SACCHARIDE FATTY ACID ESTER LATEX BARRIER COATING COMPOSITIONS

Abstract

The present invention describes methods for treating cellulosic materials with barrier coating compositions that enable surface modifications, including making such surfaces exhibit barrier functions such as resistance to oils and greases, water resistance, and the like. The described methods provide the combination of at least one saccharide fatty acid ester (SFAE) with polymers and the application of such combinations to substrates including cellulose-based materials. Compositions comprising combinations of SFAEs and polymers are also described, including the use of such compositions to reduce the blocking effects of said polymers without affecting the barrier performance or folding of manufactured articles coated with said compositions.In addition, blocking index data for SFAE polymer compositions can be used to identify the conditions under which adhesive properties can be exploited to produce compositions that enable effective heat sealing of manufactured articles.

Description

ACID ESTER LATEX BARRIER COATING COMPOSITIONS SACCHARIDE FAT Background of the invention Field of invention The present invention relates generally to the treatment of surfaces with barrier coatings, and more specifically to the treatment of such surfaces with a barrier coating composition comprising saccharide fatty acid esters (SFAE) in combination with polymers and, optionally, also pigments and other functional chemicals, such that the types and quantities of polymers applied, including the temperatures and pressures that can be used in their application, can be expanded to control adhesion. Context information Many oil- and grease-resistant (OGR) applications requiring significant oil and grease resistance have relied on chemical means of resistance, specifically the use of fluorochemicals (FCs). FC chemistry is unique in its performance and effectiveness in both low-solids press applications and wet-end direct-to-fiber applications. Both application methods can offer high levels of grease retention, which are maintained when products made with this chemistry are folded or creased in any way that might alter the surface. The paper and packaging industries have worked for years on alternative chemicals, but so far none have matched the effectiveness of FCs. An alternative approach has been to create a physical barrier by surface-treating substrates with a coating method. Several coating chemistries and methods have been tested. With multiple coating layers and the correct material selection, it is possible to create a defect-free (pinhole-free) physical barrier against grease. DC Ñ ​​<£ (and also against water). However, many OGR applications require the product to be folded, creased, or shaped in a way that can easily crack the coating, creating a defect in the physical barrier and an entry point for oil and grease. One solution to this problem is to select very soft and flexible barrier materials and use coatings that contain no (or very low) pigments / inorganic materials. Highly compatible coatings will survive folding and will not crack. Barrier coatings containing relatively high levels of latex are among the most successful of these approaches. Many polymer-based coatings, including those containing latex, are formulated materials applied to a substrate in a coating machine and then wound into a roll (for example, in paper and board applications). In a subsequent operation, and under certain conditions, the polymers they contain can act as an adhesive, bonding two surfaces together. One problem that can occur with such latex-containing coatings is that they can lock together when wound into a roll. This is essentially unintentional adhesion and causes the coated material to form a roll that cannot be unwound, rendering it completely unusable. The causes of such blockage can be multiple and include, among others, inefficient curing, substrate not properly acclimatized to the environment, flexible binders with high adhesive characteristics at low temperatures, high ambient humidity, coating film that is too heavy or of high viscosity resulting in slow or incomplete drying, the coating film being too weak or of low viscosity and not effectively wetted, the coating being too cold or mixed, airflow being low or inadequate through the drying system, the substrate absorbing and retaining excess moisture through the drying process, and high heat on the back of the substrate re-softening the coating. Anti-sticking agents can be used to solve these problems. Commonly used pigments include mica, talc, calcium carbonate, white charcoal, or cornstarch. However, anti-stick agents include, among others, lycopodium powder; mineral fillers, such as titanium dioxide; silica powder; alumina; metal oxides in general; > your NCNNCC Ñ ​​<£ Baking powder, diatomaceous earth, and similar materials can be used. Polymers and other additives with low surface energy can also be used, including a wide variety of fluorinated polymers, silicone additives, polyolefins and thermoplastics, waxes, release agents commonly used in the paper industry, including compounds with alkyl side chains, such as those with 16 or more carbons, and similar substances. However, these anti-tack agents tend to negatively affect coating performance, either by impairing the coatings' barrier properties or their ability to withstand folding. All major latex companies and many specialty chemical companies have barrier products that have been tested. However, approaches that have performed well through folding tend to result in high tackiness and blocking. However, while eliminating stickiness is necessary in most cases, modulating the adhesive properties of polymers is also a valuable process. Therefore, it is highly desirable for coated articles to possess enhanced antiblocking properties, including the need for coating compositions that provide improved antiblocking properties without affecting barrier properties, as well as application methods that utilize such compositions to make adhesion tunable. Brief Description of the Invention This description relates to methods for treating surfaces with a barrier coating composition that confers, among other things, water resistance and / or oil / grease resistance to the treated surfaces. The described methods involve combining at least one saccharide fatty acid ester (SFAE) with a polymer and applying such combinations to substrates, including cellulose-based materials. This composition reduces the tendency of polymer-containing barrier coatings to block up, and it also makes the treated surfaces resistant to crease cracking while leaving the functional barrier properties intact. Furthermore, by exploiting the observed adhesive properties of such compositions, [your NCNN] is provided. DC Ñ ​​<£ a means to modulate or appropriately adjust the adhesive properties of the polymer by modifying the process variables. In embodiments, a barrier coating composition is described that includes at least one saccharide fatty acid ester (SFAE) and a polymer, wherein the composition, when applied to a substrate, reduces the stickiness of the polymer without affecting the barrier function of the coating compared to the same composition in the absence of said saccharide fatty acid ester. In one respect, the resulting applied substrate shows an improved folding capacity. In another aspect, the polymer includes PvOH, starch, styrene butadiene latex, styrene acrylate latex, carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex, oligomer-stabilized styrene acrylic copolymer latex, surfactant-stabilized styrene acrylic copolymer latex, polyvinyl acetates, ethylene vinyl acetates, acrylics, and combinations thereof. In a related aspect, the polymer is a styrene butadiene latex or a styrene acrylate latex. In another aspect, a saccharide fatty acid ester is a fatty acid ester of sucrose. Relatedly, the composition includes a mixture of two or more saccharide fatty acid esters with different HLB values. In yet another related aspect, the saccharide fatty acid ester includes saturated fatty acid residues, unsaturated fatty acid residues, or a combination thereof. In one respect, the polymer is a latex. In another respect, the at least one saccharide fatty acid ester includes a saturated sucrose fatty acid ester. In a related respect, the sucrose fatty acid ester includes a monoester content of approximately 10% to approximately 25%. In terms of modality, a non-sticky polymer composition is described that includes a saccharide fatty acid ester (SFAE) and a polymer, wherein the SFAE is a saturated SFAE and the polymer includes a styrene-butadiene latex, a styrene-acrylate latex, > you NCNN carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex, oligomer-stabilized styrene acrylic copolymer latex, surfactant-stabilized styrene acrylic copolymer latex, polyvinyl acetates, ethylene vinyl acetates, acrylics and combinations thereof, and optionally, one or more agents including mica, talc, calcium carbonate, white carbon or corn starch, lycopodium powder, titanium dioxide, silica powder, alumina, metal oxides, diatomaceous earth and combinations thereof. In a related aspect, a manufactured article is described that includes the above non-sticky polymer composition. In embodiments, a method for removing the stickiness of a polymer is described, which includes mixing a saccharide fatty acid ester and a polymer, wherein the polymer includes a styrene-butadiene latex, a styrene-acrylate latex, a carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex, oligomer-stabilized acrylic styrene, a copolymer latex, a surfactant-stabilized styrene-acrylic copolymer latex, polyvinyl acetates, ethylene-vinyl acetates, acrylics and combinations thereof and, optionally, one or more agents including mica, talc, calcium carbonate, white carbon or corn starch, lycopodium powder, titanium dioxide, silica powder, alumina, metal oxides, diatomaceous earth and combinations thereof. In a related aspect, the method also includes applying this mixture to a substrate and determining the degree of polymer blocking. In another aspect, the resulting coating on said substrate exhibits reduced polymer stickiness and equivalent or improved folding ability without negatively affecting the barrier function of the coating compared to a substrate coated with the same polymer mixture that does not contain a saccharide fatty acid ester. In one aspect, the application of the mix includes conventional sizing press (vertical, inclined, horizontal), gate roll sizing press, measuring sizing press, offset printing, calender sizing application, tube sizing, on-machine, off-machine, single-sided coating machine, double-sided coating machine, short dwell time, simultaneous double-sided coating machine, machine > your Ñ CNNCC Ñ ​​<£ of knife or rod coating, gravure coating machine, gravure printing, spraying, flexographic printing, inkjet printing, laser printing, supercalendering and combinations thereof. In a related aspect, the coating is applied to the entire exterior surface of a substrate, the entire interior surface of a substrate, or a combination of both. In another related aspect, the coating is applied to a substrate by masking. In another aspect, the substrate includes cellulose-based material. In a related aspect, cellulose-based material includes paper, sheets of paper, cardboard, paper pulp, a heat-sealed bag, a heat-sealed container, a heat-sealed bag, a cardboard food storage box, parchment paper, a cake board, butcher paper, non-stick paper / coating, a food storage bag, a shopping bag, a shipping bag, a bacon tray, insulating material, tea bags, a coffee or tea container, a compost bag, an eating utensil, a hot or cold beverage container, a cup, a lid, a plate, a carbonated liquid storage bottle, gift cards, a non-carbonated liquid storage bottle, food wrap, a garbage disposal container, a food handling implement, a fabric fiber (e.g., cotton or cotton blends).an implement for storing and transporting water, a container for alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverages, an outer casing or screen for electronic products, an indoor or outdoor piece of furniture, a curtain, and upholstery. In another related aspect, the barrier function includes resistance to oils and greases, water resistance, water vapor resistance, O2 resistance, and combinations thereof. In modalities, a method is described for determining the blocking index of an SFAE-polymer combination that includes applying mixtures containing an SFAE and a polymer to coat a substrate surface, where the mixtures vary in SFAE-to-polymer ratios on a dry matter basis; contact with coated surfaces > your NCNNCC Ñ ​​<£ opposite the substrate and / or bring the surface of the coated substrate into contact with an unapplied substrate at a range of temperatures and / or pressures for a selected period of time; and measure the blocking resistance for the mixtures, where the blocking resistance delimits the blocking rate for a particular SFAE to polymer ratio. In a related aspect, the blocking rating also includes comparing a composition that does not contain SFAE as a control, where the amount of said polymer on a dry matter basis in the control is the same. In another related aspect, the degree of blocking defines the range of conditions under which the mixture will or will not adhere to an opposing coated surface or to an uncoated surface of the same substrate. In one aspect, the effect on the barrier properties of mixtures classified as blocking agents is also determined. In embodiments, a method for producing a heat-sealed manufactured article is described, which includes applying a locking mixture comprising at least one SFAE and a polymer to a substrate surface to coat said surface; exposing the mixture-applied substrate to a first condition, wherein the applied heat and pressure would result in the adhesion of the polymer in the absence of the SFAE; collecting said exposed substrate; contacting a surface of the collected exposed substrate with an opposing surface of a separate collected exposed substrate or a surface of an uncoated substrate; and exposing the contacting surfaces to a second condition, wherein the applied heat and pressure would result in the adhesion of the polymer in the presence of said SFAE and form a seal between the contacting surfaces. In a related aspect, the blocking mixture can be applied to partially cover the surface of a substrate. In another aspect, the blocking-rated mixture can be applied by masking or printing onto selected surfaces. In modalities, a manufactured item that can be produced using the above method is described. > your Ñ CNN DC Ñ ​​<£ Brief description of the drawings Figure 1 shows a scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of untreated Whatman medium porosity filter paper (58x magnification). Figure 2 shows an SEM of untreated Whatman medium porosity filter paper (1070x magnification). Figure 3 shows a side-by-side SEM comparison of paper made from recycled pulp before (left) and after (right) coating with microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) (27x magnification). Figure 4 shows a side-by-side SEM comparison of paper made from recycled pulp before (left) and after (right) coating with MFC (98x magnification). Figure 5 shows the water penetration in paper treated with various coating formulations: polyvinyl alcohol (PvOH), diamonds; SEFOSE® + PvOH at 1:1 (v / v), squares; Ethylex (starch), triangles; SEFOSE® + PvOH at 3:1 (v / v), crosses. Figure 6 shows drops of water on paper treated with an aqueous composition comprising 2 fatty acid esters of sucrose having different HLB values ​​and precipitated calcium carbonate. Figures 7(a)-(d) illustrate the enigma of the barrier function. Figure 8 shows a graph detailing the relationship between the blocking index and clamping pressure at 100°C for a styrene-butadiene latex. Top line = latex without sucrose fatty acid ester; bottom line = latex with sucrose fatty acid ester. Figure 9 shows a graph detailing the relationship between the blocking index and the holding time at 100°C for a styrene acrylate latex. Area > you NCNN oblong = latex without sucrose fatty acid ester; area of ​​the circle = latex with sucrose fatty acid ester. Detailed description of the invention Before describing the present composition, methods, and methodologies, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular compositions, methods, and experimental conditions described, as such compositions, methods, and conditions may vary. