COMPACTING MACHINE AND PLANT FOR MANUFACTURING CERAMIC ARTICLES

MX435389BActive Publication Date: 2026-06-12SACMI COOPERATIVA MECCANICI IMOLA SOC COOP ARL

Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office: MX · MX
Patent Type: Patents
Current Assignee / Owner: SACMI COOPERATIVA MECCANICI IMOLA SOC COOP ARL
Filing Date: 2023-05-29
Publication Date: 2026-06-12

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing ceramic article manufacturing plants face challenges with complex and expensive devices for selective feeding of different powder materials, leading to imprecise and non-reproducible distribution of powders, which complicates miniaturization and increases production costs.

Method used

A compacting machine and plant with a simplified feeding assembly using transverse feeding devices and a control unit to manage the distribution of multiple powder types, allowing precise and reproducible feeding of ceramic powders through a conveyor system, reducing the need for complex sealing systems and actuators.

Benefits of technology

The solution enables cost-effective, precise, and reproducible distribution of multiple powder types, facilitating miniaturization and enhancing the production of ceramic articles with defined chromatic and physical characteristics, while reducing the complexity and cost of the manufacturing process.

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Abstract

A plant (1) for manufacturing ceramic articles (T), comprising two feeding devices (10, 11), each configured to contain a powdered material (CA, CB) of a respective type, and to feed this powdered material to a conveyor assembly (5). The plant (1) further comprises an operating device (18), configured to allow the powdered material (CA, CB) to be selectively discharged from zones (16, 17) of the feeding devices (10, 11) arranged in succession, transversely to the direction of movement (A), by vertically and independently moving a plurality of transfer moving parts (23), each provided with a transit channel (24), through which the powdered material (CA, CB) is moved to reach the conveyor assembly (5).

