Multifunctional machine with numerical software for processing metal, wood, plastic, stone, and ceramics

Abstract

This utility model pertains to mechanical engineering, specifically to numerically controlled machine tools, and can be used for processing various materials. To ensure the machine's versatility and the ability to perform milling operations, a milling table made of aluminum profiles is mounted above the worktable with lamellas using support profiles attached to the base with strips and bolts. A welding and surfacing table is mounted on the support profiles for welding operations. The support profile mounting strips are designed to allow for height adjustment of the milling table. The support profiles are designed as ties of vertical support posts along the X-axis. Adjustable ties for securing the laser cutting table are designed as ties of vertical support posts along the Y-axis. The ties for securing the worktables are located at different heights.It can process metal, wood, plastic, stone, ceramics and other materials using a 3-in-1 laser welding machine and a spindle with a cutter. 3 fig.

Description

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of mechanical engineering, in particular to machine tool building, namely to machines with numerical control for processing metal, wood, plastic, stone, ceramics, etc.

[0002] Milling machines with a spindle and cutter are used to process various materials—metal, wood, plastic, stone, ceramics, etc.—to create parts and products of specified shapes and sizes. Machines with numerical control (CNC) ensure high-quality manufactured parts. At the same time, the emergence of 3-in-1 laser welding machines, which combine cutting, welding, surfacing, and metal cleaning functions, has ensured their widespread adoption. The low cost and combination of various functions in a single laser welding machine meets the needs of small workshops for metal processing (cutting, welding, laser welding, and cleaning) with low production volumes. The emergence of CNC machines combining laser metal processing and milling functions is driven by a number of technological, economic, and industrial factors.These factors are related to the development of automation, increasing demands on precision, expanding material processing capabilities and the needs of modern production.

[0003] However, they are very expensive, which limits their wide use in workshops with a small volume of manufactured products.

[0004] A large number of different machines are known from the level of technology, including CNC machines, capable of processing metal, wood, plastic, stone, ceramics, etc.

[0005] A device for producing relief products (USSR patent 1486343, published on 15.06.1989), comprising a bed with a movable table, a support with spindles and power cylinders, horizontal guides for the support located on the bed, a vertical movement unit for the spindles, made in the form of a vertically movable rod placed along the horizontal guide with adjustable stops mounted on it under the power cylinders, wherein the spindles have limiting projections fixed opposite the adjustable stops.

[0006] The device has a rather complex kinematic scheme with a large number of transmission links, which reduces the reliability of the device and increases its metal consumption.

[0007] In addition, the movement of the table, which is a massive part, does not allow achieving the specified processing accuracy due to the inertia of this movement, which, in turn, reduces the quality of processing.

[0008] A woodworking milling machine with an overhead spindle (RU 12994 U1, published 20.03.2003), comprising a frame with a table mounted on it, a milling head located above it, mounted on a beam with the possibility of longitudinal and vertical movement along corresponding guides, drives for longitudinal and vertical movement and means for controlling the movement of the milling head, a drive for transverse movement and a corresponding guide on which the milling head is mounted with the possibility of movement along it, and the table is fixedly secured to the frame.

[0009] Benchtop milling and engraving machine (RU 155642 U1, published 10.10.2015), comprising a base, a work table, two Y-axis travel guides, two X-axis travel guides, an upper clamp, a left side wall, a right side wall, a plate, two Z-axis travel guides, a cover plate, a spindle unit, a ball screw along the X-axis, a ball screw along the Y-axis, a ball screw along the Z-axis, a processing tool, a nut, an additional rotation axis unit consisting of: a platform with T-shaped slots, a housing, a tailstock, a three-jaw lathe chuck, a stepper motor, a connecting wire and connector, a workpiece, an electronic machine control unit, a control computer.

[0010] Two-column longitudinal milling machine with a stationary portal and a cantilever-sliding table (RU 215431 U1, published 12 / 13 / 2022), comprising a frame with a stationary portal with installed linear guides and linear bearings, a work table with installed linear bearings and linear guides.