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is intended to describe particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting, as the scope of the invention is limited only by the claims. As used in this specification and the accompanying claims, the singular forms a, an, and the include plural references unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Thus, for example, references to a saccharide fatty acid ester include one or more saccharide fatty acid esters and / or compositions of the type described herein that will be evident to those skilled in the art upon reading this specification, and so forth. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. Any methods and materials similar to or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the practice or testing of the invention, it being understood that modifications and variations thereof are included within the spirit and scope of the present invention. As used in this document, around, > your NCNNCC The terms "approximately," "substantially," and "significantly" will be understood by a person with normal experience in the field and will vary to some extent depending on the context in which they are used. If there are uses of the term that are not clear to those skilled in the art given the context in which it is used, "around" and "approximately" will mean more or less than 10% of the particular term, and "substantially" and "significantly" will mean more or less than 10% of the particular term. "Comprising" and "consisting essentially of" have their usual meanings in the field. Barrier coatings on surfaces typically function to prevent external elements (e.g., liquids / gases) from passing through the surfaces, or to reduce the leakage of such elements. Various polymers that make up the coating can enhance the performance of a particular base component. For example, latex is an excellent film former, which can serve as the main component of a base coat to seal a porous base sheet, to which a top coat can be added to improve the base coat's performance. In such a base coat and top coat construction, the latex acts as a physical barrier, while polymers can be added, for example, to improve performance metrics such as Cobb and / or 3M-Kit values. Three critical attributes are required for an effective barrier coating: 1) it must prevent external elements (e.g., liquids / gases) from passing through the surfaces; 2) it must resist cracking when a substrate containing the coating is sharply bent (i.e., foldability); and 3) it must resist blocking. As shown in Figures 7(a)–(d), this can be illustrated by a pyramid. Currently, for typical polymer combinations, only two of these attributes can exhibit significant improvement at a time (Figures 7(b) and 7(c)); that is, if the barrier function is improved or modified, blocking or foldability is sacrificed. Ñ ​​<£ folding, all three are never maintained. As previously stated, polymer compositions with proven barrier properties demonstrate that good folding performance can be achieved; however, this positive property is accompanied by high tackiness, resulting in clogging. As shown in the present invention, it is not necessary to sacrifice clogging resistance to achieve good barrier / folding performance. In other words, the addition of SFAEs to polymers allows for the simultaneous achievement of the three critical attributes of a barrier coating (Figure 7(d)). In certain embodiments, the addition of SFAEs expands the range and variety of polymers suitable for use in barrier compositions. Furthermore, as the blocking effect is reduced, coatings containing higher percentages of polymers, including softer polymers, can be provided. In a related aspect, SFAEs function as a tack remover. Although not a polymer per se, as described herein, SFAEs have been found to help modify substrates containing barrier coatings comprising polymers. Without being theoretically tied to the concept, for example, polymer films can leave pores that allow water / water vapor to travel into the interstices of a porous substrate such as paper. SFAEs can fill these pores, and because SFAEs possess hydrophobic surfaces, the water / water vapor is repelled by the pores, thus improving the barrier function (e.g., Cobb). The combination works well and allows for effective barrier performance without blocking or negatively impacting foldability. In terms of modalities, the present description shows that when treating cellulosic materials with a combination of polymers and saccharide fatty acid esters, the > your NCNNCC The resulting material, among other things, can become strongly hydrophobic and exhibit low or no blocking, while maintaining good folding capacity. Furthermore, these saccharide fatty acid esters, for example, once broken down by bacterial enzymes, are readily digested as such. The derivatized surface exhibits high heat resistance, being able to withstand temperatures up to 250 °C, and can be more impermeable to gases than the underlying substrate. Therefore, the material is an ideal solution to the problem of derivatizing the hydrophilic surface of cellulose, in any application where cellulose materials can be used. The advantages of the products and methods described herein that use SFAEs include that the SFAE is made from renewable agricultural resources: saccharides and vegetable oils; it has a low toxicity profile and is suitable for food contact; it can be adjusted to reduce the coefficient of friction of the paper / board surface (i.e., it does not make the paper too slippery for further processing or end use), even with high levels of water resistance; it may or may not be used with special emulsifying equipment or emulsifying agents; and it is compatible with traditional paper recycling programs: i.e., it does not have an adverse impact on recycling operations, as polyethylene, polylactic acid, or wax-coated papers do. Other advantages for coating formulations include: - they are relatively easy to make; - the base coatings work well at high speeds with the desired coating weights; - Coatings can be run between 60 and 75% solids with viscosities that can be adjusted to the low side for blade coating: 220-350 cps; > your Ñ CNNCC 13 Ñ <£ - high solids point to lower dryer costs, including that the SFAEs did not negatively affect viscosity. Another advantage is that combinations of SFAEs with polymers show that, depending on process variables, including but not limited to temperature, pressure, and time, the adhesive properties of the combinations can be exploited to achieve the desired benefits. For example, this advantage allows for the determination and use of blocking indices of specific SFAE-polymer ratios to produce heat-sealable manufactured articles.In one aspect, a method is described for determining the degree of blocking of an SFAE-polymer combination that includes applying mixtures containing an SFAE and a polymer to coat a substrate surface, wherein the mixtures vary in SFAE-to-polymer ratios on a dry matter basis; contacting opposing coated substrate surfaces and / or contacting the coated substrate surface with an uncoated substrate at a range of temperatures and / or pressures for a selected period of time; and measuring the blocking resistance for the mixtures, wherein the blocking resistance delimits the blocking rate for a particular SFAE-to-polymer ratio. In a related aspect, the blocking rating further comprises comparing a composition containing no SFAE as a control, wherein the amount of said polymer on a dry matter basis in said control is the same.In another related aspect, the blocking degree defines the range of conditions under which the mixture will or will not adhere to an opposing coated surface or to an uncoated surface of the same substrate. In one respect, it also determines the effect on the barrier properties of mixtures classified as blocking. In modalities, a method is described for producing a heat-sealed manufactured article that includes applying a mixture with blocking capacity that > ​​your Ñ CNNCC The mixture comprises at least one SFAE and a polymer applied to a substrate surface to coat that surface; exposing the applied substrate to a first condition, wherein applied heat and pressure would result in the polymer adhering in the absence of the SFAE; collecting the exposed substrate; contacting a surface of the collected exposed substrate with an opposing surface of a separate collected exposed substrate or a surface of an uncoated substrate; and exposing the contacting surfaces to a second condition, wherein applied heat and pressure would result in the polymer adhering in the presence of the SFAE and forming a seal between the contacting surfaces. In a related aspect, the blocking mixture can be applied to partially coat the surface of a substrate.For example, only the surface exposed to the ambient atmosphere is coated with the blocking-rated mixture, or only the surface not exposed to the ambient atmosphere is coated with the blocking-rated mixture. In a related aspect, the blocking-rated mixture can be applied by masking or printing onto selected surfaces. In the relevant sections, a manufactured item that can be produced using the above method is described. As used herein, adhesion, including grammatical variations thereof, means the act of adhering to something. As used herein, bio-based means a material intentionally made from substances derived from living (or formerly living) organisms. In a related sense, material containing at least approximately 50% of such substances is considered bio-based. As used herein, to unite, including grammatical variations thereof, means to cohere or to make something cohere essentially as a single mass. > your NCNNCC 15 Ñ <£ As used herein, blocking, including grammatical variations thereof, means the tendency of two pieces of coated material (e.g., coated paper sheets) in close contact to stick together, which, in the case of paper sheets for example, may result in tearing or ripping of the sheets when they are pulled apart. As used here, blocking strength means the ability of a given material to resist the sticking effects of temperature, pressure, time, and humidity. ASTM D3354 or ASTM D918 specifications can be used to program the MAP-4 materials testing software to run a blocking strength test. The results reflect a material's ability to adhere to itself when separated.Samples may be rated from 0 to 5 according to the following scale: 5 = total blocking, papers completely inseparable; 4 = significant blocking, papers separate with difficulty and fibers break in the process; 3 = moderate blocking, papers separate with difficulty and there is damage to the coating and perhaps slight fiber tearing in the process; 2 = slight blocking, papers separate fairly easily, but the coating sticks enough to be noticeable; 1 = papers separate easily without damage to the coating, they may stick slightly near the edges; 0 = zero adhesion. In some modalities, the addition of SFAE reduces blocking from 5 to 0. As used herein, blocking index, including grammatical variations thereof, means the assigned blocking resistance score determined for a coating composition having a particular SFAE to polymer ratio. As used in this document, cellulosic means natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic materials that can be molded or extruded into objects (by > you NCNN (e.g., bags, sheets) or films or filaments, which can be used to manufacture such objects or films or filaments, which are structurally and functionally similar to cellulose, e.g., coatings and adhesives (e.g., carboxymethylcellulose). In another example, cellulose, a complex carbohydrate (C6H10O5)n composed of glucose units, which forms the main component of the cell wall in most plants, is cellulosic. As used herein, clamping pressure means the amount of force in kilograms per square centimeter (kg / cm2) applied to two or more surfaces by a clamp, band, or brace used to hold the two or more surfaces together. As used herein, clamping time means the amount of time clamping pressure is applied to two or more surfaces. As used in this document, coating weight is the weight of a material (wet or dry) applied to a substrate. It is expressed in pounds per specified ream or grams per square meter. As used in this document, Cobb value means the water absorption (weight of water per unit area) of a sample. The procedure for determining the Cobb value is carried out in accordance with TAPPI Standard 441-om. The Cobb value is calculated by subtracting the initial sample weight from the final sample weight and then dividing by the sample area covered by water. The reported value represents grams of water absorbed per square meter of paper. As used herein, compostable means that these solid products are biodegradable in the soil. As used herein, stickiness eliminator means a chemical process that reduces the stickiness of other substances. As used herein, delimit, including > your NCNNCC Ñ ​​<£ grammatical variations of the same, means marking the limits of a range. As used herein, edge absorption means the absorption of water into a paper structure at the outer boundary of that structure by one or more mechanisms, including, but not limited to, capillary penetration into the pores between fibers, diffusion through fibers and bonds, and surface diffusion over the fibers. In a related aspect, the coating containing saccharide fatty acid ester as described herein prevents edge absorption in treated products. In one aspect, there is a similar problem with grease / oil ingress wrinkles that may be present in paper or paper products. Such a grease wrinkling effect can be defined as the sorption of grease into a paper structure that is created by folding, pressing, or crushing that paper structure. As used in this document, effect, including grammatical variations thereof, means to impart a particular property to a specific material. As used in this document, hydrophobic means a substance that does not attract water. For example, waxes, rosins, resins, fatty acid saccharide esters, dikethenes, lacquers, vinyl acetates, PLA, PEI, oils, greases, lipids, other water-repellent chemicals, or combinations thereof are hydrophobic. As used in this document, hydrophobicity means the property of being water-repellent, that tends to repel rather than absorb water. As used in this document, lipid resistance or lipophobicity means the property of being lipid-repellent, tending to repel rather than absorb lipids, fats, greases, and the like. Relatedly, grease resistance can be measured using a 3M KIT test or a TAPPI T559 Kit test. As used herein, polymer means a compound > you NCNN chemical or a mixture of compounds formed by polymerization and consisting essentially of repeating structural units. As used herein, 'cellulose-containing material' or 'cellulose-based material' means a composition consisting essentially of cellulose. For example, such material may include, but is not limited to, paper, sheets of paper, cardboard, paper pulp, a food storage box, parchment paper, cake board, butcher paper, non-stick paper / lining, a food storage bag, a shopping bag, a carrier bag, a bacon tray, insulating material, tea bags, coffee or tea containers, a compost bag, an eating utensil, a hot or cold beverage container, a cup, a lid, a plate, a carbonated liquid storage bottle, gift cards, a non-carbonated liquid storage bottle, food wrap, a garbage disposal container, a food handling implement, a fabric fiber (e.g.,cotton or cotton blends), a device for storing and transporting water, alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverages, an outer casing or screen for electronic products, an indoor or outdoor piece of furniture, a curtain, and upholstery. As used herein, release paper means a sheet of paper used to prevent a sticky surface from prematurely adhering to an adhesive or putty. In one respect, the coatings described herein can be used to replace or reduce the use of silicon or other coatings to produce a material having a low surface energy. The determination of surface energy can be easily achieved by measuring the contact angle (e.g., optical tensor and / or high-pressure chamber; Dyne Testing, Staffordshire, UK) or by using surface energy testing pens or inks (see, for example, Dyne Testing, Staffordshire, UK). As used herein, 'releasable with reference to SFAE' means that the SFAE coating, once applied, can be removed from the cellulose-based material (e.g., by manipulating its physical properties). As used herein, 'non-releasable with reference to SFAE' means that the SFAE coating, once applied, bonds substantially and irreversibly to the cellulose-based material (e.g., it can be removed by chemical means). As used herein, "spongy" means a solid, airy material that has the appearance of raw cotton or a polystyrene foam peanut. In the embodiments, the spongy material may be made of nanocellulose fibers (e.g., MFCs), cellulose nanocrystals, and / or cellulose filaments and saccharide fatty acid esters, wherein the resulting fibers, filaments, or crystals