Thermoformed fixture and method of producing a thermoformed fixture

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a thermoformed decorative fixture, comprising the subsequent steps of providing at least one laminated panel, comprising at least one top layer comprising at least one reinforcement layer and at least one decorative pattern, at least one core layer, and at least one balancing layer, heating at least part of the at least one laminated panel such that a malleable condition is reached and deforming the at least one laminated panel into a decorative fixture.

Description

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a thermoformed fixture, in particular a thermoformed decorative fixture. The invention also relates to such thermoformed fixture. Sanitary fixtures such as washbasins, bathtubs, and shower trays have traditionally been constructed from conventional materials like ceramic, porcelain, or (polymer based) solid surface composites. Alternatives in the marked are seen in the form of acrylics or metals such as enamelled steel, copper or cast iron for bathtubs. These materials have been favoured for their durability, aesthetic appeal, and resistance to moisture and chemicals. The manufacturing processes for these conventional materials typically involve moulding, firing at high temperatures, and finishing steps to achieve the desired shape and surface properties. While traditional materials have served well for many years, they come with certain limitations. Ceramic, metal, enamelled and porcelain fixtures are heavy, making transportation and installation challenging. They are also prone to chipping or cracking if impacted with sufficient force. Solid surface composites, while more resistant to impact, can be expensive to produce. Additionally, the manufacturing processes for these materials often require significant energy input, raising environmental concerns. From a user experience perspective, traditional sanitary fixtures may not always provide the desired tactile feel or thermal properties. Ceramic, metal and porcelain surfaces can feel cold to the touch, while some composite materials may lack the smooth, glossy finish consumers associate with high-quality fixtures. Furthermore, the rigidity of these materials limits design possibilities, making it challenging to create complex shapes or integrate features like built-in soap recesses, ridges, or decorative elements. The weight of traditional fixtures also poses challenges in terms of transportation, but also structural requirements for example for (semi- )mobile devices such as campers or microhousing. Another consideration is the difficulty of repairs or modifications to traditional sanitary fixtures. Chips or cracks in ceramic or porcelain are often visible and challenging to repair seamlessly. Solid surface composites, while more repairable, may require specialized techniques or professionals for satisfactory results. Lastly, traditional materials and production processes are not suitable to provide decorative designs, multilayer constructions, or a desirable gloss level. It has been appreciated that an improved solution is required that overcomes one or more of these problems, or at least an alternative to the conventional solutions. The invention provides thereto a method of manufacturing a thermoformed fixture, in particular a thermoformed decorative fixture, comprising the steps of: providing at least one laminated panel, comprising: 0 at least one top layer comprising at least one reinforcement layer and / or at least one decorative pattern, 0 at least one core layer; and 0 at least one balancing layer; applying at least one polymeric layer, in particular at least one substantially transparent polymeric layer, upon at least part of an upper surface of the at least one laminated panel; heating at least part of the at least one laminated panel such that a malleable condition is reached; and deforming the at least one laminated panel into a decorative fixture. The method according the present invention results in the provision of a thermoformed decorative fixture. The use of at least one laminated panel which comprises at least one polymeric layer, in particular at least one substantially transparent polymeric layer, which is heated and deformed was experimentally found to be a reliable basis component for forming a decorative fixture. The laminated panel according to the present invention benefits of its layered construction, wherein the top layer, core layer, balancing layer and the polymeric layer can withstand the stresses exerted on them during a thermoforming process. Conventional (thermoplastic) panels are expected to be prone to stretching, warping and / or breaking when being subjected to a thermoforming process. The decorative fixture can be applied as alternative to conventional ceramic or porcelain sanitaryware products. The method of manufacturing a thermoformed decorative fixture according to the invention offers several advantages over traditional manufacturing techniques. By utilizing a laminated panel with distinct layers, including a decorative top layer, a core layer, and a balancing layer, the method allows for the creation of aesthetically pleasing, safe, and structurally sound fixtures. The application of at least one transparent polymeric layer enhances durability and provides additional design options, such as high-gloss or matte finishes. The heating and deformation steps enable the formation of complex three-dimensional or spatial shapes, allowing for the creation of fixtures in a single manufacturing process. The method enables the provision of decorative fixtures for several purposes such as but not limited to sanitaryware products like sinks, bathtubs, shower trays, shower panels and / or wall panels. The method can be easily adapted to produce fixtures of different sizes, shapes, and designs to suit various applications and consumer preferences. The malleable condition of the laminated panel is achieved when the panel is heated to a temperature that softens the thermoplastic components thereof, which are particularly present in the core layer. The malleable condition or malleable state allows the panel to be pliable and formable without compromising its structural integrity. The precise temperature range for achieving malleability depends on the specific materials used in each layer, but it is typically above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the core layer material, preferably above the glass transition temperature of the at least one reinforcement layer, most preferably above the Tg of the at least one reinforcement layer and above the Tg of the at least one support layer. In this malleable state, the panel can be shaped into complex three- dimensional forms using various thermoforming techniques such as vacuum forming, pressure forming, or mechanical forming. The top layer and the balancing layer typically remain more stable during this process relative to the core layer, helping to maintain the decorative surface integrity while allowing for the desired shaping of the overall structure, preferably through the deformation and / or densification of the at least one core layer. The laminated panel in particular benefits of the use of a top layer comprising at least one reinforcement layer and at least one balancing layer, and at least one core layer which is received between said top layer and balancing layer. It is possible that the balancing layer comprises an inner surface facing the at least one core layer and an opposite outer surface. It is possible that the outer surface of the balancing layer further comprises a second decorative layer and / or at least one second transparent thermoplastic layer. It is also possible that at least one reinforcement layer and at least one balancing layer mutually enclose at least one core layer. The at least one reinforcement layer and the at least one balancing layer have a strengthening and / or protective function for both the core layer and for the final product as such. It is beneficial if the at least one top layer comprises a decorative pattern. This results in that the produced decorative fixture does not require any additional decorative finishing steps. It is also possible that at least one top layer is a decorative top layer. The steps of the method according to the invention may be subsequent steps. Applying of at least one polymeric layer, in particular at least one substantially transparent polymeric layer, upon at least part of an upper surface of the at least one laminated panel can