Multi-frequency signal generating device

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention can be used to construct multi-channel excitation devices. For this purpose, a device is proposed that comprises a serial-parallel message recording register 1; a key control unit 2; a unit for generating a set of operating frequencies 3, including a radio frequency spectrum monitoring complex 3.1, a module for requirements for noise immunity 3.2, a module for assessing the interference level 3.3, a module for checking compliance with the requirements for the interference level 3.4, a module for generating a matrix of free frequencies 3.5, a module for calculating electromagnetic compatibility 3.6, a database of a set of compatible operating frequencies 3.7; a unified time and synchronization system 4; a pseudo-random sequence generator 5; an operating frequency setting unit 6; an electronic key unit 7; a frequency code adder 8, a DAC 11; a bandpass filter 12; a power amplifier 13; an antenna matching unit 14 and an antenna-feeder subsystem 15.EFFECT: ability to generate multi-frequency signals taking into account the level of interference, ensuring electromagnetic compatibility of the allocated set of operating frequencies with an expansion of their range towards higher frequencies.1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention relates to radio engineering, namely, to the technique of digital synthesis of frequencies and signals, and can be used to construct multi-channel excitation devices using multi-frequency signals with constant and changing spectral composition.

[0002] A radio transmitting complex is known (Nikolashin Yu.L., Budko P.A., Zhukov G.A., Ugrik L.N. A new direction for creating noise-immune radio lines of the decameter wave range / / Communication equipment. 2021. No. 1 (153). pp. 2-26, Figure 11 - Functional diagram of the radio transmitting complex), including a message source connected to a storage device controlled by a signal to start transmitting a message from a generator of a matrix for transmitting communication sessions with time intervals changing according to a pseudo-random law (PRLS) and connected to a coding module connected to a serial-parallel register for recording a message block, the parallel outputs of which “1st bit”, “2nd bit”, ..., “m-th bit”, ..., “M-th bit” are fed to the key element block and through the information bus to a multi-channel exciter device (MVU), and then sequentially to the power amplifier, antenna matching device and to the transmitting antenna of the antenna-feeder subsystem.In this case, the MWU is controlled through a generator of the matrix of changes in operating frequencies according to a pseudo-random law (PRFL), which, together with the generator of the matrix of the PPWS, is connected to an autonomous synchronization system.

[0003] The disadvantage of the radio transmitting complex is the formation of a multi-frequency signal and the timing of the start of its transmission without taking into account the level of interference in the propagation environment of radio waves of the selected frequency range, which generally affects the reliability and probability of communication in the radio line.

[0004] A multi-channel digital excitation system is known (Zinchenko D.V., Katanovich A.A., Tsyvanyuk V.A., Kashin A.L. Multi-channel digital excitation system / Patent RU No. 2691757, H04B 7 / 00; H03B 5 / 00, published 06 / 18 / 2019), built on the basis of a single universal digital FPGA module, which includes various functional blocks that generate coherent signals to ensure the desired radiation pattern. Control of the module operating mode and delivery of all information necessary for the formation of the emitted signal is carried out through the interface unit over the Ethernet network and is processed by a digital signal processor, which generates a low-frequency quadrature signal. The system implements direct synthesis of radio frequency and transfer of a low-frequency quadrature signal to the operating frequency, and the radio signal, completely generated by digital methods, is fed to a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).

[0005] The disadvantage of this system is its applicability to the ranges of extremely low - ultra-low (ELF-VLF) frequencies, very long - long (VLF-LW) waves and medium (MW) waves, i.e. mainly designed for use in the interests of maritime navigation and communication, including hydroacoustics, while higher frequency ranges remain uncovered: decameter or short (HF), meter or ultra-short (VHF) waves, which are the main ones for terrestrial and airborne radio communications and unmanned transport systems.