are hydrophobic (and dispersible) and may be used in composite materials (e.g., concretes, plastics, and the like). As used herein, fibers in solution or pulp means a lignocellulosic fibrous material prepared by chemically or mechanically separating cellulose fibers from wood, fiber crops, or waste paper. In a related aspect, when cellulose fibers are treated by the methods described herein, the cellulose fibers themselves contain saccharide fatty acid esters bound as separate entities, and where the bound cellulose fibers have separate and distinct properties from the free fibers (e.g., material bound to saccharide fatty acid ester of cellulose pulp or cellulose fiber or nanocellulose or microfibrillate would not form hydrogen bonds between fibers as readily as unbound fibers). As used in this document, repulpable means to manufacture a product > your Ñ CNNCC 20 Ñ <£ of paper or board suitable for shredding into a soft, shapeless pulp for reuse in the production of paper or board. As used in this document, tunable, including grammatical variations thereof, means to adjust or adapt a process to achieve a particular result. As used herein, tackiness means the occurrence of a defect in an applied coating that possesses a slight stickiness when touched. Such a property can be tested using an inverted probe machine (ASTM D2979). As used in this document, water contact angle means the angle measured across a liquid where a liquid / vapor interface meets a solid surface. It quantifies the wettability of the solid surface by the liquid. The contact angle reflects the intensity with which liquid and solid molecules interact with each other, relative to the intensity with which each interacts with its own class. On many highly hydrophilic surfaces, water droplets will exhibit contact angles of 0° to 30°. Generally, if the water contact angle is greater than 90°, the solid surface is considered hydrophobic. The water contact angle can be easily obtained using an optical tensiometer (see, for example, Dyne Testing, Staffordshire, UK). As used in this document, water vapor permeability means breathability or the ability of a textile to transfer moisture. There are at least two different measurement methods. One, the MVTR (Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate) test according to ISO 15496, describes the water vapor permeability (WVP) of a fabric and thus the degree to which perspiration is transported to the outside air. The measurements determine how many grams of moisture (water vapor) > your Ñ CNNCC Ñ ​​<£ pass through one square meter of fabric in 24 hours (the higher the level, the greater the breathability). In one respect, the TAPPI T 530 Hercules size test (i.e., the paper size test by ink resistance) can be used to determine water resistance. Ink resistance by the Hercules method is best classified as a direct measurement test for the degree of penetration. Others classify it as a penetration rate test. There is no single best test for measuring size. The selection of the test depends on the end use and mill control requirements. This method is particularly well-suited for use as a mill control sizing test to accurately detect changes in sizing level. It offers the sensitivity of the ink float test while providing reproducible results, shorter test times, and automatic endpoint determination. Sizing, measured by the paper's resistance to the penetration or absorption of aqueous liquids, is an important characteristic of many papers. Typical examples include bags, cardboard, butcher's wrappers, writing paper, and some printing papers. This method can be used to control the production of paper or board for specific end uses, provided an acceptable correlation has been established between the test values ​​and the paper's end-use performance. Due to the nature of the test and the penetrant, it will not necessarily correlate sufficiently to be applicable to all end-use requirements. This method measures size according to the penetration rate. Other methods measure size by surface contact, surface penetration, or absorption. Size tests are selected based on their ability to simulate the contact or absorption media with water in the end use. This method can also be used to optimize the costs of sizing chemicals. As used in this document, oxygen permeability means the degree to which a polymer allows the passage of a gas or fluid. The oxygen permeability (Dk) of a material is a function of diffusivity (D) (i.e., the rate at which oxygen molecules pass through the material) and solubility (k) (or the number of oxygen molecules absorbed, per volume, in the material). Oxygen permeability (Dk) values ​​are typically within the range of 10–150 x 10⁻¹¹ (cm² mi O₂) / (s mi mmHg). A semi-logarithmic relationship has been demonstrated between hydrogel water content and oxygen permeability (Unit: Barrer unit). The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has specified permeability using the SI unit hectopascal (hPa) for pressure. Therefore, Dk = 10⁻¹¹ (cm² mi O₂) / (s mi hPa). The Barrer unit can be converted to the hPa unit by multiplying it by the constant 0.75. As used in this document, biodegradable, including grammatical variations thereof, means that it can be broken down especially into harmless products by the action of living things (e.g., by microorganisms). As used in this document, recyclable, including grammatical variations thereof, means a material that is treatable or can be processed (with used and / or waste items) to make such material suitable for reuse. As used here, latex means a stable dispersion (emulsion) of polymer microparticles in an aqueous medium. It occurs naturally, but synthetic latexes can be manufactured by polymerizing a monomer such as styrene that has been emulsified with surfactants. Latex found in nature is a > your Ñ CNN DC Ñ ​​<£ milky liquid found in 10% of all flowering plants (angiosperms). It is a complex emulsion consisting of proteins, alkaloids, starches, sugars, oils, tannins, resins, and gums that coagulate upon exposure to air. As used herein, filler means finely divided white mineral (or pigment) added to papermaking supplies to improve the optical and physical properties of the sheet. The particles fill the spaces and crevices between the fibers, producing a sheet with increased brightness, opacity, smoothness, gloss, and printability, but generally reduced adhesion and tear resistance. Common fillers for papermaking include clay (kaolin, bentonite), calcium carbonate (both GCC and PCC), talc (magnesium silicate), and titanium dioxide. As used in this document, Gurley's second or number The Gurley number is a unit that describes the number of seconds required for 100 cubic centimeters (deciliters) of air to pass through 6.45 square centimeters of a given material at a pressure difference of 12.4 centimeters of water (0.012 kg / cm²) (ISO 5636-5: 2003) (Porosity). Additionally, for stiffness, the Gurley number is a unit for a vertically held piece of material that measures the force required to deflect that material a specified amount (1 milligram of force). These values ​​can be measured using a device from Gurley Precision Instruments (Troy, New Jersey). York). HLB: The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of a surfactant is a measure of the degree to which it is hydrophilic or lipophilic, determined by calculating values ​​for different regions of the molecule. Griffin's method for nonionic surfactants as described in > your CNN DC Ñ ​​<£ 1954 works as follows: HLB = 20 * Mf / M where M is the molecular mass of the hydrophilic portion of the molecule, and M is the molecular mass of the complete molecule, giving a result on a scale of 0 to 20. A value An HLB value of 0 corresponds to a completely lipophilic / hydrophobic molecule, and a value of 20 corresponds to a completely hydrophilic / lipophobic molecule. The HLB value can be used to predict the surfactant properties of a molecule: <10: lipid-soluble (insoluble in water) >10: water-soluble (insoluble in lipids) 1.5 to 3: antifoaming agent to 6: W / O (water in oil) emulsifier to 9: wetting and spreading agent to 15: detergent to 16: O / W (oil in water) emulsifier to 18: solubilizer or hydrotrope In some embodiments, the HLB values ​​for saccharide fatty acid esters (or compositions comprising such esters) as described herein may be in the lower range. In other embodiments, the HLB values ​​for saccharide fatty acid esters (or compositions comprising such esters) as described herein may be in the middle to upper range. In some embodiments, the SFAE mixture with different HLB values ​​may be used. As used herein, SEFOSE® indicates a fatty acid sucrose ester made from soybean oil (soyate) that is available > your Ñ CNNCC Commercially available from Procter & Gamble Chemicals (Cincinnati, OH) under the trade name SEFOSE 1618U (see sucrose polyisoylate below), which contains one or more unsaturated fatty acids. As used herein, OLEAN® denotes a sucrose fatty acid ester available from Procter & Gamble Chemicals having the formula Cn+i2H2n+22Oi3, wherein all fatty acids are saturated. As used in this document, soyate means a mixture of fatty acid salts of soybean oil. As used in this document, oilseed fatty acids means fatty acids from plants, including but not limited to soybeans, peanuts, rapeseed, barley, canola, sesame seeds, cottonseed, palm kernels, grape seeds, olives, safflower, sunflowers, copra, corn, coconuts, flaxseed, hazelnuts, wheat, rice, potatoes, cassava, pulses, camelina seeds, mustard seeds, and combinations thereof. As used herein, wet strength means the measure of how well the web of fibers holding the paper together can resist a breaking force when the paper is wet. Wet strength can be measured using a Finch wet strength device from Thwing-Albert Instrument Company (West Berlin, New Jersey). Wet strength is typically achieved through wet strength additives such as kymene, cationic glyoxylated resins, polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin resins, polyamine-epichlorohydrin resins, and epoxy resins. In some embodiments, the cellulose-based material coated with SFAE as described herein produces such wet strength in the absence of such additives. As used herein, humid means covered or saturated with water or other liquid. > your NCNNCC In embodiments, a process as described herein includes mixing a latex with a saccharide fatty acid ester to form an aqueous coating and applying said coating to a cellulosic material, wherein said process optionally comprises exposing the contacting cellulose-based material to heat, radiation, a catalyst, or a combination thereof for a time sufficient to bond the coating to the cellulose-based material. In a related aspect, said radiation may include, but is not limited to, UV, IR, visible light, or a combination thereof. In another related aspect, the reaction may be carried out at room temperature (i.e., 25°C) to about 150°C, from about 50°C to about 100°C, or from about 60°C to about 80°C.Furthermore, the resulting surface of the cellulosic material will exhibit a lower Cobb value compared to a cellulosic material surface not treated in this way. As described herein, fatty acid esters of all saccharides, including mono-, disaccharides, and trisaccharides, are suitable for use in connection with this aspect of the present invention. In a related aspect, the saccharide fatty acid ester may be a mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, or octaester, and combinations thereof, including that the fatty acid moieties may be saturated, unsaturated, or a combination thereof. Although not limited by theory, the interaction between the saccharide fatty acid ester and the cellulose-based material can be ionic, hydrophobic, van der Waals, or covalent, or a combination thereof. In a related aspect, the fatty acid saccharide ester bonding to the cellulose-based material is substantially irreversible (e.g., using a SFAE comprising a combination of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids). Furthermore, at a sufficient concentration, the binding of the fatty acid ester > your Ñ CNNCC 27 Ñ <£ of saccharide alone is sufficient to make the cellulose-based material hydrophobic: i.e., hydrophobicity is achieved in the absence of the addition of waxes, rosins, resins, diketene, lacquers, vinyl acetates, PLA, PEI, oils, other water-repellent chemicals or combinations thereof (i.e., secondary hydrophobes), including that other properties such as, among others, strengthening, stiffness and bulking of the cellulose-based material are achieved by binding of fatty acid ester of saccharide alone. An advantage of the present invention is that several fatty acid chains are reactive with cellulose and with the two saccharide molecules in the structure. For example, the sucrose-fatty acid esters described herein result in a rigid crosslinking network, leading to improved strength in fibrous webs such as paper, cardboard, nonwoven fabrics exposed to air and moisture, and textiles. This is not typically found in other hydrophobic treatment or sizing chemistries. The saccharide fatty acid esters described herein also generate / enhance wet strength, a property absent when using many other water-resistant chemistries. Another advantage is that saccharide fatty acid esters like those described soften the fibers, increasing the space between them and thus increasing volume without substantially increasing weight. Furthermore, the modified fibers and cellulose-based materials described herein can be repulped. Additionally, for example, water cannot easily penetrate the sheet's low surface energy barrier. Saturated SFAEs are typically solids at nominal processing temperatures, while unsaturated SFAEs are typically liquids. This allows for the formation of uniform and stable dispersions of saturated SFAE at > you NCNN aqueous coatings without significant interactions or incompatibilities with other coating components, which are typically hydrophilic. Furthermore, this dispersion allows for the preparation of high concentrations of saturated SFAE without adversely affecting the coating's rheology, uniform application, or performance characteristics. The coating surface will become hydrophobic when the saturated SFAE particles melt and spread upon heating, drying, and consolidation of the coating layer. A method for producing bulky fibrous structures that retain strength even when exposed to water is described in one of the modalities. Generally, fibrous suspensions that dry form dense structures that readily decompose upon exposure to water.Fiber-formed products made using the described method may include paper plates, beverage holders (e.g., cups), lids, food trays, and containers that would be lightweight, strong, and resistant to exposure to water and other liquids. In some formulations, saccharide esters of fatty acids can be blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PvOH) to produce sizing agents for water-resistant coatings. As described herein, a synergistic relationship between saccharide fatty acid esters and PvOH has been demonstrated, including the fact that with inorganic blends, the amount of PvOH can be reduced. While it is known in the art that PvOH is itself a good film former and forms strong hydrogen bonds with cellulose, it is not very water-resistant, particularly to hot water. In some respects, the use of PvOH helps to emulsify the saccharide fatty acid esters in an aqueous coating. In one respect, PvOH provides a rich source of OH groups for the saccharide fatty acid esters to crosslink along the fibers, thereby increasing the paper's strength, for example, particularly wet strength and water resistance. you NCNN beyond what is possible with PvOH alone. For fatty acid esters of saturated saccharides with free hydroxyls on the saccharide, a crosslinking agent such as a dialdehyde (e.g., glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, and the like) can also be used. In these embodiments, the saccharide fatty acid esters comprise or consist essentially of sucrose esters of fatty acids. Many methods for preparing or otherwise providing the saccharide fatty acid esters of the present invention are known and available, and it is believed that all such methods are available for use within the broad scope of the present invention. For example, in certain embodiments, it may be preferable for the fatty acid esters to be synthesized by esterifying a saccharide with one or more fatty acid residues obtained from oilseeds, including, but not limited to, soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil, and mixtures thereof. In these forms, saccharide fatty acid esters comprise a saccharide moiety, including, but not limited to, a sucrose moiety, which has been substituted by an ester moiety at one or more of its hydroxyl hydrogens. In