. The number of support structures 4, partition walls 5', and formwork units 5 is to be considered merely exemplary and can be varied depending on the circumstances. For example, formwork units 5 can be provided for the exterior walls, interior walls, floor, and roof of a house, so that the building components for an entire building can be produced simultaneously with the battery formwork 1. The partition walls 5' and the formwork units 5 can be clamped between two support structures 6. The number of support structures 6 is also to be considered merely exemplary and can be varied according to requirements. At least one support structure 6 is movable, i.e., in the present embodiment, slidable, and is accommodated within the support structures 4.For stabilization, the formwork units 5 and the support units 6 can be connected and braced together in the concreting position by one or more rod-shaped connecting devices 10. The number of connecting devices 10 can be adapted to the conditions. Hydraulic connecting devices are also possible instead of rod-shaped connecting devices 10. However, the rod-shaped connecting devices 10 are particularly robust and easy to handle. Figures 4 to 7 show how a formwork unit 5 according to the invention is transferred from the unfolded state to the folded state. Figure 4 shows the formwork unit 5 in the unfolded state with formwork elements 18 and schematically represented reinforcement 18'. The lifting device 7 is raised, for example, by a support cable 22 in the area of ​​the hinge joint and transferred to the state according to Figure 6. According to Figure 6, the formwork unit 5 is folded.7 the formwork device 5 is lifted and inserted into the battery formwork 1 between two bulkheads 5'. In the illustration according to Figures 8 to 11, the formwork device 5 according to the invention is shown between two bulkheads 5'. It can be seen how the formwork elements 18, together with the bulkheads 5' and the formwork device 5, define two cavities that are open at the top and can be filled with concrete. Before filling with concrete, the bulkheads 5' are braced against each other to ensure the tightness of the cavity. In the illustration according to Figures 8 to 11, the two bulkheads 5' are located on a chassis 23. However, according to the invention, the bulkheads 5' can also be arranged in a suspended configuration. The suspended configuration is preferred in the invention. Figures 8 to 11 illustrate, however, that an arrangement is also possible in which the bulkheads 5' rest on chassis 23 on the ground. The formwork devices 5 are connected to the bulkheads 5' via fasteners 24 to 26.Fasteners 26, such as screw connections, are provided in the lower section of the vertically arranged bulkhead walls 5'. Pivoting fastening elements 24 and 25 are located in the upper section, allowing the formwork assembly 5 to be detachably connected to the bulkhead walls 5'. Figures 12 to 19 show the demolding sequence of the precast concrete elements after they have hardened. The lifting device 7 initially holds the right-hand precast concrete element 27 and prevents it from falling when, as shown in Figure 13, the right-hand bulkhead 5' is removed. In this embodiment, the formwork element 18 is attached to the bulkheads 5'. Preferably, however, the formwork elements 18 are located on the formwork assembly 5. In Figure 14, the right-hand precast concrete element 27 is now removed. Subsequently, the formwork assembly 5 is lifted with the lifting device 7, and the connection 26 is released to allow the formwork assembly 5 to be removed. The left-hand precast concrete element 28 is first secured to the bulkhead 5' with the fastening device 24. The precast concrete element 28 is then lifted, and the fastening device 24 is released. The precast concrete element can now be removed as shown in Figure 19.In the battery formwork 1 according to the invention, the formwork components 5 are suspended from above into the support structures 4, so that in the suspended state they are positioned between the support sections 3 and the ground in a concreting position. Furthermore, the battery formwork 1 has a lifting device 7 with which at least one of the formwork components 5 can be moved from the lowered concreting position to a raised transport position, in which the formwork component 5 can be conveyed over a formwork component 5 located in the concreting position in a direction substantially perpendicular to the lifting direction X. The design of the lifting device 7 can be adapted to the requirements. If necessary, several lifting devices 7 can also be used. The lifting device 7 is movable on two spaced-apart guide devices 8, which here are designed as running rails 8, in one span direction of the formwork devices 5. Furthermore, the guide devices 8 are arranged above and parallel to the support devices 4. To make the battery formwork 1 more compact, the formwork devices 5 are attached to the support devices 4 at their upper end. The battery tray 1 can have at least one weighting device (not shown) with a cavity that can preferably be filled with sand, water, and / or concrete. Furthermore, the weighting device can be emptied and / or removed. This increases the stability and sturdiness of the battery tray 1. The filling can be adapted to the specific conditions at the locations where the battery tray 1 is erected. For example, filling it with sand may be advantageous in desert regions. Emptying the weighting device when filling with sand or water, or removing the weighting device when filling with concrete, for example, makes the battery tray 1 easier to transport. The modular and disassemblable design of the battery housing 1 also facilitates its transport, allowing each modular component to be transported in a standard 20-foot or 40-foot container. This enables the battery housing 1 to be quickly moved to locations where housing is urgently needed, such as refugee camps. The battery formwork 1 can be equipped with formwork devices 5, which are designed so that the parts (floor, side walls, inner walls, roof) for the production of an entire building, which consists of e.g. 12 parts, can be produced simultaneously with the battery formwork 1. The battery formwork 1 is designed such that the lifting height of a formwork device 5 or a bulkhead 5' by the lifting device 7 corresponds to at least twice the height, preferably 2.5 times the height of the formwork device 5. The formwork devices 5 and the support devices 6 can be arranged so that sufficient space remains between a support device 6 and the support sections 3, which are arranged on one side of the battery formwork 1, for storing or loading the demolded precast concrete elements or formwork elements 5. The battery tray 1 shown in Figure 1 also includes other parts such as a staircase or railing. These parts, their number and arrangement are only examples. Such parts can be added or omitted as required. Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a battery formwork 1 with an embodiment of a formwork device 5 according to the invention for producing building components not shown, in particular precast concrete elements. The battery formwork 1 of Figure 2 is similar to the battery formwork 1 of Figure 1. For clarity, the attachments such as stairs, railings, etc., as well as the lifting device 7 from Figure 1, have been omitted. Identical components have the same reference numerals. The battery formwork 1 of Figure 2 differs from the battery formwork 1 of Figure 1 essentially only in the different design of the formwork devices 5. The formwork device 5 according to the invention, shown in Figure 2, has two formwork panels 11 which are hinged to each other in order to be moved from an unfolded state to a folded state. The formwork panels 11 outside the battery formwork 1 show the unfolded state, and the formwork devices 5 located inside the battery formwork 1 show the folded state. Each formwork panel 11 has a front surface 12 for attaching formwork elements 18, as shown in Figure 3, and a back surface 13. In the folded state, the back surfaces 13 of the two formwork panels 11 face each other. The formwork panels 11 are essentially rectangular, so that the formwork device is also essentially rectangular. This shape facilitates the handling of the formwork device 5.However, the shape of the formwork 5 depends on the component to be produced. Therefore, the shape of the formwork 5 shown is only exemplary and can be adapted to the specific circumstances. Preferably, the dimensions of a formwork panel 1 correspond to the dimensions of a bulkhead 5'. The formwork panels 11 are connected to each other on one side along their longer longitudinal side 16. Handling of the formwork system 5 can be simplified if the formwork panels 11 are connected to each other via a hinge joint 14. To facilitate the installation of formwork elements 18, as shown in the example in Fig. 3, at least the front surface 12 of the formwork panel 11 can be magnetic. As mentioned above, the design of the formwork system 5 depends on the component to be produced. Therefore, the formwork panels 11 can also be connected to each other on one side other than the longer longitudinal side 16, and may have a different connection instead of a hinge joint 14. If, for example, a fastening with screws is chosen instead of magnetic fastening for the formwork elements 18 to the formwork panel 11, it is not necessary for the front surface 12 of the formwork panel 11 to be magnetic. In contrast to the formwork device 5 shown in Figure 1, the formwork device 5 according to the invention shown in Figure 2 has two formwork panels 11 that are hinged together. Furthermore, the formwork device 5 according to the invention shown in Figure 2 has a roller 15 on each narrow side 17 in the area where the two formwork panels 11 meet. The rollers 15 are arranged on the hinge joint 14. The number and arrangement of the rollers 15 can be varied depending on the circumstances. The rollers 15 make it easier to move the formwork devices 5 in the battery tray 1. Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of the battery tray 1 and a conveyor belt 9 for conveying the tray assembly 5 according to the invention. A soiled formwork unit 5 is placed from the battery formwork 1, unfolded and with the front of the formwork 12 facing upwards, onto a receiving area 19 of the conveyor belt 9. From there, the formwork unit 5 is conveyed in the conveying direction Y to a cleaning area 20, where it is cleaned and, in particular, freed from concrete residue. Formwork elements 18 that are no longer needed can also be removed there. The formwork unit 5 is then conveyed to a loading area 21 where new formwork elements 18 can be applied. From assembly area 21, the formwork unit 5 is transported back to the battery tray 1, into which it is then reattached. This process is merely an example and can be adapted to specific requirements. In particular, the number, arrangement, and design of areas 19, 20, and 21 can be varied according to the requirements. The fastening device 24 is designed to temporarily secure the precast concrete element 28 when the formwork 5 is removed. The fastening device 25 is designed to temporarily secure the formwork 5 to the bulkhead 5' on the left in the illustration while the precast concrete element 27 is removed. The fastening devices 24 and 25 are designed as hinged brackets to allow temporary securing of the formwork 5 and the precast concrete element 28, respectively. In the illustration according to Figures 12 to 19, the bulkheads 5' are mounted on trolleys. As explained previously, the same procedure can also be carried out with bulkheads 5' that are suspended. Figure 20 shows a second embodiment of the formwork device 5, in which formwork elements 18 are arranged on both sides of the formwork device 5. The fact that the formwork device 5 according to the invention has two formwork panels 2 which are hinged to each other in order to be moved from an unfolded state to a folded state significantly simplifies the handling of the formwork device 5. Thus, the formwork device 5 according to the invention can be used even more efficiently compared to conventional formwork devices, which can also reduce the production costs for building components.