[0006] The closest in technical essence to the claimed device (prototype) is a digital frequency synthesizer (Yampurin N.P., Stankov V.S., Suchkova A.B., Tokareva V.P. Russian Federation Patent No. 2030092, IPC H03B 19 / 00, published on February 27, 1995), containing buses of N synthesized frequency codes, N digital integrators, a reference generator, N code converters, a code adder with N information inputs, a DAC, a low-pass filter and an output signal bus. In this case, the code adder with N information inputs is made in the form of log2N adding blocks, each of which is made on N / 2 r adders and N / 2 rmemory registers, where r is the number of the summing block, wherein the first and second inputs of the summing blocks of the first summing block are corresponding to one of the N information inputs of a code summing block with N information inputs, the output of each of the summing blocks is connected to the input of the corresponding memory register, the output of each of the odd-numbered memory registers of the r-th summing block is connected to the first input of the corresponding adder of the (r+1)-th summing block, the output of each of the even-numbered memory registers of the r-th summing block is connected to the second input of the corresponding adder of the (r+1)-th summing block, the clock inputs of all the memory registers of all the summing blocks are combined and are the clock input of a code summing block with N information inputs, the output of which is the output of the memory register of the (log2N)-th summing block.

[0007] The disadvantage of the prototype is the formation of a multi-frequency signal without taking into account the level of interference and the load of the selected frequency range in real time, as well as the provision of electromagnetic compatibility of the used set of operating frequencies with their minimum required spacing in the band of the lowest applicable (LAF) and maximum applicable (MUF) frequencies, creating a region of optimal operating frequencies, which affects the quality and probability of communication in the radio line.

[0008] The technical result achieved by the proposed device is the ability to generate multi-frequency signals taking into account the level of interference in a given radio link, ensuring electromagnetic compatibility of the allocated set of operating frequencies while expanding their range to high (HF) and very high (VHF) frequencies. Furthermore, the use of the available radio spectrum is possible on a secondary basis using cognitive radio technology (CRS – Cognitive Radio System, the ability to learn and self-learn), when licensed sections of the waveband are free from primary users.

[0009] In the claimed invention, the technical result is achieved in that the device for generating multi-frequency signals contains a frequency code adder, implemented according to a cascade circuit and consisting of adding blocks, each r-th of which, r = 0, 1, ..., log2N, includes N / 2 rtwo-input adders, each of which is connected by a data bus to the memory register corresponding to its number, so that the zero summing block has N adders and memory registers connected in pairs to each other, and the log2N-th summing block has one adder connected to a memory register, which is connected by a data bus to the DAC and then to the bandpass filter, while the outputs of each odd (N / 2 r –1)th and evenN / 2 r-th memory register of the r-th summing block are connected in pairs through their information buses, respectively, with the first “Input 1” and the second “Input 2” inputs of the adders of the (r+1)-th summing block, and the control inputs of all memory registers are connected to the control output “Clock frequency signals” of the universal time system (UTS) and synchronization, in addition, a bandpass filter is included, connected in series to the power amplifier, the matching unit with the antenna and the transmitting antenna of the antenna-feeder subsystem (AFS), which is the “Multi-frequency signal” output of the device.Moreover, the message planned for transmission, consisting of N bits of information, is fed to the information input "Message" of the device, which is the input of the serial-parallel message recording register, the parallel N outputs of which are connected via the information outputs "1st bit", "2nd bit", ..., "n-th bit", ..., "N-th bit" to the key control unit, coupled via the information bus for each bit with N pairs of keys of the electronic key unit, each n-th pair of which, where n = 1, 2, ..., N, consists of the key of the information unit - Key "1" and the key of the information zero - Key "0", each in turn connected via its own input buses with the corresponding control outputs of the operating frequency setting unit of the same name. », « », …, « ”, and the pairs of information outputs “1” and “2”, “3” and “4”, …, “2N-1” and “2N” of the electronic key block from each odd and even key of each n-th pair of keys are connected in pairs to the first “Input 1” and the second “Input 2” inputs of the corresponding n-th adder of the zero summing block. In addition, the SEV and synchronization through its control output "Clock frequency signals" is connected to the key control unit, the operating frequency setting unit and the pseudo-random sequence generator (PSP), which is connected by its output "PSP of operating frequencies" to the operating frequency setting unit, and by its input "Set of compatible operating frequencies" - to the output of the operating frequency set generation unit, which is the output of the database (DB) of the set of compatible operating frequencies (KSRF), which is also connected to the output "Clock frequency signals" of the SEV and synchronization and is connected to the module for calculating electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and the required frequency spacing,to the first input of which is connected a module for generating a matrix of free frequencies, coupled by its inputs "Frequency busy" and "Frequency free" with a module for checking compliance with the requirements for the interference level, and to the other - a module for requirements for noise immunity and EMC via the output "EMC requirements", the outputs of which "Acceptable interference level" and "Initial data of the radio link" respectively are fed to the second input of the module for checking compliance with the requirements for the interference level and to its first input through the interference level assessment module, the input bus of which is tied to the hardware and software complex (HSC) for monitoring the radio frequency spectrum, the input of which is connected to the receiving antenna of the AFP, which is the input "Radio monitoring data" of the device.