be done prior to the heating and / or deformation step and / or after the heating and / or deformation step. At least one substantially transparent polymeric layer can also form integral part of the laminated panel. Hence, at least one laminated panel may also comprise at least one top layer comprising at least one reinforcement layer and / or at least one decorative pattern, at least one core layer and at least one balancing layer, and at least one polymeric layer, in particular at least one substantially transparent polymeric layer, provided upon an upper surface of the panel, in particular upon an upper surface of the at least one top layer. It is conceivable that the at least one reinforcement layer and / or at least one balancing layer comprises at least one through body colour consistent throughout the entire thickness of the layer. The at least one top layer preferably comprises at least one decorative pattern and / or a decorative print. The decorative pattern can encompass a wide range of designs, textures, and visual effects. For instance, the decorative pattern may mimic natural materials such as marble, granite, or wood grain, providing the luxurious appearance of these materials without their associated weight or cost. Hence, the decorative may comprise the print of wood, marble and / or stone. It also possible that at least one decorative pattern comprises geometric patterns like hexagons, chevrons, or intricate mosaics. The decorative pattern could also include photorealistic images of landscapes, cityscapes, or artistic compositions, turning the fixture into a functional piece of art. Alternatively, textural patterns such as leather-like surfaces, brushed metal effects, or fabric-inspired designs are conceivable as well as corporate or brand logos, monograms, or custom graphics. The top layer could also be referred to as decorative top layer. The at least one decorative pattern on the at least one top layer could be further embossed and / or embossed in register (EIR). EIR embossing can be provided in the extrusion and / or a separate step of the production of the laminated panel. The method according to the invention may comprise the step of embossing at least part of the at least one top layer. Within the context of the present invention, when it is referred to a thermoformed fixture also a thermoformed fitting or thermoformed device or article can be meant. The fixture according to the present invention is preferably a decorative and / or functional fixture. The thermoformed decorative fixture according to the invention is in particular at least partially formed by a deformed laminated panel. During the deformation step, it is conceivable that at least one top layer and / or at least one balancing layer are stretched up to 6%, preferably up to 5% more preferably up to 2%. The method may include a controlled heating and / or cooling step applied to at least part of the decorative fixture or the deformed laminated panel. At least part of this step is preferably performed by heating the material to a temperature approximately 10°C above its glass transition temperature. The specific temperature may vary depending on the particular material being processed. The processing temperature may be that temperature where the elastic modulus is less than 10 MPa at a frequency of 1s"-1. ln one preferred embodiment, at least part of the laminated panel and / or the decorative fixture is an amorphous thermoplastic. In a preferred embodiment, the material of at least one laminated panel and / or decorative fixture is an amorphous thermoplastic with low crystallinity and low crosslinking rate. Low crystallinity generally improves formability in thermoforming processes. Amorphous polymers exhibit rubbery elastic behaviour above their glass transition temperature (Tg) over a wide temperature range, while semi-crystalline and crystalline polymers have a narrower thermoforming window. Preferably, at least part of the fixture is made of a rigid PVC composition with a Tg of 90-100C and a rubbery processing window at a temperature of 120-185C. As the rate and uniformity of heating significantly affect the material's behaviour during thermoforming, a consistent temperature increase throughout the material prevents uneven deformation. The speed and force applied during the forming process are controlled to achieve the desired shape without introducing excessive stress or causing tearing in the structure and / or layers of the panel. After reaching this elevated temperature and being subjected to the forming process, the fixture is then subjected to a controlled cooling process. This heating and cooling cycle serves to relieve internal stresses, improve dimensional stability, and enhance the overall structural integrity of the thermoformed product. By carefully controlling the temperature throughout this process, manufacturers can optimize the material properties of the fixture, potentially improving its resistance to warping, cracking, or other forms of deformation that might occur during use. This step can be particularly crucial for complex shapes or areas of the fixture that experienced significant deformation during the thermoforming process, helping to ensure the long-term performance and quality of the final product. The method may in particular include the step of annealing at least part of the decorative fixture. Applying at least one annealing step can be done by heating and cooling at least part of the decorative fixture, possibly while maintaining a certain pressure on at least part of the decorative fixture. ln one embodiment using a semi-crystalline thermoplastic, at least part of the decorative fixture may be reheated to a temperature above its recrystallization temperature, which temperature may be maintained for a determined period after which at least part of the decorative fixture is cooled again. ln one embodiment using an amorphous thermoplastic, at least part of the decorative fixture may be reheated to a temperature above its glass transition temperature, which temperature may be maintained for a determined period after which at least part of the decorative fixture is cooled again. It is possible that the heating and / or cooling steps are repeated multiple times. Applying at least one annealing step in the manufacturing process of thermoformed decorative fixtures has several benefits. lt helps to relieve internal stresses that may have developed during the heating and / or deformation processes, which could otherwise lead to warping, cracking, and / or dimensional instability of the finished product over time. By carefully controlling the cooling rate during annealing, the molecular structure of the material can be optimized, leading to better dimensional stability and improved mechanical properties in the final product. This process also helps to minimize residual stresses, particularly in areas with sharp bends or complex geometries. The number of so called stress pockets within the material can thereby be reduced and / or the formation thereof can be prevented. Annealing can further enhance the fixture's ability to withstand temperature fluctuations during use without deforming or losing its shape, and in some cases, it can improve the chemical resistance of the material. For semi-crystalline polymers, annealing can help optimize the degree of crystallinity, affecting properties such as hardness, stiffness, and chemical resistance. Additionally, the annealing process can help reduce any stress pockets, internal voids or bubbles that may have formed during the thermoforming process, leading to a more uniform and robust structure. It is possible that the fixture according to the present invention is free of stress pockets. The method may include the production of at least one laminated panel. The method may therefore comprise the step of co-extruding and / or thermolaminating at least one top layer, at least one core layer, and least one balancing layer into a laminated panel. Co-extrusion enables the simultaneous extrusion of different materials, creating a strong bond between layers and reducing production steps. Thermolamination, on the other hand, allows for the combination of pre-formed layers under heat and pressure, offering flexibility in material selection and layer composition. These techniques can result in improved structural integrity, better moisture resistance, and enhanced dimensional stability of the laminated panel. The choice between co-extrusion and thermolamination, or a combination of both, may depend on factors such as the specific materials