Disc implement for soil cultivation and sowing
The disc implement addresses uneven soil processing and high energy consumption by using adjustable, overlapping disc coulters with corrugated surfaces for optimal cutting angles, enhancing soil crumbling and reducing energy use.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- RU · RU
- Patent Type
- Utility models
- Current Assignee / Owner
- FEDERALNOE GOSUDARSTVENNOE BJUDZHETNOE OBRAZOVATELNOE UCHREZHDENIE VYSSHEGO OBRAZOVANIJA ALTAJSKIJ GOSUDARSTVENNYJ TEKHNICHESKIJ UNIV IM I I POLZUNOVA ALTGTU
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing disc implements for soil cultivation and sowing face issues such as uneven soil processing, increased energy consumption, and inefficient soil crumbling due to rotating disc coulters, which complicate machine design and require high-powered traction equipment.
A disc implement design featuring hollow shafts with disc coulters placed on a frame, allowing rotation and adjustable positioning, where each coulter overlaps partially with a gap, and incorporates a corrugated outer lateral surface on a truncated right cone for optimal cutting angles, reducing energy consumption and improving soil crumbling.
The design enhances soil crumbling efficiency and reduces energy expenditure by optimizing cutting angles and minimizing soil friction, resulting in a smoother processed surface with reduced energy consumption.
Smart Images
Figure 00000001_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] The utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering and can be used in units for sowing agricultural crops, applying fertilizers and cultivating soil.
[0002] A disc implement for soil cultivation is known, containing hollow racks with horizontally mounted disc coulters, made with the possibility of free rotation relative to their axis and fixed on a frame at an angle in the longitudinal plane (see patent RU 2357395, A01C 7 / 20. 10.06.2009).
[0003] When moving this implement, the soil cultivation process is not significantly different from that of a conventional subsoiler. If the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, its moisture content, and the plant root system are evenly distributed across the working width, the disc coulter will move like a wing or subsoiler, and the intensity of the impact on the soil will depend on the surface profile of the working tool. However, if increased resistance is encountered in the soil on any one side of the working surface, the disc will rotate toward the greater resistance. The physical and mechanical properties of the soil, the plant root system, and plant residues on the field surface are constantly changing, so the coulter rotates back and forth during operation.
[0004] The disadvantage of this tool is that when the direction of movement of one half of the disk surface coincides with the soil, the drag forces will decrease due to the decrease in their relative velocity, while on the other half, they will increase. It is well known that as the relative velocity of the working element to the soil increases, the drag forces increase proportionally to the square of the speed. Therefore, the resulting drag force of the coulter will increase compared to a non-rotating disc coulter.
[0005] A disc implement for soil cultivation and sowing is known, containing hollow racks fixed on a frame at an angle in a longitudinal plane, with the possibility of rotation around its axis, horizontal disc knives placed on the hollow racks (see patent RU 49415, A01B 49 / 06. 11 / 27 / 2005).
[0006] A disadvantage of this design is the increased unevenness of the processed surface. This is due to the fact that as the coulter rotates in different directions, some soil is transferred from one half to the other and vice versa. To level the processed field surface, seeding systems require additional working elements, which complicates the machine design and requires additional energy for tillage. Furthermore, overcoming soil resistance with such a tool requires significant energy consumption, necessitating the use of high-powered traction equipment.
[0007] The closest in its technical essence is a disk implement for soil cultivation and sowing (see patent RU 2552082. IPC A01B 49 / 06; A01C 5 / 08; A01C 7 / 20. Published 10.06.2015. Bulletin No. 16), containing hollow posts with disk coulters placed on a frame, made with the possibility of rotation, wherein the hollow posts are placed sequentially one after another on two bars with an inclination in the longitudinal and transverse plane, the bars are installed on the frame and connected by their front ends to it with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane, wherein each previous disk coulter partially overlaps the next one and is installed with a gap above it.
[0008] The disadvantage of the known device is the insufficient degree of crumbling of the soil layer by disc coulters and the increased energy intensity of the technological process, since the cutting edges of the disc coulters, due to their configuration, are not located at optimal angles for cutting the soil layer.
[0009] The problem solved by the utility model is to increase the degree of soil layer crumbling and reduce energy costs for its cutting.
[0010] The stated problem is solved with the help of a disc implement for tillage and sowing, containing hollow shafts with disc coulters placed on a frame, made with the possibility of rotation, wherein the hollow shafts are placed sequentially one after the other on two bars in the form of a profile square metal pipe, each with an inclination in the longitudinal and transverse planes, the bars are installed on the frame and connected by their front ends to it with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane, wherein each previous disc coulter partially overlaps the next one and is installed with a gap above it, where each disc coulter is made in the form of a fixed on a hub, connected to the hollow shaft with the help of a keyed connection and fixed relative to it with the help of a screw,a disk knife with a corrugated outer lateral surface of a hollow truncated right cone mounted on top of it symmetrically to the axis of symmetry and rotation of the hollow shaft, adjacent to the disk knife with its large base without gaps, wherein the smaller base of the corrugated outer lateral surface of the hollow truncated right cone is made in the same plane with the upper end surface of the hub and is covered from above by a retaining ring attached to the hollow shaft using a keyed connection, containing stops fixed to its lower surface, entering into the recesses of the corrugated outer lateral surface of the hollow truncated right cone, wherein a pressure sleeve with a screw fixing its position relative to the hollow shaft is adjacent to the retaining ring from above,and the screws that fix the position of the hub and the pressure sleeve, with the possibility of unscrewing them by a few turns, allow the position of each disc coulter to be set in height, observing the gaps, with the possibility of subsequently fixing this position when they are screwed in.