[0010] The essence of the invention is as follows.

[0011] Thanks to the above-mentioned new set of essential features, it becomes possible to generate a multi-frequency signal taking into account the level of interference and the load of the selected frequency range in real time, as well as to ensure the EMC of the used set of operating frequencies with their minimum required spacing in the LF and MUF bands, creating the OFC region, which affects the quality and probability of communication in the radio link.In this case, the level of interference and the load of the frequency range selected for communication are taken into account in real time by using the radio frequency spectrum (RFS) monitoring system, which acts as an intelligent sensor agent, as well as the interference level assessment module, which acts as an intelligent converter agent implementing the procedure of intelligent monitoring of the RFS state [1-3] and, on its basis, the formation of multi-frequency signals with the selection of a set of operating frequencies on a secondary basis, in the absence of operation of the primary user - the licensee of this frequency section [4]. In this case, the calculation of the OFC area for a given radio link based on the initial data defined in the noise immunity and EMC requirements module is carried out in the EMC calculation module and the minimum required frequency spacing, which implements well-known methods [4-6], which allows us to talk about the implementation of intelligent technologies based on cognitive radio systems in this technical solution.

[0012] A comparison of the proposed device and the prototype showed that the task at hand—the formation of a multi-frequency signal taking into account the level of interference and the load on the selected frequency range in real time, as well as ensuring the EMC of the used KSRF—is solved as a result of a new set of features, which proves the compliance of the proposed invention with the patentability criterion of “novelty”.

[0013] In turn, the conducted information search in the field of digital frequency and signal synthesis systems did not reveal any solutions containing individual distinctive features of the claimed device, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of “inventive step”.

[0014] The essence of the specified device is explained by graphic materials:

[0015] Fig. 1 shows a structural diagram of a device for generating multi-frequency signals;

[0016] Fig. 2 shows a functional diagram of a device for generating multi-frequency signals;

[0017] Fig. 3 shows a view of the interface of the hardware and software complex for monitoring the radio frequency spectruma) with an example of a fragment of loading the decameter wave range in the region of optimal operating frequencies (b);

[0018] Fig. 4 shows a geometric interpretation of the process of assessing the interference level in module 3.3: a fragment of the amplitude-frequency characteristic of a section of the wave range in the OFC band; a model of the OFC band with signal level thresholds U пор1 b) and U пор2 c); the dependence of the probability of correct reception of a message on the ratio of the frequency bands occupied by interference ΔF п and free from interference ΔF о G);

[0019] Fig. 5 shows the procedure for generating a single-sideband signal: amplitude modulation - AM;DSB - double-sideband amplitude modulation with suppressed carrierb);SSB - single-sideband modulation - lower sidebandc);SSB - single-sideband modulation - upper sidebandg);

[0020] Fig. 6 shows a variant of forming a multi-frequency signal in the frequency telegraphy mode (FTa) and amplitude telegraphy mode (ATb), for example, from a given information sequence 01010….10101 (letters “R” … “L” in the MTK-2 code);

[0021] Fig. 7 shows examples of the use of synthesized multi-frequency signals transmitted in the decameter wave range: a fragment of a spectrogram in the mode of parallel emission of bits of frequency telegraphy (PTa), the mode of hopping of operating frequencies according to the pseudo-random law (PRFLb), a variant of using multi-frequency signals in steganographyc), where the upper fragment of the screen form is the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the signal, and the lower fragment is the scan of the spectrogram, of the “waterfall” type.

[0022] The claimed device for generating multi-frequency signals shown in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises: a serial-parallel register for recording a message 1 into N recording cells; a key control unit 2; a unit for generating a set of operating frequencies 3, consisting of a RF monitoring system 3.1, a module for requirements for noise immunity and EMC 3.2, a module for assessing the interference level 3.3, a module for checking compliance with the requirements for the interference level 3.4, a module for generating a matrix of free frequencies 3.5, a module for calculating the EMC and the minimum required frequency spacing 3.6 and a database of the KSRF 3.7; SEV and synchronization 4; a PSP generator 5; a unit for setting operating frequencies 6; a block of electronic keys 7, including N pairs of electronic keys “Key 1” and “Key 0” in each pair; a frequency code adder 8, containing r adding blocks 8.r, where r = 0, 1, ..., log2N, each r-th of which consists of N / 2 r two-input adders 9.1, …, 9.N / 2 r, the output of each of which is connected to the input of the corresponding memory register10.1, …, 10.N / 2 r in pairs; digital-to-analog converter 11; bandpass filter 12; power amplifier 13; antenna matching unit 14 and antenna-feeder subsystem 15 with transmitting 15.1 and receiving 15.2 antennas.