used, desired panel properties, and production volume. At least one laminated panel typically comprises at least one side edge. In case the panel is square or rectangular panel, the panel may comprise two pairs of opposing side edges. The method according to the invention may comprise the step of deforming and / or compressing at least part of at least one side edge of the at least one laminated panel such that at least one edge profile is formed. This step could for example be done prior to, during and / or after the deformation step wherein the main shape of the decorative fixture is formed. The edge formation step is preferably applied when the laminated panel is in a malleable condition. It is for example possible that the formation of at least one edge profile is done prior to at least one annealing step, if applied. An edge profile may offer aesthetic and / or functional benefits to the thermoformed decorative fixture. Edge profiles such as eased, bullnose, half bullnose, beveled, ogee, and / or waterfall edge profiles could be applied. This may enhance the visual appeal of the fixture, create a more ergonomic feel, and / or improve safety by eliminating sharp edges. This compression technique allows for seamless integration of the edge profile with the panel's overall design, maintaining material continuity and structural integrity. In a preferred embodiment, the formed edge comprises the at least one reinforcement layer, decorative element, and / or transparent polymeric layer. The process may be further enhanced by coating at least part of the formed edge, which can provide additional protection against moisture, wear, and impact damage. Coating materials may include thermoplastic wear layers, lacquers, or polyurethane resins, chosen to complement the panel's composition and intended use. Alternatives to this compression method might include post-forming edge treatments, such as routing or molding separate edge pieces and attaching them to the panel. ln one embodiment, an interlocking system may be provided on at least one side and / or edge of the fixture. At least one top layer preferably comprises at least one reinforcement layer. As indicated above the at least one reinforcement layer may have a strengthening and / or protective function for both the core layer and for the final product as such both during production and during use of the fixture. At least one reinforcement layer may for example comprise a composite material comprising at least one thermoplastic material and at least one mineral filler. The use of a reinforcement layer comprising a composite material with thermoplastic and mineral filler offers significant advantages in thermoformed decorative fixtures. The composite material may comprise at least 50 wt%, preferably at least 60 wt%, more preferably at least 70 wt% of at least one mineral filler. It is also possible that the composite material has a mineral-to-thermoplastic ratio of at least 2.5:1, preferably at least 3:1. Optionally, the mineral-to-thermoplastic ratio of the composite material of at least one reinforcement layer can be 3.5:1 to 4:1. These embodiments will positively contribute to the structural integrity, dimensional stability, and / or impact resistance of the fixture. At least one mineral filler may comprise limestone, chalk, talc, calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, magnesium dihydroxide (MDH), aluminium trihydroxide (ATH), magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride and / or dolomite. The mineral filler increases the stiffness and strength of the layer while potentially reducing overall weight and cost. The thermoplastic component ensures flexibility and formability during the thermoforming step. This combination results in a reinforcement layer that can withstand thermal stresses and maintain its shape under various environmental conditions. Alternatively or additionally, at least one waste material may be applied as filler material, such as but not limited to post- consumer waste and / or agricultural waste. The method according to the invention can further comprise a step wherein at least one groove or cut is provided on at least one surface of the at least one laminated panel, preferably on at least one upper surface and / or at least one lower surface of the laminated panel, wherein the at least one cut extends into the balancing layer and / or into the reinforcement layer to form an illusion of a grout or line. This method is particularly suitable in combination with a full-body colour reinforcement layer and / or balancing layer, where the colour of the reinforcing layer and / or balancing layer is visually similar or complementary to the colour of the decorative pattern. At least one core layer may comprise a thermoplastic composition, in particular at least one temperature sensitive thermoplastic composition. Compared to the top layer and the balancing layer, the core layer is typically more temperature sensitive. The use of a thermoplastic composition, particularly a temperature-sensitive one, in the core layer offers several benefits for thermoformed decorative fixtures. The core layer comprising a thermoplastic composition positively contributes to the malleable characteristics of the laminated panel. The thermoplastic composition of the core layer allows for greater malleability during the thermoforming process, enabling more complex shapes and designs. The temperature sensitivity of the core layer, which is more pronounced than in the top and bottom layers, facilitates controlled deformation and helps maintain the overall structure of the fixture. This characteristic allows for precise shaping while preserving the integrity of the outer layers. In a beneficial embodiment, the thermoplastic composition comprises at least one mineral material and at least one thermoplastic material, preferably in a ratio of at least 1:1, preferably at least 2:1. The mineral content in the core layer contributes to better heat resistance which is relevant for the thermoforming process. The core layer comprising a mineral material may further help in achieving desired weight characteristics of the final product. ln one particularly advantageous embodiment, the at least one reinforcement layer, the at least one balancing layer, and / or the at least one core layer comprises at least 5%, more preferably at least 10%, and at most 20%, preferably at most 15% of post-consumer waste. It is conceivable that said post-consumer waste comprises 20-40% of cellulose (preferably coming from cotton fibers or the like), 20-40% of polyester (such as from polyester clothing), 10-30%, preferably 15-25% of at least one polyolefin (such as polypropylene, polyethylene), and / or 10-40% of mineral content. lt follows that said at least one reinforcement layer, at least one balancing layer, and / or at least one core layer comprises 1-8% of cellulose (preferably coming from cotton fibers or the like), 1-8% of polyester (such as from polyester clothing), 0.5-6%, preferably 0.75-5% of at least one polyolefin (such as polypropylene, polyethylene), and / or058% of mineral content. Said percentages may fluctuate 5- 20% depending on the exact composition of the waste stream feedstock said post- consumer waste is derived from. In a beneficial embodiment, at least one core layer is at least partially foamed. It is for example possible that at least one core layer is a foamed core layer. A (partially) foamed core reduces overall weight while maintaining structural integrity, improves thermal insulation properties, and can enhance sound dampening characteristics. This foamed structure can also contribute to better impact resistance. In a possible embodiment the (thermoplastic) foamed core is enclosed between a thermoplastic top layer and thermoplastic balancing layer. The foamed thermoplastic core layer preferably has a lower Vicat softening point than the thermoplastic top layer and thermoplastic balancing layer allowing for deformation and absorption of stresses when thermoformed, whereas the solid thermoplastic reinforcing top and bottom layers are made of primarily thermoplastic materials and allow for relatively limited stretching during thermoforming, preventing cracking on the outer surfaces. In an alternative embodiment, at least one top layer and at least one balancing layer form integral part of the at least one core layer. ln such alternative embodiment, the panel is formed by at least one core with two crust layers formed at its upper surface and lower surface, which form respective integral top and balancing