a related aspect, disaccharide esters have the structure of Formula I. Formula I where A is hydrogen or Structure I below: > your Ñ CNN DC Ñ ​​<£ Structure I where R is a linear, branched, or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic residue of approximately eight to approximately 40 carbon atoms, and where at least one A is at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, and the eight A residues of Formula are in accordance with Structure I. In a related aspect, saccharide fatty acid esters as described herein may be mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, or octaesters, and combinations thereof, wherein the aliphatic groups may all be saturated or may contain saturated and / or unsaturated groups or combinations thereof. Suitable R groups include any form of aliphatic residue, including those containing one or more substituents, which can appear on any carbon of the residue. Also included are aliphatic residues that incorporate functional groups within the residue, such as ethers, esters, thio groups, amino groups, phospho groups, or similar groups. Aliphatic residues of oligomers and polymers, such as sorbitan, polysorbitan, and polyalcohol residues, are also included. Examples of functional groups that can be attached to the aliphatic (or aromatic) residue comprising the R group include, but are not limited to, halogen, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, ether, and ester functional groups. In one respect, such residues can have crosslinking functionalities. In another respect, the SFAE can crosslink with a surface (e.g., activated clay / pigment particles). In yet another respect, the double bonds present in the SFAE can be used to facilitate reactions on other surfaces. > you NCNN Suitable disaccharides include raffinose, maltodextrose, galactose, sucrose, combinations of glucose, combinations of fructose, maltose, lactose, combinations of mannose, combinations of erythrose, isomaltose, isomaltulose, trehalose, cellobiose, laminaribose, and combinations thereof. In some forms, the substrate for the addition of fatty acids may include starches, hemicelluloses, lignins, or combinations thereof. In the embodiments, a composition comprises a starch fatty acid ester, wherein the starch can be derived from any suitable source such as dent corn starch, waxy corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, rice starch, sago starch, tapioca starch, sorghum starch, sweet potato starch, and mixtures thereof. In more detail, starch can be unmodified starch or starch that has been modified by a chemical, physical, or enzymatic modification. Chemical modification includes any treatment of starch with a chemical that results in a modified starch (e.g., plastidry material). Chemical modification includes, but is not limited to, starch depolymerization, starch oxidation, starch reduction, starch etherification, starch esterification, starch nitrification, starch defatting, starch hydrophobization, and similar processes. Chemically modified starches can also be prepared using a combination of any of these chemical treatments.Examples of chemically modified starches include the reaction of alkenyl succinic anhydride, particularly octenyl succinic anhydride, with starch to produce a hydrophobic esterified starch; the reaction of 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride with starch to produce a cationic starch; the reaction of ethylene oxide with starch to produce hydroxyethyl > tu Ñ CNNC C. Ñ ​​<£ starch; the reaction of hypochlorite with starch to produce an oxidized starch; the reaction of an acid with starch to produce an acid-depolymerized starch; defatting of a starch with a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like, to produce a defatted starch. Physically modified starches are all starches that are physically treated in any way to produce physically modified starches. Physical modification includes, but is not limited to, heat treatment of starch in the presence of water, heat treatment of starch in the absence of water, fracturing of the starch granule by any mechanical means, pressure treatment of starch to melt the starch granules, and similar methods. Physically modified starches can also be prepared using a combination of any of these physical treatments.Examples of physically modified starches include heat treating starch in an aqueous environment to cause starch granules to swell without bursting; heat treating anhydrous starch granules to induce polymer transposition; fragmenting starch granules by mechanical disintegration; and pressure treating starch granules by means of an extruder to cause starch granule melting. Enzymatically modified starches are starches that are enzymatically treated in any way to produce enzyme-modified starches. Enzymatic modification includes, but is not limited to, the reaction of an alpha-amylase with starch, the reaction of a protease with starch, the reaction of a lipase with starch, the reaction of a phosphorylase with starch, the reaction of an oxidase with starch, and similar reactions. Modified starches > your Ñ CNNCC Enzymatically modified starches can be prepared using a combination of any of the following enzymatic treatments. Examples of enzymatic modification of starch include the reaction of alpha-amylase enzyme with starch to produce depolymerized starch; the reaction of alpha-amylase debranching enzyme with starch to produce debranched starch; the reaction of a protease enzyme with starch to produce starch with reduced protein content; the reaction of a lipase enzyme with starch to produce starch with reduced lipid content; the reaction of a phosphorylase enzyme with starch to produce enzyme-modified phosphorylated starch; and the reaction of an oxidase enzyme with starch to produce enzyme-oxidized starch. Fatty acid esters of disaccharides can be fatty acid esters and sucrose according to Formula I in which the R groups are aliphatic and are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated and have between approximately 8 and approximately 40 carbon atoms. As used in this document, the terms saccharide fatty acid esters and sucrose fatty acid esters include compositions having different degrees of purity as well as mixtures of compounds of any purity level. For example, the saccharide fatty acid ester compound may be a substantially pure material, i.e., it may comprise a compound having a given number of A groups substituted by a single species of Structure I residue (i.e., all R groups are the same and all sucrose residues are substituted to the same degree). It also includes a composition comprising a mixture of two or more saccharide fatty acid ester compounds, differing in their degrees of substitution, but in which all substituents have the same R group structure. It also includes compositions that are a mixture of compounds having > you NCNN different degrees of substitution of group A, and in which the substituent residues of group R are selected independently from two or more R groups of Structure I. In a related aspect, the R groups may be the same or may be different, including that said fatty acid saccharide esters in a composition may be the same or may be different (i.e., a mixture of different fatty acid saccharide esters). For the compositions of the present invention, the composition may comprise saccharide fatty acid ester compounds having a high degree of substitution. In some embodiments, the saccharide fatty acid ester is a sucrose polyisoylate. A sucrose polyisoylate (SEFOSE® 1618U) Fatty acid esters of saccharides can be prepared by esterification with substantially pure fatty acids using known esterification processes. They can also be prepared by transesterification using esters. Ñ ​​<£ species, which have R group structures reflecting that soybean oil comprises 26% by weight of oleic acid triglycerides (H3C-CH2]7-CH=CH-[CH2]7C(O)OH), 49% by weight of linoleic acid triglycerides (H3C-[CH2]3-[-CH2-CH=CH]2-[CH2-]7-C(O)OH), 11% by weight of linolenic acid triglycerides (H3C-[-CH2—CH=CH-]3[-CH2-]7-C(O)OH), and 14% by weight of triglycerides of various saturated fatty acids, as described in the seventh ed. of the Merck Index, which is incorporated herein by reference. All these fatty acid residues are represented in the R groups of the substituents in the resulting fatty acid sucrose ester. Consequently, when a fatty acid sucrose ester is referred to herein as the product of a reaction employing a fatty acid feedstock derived from a natural source, e.g., soybean meal, the term is intended to include all the various constituents typically found as a consequence of the source from which the fatty acid ester and sucrose are prepared. In a related aspect, fatty acid saccharide esters as described may exhibit low viscosity (e.g., between approximately 10 and 2000 centipoise at room temperature or under standard atmospheric pressure). In another aspect, unsaturated fatty acids may have one, two, three, or more double bonds. In embodiments of the present invention, the saccharide fatty acid ester, and in some aspects the disaccharide ester, is formed from fatty acids having more than approximately 6 carbon atoms, from approximately 8 to 16 carbon atoms, from approximately 8 to approximately 18 carbon atoms, from approximately 14 to approximately 18 carbon atoms, from approximately 16 to approximately 18 carbon atoms, from approximately 16 to approximately 20 carbon atoms, and from approximately 20 to approximately 40 carbon atoms, on average. > you NCNN In some formulations, saccharide fatty acid esters can be present in different concentrations to achieve non-stick properties or as a means of adjusting the adhesive properties of the polymer. In one aspect, when a saccharide fatty acid ester (SFAE) is blended with a polymer, the SFAE can be present at approximately 0.1% to approximately 1%, 1% to approximately 5%, approximately 5% to approximately 10%, approximately 20%, approximately 30%, approximately 40%, approximately 50%, approximately 60%, approximately 70%, approximately 80%, approximately 90%, approximately 95%, and approximately 99% of the blend on a dry matter basis. In a related aspect, the polymer can be present at approximately 0.1% to approximately 1%, 1% to approximately 5%, approximately 5% to approximately 10%, approximately 20%, approximately 30%, approximately 40%, approximately 50%, approximately 60%, approximately 70%, approximately 80%, approximately 90%, approximately 95%, or approximately 99% of the mixture on a dry matter basis. In various forms, the polymer includes, but is not limited to, PvOH, starch, styrene-butadiene latex, styrene-acrylate latex, carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex, oligomer-stabilized styrene-acrylic copolymer latex, surfactant-stabilized styrene-acrylic copolymer latex, polyvinyl acetates, ethylene-vinyl acetates, acrylics, and combinations thereof. In one aspect, the SFAE and polymer composition does not include other tack removers. In the modalities, cellulose-based material includes, but is not limited to, paper, cardboard, paper sheets, paper pulp, cups, boxes, trays, lids, release papers / liners, compost bags, shopping bags, shipping bags, bacon boards, tea bags, insulation material, coffee or tea containers, water pipes and conduits, cutlery, plates, and quality disposable bottles > your NCNNCC Food-grade materials, screens for televisions and mobile devices, clothing (e.g., cotton or cotton blends), bandages, pressure-sensitive labels, pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, feminine hygiene products and medical devices for use on or inside the body, such as contraceptives, drug delivery devices, containers for pharmaceutical materials (e.g., pills, tablets, suppositories, gels, etc.), and the like. Furthermore, the described coating technology can be used on furniture and upholstery, items requiring extended weather resistance, outdoor camping equipment, and the like. In one respect, the coatings as described herein are resistant to pH in the range of approximately 3 to approximately 9. In a related respect, the pH may be from approximately 3 to approximately 4, approximately 4 to approximately 5, approximately 5 to approximately 7, approximately 7 to approximately 9. In the modalities, an alkanoic acid derivative is mixed with a saccharide fatty acid ester to form an emulsion, wherein the emulsion is used to treat the cellulose-based material. In the embodiments, the saccharide fatty acid ester may be an emulsifying agent and may comprise a mixture of one or more mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, or octaesters. In another aspect, the fatty acid moiety of the saccharide fatty acid ester may contain saturated groups, unsaturated groups, or a combination thereof. In one aspect, the emulsion containing saccharide fatty acid ester may contain proteins, polysaccharides, and / or lipids, including, but not limited to, milk proteins (e.g., casein, whey protein, and the like), wheat gluten, gelatins, prolamins (e.g., corn zein), soy protein isolates, starches, acetylated polysaccharides, alginates, carrageenans, chitosans, inulins, and other fatty acids. Ñ ​​<£ long-chain fatty acids, waxes and combinations thereof. In various forms, saccharide fatty acid ester emulsifiers as described herein can be used to carry coatings or other chemicals used in papermaking, including, but not limited to, agalite, esters, diesters, ethers, ketones, amides, nitriles, aromatics (e.g., xylenes, toluenes), acid halides, anhydrides, alkyl ketene dimer (AKD), alabaster, alganic acid, alum, albarine, glues, barium carbonate, barium sulfate, chlorine dioxide, dolomite, diethylenetriamine pentaacetate, EDTA, enzymes, formamidine, sulfuric acid, guar gum, gypsum, lime, magnesium bisulfate, lime slurry, milk of magnesia, polyvinyl alcohol (PvOH), rosin, rosin soaps, satins, soaps / fatty acids, sodium bisulfate, soda ash, titania, surfactants, starches, modified starches, hydrocarbon resins, polymers, waxes, polysaccharides, proteins, latex and combinations thereof.In some forms, the described mixture may contain one or more SFAE and one or more of the following inorganic particles: clay (kaolin, bentonite), calcium carbonate (both GCC and PCC), talc (magnesium silicate), and titanium dioxide. In one aspect, the cellulose-containing material produced by the methods described herein exhibits greater hydrophobicity, or water resistance, compared to the untreated cellulose-containing material. In a related aspect, the treated cellulose-containing material exhibits greater lipophobicity, or fat resistance, compared to the untreated cellulose-containing material. In an additional related aspect, the treated cellulose-containing material may be biodegradable, compostable, and / or recyclable. In one aspect, the treated cellulose-containing material is both hydrophobic (water-resistant) and lipophobic (fat-resistant). In some forms, the treated cellulose-containing material may have > you NCNN improved mechanical properties compared to the same untreated material. For example, paper bags treated by the process described herein exhibit increased burst strength, Gurley number, tensile strength, and / or maximum load energy. In one aspect, burst strength increases by a factor of approximately 0.5 to 1.0 times, approximately 1.0 to 1.1 times, approximately 1.1 to 1.3 times, and approximately 1.3 to 1.5 times. In another aspect, the Gurley number increases by a factor of approximately 3 to 4 times, approximately 4 to 5 times, approximately 5 to 6 times, and approximately 6 to 7 times. In yet another aspect, tensile strain increases by a factor of approximately 0.5 to 1.0 times, approximately 1.0 to 1.1 times, approximately 1.1 to 1.2 times, and approximately 1.2 to 1.3 times.And in another aspect, the maximum charging energy increased by a factor of approximately 1.0 to 1.1 times, approximately 1.1 to 1.2 times, approximately 1.2 to 1.3 times, and approximately 1.3 to 1.4 times. In certain embodiments, the cellulose-containing material is a base paper comprising microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) or cellulose nanofiber (CNF) as described, for example, in US Publication No. 2015 / 0167243 (incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), wherein the MFC or CNF is added during the forming and papermaking process and / or is added as a coating or secondary layer to a previously formed layer to decrease the porosity of said base paper. In a related aspect, the base paper is contacted with the saccharide fatty acid ester as described above. In a further related aspect, the contacted base paper is further contacted with a polyvinyl alcohol (PvOH). In the embodiments, the resulting contacted base paper is > you NCNN tunable water and lipid resistant. In a related aspect, the resulting