[0011] The utility model is explained by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a general diagram of a section of an implement for tillage and sowing; Fig. 2 shows a diagram of the inclination of the hollow axes of the disks in the longitudinal plane; Fig. 3 shows a diagram of the inclination of the hollow axes of the disks in the transverse plane; Fig. 4 is a top-down view of the disk coulter from the plane of the joint with the locking ring 16; Fig. 5 is a side view of the disk coulter; Fig. 6 is a section A-A in Fig. 4.
[0012] The working element of the implement consists of a frame 1, on which two metal bars 2 are placed in the form of a profile square metal pipe each, with disc coulters 4 mounted sequentially on them on hollow shafts 3. The hollow posts are mounted on the bars 2 with an inclination in the longitudinal (at an angle α, Fig. 2) and transverse (at an angle γ, Fig. 3) planes, with the possibility of rotation in bearings 5. Each previous disc coulter 4 is mounted with the possibility of partially overlapping the next one and has a gap 6 relative to it. The front ends of the bars 2 are fixed on the frame on vertical hinges 7 with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane and are connected to each other using hinge joints 9 by a hydraulic cylinder 8.
[0013] Depending on the characteristics of the technological processing process and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, the angle α of installation of the hollow shafts 3, and, consequently, the disc coulters 4 in the longitudinal plane can change.
[0014] Each disc coulter 4 is made with the help of screws 10 secured on the hub 11, connected to the hollow shaft 3 with the help of a keyway 12 and fixed relative to it with the help of a screw 13, flush with its lower end of the disc knife 14 with the axis of symmetry and rotation of the hollow shaft 3 mounted on top of it symmetrically adjacent without gaps with its large base to the disc knife 14 at a distance of 5 mm from its pointed cutting edge of the corrugated outer lateral surface 15 of the hollow truncated right cone, wherein the lines of symmetry of the twelve vertices and twelve depressions of the outer corrugated surface intersect the axis of symmetry and rotation of the disc coulter 4 at one point located above the hub 11.The smaller base of the corrugated outer side surface 15 of the hollow truncated straight cone is made in the same plane with the upper end surface of the hub 11 and is covered from above by a locking ring 16 connected to the hollow shaft 3 by means of a keyway 12, containing stops 17 fixed to its lower surface entering the recesses of the corrugated outer side surface 15 of the hollow truncated straight cone. From above, a clamping sleeve 18 is mounted on the hollow shaft 3 by means of a keyway 12 and is adjoined by a screw 19 fixing its position relative to the hollow shaft 3. Screws 13 and 19 fixing the position of the hub 11 and the clamping sleeve 18 with the possibility of unscrewing them by revolutions make it possible to set the position of each disc coulter 4 in height while maintaining gaps 6 with the possibility of, when they screwing in the subsequent fixation of this position.
[0015] When moving across the field, a disc implement for soil cultivation and seeding, containing disc coulters 4 mounted on metal bars 2 of frame 1 with partial overlapping and angle α to the processed surface, cuts the upper layer and the root part of plants with the cutting edge of the disc 14, limited by the cutting edges of the adjacent disc coulters 4. As the disc coulter 4 moves, the soil layer is lifted, compressed and deformed, which causes the destruction of its initial constitution. The processed soil layer presses with great force on the working surface of one half of the disc coulter 4, and due to the resulting cutting force and friction force, the discs of the coulters of the right part of the working element of the disc implement rotate together with the hollow axles 3 in bearings 5 around the axes clockwise, and the left - counterclockwise. This occurs due to the displacement of the forces of the soil impact relative to the axis of rotation on each of the disks of bars 2.The surface of each working half of the rotating discs will move at a relatively low speed toward the soil layer being processed, significantly reducing energy expenditure on soil friction against the disc coulters 4. Gap 6 prevents friction between the disc coulters 4 and soil compaction. Seed is fed from the hopper (not shown) along hollow shafts 3 under the disc coulters 4. To increase the implement's working width, hydraulic cylinder 8 is activated, which spreads the bars 2, which, in turn, rotate on vertical hinges 7.
[0016] The cutting edges of the discs 14 are angled to minimize energy consumption during the process. The soil layer they cut is then subjected to the gentle milling action of the corrugated conical surfaces 15, which simultaneously facilitate the further advancement of the already separated soil layer, which is losing its integrity. This significantly improves the quality of soil crumbling throughout the entire soil layer.
Claims
A disc implement for tillage and sowing, comprising hollow shafts with disc coulters arranged on a frame, made with the possibility of rotation, wherein the hollow shafts are arranged sequentially one after the other on two bars in the form of a profile square metal pipe, each with an inclination in the longitudinal and transverse planes, the bars are mounted on the frame and connected by their front ends to it with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane, wherein each previous disc coulter partially overlaps the next one and is installed with a gap above it, characterized in that each disc coulter is made in the form of a disc knife secured on a hub, connected to the hollow shaft with a keyed connection and fixed relative to it with a screw, with a corrugated outer side surface of a hollow truncated right cone mounted on top of it symmetrically to the axis of symmetry and rotation of the hollow shaft, adjacent without gaps with a large base to the disc knife,wherein the smaller base of the corrugated outer side surface of the hollow truncated straight cone is made in the same plane as the upper end surface of the hub and is covered from above by a retaining ring attached to the hollow shaft using a keyed connection, containing stops fixed to its lower surface that fit into the recesses of the corrugated outer side surface of the hollow truncated straight cone, while a pressure sleeve with a screw that fixes its position relative to the hollow shaft adjoins the retaining ring from above, and the screws that fix the position of the hub and the pressure sleeve with the possibility of unscrewing them by turns make it possible to set the position of each disc coulter in height while maintaining gaps with the possibility of subsequently fixing this position when they are screwed in.