layer. This structure offers a gradient of properties through the thickness of the panel, with denser outer regions for strength and a lighter core for weight reduction and improved insulation. This configuration can provide an optimal balance between structural performance and weight efficiency. At least one balancing layer may also comprise a composite material comprising at least one mineral filler and at least one thermoplastic material preferably a ratio of at least 1:1, more preferably of at least 2:1, most preferably 2.5:1The composite material may comprise at least 50 wt%, preferably at least 60 wt%, more preferably at least 70 wt% of at least one mineral filler. It is also possible that the composite material has a mineral-to-thermoplastic ratio of at least 3:1. Optionally, the mineral- to-thermoplastic ratio of the composite material of at least one balancing layer can be 3.5:1 to 4:1. At least one mineral filler may comprise limestone, chalk, talc, calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, magnesium dihydroxide (MDH), aluminium trihydroxide (ATH), magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride and / or dolomite. It is conceivable that the composition of the at least one balancing layer is substantially the same as the composition of the at least one reinforcement layer. However, it is also conceivable that the compositions of the at least one reinforcement layer and the at least one balancing layer are different. Preferably, the balancing layer and / or the reinforcement layer have a higher mineral content than the core layer. At least one balancing layer, reinforcement layer and core layer may comprise the same or different materials. At least one thermoplastic material of at least one reinforcement layer, at least one core layer and / or at least one balancing layer is preferably chosen from the group of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), bio-based polyvinyl chloride, bio-attributable polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate glycol modified (PETg), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and / or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). It is also possible that at least one thermoplastic material of at least one reinforcement layer, at least one core layer and / or at least one balancing layer comprises a combination of said material. At least one mineral material and / or at least one mineral filler of at least one reinforcement layer, at least one core layer and / or at least one balancing layer is preferably chosen from the group of limestone, chalk, talc, calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride and / or dolomite. At least one transparent polymeric layer can be applied as layer, but it is also possible that the layer is formed in a viscous state. At least one transparent polymeric layer may comprise or may be formed by a thermoplastic wear layer, a lacquer, an ultra-matte lacquer, a high-gloss lacquer, a high-gloss thermoplastic film, a PET film, and / or a polyurethane hotmelt resin. The versatility in applying the transparent polymeric layer, either as a pre-formed layer or in a viscous state, offers significant advantages in the production of thermoformed decorative fixtures. This flexibility allows manufacturers to choose the most suitable application method based on the specific requirements of the product and production process. When applied as a pre-formed layer, such as a high-gloss thermoplastic film or PET film, it ensures consistent thickness and surface quality. Alternatively, applying the layer in a viscous state, as with lacquers or polyurethane hotmelt resins, allows for better conformity to complex shapes and seamless coverage of edges and corners. The range of options available, including thermoplastic wear layers, ultra-matte lacquers, high-gloss lacquers, and various films, enables customization of surface properties to meet diverse aesthetic and functional needs. For instance, a thermoplastic wear layer can provide a good durability and scratch resistance. A polyurethane hotmelt resins can provide a good chemical resistance and flexibility. For the appearance, an ultra-matte lacquer can offer a low-reflective finish, and a high-gloss layer may create a luxurious, reflective surface. The thermoformed decorative fixture according to the present invention can be used for several purposes. It is for example possible that the at least one thermoformed decorative fixture forms at least one kitchen sink, wash basin, countertop, bathtub, recessed shelf, shower tray or any combination thereof. The fixture according to the invention could also be referred to as sanitary device. It is further possible that the at least one thermoformed decorative fixture forms at least one fascia, cladding, soffit, trim, columns, shingles, siding, molding, decking, eaves or its component. The dimensions of the at least one laminated panel can be determined based on the intended function of the fixture. It is preferred that the fixture is made of a single piece. It is possible that the fixture consists of modular panels to be joined by coupling means, preferably by interlocking coupling means and / or an interlocking mechanism. The thermoforming technique enables the creation of complex shapes and smooth, continuous surfaces, and / or surfaces with thermoformed edges, that are both aesthetically pleasing and practical for cleaning and maintenance. It is also possible that the decorative fixture according to the invention is a (custom) furniture piece. The invention also relates to a thermoformed decorative fixture formed by the method according to the present invention. The thermoformed decorative fixture according to the invention preferably has a three-dimensional (3D) or spatial shape. Such 3D shape may range from simple curved surfaces to complex, multi-faceted structures with varying depths, angles, and contours. For instance, a kitchen sink might feature a deep, rectangular basin with rounded corners and an integrated draining board with subtle slopes. A bathtub could have an ergonomically curved interior, complete with built-in armrests and a sloped backrest for comfort. Countertops may incorporate seamlessly integrated sinks, backsplashes, and edge profiles, creating a unified, flowing surface. Shower trays can be designed with slopes for efficient water drainage and / or textured surfaces for slip resistance. Recessed shelves may be formed with various depths and shapes, including curved or angled backs for visual interest. The shower and / or wall panels can be formed with bent edges specifically designed for a joint installation through coupling means such as an interlocking mechanism. The thermoforming process allows for the creation of complex transitions between different functional areas, such as a countertop smoothly transitioning into a sink without visible seams. This 3D or spatial shaping capability also enables the incorporation of decorative elements like embossed patterns including embossing in register techniques (EIR embossing), raised logos, or textured surfaces directly into the fixture. The ability to create these intricate 3D shapes in a single piece not only enhances aesthetics but also improves hygiene by eliminating joints and seams where dirt and bacteria could accumulate. The invention also relates to a thermoformed (decorative and / or functional) fixture, comprising at least one wall part, wherein said wall part comprises a laminated structure, said laminated structure comprising: at least one polymeric layer, in particular a substantially transparent polymeric layer; at least one top layer comprising at least one reinforcement layer, at least one decorative structure or decorative element; at least one core layer; and at least one balancing layer; wherein the thermoformed decorative fixture has a three-dimensional or spatial configuration. Any of the embodiments described for the method according to the invention apply to the fixture according to the invention, and vice vera. The thermoformed decorative fixture with its at least one wall part made of laminated structure offers numerous advantages in both form and function. The inclusion of at least one transparent polymeric layer provides a protective surface that enhances durability while allowing the underlying decorative element to remain visible, whilst increasing the fixture's lifespan and maintaining its aesthetic appeal over time. The top layer, with its reinforcement component, adds structural integrity and impact resistance, crucial for daily use in various