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Description

COMPACTING MACHINE AND PLANT FOR MANUFACTURING CERAMIC ARTICLES CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This patent application claims priority over Italian patent application no. 102020000029294, filed on December 1, 2020, the full description of which is incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a compacting machine and a plant for manufacturing ceramic articles. TECHNICAL BACKGROUND In the field of ceramic article production (particularly slabs; more specifically, tiles), the use of machines for compacting semi-dry powders (ceramic powders; moisture content of approximately 5-6%) is common. These machines comprise ceramic powder feeding devices of various types. These machines are frequently used to manufacture products that imitate natural stones, such as marble and / or granite. 52 / 1835 / 23 These products have internal veins distributed randomly within the thickness of the products. Alternatively or additionally, it may be advantageous to use powders of different types, to obtain articles with particular structural and / or physical characteristics. In some cases, mixtures of powders of different colors are placed with a random distribution inside the cavities of steel molds, and then compressed to obtain, for example, slabs of compacted powder. The production of slabs with a random distribution of powders of different colors has also been proposed using continuous compacting machines, comprising a conveyor assembly, to transport (in a substantially continuous manner) the powder material along a given path through a workstation, in the area of which, a compacting device is arranged, which is adapted, through the cooperation of pressure rollers, to compact the powder material, to obtain a layer of compacted powder. An example of a continuous machine for compacting ceramic powder is described in the international patent application with publication number WO2005 / 068146, 52 / 1835 / 23 by the same Applicant as the present application. It is also known to manufacture (for example, by means of digital printing) a graphic decoration on the compacted ceramic powder layer, to make the finished article visually more similar to a natural product. International patent application WO2018 / 163124 by the same Applicant describes a plant for manufacturing ceramic articles, comprising two feeding devices, each of which is adapted to contain a powdered material of a respective type, and feeds this powdered material to a conveyor assembly; furthermore, the plant comprises an operating device, which is adapted to allow the powdered material to be selectively discharged from zones of the feeding devices arranged in succession, transverse to the direction of movement, and a control unit that controls the operating device as a function of a desired reference distribution, and how far the conveyor assembly moves the powdered material.In particular, the operating device comprises a plurality of operating units, each of which is arranged in the area of a respective zone, to regulate the passage of material through this zone. 52 / 1835 / 23 However, the plants currently available for manufacturing ceramic articles have some disadvantages. These include the following: The devices that allow the selective feeding of different types of powdered material are relatively complex, complicated (and therefore difficult to miniaturize, which also leads to difficulties in increasing the resolution of the distribution), and expensive. Furthermore, they do not always allow for a precise and repeatable distribution of the powders to be produced. The object of the present invention is to provide a compacting machine and plant that allows the known disadvantages of the art to be at least partially overcome, and that are at the same time simple and cheap to manufacture. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, a compacting machine and a plant for manufacturing ceramic articles are provided, as claimed in the appended independent claims below, and preferably in any of the claims directly or indirectly dependent on the independent claims. 52 / 1835 / 23 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The invention is described herein below, with reference to the accompanying drawings, which describe some non-limiting embodiments thereof, where: - Figure 1 is a schematic and side view of a plant, according to the present invention; - Figures 2 and 3 are side views of an internal part of the plant in Figure 1, in two different operating configurations; - Figure 4 is a perspective view of a component of Figures 2 and 3; - Figure 5 is a perspective view that includes part of Figures 2 and 3; - Figure 6 is a perspective view, with some components removed for clarity, of a portion of Figures 2 and 3; Figures 7, 8 and 9 are side views of a different modality of the part of Figures 2 and 3, in different operating configurations; - Figure 10 is a perspective view of a component of Figures 7, 8 and 9; - Figure 11 is a perspective and schematic view of part of the plan of Figure 1; Figures 12 and 13 are side views of a different modality of the part shown in Figures 2 and 3, in 52 / 1835 / 23 different operating configurations; - Figure 14 is a front view of a different modality of the component in Figures 4 and 10; - Figure 15 is a virtual representation of a part of the plant control process in Figure 1; and - Figures 16, 17, 18 and 19 are side views of a different modality of the part of Figures 2 and 3, in different operating configurations. bi oncn / cznz / a / v DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In Figure 1, the reference number (1) indicates, as a whole, a plant for manufacturing ceramic articles T. The plant (1) is provided with a compacting machine (2) for compacting a CP powder material, comprising ceramic powder (in particular, the CP powder material is ceramic powder; more particularly, the ceramic powder has a moisture content of approximately 5-6%). In particular, the ceramic T articles produced are slabs (more precisely, tiles). The machine (2) comprises a compacting device (3), which is arranged in the area of a workstation (4), and is adapted (configured to) compact the powder material CP, to obtain a layer of the powder 52 / 1835 / 23 compacted KP; and a conveyor assembly (5) (configured) to convey (in a substantially continuous manner) the powder material CP, along a portion PA of a given path from an input station (6) to the work station (4), in a direction of movement A (in particular, substantially horizontal), and the layer of compacted powder KP from the work station (4) along a portion PB of the given path to an output station (7) (in particular, in direction A). In particular, the given path consists of the portions PA and PB. According to the non-limiting modalities, the compacting device (3) is configured to exert a pressure of at least approximately 350 kg / cm2 (in particular, at least approximately 380 kg / cm2; in particular, up to approximately 450 kg / cm2; more particularly, up to approximately 420 kg / cm2) on the CP powder material. With particular reference to Figures 2, 3, 5-9, 12 and 13, the machine (2) is also provided with a feeding assembly (9), comprising a feeding device (10) and a feeding device (11), which are arranged above the conveyor assembly (5). The feeding device (10) comprises a respective containment chamber (12), which has at least one opening 52 / 1835 / 23 relative outlet (13), the longitudinal extent of which is transverse (in particular, perpendicular) to the direction of movement A (this longitudinal extent is, in particular, substantially horizontal). The second feeding device (11) comprises at least one respective containment chamber (14), which has a relative outlet (15), the longitudinal extent of which is transverse (in particular, perpendicular) to the direction of movement A (this longitudinal extent is, in particular, substantially horizontal). In particular, the longitudinal extents of the outlets (13) and (15) are substantially parallel to each other. More precisely, the containment chamber (12) is adapted (configured to) contain a powder material CA (ceramic) of a first type, and the containment chamber (14) is adapted (configured to) contain a powder material CB (ceramic) of a second type. According to certain non-limiting specifications, the CA and CB powder materials (both ceramic) have different colors. This allows for the creation of chromatic effects within the thickness of the ceramic articles. These chromatic effects are visible, for example, on the edges of the ceramic articles. Alternatively, the CA and CB powder materials can be adapted to produce different 52 / 1835 / 23 physical characteristics in ceramic articles T. Specifically, powder material CP consists of one or both of powder materials CA and CB. More precisely, powder material CP comprises (consists of) powder materials CA and CB. According to some embodiments (such as those described), the feeding device (10) comprises a (single) containment chamber (12), while the feeding device (11) comprises two containment chambers (14) and (14') (arranged on opposite sides of the containment chamber (12)). Furthermore, each containment chamber (14) and (14') has a respective