base paper may exhibit a Gurley value of at least approximately 10-15 (i.e., Gurley air resistance (sec / 100 cc, 20 oz. cyl.)), or at least approximately 100, at least approximately 200 to approximately 350. In one aspect, the saccharide fatty acid ester coating may be a laminate for one or more layers, or may provide one or more layers as a laminate, or may reduce the amount of coating for one or more layers to achieve the same performance effect (e.g., water resistance, grease resistance, and the like). In a related aspect, the laminate may comprise a biodegradable and / or compostable adhesive or heat seal. In some formulations, saccharide fatty acid esters can be expressed as emulsions, where the emulsifying agent of choice and the amount used are dictated by the nature of the composition and the agent's ability to facilitate the dispersion of the saccharide fatty acid ester. Emulsifying agents may include, among others, water, buffers, polyvinyl alcohol (PvOH), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), latex, milk proteins, wheat gluten, gelatins, prolamins, soy protein isolates, starches, acetylated polysaccharides, alginates, carrageenans, chitosans, inulins, long-chain fatty acids, waxes, agar, glycerol, gums, lecithins, poloxamers, mono- and diglycerols, monosodium phosphates, monostearate, propylene glycols, detergents, cetyl alcohol, and combinations thereof. In another aspect, the proportions of saccharide ester: emulsifying agent can be approximately 0.1:99.9, approximately 1:99, approximately 10:90, approximately 20:80, approximately 35:65, approximately 40:60, and approximately 50:50. It will be evident to an expert in the technique that the proportions can be varied depending on the property > your Ñ CNNC C. Ñ ​​<£ or desired properties for the final product. In various forms, saccharide fatty acid esters can be combined with one or more coating components for internal and surface bonding (alone or in combination), including, but not limited to, pigments (e.g., clay, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, plastic pigment), binders (e.g., starch, soy protein, polymers, latexes, polymeric emulsions, PvOH) and additives (e.g., glyoxal, glyoxal resins, zirconium salts, calcium stearate, lecithin oleate, polyethylene emulsion, carboxymethylcellulose, acrylic polymers, alginates, polyacrylate gums, polyacrylates, microbicides, oil-based antifoams, silicone-based antifoams, stilbenes, direct dyes and acid dyes). In a related aspect, these components can provide one or more properties, including, but not limited to, the construction of a fine porous structure, providing a light-scattering surface,Improving ink receptivity, enhancing gloss, binding pigment particles, binding coatings to paper, reinforcing the base sheet, filling pores in the pigment structure, reducing water sensitivity, resisting wet puncture in offset printing, preventing knife scratching, improving gloss in supercalendering, reducing dust, adjusting coating viscosity, providing water retention, dispersing pigments, maintaining coating dispersion, preventing coating deterioration / color fading, controlling foaming, reducing trapped air and coating craters, increasing whiteness and brightness, and controlling color and shade. It will be evident to a technically skilled user that the combinations can be varied depending on the desired property or properties of the final product. In terms of modalities, the methods that employ these acid esters > your Ñ CNNCC Fatty saccharides can be used to reduce the cost of primary / secondary coating applications (e.g., silicone-based coating, starch-based coating, clay-based coating, PLA coating, PEI coating, and the like) by providing a layer of material that exhibits a required property (e.g., water resistance, low surface energy, and the like), thereby reducing the amount of primary / secondary coating needed to achieve the same property. In one aspect, materials can be coated over a layer of SFAE (e.g., heat-sealing agents). In other modalities, the composition is free of fluorocarbons and silicone. In some forms, the compositions increase both the mechanical and thermal stability of the treated product. Specifically, the surface treatment is thermostable at temperatures between approximately -100°C and approximately 300°C. In another related aspect, the surface of the cellulose-based material exhibits a water contact angle of between approximately 60° and approximately 120°. Furthermore, the surface treatment is chemically stable at temperatures between approximately 200°C and approximately 300°C. The substrate, which can be dried prior to application (e.g., to approximately 80–150°C), can be treated with the modifying composition by immersion, for example, and allowing the surface to be exposed to the composition for less than 1 second. The substrate can then be heated to dry the surface, after which the modified material is ready for use. In one respect, according to the method described herein, the substrate can be treated by any suitable coating / sizing process typically carried out in a paper mill (see, for example, Smook, G., Surface Treatments in Handbook for Pulp & Paper Technologists, (2016), 4th ed., Chapter 18, pp. 293–309). Ñ ​​<£ Press, Peachtree Corners, GA USA, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). No special material preparation is necessary to implement this invention, although for some applications, the material may be dried prior to treatment. In the embodiments described, the methods can be used on any cellulose-based surface, including, but not limited to, film, rigid containers, fibers, pulp, fabric, or the like.In one respect, fatty acid esters of saccharides or coating agents can be applied by conventional gluing press (vertical, inclined, horizontal), gate roller gluing press, calibrating dosing press, calender gluing application, tube gluing, in-machine, out-of-machine, single-sided coating, double-sided coating, short-duration, simultaneous double-sided coating, knife or rod coating, gravure coating, gravure printing, flexographic printing, inkjet printing, laser printing, supercalendering, and combinations thereof. Depending on the source, cellulose can be paper, cardboard, pulp, softwood fiber, hardwood fiber or combinations thereof, nanocellulose, cellulose nanofibers, whiskers or microfibrils, microfibrillated, cotton or cotton blends, other non-wood fibers (such as sisal, jute or hemp, flax and straw), cellulose nanocrystals or nanofibrillated cellulose. In some embodiments, the amount of saccharin fatty acid ester coating applied is sufficient to completely cover at least one surface of a cellulose-containing material. For example, in some embodiments, the saccharin fatty acid ester coating may be applied to the entire outer surface of a container, the entire inner surface of a container, or a combination thereof, or to one or both sides of a backing paper. In other embodiments, the entire top surface of a film may be coated with the saccharin fatty acid ester coating, or the > you The entire underside surface of a film may be coated with the saccharide fatty acid ester coating, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the lumen of a device / instrument may be coated, or the outer surface of the device / instrument may be coated, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the amount of saccharide fatty acid ester coating applied is sufficient to partially coat at least one surface of a cellulose-containing material. For example, only surfaces exposed to the ambient atmosphere are coated, or only surfaces not exposed to the ambient atmosphere are coated (e.g., masking).As will be evident to someone skilled in the art, the amount of saccharin fatty acid ester (SFAE) coating applied can depend on the intended use of the material being coated. In one aspect, one surface may be coated with an SFAE, and the opposite surface may be coated with an agent including, but not limited to, proteins, wheat gluten, gelatins, prolamins, soy protein isolates, starches, modified starches, acetylated polysaccharides, alginates, carrageenans, chitosans, inulins, long-chain fatty acids, waxes, and combinations thereof. In a related aspect, SFAE may be added to a raw material, and the resulting web material may be provided with an additional SFAE coating. Any suitable coating process may be used to administer any of the various saccharide fatty acid ester coatings and / or emulsions applied in the course of practicing this aspect of the method. In terms of methods, saccharide fatty acid ester coating processes include dipping, spraying, painting, printing, and any combination thereof. > your NCNN DC Ñ ​​<£ processes, alone or with other coating processes adapted to practice the methods described. By increasing the concentration of saccharin fatty acid ester, for example, the composition as described herein can react more extensively with the cellulose being treated, resulting in enhanced water repellency / lipid resistance. However, higher layer weights do not necessarily translate to greater water resistance. In one respect, various catalysts could enable faster curing, allowing for precise adjustment of the saccharin fatty acid ester quantity to suit specific applications. It will be evident to an expert in the technique that the selection of cellulose to be treated, the saccharide fatty acid ester, the reaction temperature, and the exposure time are process parameters that can be optimized through routine experimentation to suit any particular application for the final product. Derivatized materials have altered physical properties that can be defined and measured using appropriate tests known in the art. For hydrophobicity, the analytical protocol may include, among other things, contact angle measurement and moisture uptake. Other properties include stiffness, WVTR, porosity, tensile strength, lack of substrate degradation, and fracture and tear properties. The American Society for Testing and Materials defines a specific standardized protocol to follow (ASTM D7334-08). The permeability of a surface to various gases such as water vapor and oxygen can also be altered by the saccharide fatty acid ester coating process as the barrier function of the material is enhanced. The standard unit that measures permeability is Barrier, and protocols for measuring these parameters are also available in the public domain (ASTM F2476-05 for water vapor and ASTM F2622-8 for oxygen). In these modalities, the materials treated according to the procedure currently described exhibit complete biodegradability as measured by degradation in the environment under attack by microorganisms. Several methods are available to define and test biodegradability, including the shaking flask method (ASTM E1279 - 89 (2008)) and the Zahn-Wellens test (OECD TG 302 B). Several methods are available to define and test compostability, including, but not limited to, ASTM D6400. Materials suitable for treatment by the process of this invention include various forms of cellulose, such as cotton fibers, vegetable fibers such as flax, wood fibers, regenerated cellulose (rayon and cellophane), partially alkylated cellulose (cellulose ethers), partially esterified cellulose (acetate rayon), and other modified cellulose materials that have a substantial portion of their surfaces available for reaction / bonding. As stated above, the term cellulose includes all these materials and others of similar polysaccharide structure and having similar properties. Among these, the relatively new material of microfibrillated cellulose (cellulose nanofiber) (see, for example, U.S. Patent 4,374,702 and U.S. Publications Nos. 2015 / 0167243 and 2009 / 0221812, incorporated herein by reference in their entirety) is particularly suitable for this application.In other forms, celluloses may include, but are not limited to, cellulose triacetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, nitrocellulose (cellulose nitrate), cellulose sulfate, celluloid, > your Ñ CNNC C. Ñ ​​<£ methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, ethylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, cellulose nanocrystals, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose and combinations thereof. The modification of cellulose as described herein, in addition to increasing its hydrophobicity, can also increase its tensile strength, flexibility, and stiffness, thus further expanding its range of applications. All biodegradable and partially biodegradable products manufactured from or using the modified cellulose described in this application are within the scope of the invention, including recyclable and compostable products. Among the potential applications of coating technology are items such as all-purpose containers, including paper, cardboard, paper pulp, cups, lids, boxes, trays, release papers / liners, compost bags, shopping bags, water pipes and conduits, cutlery, food-grade disposable plates and bottles, screens for televisions and mobile devices, clothing (e.g., cotton or cotton blends), bandages, pressure-sensitive labels, pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, feminine hygiene products, and medical devices for use on or inside the body, such as contraceptives, drug delivery devices, and the like. Additionally, the described coating technology can be used in furniture and upholstery, outdoor camping equipment, and similar items. The following examples are intended to illustrate, but not limit, the invention. EXAMPLES Example 1. Saccharide Fatty Acid Ester Formulations SEFOSE® is a room-temperature liquid, and all coatings / emulsions containing this material were applied at room temperature using a benchtop extraction device. The rod type and size were varied to create a range of coating weights. Formulation 1 Fifty milliliters of SEFOSE® were added to a solution containing 195 milliliters of water and 5 grams of carboxymethylcellulose (FINNFIX® 10; CP Kelco, Atlanta, GA). This formulation was mixed using a Silverson homogenizer set at 5000 rpm for 1 minute. This emulsion was coated onto a 50-gram base sheet made of bleached hardwood pulp and an 80-gram sheet composed of unbleached softwood. Both papers were placed in an oven (105°C) for 15 minutes to dry. After removal from the oven, the sheets were placed on the laboratory bench, and 10 drops of water (room temperature) were applied to each sheet using a pipette. The base sheets selected for this test would absorb a drop of water immediately, while the sheets coated with varying amounts of SEFOSE® showed increasing levels of water resistance as the weight of the layer increased (see Table 1). Table 1. Base sheet results with SEFOSE® Coating weight g / m2 50g softwood base Water retention (minutes) 80g softwood base Water retention (minutes) 3.2 1 0.5 4.1 14 9 6.4 30 25 8.5 50 40 9.2 100+ 100+ It was observed that water resistance was lower in the heavier sheet and water resistance was not achieved unless the sheet was dry. Formulation 2 Addition of SEFOSE® to raw material for cups: (Note that this is a single-ply, untreated MFC board. 110-gram board made from eucalyptus pulp). 50 grams of SEFOSE® were added to 200 grams of 5% cooked ethyl starch (Ethylex 2025) and stirred using a Kady benchtop mill for 30 seconds. Paper samples were coated and placed in an oven at 105°C for 15 minutes. 10–15 test drops were placed on the coated side of the board, and the water retention time was measured and recorded in the table below. Water penetration in the untreated control board was instantaneous (see Table 2). Table 2. Hot water penetration of raw material for cups treated with SEFOSE® Quantity applied (g / m²) Time required for hot water (80°C) to penetrate: 2.3 0.05 hr 4.1 0.5 hr 6.2 1.2 hr 8.3 3.5 hr 9.6 ~ 16 hr Formulation 3 Pure SEFOSE® was heated to 45°C and placed in a spray bottle. A uniform spray was applied to the paper material listed in the previous example, as well as to a piece of fiberboard and a quantity of cotton fabric. When water droplets were placed on the samples, penetration into the substrate occurred within 30 seconds; however, after drying in an oven for 15 minutes at 105°C, the water droplets evaporated before being absorbed by the substrate. The ongoing investigation focused on whether SEFOSE® could be compatible with compounds used for oil and grease resistant coatings. SEFOSE® is useful for improving water resistance and stiffness. 