[0011] A CNC longitudinal milling machine (RU 63729 U1, published 10.06.2007) comprising a bed with longitudinal guides, a table mounted so as to be able to move along the longitudinal guides of the bed and provided with an appropriate drive, two columns attached to the bed, connected from above by a cross beam and having vertical guides, a crosshead mounted so as to be able to move along the vertical guides of the columns, provided with an appropriate drive and having horizontal guides, a carriage mounted so as to be able to move along the horizontal guides of the crosshead and provided with an appropriate drive, as well as a milling head provided with a spindle rotation drive, wherein the crosshead movement drive consists of two - one for each column - synchronously operating drives, vertical guides are fixed on the carriage, the machine is provided with a slider,mounted with the possibility of movement along the vertical guides of the carriage and equipped with the corresponding drive, the milling head is fixed on the slider and is made two-axis with the possibility of programmable rotation of the spindle around the vertical and horizontal axes, the drives for moving the table, crosshead, carriage and slider are made in the form of screw-nut rolling transmissions, the screws of which are driven into rotation by means of electric motors and are equipped with speed sensors, the outputs of the sensors are connected to the inputs of the CNC system, and the outputs of the CNC system are connected through converters to the electric motors of these drives.

[0012] This machine, thanks to its five controlled drives, allows for the machining of more complex profiles. However, the additional controlled axes significantly reduce the machining area compared to three-axis machines.

[0013] The prototype is a known prior art multifunctional metal processing machine using a 3-in-1 laser welding machine (RU 240725 U1, published 01 / 23 / 2026), comprising a base with a metal cutting worktable mounted thereon, made of sections with lamellas, a welding and surfacing tabletop, and a metal cleaning worktable made with a refractory coating and the ability to be installed and fixed at different heights by installing stoppers in holes made in the base. Above the worktable, a gantry is located, configured to allow rectilinear movement along guides along the Y axis using a ball screw transmission of the Y axis. The gantry couplers are fixed to vertical posts. The couplers carry X-axis guides along which the plate is moved using a ball screw transmission along the X axis.The plate features guides along which the bracket is mounted, using a ball screw, moves along the Z-axis. A portable laser head is mounted on the bracket using stops and a clamp. The bracket is designed to rotate and lock relative to the X-axis, along with the installed portable laser head, using segmented circular grooves and screws. A support bracket, mounted on the stand, is provided to support the fiber optic cable, cooling tubes, wire, and other equipment necessary for the portable laser head's operation. The ball screws are driven by stepper motors for the X, Y, and Z axes, respectively. The stepper motors rotate the ball screws for the X, Y, and Z axes, respectively. The stepper motor rotation is controlled by an electronic control unit.Stopping of stepper motors is carried out using end sensors of the X, Y, Z axes.

[0014] The disadvantages of the known devices and the prototype are the impossibility of simultaneously using the above-mentioned machines for processing metal with a 3-in-1 laser welding machine and metal, wood, plastic, stone, ceramics, etc. with a spindle with a cutter due to the imperfection of the machine design.

[0015] The technical result of the claimed utility model is to ensure the versatility of a multifunctional machine by improving the design of the machine to enable processing of metal, wood, plastic, stone, ceramics, etc. using a 3-in-1 laser welding machine and a spindle with a cutter.

[0016] The technical result is achieved due to the fact that above the working table with lamellas, in order to ensure the possibility of performing milling operations, a milling table made of aluminum profiles is mounted due to the support profiles attached to the base by means of strips and bolts, made with the possibility of fastening the workpieces to be processed on them, for carrying out welding operations, a table for welding and surfacing is mounted on the supporting profiles, wherein the strips for fastening the supporting profiles are made with the possibility of adjusting the milling table in height, the supporting profiles are made in the form of ties of vertical support posts along the X axis, adjustable strips for fastening the table for laser cutting are made in the form of ties of vertical support posts along the Y axis, the strips for fastening the working tables are at different levels in height.

[0017] A multifunctional machine with numerical software for processing metal, wood, plastic, stone, and ceramics is shown in Fig. 1 - front view, Fig. 2 - side view, Fig. 3 - milling table.