outlet (15) and (15') (in particular, substantially oriented towards each other). The outlet (13) has respective passage zones (16) (see, in particular, Figures 5 and 6), arranged in succession along the longitudinal extent of the outlet (13). The outlet (15) (and the outlet (15')) have respective passage zones (17), arranged in succession along the longitudinal extent of the outlet (15). The feeding assembly (9) further comprises an operating device (18) (see, in particular, Figure 2), which is adapted (configured to) allow the powdered material to be selectively discharged through 52 / 1835 / 23 one or more of the passage zones (16) and (17). In particular, each passage zone (16) is arranged next to (more precisely, above; in particular, associated with) a respective passage zone (17). Advantageously, but not necessarily, the machine (1) further comprises (Figure 1) a control unit (20) adapted to store a reference distribution (21) (Figure 15) of the first and second type CA and CB powder materials (to be obtained) in the CP powder material conveyed by the conveyor assembly (5), and to control the operating device (18) as a function of the reference distribution (21). More particularly, the control unit (20) is adapted to control the operating device (18) to reproduce the reference distribution (21) in the conveyor assembly (5). According to some non-limiting embodiments, the machine (1) further comprises a detection device (19) (for example, an encoder) for detecting the length to which the conveyor assembly (5) transports the powder material CP along the given path (in the direction of movement A), in particular, along the portion PA. In these cases, in particular, the control unit (20) is 52 / 1835 / 23 adapts (configures to) control the operating device (18), as a function of the data detected by the sensing device (19), and of the reference distribution (21). More particularly, the control unit (20) is adapted (configures to) control the operating device (18), as a function of the data detected by the sensing device (19), to reproduce (in the assembly of the conveyor (5)) the reference distribution (21). According to some non-limiting embodiments (see, in particular, Figures 5 and 6), the operating device (18) comprises a plurality of operating units (22) (only four of which are described in Figures 5 and 6), each of which is arranged in the area of a respective passage zone (16) and (17), and is adapted (configured to) regulate the passage of the powdered material through the respective passage zones (16) and (17). In particular, the operating units (22) are arranged in succession (in a transverse direction, in particular substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement A), along the longitudinal extent of the outlet (13) and the outlet (15). Advantageously, but not necessarily, the control unit (20) is configured to control each operating unit (22) independently of the 52 / 1835 / 23 other operating units (22) (as a function of the data detected by the detection device (19) and of the reference distribution (21)). In particular, in use, the control unit (20) (virtually) moves the reference distribution (21) along a virtual path VP (Figure 15), through a virtual reference front RP, as a function of (according to) the data detected by the detection device (19).The virtual reference front VP has a plurality of positions, each of which corresponds to a passage area (16) and a passage area (17), associated with each other; the control unit (20) operates the feeding assembly (9) (in particular, the feeding devices (10) and (11); more particularly, the operating device (18); even more particularly, the operating units (22)), to allow the powder material to exit at a specific instant through the passage areas (16) and / or (17), as a function of the type of powder material provided at the specific instant, in the reference distribution (21), in the positions of the virtual reference front RP, which correspond to the passage areas (16) and / or (17). Advantageously, but not necessarily (see, in particular, Figures 2, 3, 5-9 and 12-14), each unit of 52 / 1835 / 23 operation (22) comprises a respective movable transfer part (23), having a transit channel (24) (i.e., a recessed corridor or conduit), provided with at least one inlet (25) and at least one outlet (26), disposed below the inlet (25), and a respective actuator (27) (Figure 5), for moving the movable transfer part (23) to a first position FP, in which the transit channel (24) is connected to the containment chamber (12) (Figures 3, 9 and 13), so that the powder material CA of the first type is moved from the containment chamber (12) to the transit channel (24) (in particular, through the channel (24) itself; more particularly, through the inlet (25);even more particularly, through the outlet mouth (13)), and at least to a second SP position, which is disposed below the first FP position, and in which the transit channel (24) is connected to the containment chamber (14) (Figures 2, 8 and 12), so that the powdered CB material of the second type moves from the containment chamber (14) (and / or (14')) to the transit channel (24) (in particular, through the channel (24) itself; more particularly, through the inlet (25); even more particularly, through the outlet mouth (15)). In other words, each actuator (27) is configured to move (in particular, substantially vertically), the moving transfer part (23) (at least) 52 / 1835 / 23 between the first FP position and the second SP position and vice versa. In other words, each actuator (27) is configured to move (in particular, substantially vertically) the moving part (23) (at least) from the first position FP to the second position SP and vice versa. It should be noted that, since the channel (24) is part of the moving part (23), (the channel (24)) moves together with the moving part (23). In particular, the second SP position is located lower than (specifically, below) the first FP position. In other words, the first FP position is located higher than (above) the second SP position. It should be noted that the structure and operation of the operating units (22) described above are particularly simple and inexpensive. For example, with a single actuator (27), it is possible to selectively and immediately feed two or (as will be explained in more detail below) more types of powdered material to the conveyor assembly (5). Furthermore, the need for gaskets (and / or sealing systems) is greatly reduced. In particular, the second SP position is located lower than (specifically, below) the first FP position. In other words, the first FP position is located higher than (above) the second SP position. bi oncn / cznz / a / v 52 / 1835 / 23 In this way, it is possible to obtain a more precise feeding of the powder: each type of powder passes through the same outlet (26) (therefore, in the same position). Advantageously, but not necessarily, each actuator (27) is configured to move the respective moving part (23) between the first position FP and the second position SP in a direction (in particular, substantially vertical) transverse (in particular, substantially perpendicular) to direction A. According to some non-limiting modalities, the transit channel (24) is configured (structure), so that the powder material CA and / or CB flows (more particularly, due to the force of gravity) through the transit channel (24) itself (from the inlet (25) and / or from an additional inlet (28), described in more detail below, to the outlet (26)). Additionally or alternatively, the transit channel (24) is configured (structure) so that the powder material CA and / or CB exits (more particularly, due to the force of gravity) from the channel (24) itself, through the outlet (26). According to some non-limiting modalities (see, in particular, Figures 2 and 3), (each operating unit (22) is configured so that, when the moving transfer part (23) is) in the first position 52 / 1835 / 23 FP, the inlet (25) is oriented towards the outlet (13). More precisely, but not necessarily, (each operating unit (22) is configured so that, when the transfer moving part (23) is) in the first FP position, the moving part (23) is (at least) partially disposed within the containment chamber (12) (in particular, the inlet (25) is within the containment chamber (12)). In particular, each operating unit (22) is configured so that, when the transfer moving part (23) is in the first FP position, the moving part (23) (at least partially; more particularly, completely) closes the outlet mouth (13). Additionally or alternatively, (when the moving transfer part is) in the second SP position, the inlet (25) is oriented towards the outlet mouth (15). With particular reference to Figures 4, 10, 12 and 14, advantageously but not necessarily, each transit channel (24) is provided with at least one additional inlet (28); (each operating unit (22) is configured so that, when the respective moving transfer part (23) is in the first FP position, the inlet (28) is connected to the containment chamber (12), so that the powder material CA of the first type moves from the chamber 52 / 1835 / 23 containment (12) to the transit channel (24) (through the entrance (28)). In particular, (when the movable transfer part (23) is) in the second SP