[0023] The purpose of these elements of the invention is as follows:

[0024] Serial-parallel message writing register 1 – is designed to convert sequentially incoming N information bits of a message (100…101) into a parallel code, i.e. filling of the register memory bit cells occurs sequentially, and reading of the entire recorded message occurs in parallel mode from the information outputs “1st bit”, “2nd bit”, …, “n-th bit”, …, “N-th bit”. Serial-parallel message writing registers are known and described in [7];

[0025] The key control unit 2 is designed to control the electronic key unit using the clock frequency signal from the universal time system (UTS) and synchronization by transmitting each n-th information bit of the message in parallel format to the corresponding n-th pair of keys – Key “1” and Key “0”, configured to operate upon receipt of the information unit “1” or the information zero “0”, respectively, at their information inputs. The key control unit is designed as a parallel register with a control input from the UTS and synchronization system. It is known and described in [7];

[0026] The operating frequency set generation unit 3 is designed to generate a set of compatible operating frequencies on a secondary basis [4] in a given wave range, taking into account the radio frequency spectrum load by operating primary users, ensuring the minimum required frequency spacing and electromagnetic compatibility, as well as the level of interference and noise for the OFC section of a given radio link. It includes:

[0027] hardware and software complex for monitoring the radio frequency spectrum 3.1, which is designed for round-the-clock, continuous radio monitoring of the radio frequency spectrum (RFS) state of a given wave range (consisting of collecting, processing, analyzing and storing information on the RFS state), identifying digital communication standards, recognizing the modulation types of emitted signals, as well as measuring their technical parameters (frequency, power, bandwidth, time and amplitude-frequency characteristics, noise and interference level, etc.). RFS monitoring hardware and software complexes are known and actively used by the ionospheric-wave (IVS) and frequency dispatch (FD) services of ministries and departments, as well as the Main Radio Frequency Center (MRFC) and its branches in all federal districts of the Russian Federation. A version of the working form of the RFS monitoring hardware and software complex is shown in Fig. 3a.An example of such a PAC with a system for graphically displaying signals in the form of a spectrogram is the panoramic digital radio receiver of the decameter wave range ST-093, operating under the control of an IBM PC.

[0028] noise immunity and EMC requirements module 3.2 (Fig. 2) is a software module designed to set up initial data, store and output for subsequent calculations of nominal values ​​of radio channel metrics and their permissible values ​​in the form of interference levels (error rates, loss rates) for various transmission media (wave ranges) under various external destabilizing factors (noise and interference). Such modules are known, for example module 3.2.1, used in the intelligent monitoring system of the state of the information and telecommunications network [8];

[0029] The interference level assessment module 3.3 is designed for selective (separate) assessment of the average interference power in a radio channel (radio line) in order to adapt detection threshold levels to interference and noise of varying intensity in detectors of panoramic radio receiving devices, as well as interference compensation devices. The interference level assessment module is known, for example, in the form of a measuring module for selective assessment of the signal-to-interference power ratio in a radio channel [9] or in the form of a software module - an intelligent agent-converter [1];

[0030] The interference level requirements verification module 3.4 is a software module in the form of a block for verifying the conditions of compliance of the interference level measured in module 3.3 with the interference immunity and EMC requirements 3.2 established in the module for a given radio channel (radio line) using the comparison method. The interference level requirements verification module 3.4 is widely known and can be implemented in software as a comparison circuit (comparator), for example from

[10] , or as shown in [8];

[0031] module for generating a matrix of free frequencies 3.5 is a software module designed to generate a digital matrix, the rows of which are indices of zero elements corresponding to a frequency unoccupied by interference, and the columns are specified time intervals, Fig. 3b). In this case, the inputs of this module (Fig. 2) are the outputs of the module for checking compliance with the interference level requirements 3.4 "Frequency occupied" and "Frequency free", from which the information units "1" and the information zeros "0" come, respectively, as a result of identifying an occupied or free frequency on the frequency grid of the selected range controlled by the PAC for monitoring the RFI 3.1;