240-gram cardboard was used for stiffness testing. Table 3 shows the results. These data were obtained with a single-layer weight of 5 grams per square meter, averaging 5 samples. The results are in Taber stiffness units recorded with our Taber Model 150-E V-5 stiffness tester. Table 3. Stiffness test Tested sample Machine direction stiffness Cross direction stiffness Control panel - uncoated 77.6 51.8 SEFOSE® 85.9 57.6 Erucic acid 57.9 47.4 Palmitoyl chloride 47.7 39.5 Example 2. Attachment of saccharide ester to the cellulosic substrate In an effort to determine if SEFOSE® was reversibly bound to a cellulosic material, pure SEFOSE® was mixed with pure cellulose in a 50:50 ratio. The SEFOSE® was allowed to react for 15 min at 149°C, and the mixture was extracted with methylene chloride (a nonpolar solvent) or distilled water. The samples were refluxed for 6 hours, and a gravimetric analysis of the samples was performed. Table 4. SEFOSE® Extraction from Cellulosic Material Sample Total Mass Mass of SEFOSE® SEFOSE® Extracted % SEFOSE® Retained ch2ci2 2.85 1.42 0.25 83% h2o 2.28 1.14 0.08 93% Example 3. Examination of cellulosic surfaces Scanning electron microscope images of base papers with and without MFCs illustrate how a less porous base has the potential to require far fewer surface-reacting waterproofing agents. Figures 1-2 show untreated Whatman medium-porosity filter paper. Figures 1 and 2 show the relatively high surface area exposed for a derivatizing agent to react; however, they also show a highly porous sheet with plenty of space for water to escape. Figures 3 and 4 show a side-by-side comparison of paper made from recycled pulp before and after MFC coating. (Son > tu Ñ CNNCC) (Two magnifications of the same samples, without MCF obviously on the left side of the image). Tests show that derivatization of a much less porous sheet is more promising for long-term water / vapor barrier performance. The last two images are just close-ups of a medium pore size on a sheet of filter paper, as well as a similar magnification of the CNF-coated paper for contrast purposes. The data above demonstrate a critical point: that adding more material results in a corresponding increase in yield. While not limited by theory, the reaction appears to be faster with unbleached papers, suggesting that the presence of lignin may accelerate the reaction. The fact that a product like SEFOSE® is a liquid means it can be easily emulsified, suggesting that it can be easily adapted to work in coating equipment commonly used in paper mills. Example 4. Phluphi Liquid SEFOSE® was mixed and reacted with bleached hardwood fiber to generate a variety of forms for creating a waterproof test sheet. When the sucrose ester was mixed with pulp prior to sheet formation, most of it was found to be retained with the fiber. With sufficient heating and drying, a brittle, spongy, but highly hydrophobic test sheet was formed. In this example, 0.25 grams of SEFOSE® were mixed with 4.0 grams of bleached hardwood fiber in 6 liters of water. This mixture was stirred by hand, and the water was drained into a standard hand-forming sheet mold. The resulting fiber mat was removed and dried for 15 minutes at 163°C. The sheet produced exhibited significant hydrophobicity as well as very reduced hydrogen bonding between the fibers. DC Ñ ​​<£ own fibers. (It was observed that the contact angle with water was greater than 100 degrees). An emulsifier can be added. SEFOSE® to fiber can be approximately 1:100 to 2:1. Subsequent tests show that talc is just a bystander in this and was left out of further testing. Example 5. Environmental effects on the properties of the SEFOSE® coating In an effort to better understand the reaction mechanism of sucrose esters with fiber, low-viscosity coatings were applied to bleached kraft sheet coated with wet-strength resin but without water resistance (no sizing). The coatings all had viscosity less than 250 cps as measured using a Brookfield viscometer at 100 rpm. SEFOSE® was emulsified with Ethylex 2025 (starch) and applied to paper using a gravure roller. For comparison, SEFOSE® was also emulsified with Westcote 9050 PvOH. As shown in Figure 5, the oxidation of double bonds in SEFOSE® is enhanced by the presence of heat and additional chemical environments that promote oxidative chemistry (see also Table 5). Table 5. Environmental effects on SEFOSE® (Minutes to failure) SEFOSE® PVOH Time - PVOH Ethylex 3:1 0 0.08 0.07 0.15 2 1 0.083 0.11 0.15 1.8 2 0.08 0.18 0.13 1.8 5 0.09 0.25 0.1 1.3 10 0.08 0.4 0.1 0.9 30 0.08 1.1 0.08 0.8 60 0.08 3.8 0.08 0.8 120 0.08 8 0.08 0.7 500 0.07 17 0.07 0.4 Example 6. Effect of unsaturated fatty acid chains versus saturated fatty acids SEFOSE® was reacted with bleached softwood pulp and dried to form a sheet. Subsequently, extractions were carried out with CH2Cl2, toluene, and water to determine the degree of reaction with the pulp. The extractions were performed for at least 6 hours using Soxhlet extraction glassware. The extraction results are shown in Table 6. Table 6. Extraction of pulp bound to SEFOSE® Water CH2CI2 Toluene Dry pulp mass 8.772g 9.237g 8.090g SEFOSE® added 0.85g 0.965g 0.798g Extracted amount 0.007g 0.015g 0.020g The data indicate that essentially all of the SEFOSE® remains in the film. To further verify this, the same procedure was carried out with the pulp alone, and the results show that approximately 0.01 g were obtained per 10 g of pulp. While not constrained by theory, this could easily be explained as > your Ñ CNN DC Ñ ​​<£ residual chemicals for the manufacture of pasta or, more likely, as extracts that had not been completely removed. Pure cellulose fibers were used (e.g., Sigma a-cellulose). Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and the experiment was repeated. While the load levels of SEFOSE® remained below approximately 20% of the fiber mass; more than 95% of the SEFOSE® mass was retained with the fibers and could not be extracted with polar or non-polar solvents. Although not theoretically limited, optimizing baking time and temperature can further improve the sucrose esters remaining in the fibers. As shown, the data demonstrate a general inability to extract SEFOSE® from the material after drying. On the other hand, when fatty acids containing all saturated fatty acid chains are used instead of SEFOSE® (e.g., OLEAN®, available from Procter & Gamble Chemicals (Cincinnati, OH)), almost 100% of the material can be extracted with hot water (70°C or higher). OLEAN® is identical to SEFOSE® with the only difference being that saturated fatty acids are bonded together (OLEAN®) instead of unsaturated fatty acids (SEFOSE®). Another noteworthy aspect is that multiple fatty acid chains are reactive with cellulose, and with the two saccharide molecules in the structure, the SEFOSE® results in a rigid crosslinking network that leads to strength improvements in fibrous webs such as paper, cardboard, air-dried and wet-laid nonwoven fabrics, and textiles. Example 7. SEFOSE® Additions to Achieve Water Resistance Two- and three-gram hand-made sheets were manufactured using kraft pulps from both hardwood and softwood. When SEFOSE® was added to the suspension > your Ñ CNNCC With a pulp concentration of 1% to 0.1% or higher, and after draining the water to form the test sheet, SEFOSE® was retained by the fibers, where it imparted water resistance. At concentrations of 0.1% to 0.4% SEFOSE®, water droplets remained on the surface for a few seconds or less. After the SEFOSE® concentration exceeded 0.4%, the water resistance time increased rapidly to minutes and then to hours for concentrations above 1.5%. Example 8. Production of bulky fibrous material The addition of SEFOSE® to the pulp softens the fibers, increasing the space between them and thus increasing the volume. For example, a 3% hardwood pulp suspension containing 125 g (dry) of pulp was drained, dried, and found to occupy a volume of 18.2 cubic centimeters. 12.5 g of SEFOSE® were added to the same 3% hardwood pulp suspension containing the equivalent of 125 g of dry fiber. After draining and drying, the resulting mat occupied 45.2 cubic centimeters. Thirty grams of a standard bleached hardwood kraft pulp (produced by Old Town Fuel and Fiber, LLC, Old Town, ME) were sprayed with SEFOSE® that had been heated to 60°C. These 4.3 cm³ were placed in a disintegrator at 10,000 rpm and essentially re-pulped. The mixture was poured through a hand-operated sheet mold and dried at 105°C. The resulting hydrophobic pulp occupied a volume of 8.1 cm³. A 5-centimeter square was cut from this material and placed in a hydraulic press with 50 tons of pressure applied for 30 seconds. The volume of the square was significantly reduced but still occupied 50% more volume than the same 5-centimeter square cut for the control without applied pressure. It is significant that not only is an increase in volume observed, but also your CNN Ñ DC Ñ ​​<£ softness, but a mat forcibly repelled when the water was drained resulted in a fiber mat in which all the hydrophobicity was retained. This quality, in addition to the observations that water cannot easily be pushed past the low surface energy barrier into the sheet, is valuable. The bonding of single hydrophobic fatty acid chains does not exhibit this property. Although not linked to any specific theory, this provides further evidence that SEFOSE® is reacting with cellulose and that the OH groups on the surface of the cellulose fibers are no longer available to participate in subsequent hydrogen bonding. Other hydrophobic materials interfere with the initial hydrogen bonding, but by repelling these materials, this effect is reversed, and the OH groups of the cellulose are free to participate in hydrogen bonding upon re-drying. Example 9. Bag paper test data The following table (Table 7) illustrates the properties imparted by coating 5-7 g / m² with a mixture of SEFOSE® and polyvinyl alcohol (PvOH) onto an unbleached kraft bag (control). Commercial bags are also included for reference. Table 7. Paper bag tests Paper Type Caliper (0.025 mm) Tensile Strength (kg / cm²) Bursting Strength (kg / cm²) Test Bag (Control) 3 26 0 66 3 66 Pnicba Bag with SEFOSE 3 32 1 060 4 40 Sandwich Bag 2 16 0.62 1 77 Home Depot Lie Sheet Bag 5 3 1 256 5 02 As can be seen in the Table, traction and burst increase with > your NCNN DC Ñ ​​<£ coating of the control base paper with SEFOSE® and PvOH. Example 10· Dry / wet tensile strength Manual sheets of 3 grams were manufactured from bleached pulp. The wet and dry tensile strength is compared below at different levels of SEFOSE® addition. Note that with these test sheets, SEFOSE® was not emulsified into any coating; it was simply mixed with the pulp and drained without the addition of any other chemicals (see Table 8). Table 8. Dry / Wet Tensile Strength SEFOSE Load* Wet Strength (kg / cm2) Dry Strength (kg / cm2) 0% 0.02 0.68 0.5% 0.07 0.740 1% 0.10 0.782 5% 0.51 1.056 Note also that the 5% addition for wet strength is not far below the dry strength of the control. Example 11. Use of esters containing less than 8 saturated fatty acids Several experiments were conducted with sucrose esters produced that had fewer than 8 fatty acids attached to the sucrose residue. Samples of SP50, SP10, SP01, and F20W (from Sistema, Netherlands) containing 50, 10, 1, and essentially 0% monoesters, respectively, were used. While these commercially available products are prepared by reacting sucrose with saturated fatty acids, thus rendering them less useful for further crosslinking or similar chemical reactions, they have been useful for examining emulsifying and water-repellent properties. For example, 10 g of SP01 were mixed with 10 g of glyoxal in a 10% boiled PvOH solution. The mixture was heated at 93°C for 5 minutes and applied by stretching to a porous base paper made of bleached hardwood kraft paper. The result was a cross-linked, waxy coating on the paper surface that exhibited good hydrophobicity. When a minimum of 3 g / m² was applied, the resulting contact angle was greater than 100°. Since glyoxal is a well-known crystallizing agent used for compounds containing OH groups, this method is a potential means of fixing relatively unreactive sucrose esters to a surface by linking the remaining alcohol groups on the sucrose ring to an available alcohol group on the substrate or other coating materials. Example 12. HST data and moisture absorption To demonstrate that SEFOSE® alone provides the observed waterproofing properties, porous backing paper from Twins River (Matawaska, ME) was treated with various quantities of SEFOSE (and PvOH or Ethylex 2025 for emulsification, applied by extraction) and tested by the Hercules Size Test. The results are shown in Table 9. Table 9. HST data with SEFOSE® HST-seconds SEFOSE absorption “ g / m2 Emulsifier g / m2 <1 - - 2.7 Og / m2 2.7g / m2 PvOH 16.8 Og / m2 4.5g / m2 Ethylex 2025 65 2.2g / m2 2.3g / m2 Ethylex 2025 389.7 1.6g / m2 1 6g / m2 PvOH 533 3 0+m2 4. Og / m2 PvOH 1480 5. Og / m2 5. Og / m2 Ethylex 2025 2300+ 5. Og / m2 5.Og / m2 PvOH As can be seen in Table 9, the increase in SEFOSE® applied to the paper surface leads to an increase in water resistance (as shown by the increase in HST in seconds). This can also be seen using coatings of a saturated sucrose ester product. For this particular example, the product, F20W (available from Sistema, Netherlands), is described as a very low-percentage monoester with most of the molecules in the 4–8 substitution range. Note that the absorption of the F20W product is only 50% of the total coating, as it was emulsified with PvOH using equal parts of each to create a stable emulsion. Therefore, where the collection is labeled as 0.5 g / m², there is also the same amount of PvOH collection, giving a total collection of 1.0 g / m². The results are shown in Table 10. Table 10. F20W HST Data HST-Seconds System Absorption F20W <1 0 2.0 0.5g / m2 17.8 1.7g / m2 175.3 2.2g / m2 438.8 3.5g / m2 2412 4.1 g / m2 > tu Ñ CNN DC Ñ ​​<£ As can be seen in Table 10, again, increasing F20W increases the water resistance of the porous sheet. Therefore, the applied sucrose fatty acid ester itself makes the paper water-resistant. Because water resistance is not simply due to the presence of a fatty acid forming an ester bond with cellulose, softwood sheets (bleached softwood kraft) were loaded with SEFOSE®, and oleic acid was added directly to the pulp, where it forms an ester bond with the pulp's cellulose. The mass at time zero represents the bone-dry mass of the hand-laid sheets removed from the oven at 105°C. The samples were placed in a humidity-controlled room maintained at 50% RH. The change in mass was recorded over time (in minutes). The results are shown in Tables 11 and 12. Table 11. SEFOSE® Moisture Absorption Time (Min) 2% SEFOSE' 30% SEFOSE' Control 0 3.859 4.099 3.877 1 3.896 4.128 3.911 3 3.912 4.169 3.95 5 3.961 4.195 3.978 10 4.01 4.256 4.032 15 4.039 4.276 4.054 30 4.06 4.316 4.092 60 4.068 4.334 4.102 180 4.069 4.336 4.115 Table 12. Moisture absorption Oleic acid Time (hrs) 30% oleic acid 50% oleic acid Control 0 4.018 4.014 4.356 0.5 4.067 4.052 4.48 2 4.117 4.077 4.609 3 4.128 4.08 4.631 5 4.136 4.081 4.647 21 4.142 4.083 4.661 Note the difference here: oleic acid is added directly to the pulp, forming an ester bond that greatly slows moisture absorption. In contrast, only 2% of SEFOSE® retards moisture absorption; at higher concentrations, SEFOSE® does not. Thus, although not limited by theory, the structure of the material bound to SEFOSE® cannot be explained simply by the structure formed by esters of simple fatty acids and cellulose. Example 13· Saturated SFAEs Saturated esters are waxy solids at room temperature that, due to saturation, are less reactive with the sample matrix or with each other. Using elevated temperatures (e.g., at least 40°C and above 65°C for all those tested), this material melts and can be applied as a liquid that then cools and solidifies, forming a hydrophobic coating. Alternatively, these materials can be emulsified in solid form and applied as an aqueous coating to impart hydrophobic characteristics. The data shown here represents HST readings (test of > your Ñ CNN DC Ñ ​​<£ Hercules size) obtained from papers coated with varying amounts of saturated SFAE. For the test coatings, a bleached, #45 hardwood kraft sheet obtained from Turner Falls paper was used. The Gurley porosity was approximately 300 seconds, representing a fairly tight base sheet. The S-370 obtained from Mitsubishi Foods (Japan) was emulsified with xanthan gum (up to 1% of the mass of the saturated SFAE formulation) prior to coating. Weight of coating of the saturated SFAE formulation (pounds per ton) HST (average of 4 measurements per sample). Table 13 S-370 coating weight (kilograms per ton) HST (average of 4 measurements per sample) Control only #0 4 seconds #45 140 seconds #65 385 seconds #100 839 seconds #150 1044 seconds #200 1209 seconds The laboratory data also support the claim that limited quantities of saturated SFAE can improve the water resistance of coatings designed for other purposes / applications. For example, saturated SFAE was mixed with Ethylex starch-based coatings and polyvinyl alcohol, and increased water resistance was observed in both cases. The following examples were coated over a bleached recycled base #50 with a Gurley porosity of 18 seconds. 