position, the inlet (28) is arranged so that the second-type CB powder material moves (from the feeding device (11)) to the channel (24) (also) through the inlet (28). More particularly, (when the movable transfer part (23) is) in the second SP position, the inlet (28) is arranged so that it connects to the additional containment chamber (14') (of the feeding device (11) and, more particularly, containing the second-type CB powder material), so that the second-type CB powder material moves from the containment chamber (14') to the transit channel (24) (through the inlet (28)). More particularly, the inlet (28) is oriented towards the additional outlet (15') of the containment chamber (14'). For example, the containment chamber (12) is located between the containment chambers (14) and (14'). According to some non-limiting embodiments, the inlet (25) and the additional inlet (28) are arranged at least partially on opposite sides of the respective movable transfer part (23). In other words, the inlet (25) and the additional inlet (28) (at least 52 / 1835 / 23 partially), are oriented on opposite sides with respect to the respective moving part (23). Advantageously, but not necessarily, each outlet (26) is downward-facing. Advantageously, but not necessarily, as best described in Figures 5 and 6, the transfer moving parts (23) are arranged in succession, transverse to the direction of movement A (in particular, along the outlet mouth (13) and the second outlet mouth (15); more particularly, also along the outlet mouth (15'); more particularly, along an additional outlet mouth (29) of an additional containment chamber (30), described in more detail below), so that each moving part (23) is in contact (in particular, in a sealed manner, i.e., to prevent the passage of particles of powder material CP) with the adjacent transfer moving parts (23). In this way, it is possible to avoid the use of expensive and complex airtight partitions (especially difficult to assemble) arranged between adjacent operating units (22) (the use of which is recommended instead in the machine described in patent application WO2018 / 163124). Furthermore, there is even less need to use gaskets (and / or sealing systems), which are relatively expensive, difficult to assemble, and prone to wear. 52 / 1835 / 23 In particular, each actuator (27) is configured to move the respective transfer moving part (23), so that the respective transfer moving part (23) slides in contact with the adjacent transfer moving parts (23). According to some non-limiting embodiments, each movable transfer part (23) comprises a respective base wall (32), which partially delimits the transit channel (24). In particular, each base wall (32) is transverse to a direction of the longitudinal extension of the outlet mouth (13) and, in particular, of the outlet mouth (15). More specifically, each base wall (32) is substantially parallel to the direction of movement A. Advantageously, but not necessarily, each moving transfer part (23) does not have a wall opposite the base wall (32). In other words, the channel (24) is a cavity (open at the top) in the body of the moving part (23), which therefore has at least one raised portion (34) with respect to the channel (24) (see, in particular, Figures 4 and 10; in the particular case, there are three raised portions (34)). Manufacturing the moving parts (23) in this shape is particularly simple. Furthermore, this method makes it more difficult for obstructions to form (e.g., 52 / 1835 / 23 caused by lumps of powdered material), along the channel (24). According to some non-limiting modalities, at least one of the channels (24) (in particular, each channel (24) except one), is delimited by the opposite part of the respective base wall (32) (in other words, the base wall (32) of the respective movable part (23), by the base wall (32) of the adjacent transfer movable part (23) (arranged on the opposite side of the respective base wall (32). In particular (Figures 5 and 6), each actuator (27) is configured to move the respective transfer moving part (23) such that the respective transfer moving part (23) slides in contact with the adjacent transfer moving parts (23). In other words, each moving part (23) moves so that its base wall (32) slides in contact with the portions (34) of the adjacent moving part (23), and / or so that its portions (34) slide in contact with the base wall (32) of the adjacent moving part. With particular reference to Figures 2, 3, 7-9, 12 and 13 (in which the following description is exemplified), advantageously but not necessarily, each operating unit (22) comprises a respective operating rod (33), which is integral with the part 52 / 1835 / 23 respective movable part (23), and is connected to the respective actuator (27) (Figure 5), to transfer the motion of the actuator (27) to the movable part (23). According to some non-limiting embodiments, the operating rod (33) extends upwards (particularly vertically) from the movable part (23) (in particular, from an upper end of the movable part (23)) through the containment chamber (12). For example, the actuator (27) comprises a pneumatic operating element or an electric motor (particularly linear). Advantageously, but not necessarily, the actuator (27) is arranged above the containment chamber (12). According to some non-limiting, undescribed modalities, each actuator (27) is configured to move the respective transfer moving part (23) to an intermediate position (in particular, to hold it in this position), which is between the first position FP and the second position SP, and in which the respective transit channel (24) is connected to the containment chamber (12), so that the powder material CA moves from the containment chamber (12) to the transit channel (24) (through the outlet mouth (13)), and is connected to the containment chamber (14), so that the powder material CB moves from the containment chamber (14) to the transit channel (24) (in particular, through the outlet mouth (15)). 52 / 1835 / 23 With particular reference to Figures 7 to 9, advantageously but not necessarily, the feeding assembly (9) comprises at least one other feeding device (30'), which is disposed above the conveyor assembly (5) (in particular, in the area of the inlet station (6)), and which comprises a respective containment chamber (30), configured to contain a powdered material of a third type (ceramic material not specifically described), and which has a relative outlet (29), the longitudinal extent of which is transverse (in particular, perpendicular) to the direction of movement A (this longitudinal extent is, in particular, substantially horizontal). In particular, the longitudinal extent of the outlet (29) is substantially parallel to the longitudinal extent of the outlets (13) and (15). According to some formulations, the third type of powder material has a different color than that of the CA and CB powder materials. This makes it possible to create chromatic effects within the thickness of the T ceramic articles. These chromatic effects are, for example, visible on the edges of the T ceramic articles. Alternatively or additionally, the third type of powder material is adapted (configured to) produce different physical characteristics in the bi oncn / cznz / a / v 52 / 1835 / 23 ceramic articles T, with respect to powder materials CA and CB. In particular, powder material CP consists of one of the three powder materials or (advantageously) of all three powder materials. More precisely, powder material CP comprises (consists of) powder material of the third type and powder materials CA and CB. The outlet 29 has respective passage zones (31), arranged in succession along the longitudinal extension of the third outlet (29). In particular, each passage zone (31) is arranged next to (more precisely, between; in particular, associated with) a respective passage zone (17), and a respective passage zone (16). In particular, the operating device (18) is configured to permit (in particular, and / or prevent) the exit of the third type of powder material through the passage zones (31); each operating unit (22) is disposed in the area of a respective passage zone (31) and is configured to regulate the passage of the third type of powder material through the respective passage zone (31). More specifically, each actuator (27) is configured to move the movable transfer part (23) to at least a third position TP (Figure 8), in which 52 / 1835 / 23 the transit channel (24) is connected to the containment chamber (30), so that the powder material of the third type moves from the containment chamber (30) to the transit channel (24) (in particular, through the outlet mouth (29)). More precisely, but not necessarily, (each operating unit (22) is configured so that, when the moving transfer part (23) is) in the third TP position, the inlet (28) is oriented towards the outlet mouth (29). In particular, the third TP position is between the first FP position and the second SP position. According to some non-limiting modalities, the third TP position is placed lower than (specifically, below) the first FP position. In other words, the first FP position is placed higher than (above) the third TP position. Alternatively, the second SP position is located lower than (specifically, below) the