Claims

Claims Formwork device for a battery formwork (1 ) for producing building elements, in particular precast concrete elements (27, 28), which has at least two bulkhead walls (5') and the formwork device (5) has two formwork panels (1 1 ) which are preferably hinged to each other in order to be transferred from an unfolded state to a folded state, wherein each formwork panel (1 1 ) has a formwork front (12) for attaching formwork elements (18) and a formwork back (13) and the formwork backs (13) of the two formwork panels (1 1 ) are facing each other in the folded state and the formwork device is provided to be positioned between the bulkhead walls in the folded state. Formwork device according to claim 1, characterized in that the formwork panels (1 1 ) are essentially rectangular and preferably connected to each other on one side, preferably on the longer longitudinal side (16). Formwork device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the formwork panels (1 1 ) are connected to each other via a hinge joint (14). Formwork device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the formwork front (12) of the formwork plate (1 1 ) is magnetic. Formwork device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the formwork device (5) has at least one roller (15). Formwork device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the roller (15) is provided on a narrow side (17) of the formwork device (5) and preferably in the area where the two formwork panels (1 1 ) adjoin each other. Formwork device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the roller (15) is arranged at the hinge joint (14).

8. Formwork device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a heating device and / or a vibrator is provided on the formwork device (5), preferably detachably attached.

9. Formwork device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a filling nozzle is provided at one end section opposite the articulated connection, preferably the hinge joint (14).

10. Arrangement comprising a battery tray (1 ) and at least one tray device (5) according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the tray device (5) is arranged suspended in the battery tray (1 ). 1 1. Arrangement according to claim 10, characterized in that the battery casing (1 ) has at least one support device (4), preferably a rail (4), for receiving the roller (15) of the casing device (5).

12. Formwork device for a battery formwork with at least two bulkhead walls (5'), characterized in that a formwork panel (1 1 ) is arranged between the bulkhead walls (5'), which has a front and a back and the front is assigned to one bulkhead wall (5') and the back to the other bulkhead wall (5') and the formwork panel (1 1 ) with its front and back and the respective assigned bulkhead walls (5') each define at least one cavity for filling with concrete.

13. Formwork device for a battery casing according to claim 12, characterized in that its front and / or back each have at least one casing element (18).

14. Formwork device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one formwork matrix is ​​provided between the bulkhead walls (5').