100 grams of Ethylex 2025 were cooked at 10% solids (volume of 1 > your Ñ CNN DC Ñ ​​<£ liter) and 10 grams of S-370 were added hot and mixed using a Silverson homogenizer. The resulting coating was applied using a common tabletop stretching device and the papers were dried under heat lamps. With a layer weight of 300 lb / ton, starch had an average HST of only 480 seconds. With the same layer weight of starch and saturated SFAE mix, the HST increased to 710 seconds. Sufficient polyvinyl alcohol (Selvol 205S) was dissolved in hot water to achieve a 10% solution. This solution was coated with the same #50 paper described above and had an average HST of 225 to 150 lb / ton of coating weight. Using this same solution, S-370 was added to achieve a mixture containing 90% PVOH / 10% S-370 on a dry basis (i.e., 90 ml of water, grams of PVOH, 1 gram of S-370): the average HST increased to 380 seconds. Saturated SFAEs are compatible with prolamins (specifically, zein; see U.S. Patent No. 7,737,200, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). Since one of the main barriers to commercial production of the subject matter of that patent is water solubility of the formulation, the addition of saturated SFAEs helps in this regard. Example 14. Other saturated SFAEs Sizing press evaluations of saturated SFAE-based coatings were performed on a bleached lightweight sheet (approximately 35#) that was unsized and had relatively poor formation. All evaluations were conducted using boiled Exceval HR 3010 PvOH to emulsify the saturated SFAE. Sufficient saturated SFAE was added to account for 20% of the total solids. The focus was on evaluating the S-370 samples against the C-1800 (available from Mitsubishi). Foods, Japan). Both esters performed better than the control; some of the key data are shown in Table 14: Table 14 Average HST Kit value 10% PvOH only 38 sec. 2 PvOH with S-370 85 sec. 3 PvOH with C-1800 82 sec. 5 Note that the saturated compounds appear to give an increase in the kit, with both S-370 and C-1800 producing a -100% increase in HST. Example 15. Wet strength additive Laboratory tests have shown that the chemistry of sucrose esters can be adjusted to achieve a variety of properties, including use as a wet strength additive. When sucrose esters are prepared by attaching saturated groups to each alcohol functional group of sucrose (or another polyol), the result is a hydrophobic, waxy substance with low miscibility / solubility in water. However, these compounds can be added to cellulosic materials to impart water resistance, either internally or as a coating. Because they do not react chemically with each other or with any part of the sample matrix, they are readily removed by solvents, heat, and pressure. When waterproofing and higher levels of water resistance are desired, sucrose esters containing unsaturated functional groups can be manufactured and added to the cellulosic material to achieve oxidation and / or crosslinking. This helps fix the sucrose ester to the matrix, making it highly resistant to physical removal. By adjusting the number of unsaturated groups and the size of the sucrose esters, a crosslinking medium is obtained to impart strength, but with a molecule that is not optimal for providing water resistance. The data shown here were obtained by adding SEFOSE® to bleached kraft paper at varying levels and obtaining wet tensile strength data. The percentages shown in the table represent the percentage of sucrose ester in the treated 70# bleached paper (see Table 15). Table 15 % SEFOSE Load Deformation / Modulus 0% 4.98 0.93 / 89.04 1% 5.12 1.88 / 150.22 5% 8.70 0.99 / 345.93 10% 10.54 1.25 / 356.99 Dry / untreated 22.67 The data illustrate a trend where the addition of unsaturated sucrose esters to papers increases wet strength as the load level increases. Dry tensile strength shows the maximum strength of the sheet as a benchmark. Example 16. Method for producing sucrose esters using acid chlorides In addition to preparing hydrophobic sucrose esters by transesterification, similar hydrophobic properties can be achieved in fibrous articles by directly reacting acid chlorides with polyols containing ring structures analogous to sucrose. For example, 200 grams of palmitoyl chloride (CAS 11267-4) were mixed with 50 grams of sucrose at room temperature. After > your Ñ CNNCC After mixing, the mixture was heated to 38°C and maintained at that temperature overnight (ambient pressure). The resulting material was washed with acetone and deionized water to remove any hydrophilic or unreacted material. Analysis of the remaining material using C-13 NMR showed that a significant amount of hydrophobic sucrose ester had been produced. Although it has been shown (by BT3 and others) that the addition of fatty acid chlorides to cellulosic materials can impart hydrophobic properties, the reaction itself is undesirable on-site because the byproduct, gaseous HCl, creates a number of problems, including corrosion of surrounding materials, and is hazardous to workers and the surrounding environment. An additional problem created by hydrochloric acid production is that as more is formed—that is, as more polyol sites react—the fibrous composition becomes weaker. Palmitoyl chloride was reacted in increasing quantities with cellulose and cotton materials, and as hydrophobicity increased, the strength of the article decreased. The above reaction was repeated several times using 200 grams of R-CO chloride reacted with 50 grams each of other similar polyols, including corn starch, birch xylan, carboxymethylcellulose, glucose, and extracted hemicelluloses. Example 17. Peeling test The peel test uses a wheel between the two jaws of the pull tester to measure the force required to peel the tape off a paper surface as a reproducible angle (ASTM D1876; e.g., Modular Peel Tester 100 Series, TestResources, Shakopee, MN). > your Ñ CNN DC Ñ ​​<£ For this work, high Gurley (600 seconds) bleached kraft paper from Turner Falls Paper (Turner's Falls, MA) was used. This 50 lb. sheet is fairly tightly woven, but quite absorbent. When 50 lb paper was coated with 15% Ethylex starch as a control, the average strength (over 5 samples) required was 0.096 N / mm. When treated with the same coating but with SEFOSE® replaced by 25% starch With Ethylex (so 25% absorption is SEFOSE®, 75% remains Ethylex), the average force decreased to 0.142 N / mm. With a 50% substitution of SEFOSE® for Ethylex, the required force decreased to less than 0.005 N / mm. The preparation of this paper is in accordance with the standard method TAPPI 404 to determine the tensile strength of papers. Finally, the same paper was used with S-370 at a loading rate of 340 kg / ton, which effectively filled all spills on the sheet, creating a complete physical barrier. This actually passed a TAPPI 12 kit on the floor. This brief experiment shows that it is possible to achieve grease resistance using various SFAE saturated. Example 18. Saturated SFAE and Inorganic Particles (charges) Saturated sucrose fatty acid esters (SFAEs) range from hydrophilic to hydrophobic depending on the number (and chain length) of fatty acid chains attached to the sucrose molecule. They are not considered highly reactive compounds. A variety of substituted SFAEs have been investigated, with side chains having a length of 16 or 18 carbons. The materials examined are waxy solids with melting points below 150°C. When coated on > your Ñ CNN DC In paper, highly substituted esters impart significant levels of water resistance depending on the coating weight and the porosity of the sheet. For this example, the same paper was used with S-370 at a loading rate of 750 pounds per ton, which effectively filled all the pores of the sheet, creating a complete physical barrier. The paper thus treated was found to possess a TAPPI 12 rating. This brief experiment shows that it is possible to obtain grease resistance using saturated varieties of SFAE. Observations: The more hydrophobic esters tend to aggregate in aqueous emulsions / dispersions, and therefore uniform coatings on paper become a challenge. The low melting point of several of these molecules results in the coating melting onto the sheet. If the hydrophobic SFAE is mixed with polymers to help stabilize the dispersion, these polymers (i.e., latex, starch, polyvinyl alcohol) tend to surround these esters in a way that silences the desired hydrophobic effect. When mixed with calcium carbonate (e.g., precipitated calcium carbonate), an unexpected attraction occurs. SFAE does not melt onto paper under the same drying conditions. Calcium carbonate appears to aid in the dispersion of the SFAE, and the adhesion is such that the SFAE acts as a binder to attach the calcium carbonate particles to the surface of the coated papers. This uniform dispersion is thought to result in greater water resistance for a given amount of ester. Example 18. Pigmented coating formulations Methods Analysis of SEFOSE® with several samples from MALLARD CREEK (TYKOTE® 1019, 1004, 6160, 1005, 6152) as well as DOW 620® and some samples from BASF (Epotal NX 4430, Epotal s440) appears to support the chemical compatibility of latexes with SEFOSE®. The order of addition does not seem to matter, and the viscosity does not appear to change appreciably. Raw material for paper cups MALLARD CREEK TYKOTE® 1019 was mixed with IMERYS LX® clay slurry. SEFOSE® was mixed into this mixture with the resulting ratio being latex: 70%, LX® clay: 20%, SEFOSE®: 10% (topcoat) or 75%, GCC: 75%; SEFOSE®: 3%; TYKOTE® 1019: 21.5% (basecoat). The basecoat mixture had a pH of approximately 7.6, a viscosity of 215 cps, and 60–70% solids. The topcoat had a pH of approximately 7.8, approximately 57% solids, and a viscosity of approximately 240 cps. The reported coating weight was around 8 g / m², and it was applied using a knife to the pre-coated board. Rolls of raw material for hot cups, raw material for cold cups and raw material for bottom cups were made with 2 different coatings. Table 16 shows the effect of SEFOSE® curing on a pigmented coating formulation on Cobb values. Table 16. Curing time vs. Cobb value Curing time at 90°C Cobb value (30 minutes) 0 minutes 39 30 minutes 26 1 hour 21 3 hours 15 6 hours 7 12 hours 3 As can be seen in the table, the latex-coated cardboard, which has a Cobb value of 39, saw that number reduced to 3 with the addition of SEFOSE® (10% by weight) to the coating. SEFOSE® does not appear to be as effective a film former as latex, so, without being limited by theory, it was hypothesized that latex forms a barrier film and SEFOSE® acts synergistically by adding hydrophobicity to the gaps / pinholes in the latex film. Plastic substrate To better understand the Cobb effect, the plastic substrate was coated with DOW 620® latex, dried (on the plastic substrate), and the Cobb value was measured (Cobb value = 10.5). This data point reflects the fact that Cobb readings are influenced not only by water penetrating the paper itself, but also by water soaking into or absorbing the coating. When this experiment was repeated with 10% SEFOSE® added to the latex (again coated with > you NCNN plastic substrate), the Cobb value dropped to 3.8, reflecting the hydrophobicity in the film itself. Example 19. Antiblocking effects To determine the antiblocking effects of SFAEs on latex, a series of tests were conducted using paper substrates. The paper substrates tested were lightweight OGR sheets, 35#, or 18 pt cup stock, bleached kraft. All papers were coated using a benchtop extraction device with a coating weight of approximately 9 g / m². The tests were performed using a heated Carver laboratory press (Carver, Inc., IN). Sucrose fatty acid ester (monoester content 10–25%) was added to 10% ester and 90% latex on a dry basis (controls had 10% water), with no other additives. Latexes tested were styrene-butadiene (SB) and styrene-acrylate (SA). Each test was conducted using one-square-inch samples with coated sides facing each other to simulate more likely blocking conditions than front-to-back. Blocking was determined using a 5-point scale as follows: = total blockage. Papers completely inseparable. = significant blockage. The papers separate with difficulty and the fibers break in the process. = Moderate blocking. The papers separate with difficulty and the coating is damaged, including slight fiber tearing in the process. = slight blocking. The papers separate fairly easily, but the layer sticks enough to be noticeable. The papers separate easily without damaging the coating. There may be some slight sticking near the edges. = zero adhesion. As can be seen in Table 17, the addition of SFAE significantly reduced the degree of blocking for SB and SA latexes, while the folding and 3M kit values ​​remained unchanged. Table 17. Blocking Data Latex / Base SFAE Temp (°C) Blocking Degree Pressure (kPa on sample) Time (sec) Tappi Kit Tappi Kit Fold SB / beaker raw material 18 pt 38 4.5 3447 120 7 3 SB / beaker raw material 18 pt 38 3.5 3447 60 7 3 SB / beaker raw material 18 pt 38 5 6205 60 7 3 SB / beaker raw material 18 pt + 38 1 3447 120 7 3 SB / beaker raw material 18 pt + 38 1.5 6205 120 7 3 SB / raw material for cups 18 pt + 38 2.5 6205 180 7 3 SA / raw material for cups 18 pt 38 5 3447 60 9 5 SA / raw material for cups 18 pt 38 5 3447 30 9 5 SA / raw material for cups 18 pt 38 4.5 3447 10 9 5 SA / raw material for cups 18 pt 38 5 6205 5 9 5 SA / raw material for cups 18 pt + 38 0 200 30 9 5 SA / raw material for cups 18 pt + 38 2.5 3447 60 9 5 SA / raw material for cups 18 pt + 38 3 6205 30 9 5 SA / raw material for glasses 18 pt + 38 4.5 6205 100 9 5 SA / raw material for glasses 18 pt + 38 5 6205 120 9 5 SA / Lt OGR - 38 5 3447 30 11 6 SA / Lt OGR - 38 5 3447 60 11 6 SA / Lt OGR 4- 38 1 3447 60 11 6 SB / Lt OGR - 38 5 6205 10 9 4 SB / Lt OGR - 38 1 6205 10 9 4 Tests illustrating resistance to blockage over various pressures and times can be seen in Figures 8 and 9. Figure 8 shows the effect of SFAE on the degree of locking as a function of clamping pressure (range of 35 to 63 kg / cm2) at 100°C for SB. As can be seen in Figure 8, SFAE in combination with SB completely prevented locking (exhibiting locking points of approximately 1 to 1.5), while SB only showed moderate to total locking in the same clamping pressure range (exhibiting locking points of approximately 3.5 to 5). Figure 9 shows the effect of SFAE on the degree of blocking as a function of the holding time at 100°C for SA. Again, as can be seen in Figure 9, in the absence of SFAE, the latex shows little resistance to blocking (top right, oblong group), while the presence of SFAE shows significant resistance to blocking (lower circle). These results show that for SB or SA latexes, the addition of SFAE achieves the three critical attributes required for an effective barrier coating: 1) prevents external elements from passing through surfaces (e.g., maintains the 3M kit); 2) resists cracking when a substrate containing the coating is bent sharply (i.e., maintains foldability); and 3) resists blocking. Example 20. Determining the blocking rating To determine a blocking index for an SFAE-polymer combination, an ester is blended with a polymer at concentrations ranging from approximately 60% SFAE to 40% polymer to approximately 3% SFAE to 97% polymer on a dry matter basis. The various blends are then applied as a coating to cover at least one surface of paper substrate samples. Opposing coated surfaces of the samples, or a coated surface and an uncoated sample surface, are brought into contact. One or more process variables (e.g., time, pressure, temperature) are held constant, while other process variables are selected to be changed within a specific range. The blocking resistance for each set of conditions is determined as described in Example 19, and the data are tabulated or plotted.As a control, comparisons are made with compositions that do not contain SFAE, while maintaining the same amount of polymer on a dry matter basis within the tested concentration range. Barrier properties (e.g., water resistance, oil and grease resistance, folding, and the like) are also determined. Based on the generated data, for any set of SFAE-polymer combinations, the conditions for effectively adjusting the adhesive properties of a barrier coating made from such combinations for various applications are identified. Although the invention has been described with reference to the preceding examples, modifications and variations are understood to be within the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the present invention is limited only by the following claims. All references contained herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Claims