third TP position. In other words, the third TP position is located higher than (above) the second SP position. Advantageously, but not necessarily, each actuator (27) is configured to move the respective moving part (23) between the first FP position and the third 52 / 1835 / 23 TP position, and between the third TP position and the second SP position in a direction (in particular, substantially vertical) transverse (in particular, substantially perpendicular) to direction A. Advantageously, but not necessarily, (each operating unit (22) is configured so that, when the moving transfer part (23) is) in the third position TP, the powder material CA and / or CB coming from the feeding devices (10) and / or (11) (in particular, from the containment chambers (12) and / or (14)), does not enter the transit channel (24). Additionally or alternatively (similarly), (each operating unit (22) is configured so that, when the moving transfer part (23) is) in the second SP position, the first type CA powder material and / or the third type powder material coming from the feeding devices (10) and / or (30') (in particular, from the containment chambers (12) and / or (30)), do not enter the transit channel (24). Additionally or alternatively (in an analogous manner), (each operating unit (22) is configured so that, when the moving transfer part (23) is) in the first position SP, the powder material CB of the second type and / or the powder material of the third type, coming from the feeding devices (11) and / or (30') (in 52 / 1835 / 23 in particular, from the containment chambers (14) and / or (30)), do not enter the transit channel (24). According to some non-limiting embodiments (see, in particular, Figures 16-19), the feeding assembly (9) comprises at least one additional feeding device (10') (in the particular case, four) (structurally and functionally similar to the feeding device (30')), which is disposed above the conveyor assembly (5) (and below the feeding device (30')), and which comprises a respective containment chamber (12') (similar to the containment chamber (30)), configured to contain a powder material of a fourth type (ceramic material not specifically described), and which has a relative (fourth) outlet (50) (similar to the outlet (29)), the longitudinal extension of which is transverse (in particular, perpendicular) to the direction of movement A (this longitudinal extension is, in particular, substantially horizontal). In particular, the longitudinal extension of the outlet mouth (50) is substantially parallel to the longitudinal extension of the outlet mouths (13), (15) and (29). According to some specifications, the powder material of type four has a different color than that of powder materials CA and CB, and of type three. 52 / 1835 / 23 In this way, it is possible to create particular chromatic effects in the thickness of the ceramic articles T. These chromatic effects are, for example, visible on the edges of the ceramic articles T. Alternatively or additionally, the powder material of the fourth type is adapted (configured to) produce different physical characteristics in the ceramic articles T, with respect to the powder materials CA and CB and of the third type. In particular, powder material CP consists of one of the four types of powder materials or (advantageously) of all four types of powder materials. More precisely, powder material CP comprises (consists of) powder material of type four, type three, and powder materials CA and CB. The fourth outlet (50) has respective fourth passage zones (51) (similar to passage zones (31)), arranged in succession along the longitudinal extension of the fourth outlet (50) itself. In particular, each fourth passage zone (51) is arranged next to (more precisely, between; in particular, associated with) a respective passage zone (31), a passage zone (17) and a respective passage zone (16). In particular, the operating device (18) is configured to allow (in particular, and / or prevent) the fourth type of powder material from exiting through the 52 / 1835 / 23 fourth passage zones (51); each operating unit (22) is disposed in the area of a respective fourth passage zone (51), and is configured to regulate the passage of the fourth type of powder material through the respective fourth passage zone (51). More particularly, each actuator (27) is configured to move the movable transfer part (23) to at least a fourth FFP position, in which the transit channel (24) is connected to the containment chamber (12') of the fourth feeding device, so that the fourth type of powder material is moved to the transit channel (24) (in particular, through the fourth outlet). More precisely, but not necessarily, (each operating unit (22) is configured so that, when the moving transfer part (23) is) in the fourth FFP position, the input (28) is oriented towards the fourth output mouth (50). Advantageously, but not necessarily, (each operating unit (22) is configured so that, when the moving transfer part (23) is) in the fourth FFP position, the powder material of the third type and / or CA and / or CB coming from the feeding devices (30' ) and / or (10) and / or (11) (in particular, from the containment chambers (30) and / or 12 and / or (14)), does not enter the transit channel (24). 52 / 1835 / 23 According to some non-limiting modalities, the fourth FFP position is placed lower than (in particular, below) the first FP position. In other words, the first FP position is placed higher than (above) the fourth FFP position. Alternatively, the fourth FFP position is located lower than (specifically, below) the third TP position. In other words, the third TP position is located higher than (above) the fourth FFP position. Alternatively, the fourth FFP position is located lower than (specifically, below) the second SP position. In other words, the second SP position is located higher than (above) the fourth FFP position. Advantageously, but not necessarily, each actuator (27) is configured to move the respective moving part (23) between the first position FP and the fourth position FFP, between the third position TP and the fourth position FFP, and between the second position SP and the fourth position FFP, in a direction (in particular, substantially vertical) transverse (in particular, substantially perpendicular) to direction A. Advantageously, but not necessarily, the feed assembly (9) comprises a chamber of 52 / 1835 / 23 transfer (35), which is formed to contain the powder material CP received from the feeding device (10) (more precisely from the containment chamber (12)), and from the feeding device (11) (more precisely, from the containment chamber (14)) (in particular, also from the feeding device (30'); more precisely, from the containment chamber (30)), through the channels (24), and to transfer the powder material CP to the conveyor assembly (5), in the area of the inlet station (6). The transfer chamber (35) is arranged between the feeding device (10) (more precisely, the containment chamber (12)), and the feeding device (11) (more precisely, the containment chamber (14)) (in particular, also the feeding device (30'); more precisely, the containment chamber (30)), on one side and the conveyor assembly (5) on the other; in particular, the moving transfer parts (23) are mounted to slide along at least part of the transfer chamber (35). The transfer chamber (35) has a first wall (36) (in particular, transverse to the direction of movement A), and at least one second wall (37) (in particular, transverse to the direction of movement A, in particular, parallel to wall (36)), which is oriented to 52 / 1835 / 23 the wall (36) , and is arranged upstream of the wall (36), with respect to the direction of movement A. The transfer chamber (35) has a loading segment CT (in particular, substantially vertical), which is transverse (in particular, substantially perpendicular) to the direction of movement A, and disposed below the containment chamber (12) and the containment chamber (14) (in particular, also the containment chamber (30)), a discharge segment DT provided with a discharge opening DO, oriented at least partially in the direction of movement A, for transferring the powder material CP to the conveyor assembly (5), and a joining segment RT, which is curved and disposed between the loading segment CT and the discharge segment DT. It has been experimentally observed that this particular structure causes a deformation of the relative distribution of the powder materials CA and CB as these powder materials move from the feed assembly (9) to the conveyor assembly (5). With reference, for example, to Figure 11, it can be seen how the powder material CA tilts, forming a sort of stain. Advantageously, but not necessarily, each moving part (23) is configured to compensate for at least bi oncn / cznz / a / v 52 / 1835 / 23 partially, the different lengths covered by the different parts of the CP powder material along the RT bonding segment (Figures 12-14). In particular, each movable transfer part (23) has a rear side wall (34') and a front side wall (34), arranged in succession (the side wall (34) downstream of the side wall (34')) in the direction of movement A, and which laterally delimit the respective transit channel (24). It should be noted that the side walls (34') and (34) are parts of the raised portions (34). According to some non-limiting modalities, the movable part (23) also has an upper wall (34*), which delimits the respective traffic channel (24) at the top. The upper wall (34*) is part of the elevated portion (34). According to some non-limiting modalities (Figure 14), the side wall (34) has a convex curvature towards the inside of the channel (24), which is greater than the inward curvature of the side wall (34'). In this way, the trajectory of the particles of the powder material CP near the side wall (34) and the aforementioned deformation of the relative distribution of the powder materials CA and CB are at least partially compensated. 