[0032] module for calculating electromagnetic compatibility and minimum required frequency separation 3.6 is a software module designed to calculate the joint operation of a multi-frequency signal emitted by a radio device in conditions of electromagnetic interference. Such calculation can be carried out using various methods known from the theory of radio communication [11-13] and long implemented in practice. Modern requirements for the calculation of EMC, for example, are shown in the Methodology for calculating electromagnetic compatibility and conditions for the joint use of radio-electronic equipment for television broadcasting with radio-electronic equipment of the land mobile service in the frequency band of 470-862 MHz

[14] . At the output of this module, a frequency resource is actually formed, which is subsequently used to synthesize a multi-frequency signal. In this case, during the selection of operating frequencies, they usually strive to ensure that they are as close as possible to the optimal ones (to the OFC region), Fig. 3c), for a specific radio link.Examples of such calculations are given in [15, 16].

[0033] database of the set of compatible operating frequencies 3.7 (Fig. 2) is intended for the ordered storage of data on the set of compatible operating frequencies formed in the OFC area (or in its vicinity) for specific radio links (radio routes), as well as a list of reserve frequencies (day, night, summer, winter). Databases as software modules are well known and are widely used in digital technology

[17] ;

[0034] The universal time and synchronization system 4 is designed to coordinate the processing of information bits of the transmitted message in all registers and blocks of the device in a uniform time, as well as to control the PSP generator 5 for the timely delivery of operating frequencies to the operating frequency setting block 6. Universal time systems consist of a primary clock and a secondary clock, interconnected and allowing to establish a uniform and accurate time, for example, between the transmitting and receiving sides of a radio link. Synchronization systems can be implemented, for example, in the form of a clock frequency generator, etc., they are well known and are widely used in digital signal processing systems. In many distributed information and telecommunication systems, which entirely include radio communication systems, the UTS and the synchronization system are usually structurally combined into one module (block)

[17] ;

[0035] Pseudo-random sequence generator 5 is a software module that implements an algorithm that generates a sequence of numbers, the elements of which are almost independent of each other and obey a given distribution. It is designed to generate a pseudo-random sequence of numbers when providing a frequency hopping mode for a formed radio link, the operating frequencies of which vary according to a pseudo-random law. Pseudo-random sequence generators are well known and widely used in telecommunications, cryptography, radar, information security, etc.

[18] ;

[0036] The operating frequency setting block 6 is a software module designed to assign frequency assignments from the composition of the KSRF, selected by the operating frequency set generation block 3, to information bits (information unit “1” or information zero “0”) of the transmitted message based on distribution in accordance with the pseudo-random sequence generator 5 PSP, in such a way that two operating frequencies are assigned to each information bit of the transmitted message, in pairs: the first pair of operating frequencies And – after the first information bit, the second pair of operating frequencies And –for the second information bit, …,N-th pair of operating frequencies And – for the N-th information bit. The operating frequency setting unit can be implemented as a serial-parallel register, to the input of which the PRS of the operating frequencies (PSRCH, distributed in accordance with the selected PRS) is sequentially supplied, and the operating frequencies are read from 2N parallel outputs according to the clock frequency signal. Serial-parallel registers are well known and described in detail in [7]

[0037] The electronic key block 7 includes N pairs of electronic keys, each of which has one control input, one data input and one data output. In each n-th pair of electronic keys, n = 1, 2, …, N, the odd (first) Key “1” is configured to operate upon receipt of a bit in the form of the information unit “1” at its information input and the even (second) Key “0” is configured to operate upon receipt of a bit in the form of the information zero “0” at its information input. The electronic key block is designed to switch the operating frequencies arriving at its inputs upon an activation command for the corresponding key in the n-th pair of the information bit of the message, depending on the value of the information bit “1” or “0”. It structurally combines all 2N electronic keys used to process the information message (Nbits) on a single board (microcircuit). Electronic switches are well known from [7, 10] and are widely used in circuit design.