environments. The incorporation of a decorative element within this layer allows for a wide range of design possibilities, enabling customization to suit diverse interior styles. The core layer may provide insulation properties, sound dampening, or additional structural support, depending on its composition. The balancing layer helps prevent warping and ensures dimensional stability, particularly important in thermoformed fixtures that may experience temperature fluctuations or moisture exposure. This multi-layered approach allows for the optimization of each layer for specific properties, resulting in a fixture that combines strength, appealing aesthetics, and functionality. Furthermore, the three- dimensional configuration achievable through thermoforming enables the creation of complex shapes and seamless designs, allowing for innovative fixtures that can integrate multiple functions or fit into challenging spaces. This versatility in both material composition and form makes the thermoformed decorative fixture adaptable to a wide range of applications, from kitchen and bathroom installations to custom furniture pieces, while maintaining high standards of quality and design. The at least one transparent polymeric is preferably provided on top of the at least one top layer. The balancing layer and top layer are typically provided on opposite sides of the at least one core layer. It is possible that at least one top layer and / or least one balancing layer form integral part of at least one core layer. It is possible that at least part of at least one wall part defines at least one receiving space. It is also possible that least part of the fixture defines at least one receiving space. The at least one receiving space can serve various purposes, enhancing the fixture's utility and versatility. The at least one receiving space may for example form a basin for water. The receiving space being at least partially formed by at least one wall part eliminates joints and seams, improving hygiene and ease of cleaning. It is also possible that at least one wall part or the fixture as such defines multiple receiving spaces. The ability to incorporate multiple receiving spaces with different functionalities within a single thermoformed piece can lead to space- efficient designs, particularly valuable in compact living environments. It is possible that the (average) depth of at least one receiving space is at least 5 cm. The goal of the at least one receiving space may for example be collecting water, diverting water, increasing slip resistance, providing support or combination thereof. Preferably, at least one top layer is a decorative top layer comprising at least one decorative print. At least one decorative pattern may be formed by a decorative print or may comprise a decorative print. The decorative print may for example be a digital print. It is further possible that the fixture comprises at least one side edge which comprises an edge profile. At least one edge profile is preferably chosen from an eased, bullnose, half bullnose, bevelled, ogee and / or waterfall edge profile. The laminated structure forming the wall part may be a laminated panel, in particular an extruded and / or thermolaminated panel. When it is referred to a panel also a sheet or a plate can be meant. At least one reinforcement layer may comprise a composite material comprising at least one thermoplastic material and at least one mineral filler. In a beneficial embodiment, the at least one reinforcement layer comprises at least 70% mineral content. Said composite material preferably comprises at least one mineral filler and at least one thermoplastic material in a ratio of at least 2.5:1, most preferably at least 3:1. It is also conceivable that at least one core layer comprises a thermoplastic composition, in particular at least one temperature sensitive thermoplastic composition. Said thermoplastic composition preferably comprises at least one mineral filler and at least one thermoplastic material in a ratio of at least 1:1, preferably at least 1.5:1 and / or at most 3:1, preferably at most 25:1. The at least one balancing layer may also comprise a composite material comprising at least one thermoplastic material and at least one mineral filler. Said composite material preferably comprises at least one mineral filler and at least one thermoplastic material in a ratio of at least 2.5:1, most preferably at least 3:1. It is conceivable that the composition of the top layer and the balancing layer are substantially the same. At least one thermoplastic material of at least one reinforcement layer, at least one core layer and / or at least one balancing layer is for example chosen from the group of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), bio-based polyvinyl chloride, bio-attributable polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate glycol modified (PETg), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and / or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). At least one mineral filler of at least one reinforcement layer, at least one core layer and / or at least one balancing layer is for example chosen from the group of limestone, chalk, talc, calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, magnesium dihydroxide, aluminium trihydroxide, magnesium oxide and / or dolomite. In an alternative embodiment, at least one reinforcement layer comprises a metal layer, preferably an aluminium layer. ln one alternative embodiment, both at least one reinforcement layer and at least one balancing layer comprise at least one metal layer, preferably an aluminium layer. Such layer may for example have a thickness in the range of 0.05-0.2 mm. Such thin aluminium layer, thermoformable around 150C, may impart to the formed panel further heat insulation or conductive properties, fire resistant properties, and strength. ln one possible embodiment, at least one reinforcement layer and / or balancing layer comprises a reinforcing mesh such as a fiberglass net or sheet. At least one transparent polymeric layer possibly comprises a thermoplastic wear layer, a lacquer, an ultra-matte lacquer, a high-gloss lacquer, a high-gloss thermoplastic film, a PET film, and / or a polyurethane hotmelt resin. It is conceivable that at least part of the at least one transparent polymeric layer extends of at least one side edge of the fixture. At least one top layer and / or reinforcement layer may have a Vicat softening point in the range of 60-90 degrees Celsius, preferably in the range of 80-90 degrees Celsius and / or wherein at least one balancing layer has a Vicat softening point in the range of 60-90 degrees Celsius, preferably in the range of 80-90 degrees Celsius. At least part of the at least one core layer may have a Vicat softening point in the range of 50-80 degrees Celsius, preferably in the range of 60-70 degrees Celsius. The core layer is typically more malleable than the at least one top layer and / or at least one balancing layer. ln one particularly advantageous embodiment, the at least one reinforcement layer and the at least one balancing layer have a Vicat softening point in the range of 80-90 degrees C, and at least part of the at least one core layer has a Vicat softening point in the range of 60-70 degrees Celsius. In a beneficial embodiment, at least one core layer is at least partially foamed. A (partially) foamed core reduces overall weight while maintaining structural integrity, improves thermal insulation properties, and can enhance sound dampening characteristics. This foamed structure can also contribute to better impact resistance. At least part of at least one core layer may comprise at least one expansion gradient. The foamed core layer may improve the thermal insulation properties of the fixture. Additionally, the foamed core layer can enhance sound dampening characteristics, impact resistance, absorbing shocks and / or reducing the risk of cracking or chipping. Variations in the foaming process can create different properties within the core layer. For example, at least part of the core layer may comprise an expansion gradient, where the degree of foaming varies across the thickness or area of the layer. This can allow for targeted reinforcement in high- stress areas while maximizing weight reduction in others. It is also conceivable that the core layer has a density gradient, with higher density regions providing additional strength where needed and lower density areas offering enhanced insulation or weight reduction. These gradients can be tailored to specific fixture