52 / 1835 / 23 Alternatively or additionally (Figures 12 and 13), inlets (25) and (28) are at different heights. In particular, inlet (28), located upstream of inlet (25) with respect to direction A, is at a higher height than inlet (25). In this case as well, the previously mentioned distortion of the relative distribution of powder materials CA and CB is at least partially compensated. According to certain non-limiting embodiments, the plant (1) comprises a printing device (38) (Figure 1), adapted to create a graphic decoration on the layer of compacted ceramic powder KP conveyed by the conveyor assembly (5), and arranged in the area of a printing station (39) (arranged upstream of the output station (7)), along the given path (in particular, along portion PB), downstream of the workstation (4). The control unit (20) is adapted to control the printing device (38) to create a graphic decoration coordinated with the reference distribution (21), in particular, such that a graphic decoration with a particular color is selectively reproduced in the area of the powder material CA (or CB). Advantageously, but not necessarily, the plant 52 / 1835 / 23 (1) comprises an additional application assembly (40) for at least partially covering the compacted powder layer KP with a layer of an additional powder material. In particular, the application assembly (40) is arranged along the given path (more precisely, along portion PA), upstream of the workstation (4) (and upstream of the printing station (39)). In particular, the machine (1) further comprises a cutting assembly (41) for cutting the compacted ceramic powder layer KP transversely to obtain slabs (42), each of which has a portion of the compacted ceramic powder layer KP. More particularly, the cutting assembly (41) is arranged along portion PB of the given path (between the workstation (4) and the printing station (39)). The slabs (42) comprise (consist of) compacted ceramic powder KP. Advantageously, but not necessarily, the cutting assembly (41) comprises at least one cutting blade (43), which is adapted to come into contact with the compacted ceramic powder layer KP, to cut it transversely. According to some non-limiting modalities, the cutting assembly (41) also comprises at least two 52 / 1835 / 23 additional blades (44), arranged on opposite sides of portion PB, and adapted to cut the compacted ceramic powder layer KP and define the lateral edges of the slabs (42) (and substantially parallel to direction A), optionally subdividing the slab into two or more longitudinal portions. In some specific cases, the cutting assembly (41) is the same as that described in patent application EP1415780. In particular, the plant (1) comprises at least one firing oven (45) for sintering the compacted powder layer KP of the slabs (42), to obtain the ceramic articles T. More particularly, the firing oven (45) is arranged along the given path (more precisely, along portion PB), downstream of the printing station (39) (and upstream of the output station (7)). According to some non-limiting modalities, the plant (1) also comprises a dryer (46), which is arranged along the PB portion, downstream of the workstation (4), and upstream of the printing station (39). According to some non-limiting modalities, the assembly of the conveyor (5) comprises a conveyor belt (47), which extends (and is adapted to 52 / 1835 / 23 move) from the entry station (6) and through the workstation (4), along (more precisely, part of) the given path mentioned above. In some cases, the feeding assembly (9) is adapted to move a layer of the CP powder material (not compacted) to (on) the conveyor belt (47) (in the area of the inlet station (6)); the compacting device (3) is adapted to exert on the CP ceramic powder layer, a transverse pressure (in particular, normal) to the surface of the conveyor belt (47). According to some non-limiting modalities, a succession of transport rollers is provided downstream of the belt (47). According to some embodiments, in particular, the compacting device (3) comprises at least two compression rollers (48), arranged on opposite sides of the conveyor belt (47) (one above and one below), to exert pressure on the powder material CP, to compact the powder material CP itself (and obtain the compacted powder layer KP). Although only two rollers (48) are described in Figure 1, according to some variants, it is also possible to provide a plurality of rollers (48), arranged above and below the conveyor belt (47), as described, for example, in patent EP1641607B1, 52 / 1835 / 23 from which the additional details of the compacting device (3) can be deduced. Advantageously (as in the embodiment described in Figure 1), but not necessarily, the compacting device (3) comprises a pressure band (49), which converges towards the conveyor belt (47) in the direction of movement A. In this way, a pressure, which gradually increases in direction A, is exerted (from top to bottom) on the powdered material CP, to compact it. According to the specific embodiments (such as the one described in Figure 1), the compacting device also comprises an opposing belt (49'), arranged on the opposite side of the conveyor belt (47) with respect to the pressure belt (49), to cooperate with the conveyor belt (47) in order to provide an appropriate response to the downward force exerted by the pressure belt (49). In particular, the pressure belt (49) and the opposing belt (49') are made (primarily) of metal (steel) so that they cannot be substantially deformed while pressure is exerted on the ceramic powder. According to some undescribed modalities, the band 52 / 1835 / 23 (mainly) metal (steel), and the band bet (49'; is absent. Advantageously but not necessarily (with particular reference to Figures 16-19), the operating device (18) comprises a protective system for the operating units (22) (in particular, for the operating rods (33)); in particular, the protective system is adapted to reduce the risk of (in particular, to prevent) the operating rods (33) (and the upper part of the moving parts (23); more precisely but not necessarily, the upper part (34*)), coming into contact with the powdered material (e.g., CA and / or CB). In this way, the operation of each operating unit (22) is improved, reducing the force required to move (especially upwards), the moving parts (23), and the wear of the various parts. More specifically, this protective system comprises two walls (52) arranged transversely to direction A (in particular, substantially perpendicular), on opposite sides of the operating rods (33), in succession along direction A. In other words, the walls (52) define a sliding channel (in particular, transverse to direction A; more specifically, substantially vertical), so that the 52 / 1835 / 23 operating rods (33) and (partially) , for the moving part (23) (in particular, for the upper wall (34*)). Advantageously, but not necessarily, the walls (52) and the top wall (34*) are of such length that at least part of the top wall is within the channel delimited by the walls (52), in any of the FP and SP positions (and optionally TP; and optionally FFP) of the moving part (23). With the plant and method according to the present invention, several advantages over the prior art can be obtained. These include the following: reduced costs and complexity; the possibility of obtaining a reproducible and precise distribution of even more than two types of powders; reproducible creation of veins of different materials (and therefore, for example, of different colors, even more than two) within the thickness of the articles; and the creation of veins within the thickness of the articles (and therefore visible at the edges of the articles) in a coordinated position with respect to the surface decorations obtained by printing. In particular, with regard to patent application WO2018 / 163124, it should be noted that according to the present invention, it is also possible to reduce the number of actuators by half, thereby saving money. 52 / 1835 / 23 obtaining a technical simplification (also in relation to the handling of relative motion), and making possible miniaturization (and therefore greater precision and accuracy and definition in the manufacture of the particular distribution shapes of the powder material CA, in the powder material CB). Unless expressly stated otherwise, the content of the references (articles, books, patent applications, etc.) cited in this text is fully referenced herein. In particular, the references mentioned above are incorporated herein by reference. A / E / ZUZO / UOUO 14