[0038] 8-frequency code adder containing 8 r adding blocks, where r = 0, 1, ..., log2N, each r-th of which consists of N / 2 r two-input adders 9.1, …, 9.N / 2 r , the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the memory registers with the corresponding numbers 10.1, …, 10.N / 2 r in pairs. In this case, the frequency code adder is made in cascade so that the zero summing block has 2N inputs, two for each of theN adders, andN outputs - according to the number of memory registers, and the log2N-th summing block has two inputs and one output. Moreover, each memory register is controlled by a clock frequency signal from the CEB and synchronization 4. Adders and memory registers are well known [7, 10] and are widely used in circuit design. The frequency code adder is designed to form in parallel format the output sum code of the operating frequencies used to transmit the information message;

[0039] Digital-to-analog converter 11 is designed to convert a digital (binary) code into an analog signal. DACs are well known [17, 18] and are essential elements of digital signal processing;

[0040] Bandpass filter 12 is designed to pass components of the electrical signal spectrum located in a certain frequency band. Bandpass filters are widely known [17, 18] and are essential elements of radio communication devices;

[0041] Power amplifier 13 is an amplifier stage designed to transmit a specified or maximum possible power to the antenna with the highest possible efficiency and minimal nonlinear distortion. Power amplifier designs are well known [11, 16, 18]. They are an essential element of any radio transmitting stage;

[0042] Antenna matching unit 14 is designed to match the parameters of the power amplifier with the parameters of the antenna. The designs of antenna matching units are well known [11, 16, 18]. They are an essential element of any radio transmitting cascade;

[0043] The antenna-feeder subsystem 15 consists of broadband transmitting 15.1 and receiving 15.2 antennas with feeders (their characteristics are interrelated). The transmitting antenna 15.1 is designed to convert the energy of waves arriving via the feeder from the transmitter (power amplifier) ​​to the antenna into the energy of free oscillations propagating into the surrounding space in the form of a group multi-frequency signal. The receiving antenna 15.2 is designed to convert the energy of electromagnetic waves into high-frequency currents and supply them via the feeder path (electric circuit and auxiliary devices in the form of an antenna matching unit and an analog-to-digital converter - not shown in Fig. 2) to the input of the PAC for monitoring the radio frequency spectrum). Receiving and transmitting antennas are known [11, 16, 18], they are calculated for the used frequency range (wavelength) and are mandatory elements of radio engineering devices;

[0044] The operation of the multi-frequency signal generating device is carried out using two stages.

[0045] The first stage (generation of a set of operating frequencies), Fig. 2, is implemented directly in the unit for generation of a set of operating frequencies 3. In this case, the following data are received from the wide-range receiving antenna 15.1 of the antenna-feeder subsystem 15, which is the "Radio monitoring data" input of the proposed device, to the input of the RF monitoring PAC 3.1 of the unit for generation of a set of operating frequencies 3 (depending on the PAC settings): from the IVS and CHDS of departments; from the PAC for oblique ionospheric sounding of departments; from international ionospheric sounding centers; from powerful broadcasting radio stations of the world; from any other energy-available emitters; from registered subscribers of decameter (DCM) radio networks. The RF monitoring PAC carries out continuous radio monitoring of the state of a given wave range for its occupancy by the work of primary users, for whom sections of frequency bands and individual frequencies are distributed and assigned on a license basis.The appearance of the interface of the RF monitoring software package is shown in Fig. 3a), where the upper fragment of the interface shows the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the monitored section of the wave range, and the lower fragment shows its "waterfall" spectrogram: the abscissa axis shows frequency, the ordinate axis shows time, and the applicate axis shows signal power (in the gamma - from blue to red). In this case, the RF monitoring software package acts as an intelligent agent-sensor [1] for the subsequent processing of the results of monitoring the RF environment. In the proposed device for generating a multi-frequency signal, monitoring the RF occupancy state is necessary for selecting free sections of the range in real time, from which the KSRF is subsequently calculated for the second stage of the device's operation.Moreover, based on the fact that the entire frequency range is currently licensed and allocated, but is not used effectively

[19] , it is proposed to implement such a selection on a secondary basis using a dynamic RF control mechanism

[20] , whereby messages are transmitted on the primary user's radio frequencies while their standard radio equipment is not transmitting. This mechanism was initiated by the introduction of the IEEE 802.22 standard by the International Telecommunication Union in 2011.