1. A barrier coating composition consisting essentially of at least one saccharide fatty acid ester (SFAE) and a polymer, characterized in that said composition, when applied to a substrate, reduces the stickiness of the polymer without affecting the barrier function of the coating compared to the same composition in the absence of said saccharide fatty acid ester.

2. The barrier coating composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the resulting applied substrate exhibits an improved folding capability.

3. The barrier coating composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer is selected from the group consisting of PvOH, starch, a styrene butadiene latex, a styrene acrylate latex, carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex, oligomer-stabilized styrene acrylic copolymer latex, surfactant-stabilized styrene acrylic copolymer latex, polyvinyl acetates, ethylene vinyl acetates, acrylics, and combinations thereof.

4. The barrier coating composition according to claim 3, characterized in that the polymer is a styrene butadiene latex or a styrene acrylate latex.

5. The barrier coating composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the saccharide fatty acid ester is a sucrose fatty acid ester.

6. The barrier coating composition according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises a mixture of two or more saccharide fatty acid esters having different HLB values.

7. The barrier coating composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the saccharide fatty acid ester comprises saturated fatty acid residues, unsaturated fatty acid residues, or a combination thereof.

8. The barrier coating composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer is a latex.

9. The barrier coating composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one saccharide fatty acid ester comprises a saturated sucrose fatty acid ester.

10. The barrier coating composition according to claim 9, characterized in that the sucrose fatty acid ester comprises a monoester content of approximately 10% to approximately 25%.

11. A stickiness-removing polymer composition consisting essentially of a saccharide fatty acid ester (SFAE) and a polymer, characterized in that the SFAE is a saturated SFAE and the polymer is selected from the group consisting of a styrene-butadiene latex, a styrene-acrylate latex, a carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex, an oligomer-stabilized styrene-acrylic copolymer latex, a surfactant-stabilized styrene-acrylic copolymer latex, polyvinyl acetates, ethylene-vinyl acetates, acrylics, and combinations thereof.

12. A manufactured article characterized in that it comprises the non-sticky polymer according to claim 11.

13. A method for removing the stickiness of a polymer characterized in that it comprises: mixing a saccharide fatty acid ester and a polymer, wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of a styrene-butadiene latex, a styrene-acrylate latex, a carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex, an oligomer-stabilized styrene-acrylic copolymer latex, a surfactant-stabilized styrene-acrylic copolymer latex, polyvinyl acetates, ethylene-vinyl acetates, acrylics and combinations thereof and, optionally, one or more anti-sticking agents.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the one or more non-stick agents are selected from the group consisting of mica, talc, calcium carbonate, white carbon or corn starch, lycopodium powder, titanium dioxide, silica powder, alumina, metal oxides, diatomaceous earth, and combinations thereof.

15. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that it further comprises applying said mixture to a substrate and determining the degree of polymer blocking.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that after said application, the resulting coating on said substrate exhibits reduced polymer stickiness and equivalent or improved folding ability without adversely affecting the barrier function of the coating compared to a substrate coated with the same polymer mixture that does not contain a saccharide fatty acid ester.

17. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the application of said mixture is selected from the group consisting of conventional sizing press (vertical, inclined, horizontal), gate roll sizing press, dosage sizing press, calender sizing application, tube sizing, in-machine, out-of-machine, single-sided coating machine, double-sided coating machine, short dwell time, simultaneous double-sided coating machine, knife or rod coating machine, gravure coating machine, gravure printing, spraying, flexographic printing, inkjet printing, laser printing, supercalendering, and combinations thereof.

18. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the coating is applied to the entire outer surface of a substrate, the entire inner surface of a substrate, or a combination thereof.

19. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the coating is applied to a substrate by masking.

20. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the substrate comprises cellulose-based material.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that the cellulose-based material is selected from the group consisting of paper, paper sheets, cardboard, paper pulp, a cardboard food storage box, a heat-sealed bag, a heat-sealed container, a heat-sealed bag, parchment paper, a cake board, butcher paper, non-stick paper / coating, a food storage bag, a shopping bag, a shipping bag, a bacon tray, insulating material, tea bags, a coffee or tea container, a compost bag, an eating utensil, a hot or cold beverage container, a glass, a lid, a plate, a carbonated liquid storage bottle, gift cards, a non-carbonated liquid storage bottle, food wrapping film, a garbage container, a food handling implement, a fabric fiber (e.g., cotton or cotton blends),A water storage and transport device, a container for alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverages, an outer casing or screen for electronic products, an indoor or outdoor piece of furniture, a curtain, and upholstery. > your Ñ CNNCC 83 Ñ <£, 22. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the barrier function is selected from the group consisting of resistance to oils and greases, resistance to water, resistance to water vapor, resistance to O2 and combinations thereof.

23. A method for determining the degree of blocking of an SFAE-polymer combination characterized in that it comprises: a) applying mixtures containing an SFAE and a polymer to coat the surface of a substrate, wherein the mixtures vary in SFAE-to-polymer ratios on a dry matter basis; b) contacting opposing coated surfaces of the substrate and / or contacting the coated substrate surface with an uncoated substrate at a range of temperatures and / or pressures for a selected period of time; and c) measuring the blocking strength of the mixtures, wherein the blocking strength delimits the blocking rate for a particular SFAE-to-polymer ratio.

24. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that it further comprises comparing a composition not containing SFAE as a control, wherein the amount of said polymer on a dry matter basis in said control is the same in the proportion range.

25. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that the degree of blocking delimits the range of conditions under which the mixture will or will not adhere to an opposite coated surface or to an uncoated surface for the same substrate.

26. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that the effect on the barrier properties of mixtures > tu Ñ CNNCC 84 Ñ <£ classified as blocking is determined.

27. A method for producing a heat-sealed manufactured article characterized in that it comprises: a) applying a blocking mixture comprising at least one SFAE and a polymer to a substrate surface to coat said surface; b) exposing the mixture-applied substrate to a first condition, wherein the heat and pressure applied in said first condition would result in the adhesion of the polymer in the absence of said SFAE; c) collecting said exposed substrate; d) contacting a surface of the collected exposed substrate with an opposing surface of a separate collected exposed substrate or a surface of an uncoated substrate; and e) exposing the contacting surfaces to a second condition, wherein the heat and pressure applied in said second condition result in the adhesion of the polymer in the presence of said SFAE and form a seal between the contacting surfaces.

28. The method according to claim 27, characterized in that the surface-blocking mixture is applied to partially cover the substrate.

29. The method according to claim 28, characterized in that only a surface exposed to the ambient atmosphere is covered by the blocking-rated mixture or only the surface that is not exposed to the ambient atmosphere is covered by the blocking-rated mixture.

30. The method according to claim 29, characterized in that the blocking mixture is applied by masking or printing on the surfaces.

31. A manufactured article characterized in that it is produced by the method according to claim 27.