Claims

1. A compacting machine (2) for compacting a powdered material (CP) comprising ceramic powder; the compacting machine (2) comprises a compacting device (3), disposed in the area of a workstation (4) and configured to compact the powdered material (CP) to obtain a layer of compacted powder (KP); a conveyor assembly (5) for conveying the powdered material (CP) along a first portion (PA) of a given path, in a direction of movement (A) from an input station (6) to the workstation (4), and the layer of compacted powder (KP) along a second portion (PB) of the given path from the workstation (4) to an output station (7); and a feeding assembly (9), configured to feed the powdered material (CP) to the conveyor assembly (5) in the area of the input station (6);The feeding assembly (9) comprises a first feeding device (10) and at least a second feeding device (11), which are arranged above the conveyor assembly (5); the first feeding device (10) comprises at least a respective first containment chamber (12), which is configured to contain a powder material (CA) of a first type, and has at least a first relative outlet (13), the longitudinal extension of which is transverse (in particular, perpendicular) to the direction of movement (A); the second feeding device (11) comprises at least a respective second containment chamber (14), which is configured to contain a powder material (CB) of a second type, and which has a second relative outlet (15), the longitudinal extension of which is transverse (in particular, perpendicular) to the direction of movement (A);the first outlet (13) has respective first passage zones (16), which are arranged in succession along the longitudinal extension of the first outlet (13); the second outlet (15) has respective second passage zones (17), which are arranged in succession along the longitudinal extension of the second outlet (15); The feeding assembly (9) further comprises an operating device (18), which is configured to allow the powder material (CA; CB) to exit through the first and second passage zones (16, 17) and / or to prevent it from doing so, and comprises a plurality of operating units (22), each positioned in the area of a respective first passage zone (16) and a respective second passage zone (17), and configured to regulate the passage of the powder material (CA; CB) through the respective first and second passage zones (16, 17);the compacting machine (2), wherein each operating unit (22) comprises a respective movable transfer part (23), having a transit channel (24) provided with at least one inlet (25; 28) and at least one outlet (26) disposed below the inlet (25; 28), and a respective actuator (27), for moving the movable transfer part (23) to a first position (FP), in which the transit channel (24) is connected to the first containment chamber (12), so that powder material (CA) of the first type is moved from the first containment chamber (12) to the transit channel (24), and at least to a second position (SP), in which the transit channel (24) is connected to the second containment chamber (14), so that powder material (CB) of the second type is moved from the second containment chamber (14) to the transit channel (24); the second position (SP) is arranged lower than (in particular, below) the first position (FP).; 2. The compacting machine according to claim 1, wherein in the first position (FP), the inlet (25; 28) is oriented towards the first outlet (13), and in the second position (SP), the inlet (25; 28) is oriented towards the second outlet (15). 52 / 1835 / 23 3. The compacting machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each transit channel (24) is provided with at least one additional inlet (28); in the first position, the additional inlet (28) is connected to the first containment chamber (12), so that the powder material (CA) of the first type moves from the first containment chamber (12) to the transit channel (24), and, in particular, in the second position, the additional inlet (28) is oriented towards a second additional outlet (15') of an additional containment chamber (14') of the second feeding device (11).

4. The compacting machine according to claim 3, wherein the inlet (25) and the additional inlet (28) are arranged at least partially on opposite sides of the respective movable transfer part (23).

5. The compacting machine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the moving transfer parts (23) are arranged in succession transverse to the direction of movement (A) (in particular, along the first outlet (13) and the second outlet (15)), such that each moving transfer part (23) is in contact with the adjacent moving transfer parts (23); in particular, each actuator (27) is configured to move the respective moving part (23) such that the respective moving transfer part (23) slides in contact with the adjacent moving transfer parts (23).

6. The compacting machine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein each actuator (27) is configured to move the respective movable transfer part (23) to an intermediate position (IP), which is between the first position and the second position, and in which the respective transit channel (24) is connected to the first containment chamber (12), so that the powder material (CA) of the first type is moved from the first containment chamber (12) to the transit channel (24), and is connected to the second containment chamber (14), so that the powder material (CB) of the second type is moved from the second containment chamber (14) to the transit channel (24).

