SMOKELESS OVEN FOR SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL

Description

[0001] The utility model relates to devices for the disposal of solid waste, in particular to furnaces with two-stage combustion, ensuring the minimization of harmful emissions due to the complete oxidation of pyrolysis gases.

[0002] Technically, waste incinerators include a primary combustion chamber and flue gas exhaust system. However, their drawback is incomplete combustion of pyrolysis gases, resulting in increased levels of toxic substances in the emissions.

[0003] Also known is a device for burning garbage, containing a container for burning garbage with an air supply unit and a unit for removing combustion products (B.I. Levin. Use of solid municipal waste in the energy supply system. Moscow: Energoizdat. 1982).

[0004] The disadvantage of this device is also the incomplete combustion of gaseous pyrolysis products, which leads to an increased content of toxic substances in the emissions.

[0005] A device for burning garbage is known (RU patent for invention No. 2112906, 10.06.1998, F23G 5 / 00 (1995.01)), containing a container for burning garbage with an air supply unit and a unit for removing combustion products.

[0006] The specified waste incineration device was selected as a prototype. The proposed technical solution eliminates its drawback: incomplete combustion of gaseous pyrolysis products.

[0007] Technical task - creation of a smokeless furnace for the disposal of solid waste.

[0008] The technical result of using the utility model is to ensure complete primary combustion of solid waste and afterburning of pyrolysis gases in a secondary chamber, which ensures the minimization of harmful emissions.

[0009] The technical result is achieved due to:

[0010] 1. Two-stage combustion process - primary combustion and subsequent secondary combustion;

[0011] 2. spatial separation of the primary chamber and the afterburning chamber;

[0012] 3. targeted supply of secondary air through a separate pipe;

[0013] 4. Optimized chamber volumes and aerodynamics of gas ducts.

[0014] The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the device loaded with solid waste, Fig. 2 is an internal view of the device, a view from above, and Fig. 3 is a front view of the device.

[0015] Smokeless solid waste disposal furnace includes the following components:

[0016] outer casing 1;

[0017] primary combustion chamber 2;

[0018] afterburning chamber 3;

[0019] Additional cold air pipe 4;

[0020] smoke pipe 5;

[0021] pyrolysis gas generation space 6;

[0022] metal plates 7;

[0023] Loading opening 8;

[0024] cold air outlet 9;

[0025] ash pan opening 10;

[0026] primary combustion chamber side wall slots 11;

[0027] Rear wall slots of the primary combustion chamber 12;

[0028] Additional cold air pipe gaps 13.

[0029] A smokeless furnace for the disposal of solid waste includes a rectangular outer casing 1, optionally made 5 mm thick, providing protection from thermal radiation, and an internal cylindrical primary combustion chamber 2, optionally made with a volume of 70 liters, which is a loading and primary combustion zone for solid waste. Between the outer casing 1 and the primary combustion chamber 2 there is a space for the formation of pyrolysis gases 6, optionally made 10 cm wide. The outer casing 1 and the primary combustion chamber 2 are fastened to each other by means of rectangular metal plates 7, providing space for the formation of pyrolysis gases 6. Behind the primary combustion chamber 2, which is the main one, a second additional afterburning chamber 3 is located, which is a tank for the secondary afterburning of pyrolysis gases, optionally made with a volume of 30 liters.On the side wall of the afterburning chamber 3 there are slits of the side wall of the afterburning chamber 11, and on the rear wall of the afterburning chamber 3 there are slits of the rear wall of the afterburning chamber 12 for the passage of pyrolysis gases. On the front part of the device below the afterburning chamber 3 there is an opening for cold air 9, optionally made with a diameter of 75 mm, for a separate pipe of additional cold air 4. Additional cold air enters through the pipe of additional cold air 4 into the afterburning chamber 3 and thereby ensures the complete combustion of residual pyrolysis gases, minimizing the emission of toxic substances into the atmosphere through the chimney 5.

[0030] Solid waste is loaded through loading opening 8, which is located at the front of the unit. Ash from burning solid waste accumulates through grate 14, which is located on the bottom wall of primary combustion chamber 2. Ash from solid waste is cleaned through ash pan opening 10, which is located under primary combustion chamber 2.

[0031] The main elements of the proposed device perform the following functions:

[0032] The outer rectangular casing provides protection against thermal radiation and forms the outer contour of the device;

[0033] The internal cylindrical combustion chamber, optionally made with a volume of 70 liters, is the loading and primary combustion zone of the waste;

[0034] The ash pan and grate are used to collect ash and supply primary air;

[0035] secondary combustion chamber - space behind the internal chamber for combustion of pyrolysis gases;

[0036] A secondary cold air supply system, designed as an afterburner pipe, optionally available with a diameter of 75 mm, supplies air directly to the afterburner chamber;

[0037] chimney, optionally made with a diameter of 280 mm and a length of 340 cm, for removing combustion products;

[0038] Loading door and ash door provide access for loading waste and for maintenance;

[0039] Feet / base provide stability to the device and allow air circulation under the device.

[0040] The use of the claimed technical solution ensures efficiency – complete combustion of waste and pyrolysis gases due to a two-stage process; and environmental friendliness – reduction of harmful emissions due to secondary combustion.

[0041] The main advantage of this stove is its ability to burn continuously. This makes it particularly useful, for example, for use in a garage. The burn time on a single load of dry firewood is over 3 hours.

[0042] The indoor carbon monoxide level during combustion is 0.004-0.005%.

[0043] The carbon monoxide level outside near the garage (near the roof of the garage) is 0.001-0.002%.

[0044] The efficiency of such a furnace is 5%.

[0045] In a room with a volume of 49 cubic meters, the temperature changes from -10 to +6 degrees Celsius for 3 hours 18 minutes, when the outside temperature is -20 degrees.

Claims

A smokeless furnace for the disposal of solid waste, comprising a chimney and a rectangular outer casing, characterized in that it comprises a rectangular outer casing and an inner cylindrical chamber for primary combustion, wherein between the outer casing and the primary combustion chamber there is a space for the formation of pyrolysis gases, wherein the outer casing and the primary combustion chamber are connected to each other by means of rectangular metal plates that provide a space for the formation of pyrolysis gases, and behind the primary combustion chamber, which is the main one, a second additional afterburning chamber is located, which is a container for the secondary afterburning of pyrolysis gases, wherein on the side wall of the primary combustion chamber there are slits of the side wall of the primary combustion chamber, and on the rear wall of the primary combustion chamber there are slits of the rear wall of the primary combustion chamber for the passage of pyrolysis gases,On the front of the device below the afterburner chamber there is a cold air opening for a separate additional cold air pipe, on the front of the device there is a loading opening, the grate is on the bottom wall of the primary combustion chamber, and the ash pan is located under the primary combustion chamber.

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