[0018] A multifunctional machine with numerical control software for processing metal, wood, plastic, stone and ceramics comprises a base 1 (Fig. 1) with a working table 3 for cutting metal installed on it, made of sections with removable lamellas 22, a milling table 4, made with the possibility of mounting and dismounting, which is located above the working table 3 and consists of aluminum profiles 23, made with the possibility of fastening blanks in them (not shown in the Fig.), secured by means of bolts 24, on supporting profiles 25, which are attached to the base 1 with the help of strips 26 and bolts 27, wherein the strips 26 are made with the possibility of adjusting the milling table 4 in height, a table 2 for cleaning metal, made with a fireproof coating and the possibility of installation and fixation at different heights by installing stoppers 18 (Fig. 2) in openings 19 made in the base.A milling table or a tabletop for welding and surfacing can be installed in place of installation of the milling table 4. Installation of the milling table 4 does not require dismantling the working table 3. Above the milling table 4 (Fig. 1) there is a portal configured to allow rectilinear movement along guides 6 along the Y axis using a ball screw transmission 21 (Fig. 2) of the Y axis. Ties 17 (Fig. 1) of the portal are fixed on vertical posts 10. Guides 7 of the X axis are located on the ties, along which the plate 13 is moved using a ball screw transmission 9 along the X axis. Guides 12 are located on the plate 13, along which the movement is carried out using a ball screw transmission 15 along the Z axis of the overlay 20 (Fig. 2), on which a bracket 11 is fixed, on which a portable laser head 16 or a spindle for milling (not shown in the diagram) is installed. Ball screws are driven by stepper motors 8, 5, 14 axes X, Y, Z respectively.Stepper motors 8, 5, 14 drive the rotation of ball screws 9, 21 (Fig. 2), 15 (Fig. 1) of the X, Y, Z axes, respectively. The rotation of the stepper motors 8, 5, 14 is controlled by an electronic control unit (not shown in the Fig.). The stopping of the stepper motors 8, 5, 14 is carried out by means of the end sensors of the X, Y, Z axes (not shown in the Fig.).

[0019] Multifunctional CNC machine for processing metal, wood, plastic, stone, ceramics works as follows.

[0020] When processing metal using a 3-in-1 handheld laser machine, bracket 11 is installed on overlay 20, into which portable laser head 16 is mounted (Fig. 1). The control connectors of handheld laser head 16 are connected to the machine control unit (not shown in the figure). The workpiece is placed on work table 3, the required focal length above the metal surface is set, and the metal is cut.

[0021] For welding, a welding tabletop (not shown in the figure) is installed above the work table 3 on support profiles 25, on which the parts to be welded together (not shown in the figure) are placed; if necessary, they are secured to the table and / or to each other. The ground wire (not shown in the figure) is connected to the welding table.

[0022] To clean metal surfaces, the part to be cleaned is placed on metal cleaning table 2, and the lamellas 22 above the surface to be cleaned are removed. On portable laser head 16 (Fig. 1), the nozzle is replaced with a cleaning lens, portable laser head 16 is positioned above the part (workpiece), and the required focal length for cleaning is set using the Z-axis drive. Metal cleaning table 2 can be adjusted to the desired height to provide different focal lengths using stoppers 18 and openings 19 in base 1.

[0023] For surfacing, the same operations are performed as for welding preparation. The manual laser head 16 must be equipped with a wire feeder.

[0024] Data is entered into the control unit (not shown in the figure) and the metal processing process is started.

[0025] When milling operations are required on the machine for equipping the milling table 4, which is located above the work table 3 with lamellas 22, aluminum profiles 23 are mounted on supporting profiles 25, using strips 26 and bolts 27 attached to the base 1, and are designed to allow fastening of workpieces to them using fasteners (not shown in the figure). In this case, dismantling the lamellas 22 is not necessary. The workpiece is fastened to the assembled milling table 4 (not shown in the figure).

[0026] To ensure milling operations, a spindle with the required cutter (not shown in the figure) is mounted on the overlay 20 and the spindle control connectors are connected from the machine control unit (not shown in the figure).

[0027] Data is entered into the control unit (not shown in the figure) and the milling process is started.

[0028] After completing the milling work, the milling table 4 is dismantled and the machine is used for laser metal processing.

[0029] Thus, compared to the prototype, the proposed technical solution ensures its versatility due to the use of a 3-in-1 laser welding machine on the machine when processing metal and a spindle with a cutter when processing metal, wood, plastic, stone, ceramics, etc.

Claims

A multifunctional machine with numerical control software for processing metal, wood, plastic, stone, ceramics, comprising a base, work tables arranged on the base one above the other and a portal placed above the upper table, the posts of which are mounted on the base guides with the ability to move along it along the horizontal Y axis, wherein between the said posts ties are fixed with guides installed on them, located along the horizontal X axis across the base, and on the guides along the X axis a plate is mounted with the ability to move along them, on which guides are fixed along the vertical Z axis, on which a bracket with a laser head located on it is mounted with the ability to move along them, characterized in that above the work table with lamellas for performing milling work using support profiles attached to the base by means of strips and bolts a milling table made of aluminum profiles is mounted,designed with the possibility of fastening workpieces to them, and for carrying out welding work, a table for welding and surfacing is mounted on the supporting profiles, while the strips for fastening the supporting profiles are designed with the possibility of adjusting the milling table in height, the supporting profiles are made in the form of ties of vertical support posts along the X axis, adjustable strips for fastening the table for laser cutting are made in the form of ties of vertical support posts along the Y axis, and the strips for fastening the work tables are located at different levels in height.

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