7. The compacting machine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the feeding assembly (9) comprises at least a third feeding device (30'), disposed above the conveyor assembly (5); the third feeding device (30') comprises a respective third containment chamber (30), configured to contain a powder material of a third type, and having a relative third outlet (29), the longitudinal extension of which is transverse (in particular, perpendicular) to the direction of movement (A); the third outlet (29) has respective third passage zones (31), arranged in succession along the longitudinal extension of the third outlet (29); the operating device (18) is configured to allow the powder material (CC) of the third type to exit through the third passage zones (31) and / or prevent it from doing so;Each operating unit (22) is disposed in the area of a respective third passage zone (31), and is configured to regulate the passage of the powder material (CC) of the third type through the respective third passage zone (31); each actuator (27) is configured to move the movable transfer part (23) to at least a third position (TP), in which the transit channel (24) is connected to the third containment chamber (30), so that the powder material (CC) of the third type moves from the third containment chamber (30) to the transit channel (24), through the third outlet (29).

8. The compacting machine according to claim 7, wherein, in the third position (TP), the inlet (25) is oriented towards the third outlet (29). 52 / 1835 / 23 9. The compacting machine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the outlet (26) is oriented downwards.

10. The compacting machine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein each moving transfer part (23) comprises a respective base wall (32), which partially delimits the transit channel (24), and is transverse to a direction of the longitudinal extension of the first outlet (13) and, in particular, of the second outlet (15).

11. The compacting machine according to claim 10, wherein the transfer moving parts (23) are arranged in succession transverse to the direction of movement (A) (in particular, along the first outlet (13) and the second outlet (15)), such that each transfer moving part (23) is in contact with the adjacent transfer moving parts (23); each transfer moving part (23) lacks a wall opposite the base wall (23); at least one of the transit channels (24) (in particular, each transit channel except one) is delimited, on the sides opposite the respective base wall (23), by the base wall (32) of the adjacent transfer moving part (23); in particular, each actuator (27) is configured to move the respective transfer moving part (23) such that the respective transfer moving part (23) slides in contact with the transfer moving parts. (23) adjacent.

12. The compacting machine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein each operating unit comprises a respective operating rod, which is integral to the respective moving transfer part, and is connected to the respective actuator, to transfer the motion of the actuator to the moving transfer part; in particular, the operating rod extends upwards from the moving transfer part through the first containment chamber (12); for example, the actuator comprises a pneumatic operating element or an electric motor.

13. The compacting machine according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a control unit (20) configured to store a reference distribution (21) of the powder material (CA, CB) of the first and second types to be obtained in the powder material (CP) conveyed by the conveyor assembly, and to control the operating device (18) as a function of the reference distribution (21); in particular, the compacting machine (2) also comprises a detection device (19) for detecting the length to which the conveyor assembly (5) carries the powder material (CP) along the given path; the control unit (20) is configured to control the operating device (18) as a function of the data detected by the detection device (19) and the reference distribution (21).

14. The compacting machine according to claim 13, comprising a printing device (38) configured to create a graphic decoration on the layer of compacted ceramic powder (KP) conveyed by the conveyor assembly (5) and arranged in the area of a printing station (39) along the given path downstream of the workstation (4); the control unit (20) is configured to control the printing device (38) to create a graphic decoration coordinated with the reference distribution (21), in particular such that, in use, a graphic decoration with a given color is reproduced in the area of the powder material (CA) of the first type.

15. The compacting machine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the feeding assembly (9) comprises a transfer chamber (35), which is formed to contain the powder material (CP) received from the first feeding device (10) and the second feeding device (11) (in particular, 52 / 1835 / 23 also from the third feeding device), through the transit channels (24), and to transfer the powder material (CP) to the conveyor assembly (5) in the inlet station area (6); the transfer chamber (35) is disposed between the first feeding device (10) and the second feeding device (11) (in particular, also the third feeding device), on one side, and the conveyor assembly (5), on the other side; in particular, the moving transfer parts (23) are mounted to slide along at least part of the transfer chamber (35).

16. The compacting machine according to claim 15, wherein the transfer chamber (35) has a first wall (36) and at least a second wall (37), which is oriented towards the first wall (36) and disposed upstream of the first wall (36) with respect to the direction of movement (A); the transfer chamber (35) has a loading segment (CT), which is transverse (in particular, substantially perpendicular) to the direction of movement (A) and disposed below the first containment chamber (12) and the second containment chamber (14) (in particular, also the third containment chamber), a discharge segment (DT), which is provided with a discharge opening (DO), oriented at least partially in the direction of movement (A) for transferring the powdered material (CP) to the conveyor assembly (5), and a joining segment (RT), which is curved and disposed between the loading segment (CT) and the discharge segment (DT);Each moving transfer part (23) is configured to at least partially compensate for the different lengths covered by the different parts of the powder material (CP), along the bonding segment (RT).; 17. The compacting machine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein each operating unit (22) comprises an actuator (27) and a respective operating rod (33), which is integral with the respective moving part (23), and is connected to the respective actuator (27), to transfer the motion of the actuator (27) to the moving part (23); the operating device (18) comprises a protection system for the operating units (22), the protection system being provided with two protective walls (52), and adapted to reduce the risk of the operating rods (33) coming into contact with the powdered material.

18. A plant for manufacturing ceramic articles (T); the plant (1) comprises a compacting machine (2) according to any of the preceding claims; a cutting assembly (41) for transversely cutting the compacted powder layer (KP) to obtain slabs (42), each of which has a portion of the compacted powder layer (KP); and at least one firing kiln (45) for sintering the compacted powder layer (KP) of the slabs (42) to obtain the ceramic articles (T); in particular, the firing kiln (45) is arranged along a given path downstream of a printing station (39) of the plant. A / E / ZUZO / UOUO 14 52 / 1835 / 23