designs, optimizing performance for particular applications. Typically, the thickness of at least one core layer is larger than the thickness of at least one top layer and / or at least one balancing layer. Possibly, the thickness of at least part of at least one core layer is different at at least two locations. It is possible that at least part of the core layer is compressed. At least part of at least one core layer can for example have a density in the range of 700 to 2100 kg / m3. The fixture may further comprise at least one protective layer which comprises at least one UV-, heat-, virus-, bacteria-, and / or fungus-resistant additive. It is also possible that at least one UV-, heat-, virus-, bacteria-, and / or fungus-resistant additive is comprised in at least one substantially transparent polymeric layer. It is possible that the additive(s) positively contribute to exposure to chemicals such as cleaning agents, soaps, and / or cosmetics. The at least one fixture and in particular at least one wall part thereof may comprise or define at least one drainage opening. At least one drainage opening can take various forms beyond traditional cavities, including protrusions, channels, or raised structures that guide water flow. The design thereof typically depends on the intended purpose of the fixture. For example, a shower tray might feature a series of slightly elevated ridges that direct water towards a central drain thereby improving water management while providing a textured, slip-resistant surface. In a kitchen sink, strategically placed protrusions could create a draining area for water. The spatial configuration and / or the at least one receiving space of the fixture is in a possible embodiment defined by at least one bottom surface and at least one side surface, wherein at least part of at least one side surface is positioned under an angle with respect to the at least one bottom surface which is larger than 90 degrees. This configuration allows for the creation of fixtures with gently sloping or flared sides, enhancing both aesthetics and functionality. This could for example be useful when the fixture forms a sanitary product such as a shower tray, as this angled design could create a subtle, inward-sloping perimeter that efficiently channels water towards the drain. It is possible that at least part of at least one receiving space is substantially bowl shaped and / or the at least one bottom surface and at least one side surface may have rounded transitions. These rounded transitions not only contribute to a more organic, flowing aesthetic but also offer practical benefits such as easier cleaning and improved water flow. The fixture according to the present invention may comprise or form at least one kitchen sink, wash basin, countertop, bathtub, recessed shelf, shower tray or any combination thereof. The fixture can be also used to form a fascia, cladding, soffit, trim, columns, shingles, siding, molding, decking and / or eaves or any combination thereof. lnstead of fixture, also fitting can be meant. It is preferred that the fixture is made of a single piece. The thermoforming technique enables the creation of both standard and tailor-made solutions in a relatively simple manner. The invention will be further elucidated by means of non-limiting exemplary embodiments illustrated in the following figures, in which: - figures 1a and 1b show a first possible embodiment of a thermoformed decorative fixture according to the invention; - figures 2a-2d show a possible embodiment of the method according to the invention; - figures 3a-3d shows further possible embodiments of a thermoformed decorative fixture according to the invention; and - figures 4a and 4b shows perspective views of yet another possible embodiment of a thermoformed decorative fixture according to the invenon. Within these figures, similar reference numbers correspond to similar or equivalent elements or features. Figures 1a and 1b shows a schematic representation of a fixture 100 according to the present invention. Figure 1a shows a perspective view of from a top side the thermoformed decorative fixture 100 which comprises a wall part 101 made of a laminated structure. Figure 1b shows a schematic side view of the laminated structure of the wall part 101. The laminated structure comprises a transparent polymeric layer 104, a top layer 102 which comprises a reinforcement layer 102a and a decorative element 102b, a core layer 103 and a balancing layer 104. In the shown embodiment, the core layer 103 is at least partially foamed. As is shown in figure 1a, the thermoformed decorative fixture 100 has a three-dimensional or spatial configuration. Part of the wall part 101 defines a receiving space 105. In the shown embodiment, the fixture 100 is in particular a sanitaryware device. The fixture 100 may optionally comprise a drainage opening 106. A possible decorative print 107 is indicatively shown in the figure. This decorative print 107 can form part of the decorative element 102b. Figures 2a-2d show a possible embodiment of the method according to the present invention. The figures shows the subsequent steps of manufacturing a thermoformed decorative fixture 200. In figure 2a, a laminated panel 20 is provided. As is shown in more detail in for example figure 1b, the panel 20 comprises a top layer comprising a reinforcement layer a decorative pattern and also a core layer and a balancing layer. A first step is applying at least one substantially transparent polymeric layer 21 upon at least part of a surface of the laminated panel 20. Typically, the substantially transparent polymeric layer 21 is applied to an upper surface of the laminated panel 20, which upper surface is defined by the top layer of the panel 20. In the shown embodiment, the top layer of the laminated panel 20 is facing the structured part of mould 30 which is used for the thermoforming step. The panel 20 is clamped between two mould parts 30a. Figure 2b shows that part of the laminated panel 20 is heated. The heating step is done such that a malleable condition of the panel 20 is reached. Figure 2c shows that the panel is deformed into a fixture 200. In the shown embodiment, a vacuum V is applied in combination with a pressure P for the thermoforming step. Both external forces enable the deformation of the panel into a fixture. Alternative techniques for thermoforming are conceivable depending on the applied materials and / or the target product. Figure 2d shows that a thermoformed decorative fixture 200 is formed. Preferably. At least one annealing step is applied to at least part of the decorative fixture 200. This step is preferably applied when the fixture is still in contact with the mould 30, in order to prevent that undesired deformation occurs. In the shown embodiment, the mould 30 is substantially rounded, resulting in that the final product, the fixture 200 has a substantially rounded shape too. The rounded mould part of the mould 30 results in the formation of a receiving space 205 defined by the fixture 200. Figures 3 a-3d shows further possible embodiments of a thermoformed fixture 300 according to the present invention. The figures show cross sectional views, wherein the layered configuration of the fixture 300 is shown. Each laminated structure comprises a transparent polymeric layer 304, a top layer 302 which comprises a reinforcement layer and a decorative print, a core layer 303 and a balancing layer 304. In the shown embodiments, the core layer 103 is preferably at least partially foamed. It can be seen that in the embodiment shown in figures 3a and 3d the outer edges of the fixture 300 are curved and that a receiving space 305 is formed. Further, the figures indicatively show that the thickness the core layer may 303 differ over several locations T1, T2, T3. The core layer 303 is enclosed between the reinforcement layer 302a and the balancing layer 304. Said reinforcement layer 302a and the balancing layer 304 may be formed of a similar composite material comprising at least one thermoplastic material and at least one mineral filler. Figure 3a in particular illustrates a cross-sectional view of a thermoformed fixture 300, suitable for use as a wash basin or a kitchen sink comprising a receiving space 305 formed by the curved outer edges of the fixture, showing a layered configuration. The top layer 302 consists of a reinforcement layer 302a, comprising a composite material with at least one thermoplastic material and one mineral filler, and a decorative element 302b, which preferably incorporates a decorative print. A core layer 303, enclosed between the reinforcement layer 302a and a balancing layer 308, is at least partially foamed and may exhibit varying thicknesses at locations T1, T2, and T3. A high gloss transparent polymeric layer is provided on the top surface of the top layer 302 and provides a desired gloss to the decorative texture. The balancing layer 308, similar in composition to the reinforcement layer 302a, may also comprise a composite material containing at least one thermoplastic material and at least one mineral filler. A rounded half bullnose edge 311 achieved by locally compressing and deforming the core to press and bend the top layer into a desired shape during or after the thermoforming step provides a desired visual effect to the edge of the fixture. The fixture preferably comprises at least one drainage opening 306. Figure 3b shows an alternative embodiment of a thermoformed fixture 300 designed as a connecting element between wall panels and / or other thermoformed decorative fixtures. The fixture 300 features a top layer 302 composed of a reinforcement layer 302a, which may comprise a composite material comprising at least one thermoplastic material and one mineral filler, and a decorative element 302b or decorative structure. This decorative element, incorporating a decorative print or element, may be applied in conjunction with a reinforcement layer 302a to form a top or inner layer, and / or on the bottom or outer surface of said fitting, either with or without a complementary reinforcement layer. The core layer 303 is at least partially foamed, with its thickness potentially varying across different locations as a result of thermal deformation. A transparent polymeric layer 304 is further preferably enhanced with a matte surface coating to achieve a desired visual effect. Said transparent polymeric layer 304 comprises at least partially a texture at least partially synchronized with the visual design present in decorative element 302b. To allow seamless integration with adjacent panels, the fixture 300 is equipped on at least one side edge, preferably on at least two side edges, with a receiving groove and / or a complementary tongue, facilitating horizontal and / or vertical locking. Figure 3c depicts a thermoformed fixture 300 featuring rounded edges, suitable for use as a countertop. The fixture comprises a top layer 302, comprising a reinforcement layer 302a and a decorative element 302b. The reinforcement layer 302a comprises a composite material comprising at least one thermoplastic material and one mineral filler. Positioned above the reinforcement layer, the decorative element 302b incorporates a decorative print, enhancing the countertop's visual appeal. A core layer 303, which is at least partially foamed, has an adaptable density and / or spatial shape at different locations through thermal deformation, allowing for customized structural and design features. A transparent polymeric layer 304 comprises a surface coating, such as EB or excimer coating, for desired visual and functional effects. This layer 304 further includes a tactile embossing, synchronized at least partially with the visual design of the decorative element 302b, extending partially into the reinforcement layer 302a, offering a combined visual and tactile experience. To accommodate practical needs, the fixture 300 can include an optional opening 306 for installing taps, wires, draining fixtures and the like. A balancing layer 308, comprising a composite material similar to the reinforcement layer 302a, is provided below the core layer 303, providing structural balance. For seamless integration with adjacent components, such as furniture panels, connectors, or other thermoformed fixtures, the fixture 300 is equipped on at least one edge and / or surface with a receiving groove and / or a complementary tongue 309, enabling horizontal and / or vertical locking with adjacent panels. An aluminium layer 310, positioned between the reinforcement layer 302a and the core 303, and / or between the balancing layer 308 and the core 303, enhances the fixture's structural strength, fire resistance, and heat dissipation properties. The fixture's decorative edges, such as a bullnose, ogee, or waterfall edge (311), are achieved by locally compressing and deforming the core, pressing and bending the top layer into the desired shape during or after the thermoforming process. Figure 3d visualizes a thermoformed fixture 300 characterised by functional tactile surface features, making it suitable for applications such as a structural panel, wall panel, or shower tray. The fixture 300 features a top layer 302, which comprises a reinforcement layer 302a made from a composite material incorporating at least one thermoplastic material and one mineral filler, and a decorative element 302b. This decorative element can feature a decorative print and is combined with the reinforcement layer 302a on the top surface. Underneath the top layer 302 lies a core layer 303, which is at least partially foamed. The density and / or spatial shape of this core layer may vary at different locations due to thermal deformation during the manufacturing process, contributing to both the structural integrity and design flexibility of the fixture. One defining feature of this embodiment is the transparent polymeric layer 304, which is applied to both the top and bottom surfaces of the fixture, comprising a cured resin, such as an EB-cured resin and / or an excimer- cured resin. This layer may provide a desired visual effect and incorporates a tactile embossing that is at least partially synchronised with the visual design present in the decorative element 302b, but may also provide a plasticizer barrier and / or improve fire resistance. The tactile embossing extends partially into the reinforcement layer 302a, creating a visually appealing, safe and functional surface. Additionally, the fixture 300 includes at least one receiving space 305 formed by the curved outer edges. This receiving space may be designed to accommodate fastening means such as screws or fasteners, facilitating the secure installation of the fixture, or may be enlarged to serve as a basin. Figure 4a shows a perspective view from a bottom side of yet another embodiment of a thermoformed decorative fixture 400 according to the present invention. In the shown embodiment, the fixture 400 is formed out of laminated panel via a thermoforming process. It can be seen that the deformed part has substantially rounded transitions. The outer surface of the fixture 400 is substantially smooth and solid. The shown configurations shown the balancing layer of the initial panel of which the fixture was made. Figure 4b illustrates the thermoformed fixture 400, particularly suitable for use as a washbasin, formed from a laminated panel using a thermoforming process. The fixture exhibits rounded transitions, contributing to a smooth and solid outer surface. The thermoforming process shapes the panel to create a receiving space 405, ideal for collecting water. The fixture 400 also incorporates a drainage opening 406 to allow water to flow out. To achieve the aesthetically pleasing and functional rounded edges, the core of the laminated panel is locally compressed and deformed, which presses and bends the top layer into the desired shape during and / or after the thermoforming step. This technique results in a refined finish, enhancing both the visual appeal and practicality of the washbasin. It will be clear that the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments which are illustrated and described here, but that countless variants are possible within the framework of the attached claims, which will be obvious to the person skilled in the art. In this case, it is conceivable for different inventive concepts and / or technical measures of the above-described variant embodiments to be completely or partly combined without departing from the inventive idea described in the attached claims. Within the context of the present invention, when it is referred to top layer or top surface also an inner layer or inner surface can be meant, and / or when it is referred to a bottom layer or bottom surface also an outer layer or outer surface can be meant, depending on the orientation and / or configuration of the respective laminated panel and thermoformed fixture. The verb 'comprise' and its conjugations as used in this patent document are understood to mean not only 'comprise', but to also include the expressions 'contain', 'substantially contain', 'formed by' and conjugations thereof.

Claims

1. Method for manufacturing a thermoformed decorative fixture, comprising the following steps: - providing at least one laminated panel, comprising: 0 at least one top layer that has at least one reinforcement layer and includes at least one decorative pattern, 0 at least one core layer; and 0 at least one balancing layer; - the application of at least one substantially transparent polymer layer on at least part of an upper surface of the at least one laminated panel; - heating at least a part of the at least one laminated panel such that a malleable state is achieved; and - the deformation of at least one laminated panel into a decorative fixture.

2. Method according to conclusion 1, comprising the following step: - the glowing of at least part of the decorative fixture.

3. Method pursuant to claim 1 or claim 2, comprising the following step: - subjecting at least part of the decorative fixture to a controlled heating and / or cooling step.

4. Method of working in accordance with one of the preceding claims, comprising the next step: - the co-extrusion and / or thermolamination of at least one top layer, at at least one core layer and at least one balancing layer in a laminated panel.

5. Method of working in accordance with one of the preceding claims, comprising the next step: - the at least partial compression of at least a part of ten at least one side edge of at least one laminated panel such that a edge profile is formed, whereby at least one edge profile preferably from a softened bullnose, a half bullnose, a beveled ogee and / or a waterfall edge profile is selected.

6. Method of working in accordance with one of the preceding claims, whereby at least one reinforcement layer a composite material comprising at least one thermoplastic material and includes at least one mineral filler.

7. Method in accordance with claim 6, whereby the composite material at least one mineral filler and at least one thermoplastic material in a includes a ratio of at least 2.5:

1.

8. Method of working in accordance with one of the preceding claims, whereby at least one core layer a thermoplastic composition, in particular at least one comprises temperature-sensitive thermoplastic composition.

9. Method in accordance with claim 8, where the thermoplastic composition at least one mineral material and at least one thermoplastic material, at preference includes a ratio of at least 1:1, preferably at least 2:

1.

10. Method of working in accordance with one of the preceding claims, whereby at least one core layer is at least partially foamed.

11. Method of working in accordance with one of the preceding claims, whereby at least one balancing layer a composite material comprising at least one mineral filler and at least one thermoplastic material, preferably in a ratio of at least 3:1, includes.

12. Method in accordance with one of claims 6-11, whereby at least one thermoplastic material of at least one reinforcing layer, at least one core layer and / or at least one balancing layer from the polyvinyl chloride group (PVC), bio-based polyvinyl chloride, bio-attributable polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate glycol modified (PETg), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) selected is becoming.

13. Method in accordance with one of claims 6-12, whereby at least one mineral material and / or at least one mineral filler of at least one reinforcement layer, at least one core layer and / or at least one balancing layer from the group of limestone, chalk, talc, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride and / or dolomite is chosen.

14. Method of working in accordance with one of the preceding conclusions, whereby the ten at least one transparent polymer layer through a thermoplastic wear layer, a lacquer, an ultra-matte lacquer, a high-gloss lacquer, a high-gloss thermoplastic film , a PET film and / or a polyurethane hot melth resin is formed.

15. Method of working in accordance with one of the preceding conclusions, whereby the ten at least one thermoformed decorative fixture at least one kitchen sink, washbasin, countertop, bathtub, shelf, shower tray or a forms a combination thereof.

16. Thermoformed decorative fixture formed by the method according to one of the preceding conclusions.

17. Thermoformed decorative fixture, comprising at least one wall section, where said wall section comprises a laminated structure, whereby the said laminated structure comprises the following: - at least one transparent polymer layer; - at least one top layer containing at least one reinforcement layer, at least includes one decorative element; - at least one core layer; and - at least one balancing layer; where the thermoformed decorative fixture has a three-dimensional has configuration 18. Luminaire within the meaning of claim 17, where at least a part of at least one wall section defines at least one recording space.

19. Luminaire within the meaning of claim 17 or 18, where the laminated structure is laminated panel, in particular an extruded and / or thermolaminated panel is.

20. Luminaire according to one of claims 17-19, where at least one reinforcement layer a composite material comprising at least one thermoplastic material and includes at least one mineral filler.

21. Luminaire within the meaning of claim 20, where the composite material is at least one mineral filler and at least one thermoplastic material in a comprises a ratio of at least 2.5:1, preferably at least 3:

1.

22. Luminaire according to one of Claims 17-21, where at least one core layer a thermoplastic composition, in particular at least one comprises temperature-sensitive thermoplastic composition.

23. Luminaire within the meaning of claim 22, where the thermoplastic composition at least one mineral filler and at least one thermoplastic material in a ratio of at least 1:1, preferably at least 1.5:1 and / or at most 3:1, preferably comprises at most 2.5:

1.

24. Luminaire according to one of claims 17-23, where at least one balancing layer a composite material comprising at least one thermoplastic material and includes at least one mineral filler.

25. Luminaire within the meaning of claim 24, where the composite material is at least one mineral filler and at least one thermoplastic material in a comprises a ratio of at least 2.5:1, preferably at least 3:

1.

26. Luminaire according to one of claims 20-25, where at least one thermoplastic material of at least one reinforcing layer, at least one core layer and / or at least one balancing layer from the polyvinyl chloride group (PVC), bio-based polyvinyl chloride, bio-attributable polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate glycol modified (PETg), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) selected is.

27. Luminaire according to one of claims 20-26, where at least one mineral filler of at least one reinforcement layer, at least one core layer and / or at least one balancing layer from the group of limestone, chalk, talc, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium dihydroxide, aluminum trihydroxide, magnesium oxide and / or dolomite has been chosen.

28. Luminaire according to one of claims 17-27, where at least one transparent polymer layer a thermoplastic wear layer, a lacquer, an ultra-matte lacquer, a high-gloss lacquer, a high-gloss thermoplastic film, a PET film and / or includes a polyurethane hot meltar.

29. Luminaire according to one of claims 17-28, where at least one top layer and / or reinforcement layer a Vicat softening point in the range of 60- has 90 degrees Celsius, preferably in the range of 80-90 degrees Celsius and / or where at least one balancing layer has a Vicat softening point in the range from 60-90 degrees Celsius, preferably in the range of 80-90 degrees Celsius, has.

30. Luminaire according to one of claims 17-29, where at least a part of at least one core layer a Vicat softening point in the range of 50-80 degrees Celsius, more preferably in the range of 60-70 degrees Celsius.

31. Luminaire according to one of claims 17-30, where at least one core layer is at least partially foamed.

32. Luminaire according to one of claims 17-31, where at least a part of at least one core layer comprises at least one expansion gradient.

33. Luminaire according to one of claims 17-32, where the thickness of ten at least part of at least one core layer at at least two places is different.

34. Luminaire according to one of Claims 17-33, comprising at least one protective layer that has at least one UV, heat, virus, bacteria and / or includes mold-resistant additive.

35. Luminaire according to one of Claims 17-34, comprising at least one drain opening.

36. Luminaire according to one of the conclusions 17-35, where the spatial configuration of the luminaire by at least one subsurface and at least one lateral surface is defined, where at least a part of at least one lateral surface at an angle with respect to at least one lower surface is placed that is greater than 90 degrees.

37. Luminaire according to one of claims 17-36, where at least one top layer and / or at least one balancing layer an integral part of at least form one core layer.

38. Luminaire according to one of claims 17-37, where the luminaire at at least one kitchen sink, washbasin, countertop, bathtub, shelf, forms a shower tray or a combination thereof.

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