[0046] For a multi-frequency signal being generated for a specific radio line, any operating station in a given frequency band (section of the wave range) is considered as an interfering station, i.e. its signal is considered as interference concentrated across the spectrum, in connection with which the interference situation is assessed in the interference level assessment module 3.3 (Fig. 2), which acts as a kind of intelligent agent-converter [1], implementing the agent approach. In this case, for an objective assessment of the interference environment, the “Initial data of the radio link” in the form of geographic coordinates of the transmission and reception points, the type of AFP of the radio transmitter and radio receiver, the type of modulation and the mode of information transmission, the radiated power, the required signal / interference ratio at the reception point

[21] must be received at another input of the interference level assessment module 3.3 from the module of requirements for interference immunity and EMC 3.2. The geometric interpretation of the process of interference level assessment in module 3.3 is presented in Fig.4, which shows a fragment of the amplitude-frequency characteristic of a section of the wave range in the OFC band, Fig. 4a), a model of the OFC band with signal level thresholds U. пор1 b) and U пор2 , Fig. 4c), the dependence of the probability of correct reception of a message on the ratio of the magnitude of the frequency bands occupied by interference ΔF п and free from interference ΔF о Fig. 4d). The noise level assessment generated in real time in module 3.3 is compared in the noise level requirements verification module 3.4 (Fig. 2) with the permissible noise level obtained from the second output of the noise immunity and EMC requirements module 3.2. The result of the verification by comparing the measured noise level (h п ) during the observation period with a given threshold value – the permissible level of interference (h доп ) using the energy detector method [5] for each frequency rating of the established frequency grid of the monitored range, they are recorded in the form of an information unit “1” – if the frequency is occupied п >hдоп , or in the form of an information zero “0” – if the frequency is free п < h доп . These information bits ("1" or "0") from the corresponding outputs of the interference level requirements verification module 3.4 are written to the free frequency matrix generation module 3.5, filling the rows of the primary matrix with indices of one and zero elements according to the positions of the frequency grid step. From the primary matrix, a matrix is ​​synthesized in which the indices of zero elements are arranged according to frequency positions in a row, as shown in Fig. 3b), where the vertical row indices denote the time intervals (counts) of the comparison procedures (control cycles) of the RFS.

[0047] Then the list of free frequencies from module 3.5 (Fig. 2) is sent to the module for calculating EMC and minimum required frequency spacing 3.6, the second input of which receives EMC requirements in the form of frequency bandwidth, electromagnetic interference standards for specified signal levels, etc. from the module for requirements for noise immunity and EMC. In fact, in the software module for calculating electromagnetic compatibility and minimum required frequency spacing 3.6, the calculation of ensuring the joint operation of a multi-frequency signal emitted by a radio device under electromagnetic interference conditions is carried out. Such a calculation can be carried out using various methods known from the theory of radio communication [11-13] and long implemented in practice.Modern requirements for EMC calculations, for example, are shown in the Methodology for Calculating Electromagnetic Compatibility and Conditions for the Joint Use of Television Broadcasting Radio-Electronic Equipment with Land Mobile Service Radio-Electronic Equipment in the 470-862 MHz Frequency Band

[14] . Thus, at the output of module 3.6, a frequency resource is generated, which is then used in the synthesis of a multi-frequency signal, and a list of reserve frequencies is also generated, which can be quickly used for priority replacement in the event that the selected frequency is occupied by interference. The principle of frequency resource generation (frequency assignment) is based on the formation of daytime and nighttime operating frequencies from the existing list of permitted frequencies using long-term forecasts of the daily MUF variation on a given radio link (radio path).In this case, the time of transition from night to day and back is assigned for different time zones. In long-term frequency planning, long-term changes in the state of the RRW environment (ionosphere) are taken into account, i.e. seasonal transitions to summer and winter frequencies. When selecting operating frequencies, they usually strive to ensure that they are as close as possible to the OFC region, Fig. 3c). Examples of such calculations are given in [15, 16]. From the output of the electromagnetic compatibility and minimum required frequency separation calculation module 3.6 (Fig. 2), the calculated values ​​of the selected operating frequencies for specific radio links are sent to the KSRF database 3.7 via the "Record" input and accumulated in it.

[0048] The second stage (multi-frequency signal generation) is implemented as follows. From the "Message" information input of the multi-frequency signal generation device, the bit sequence 1, 2, ..., n, ..., N is fed to the input of the serial-parallel message writing register 1, where it is converted into a parallel code and read from the register cells in parallel mode from the information outputs "1st bit", "2nd bit", ..., "n-th bit", ..., "N-th bit" into the key control unit 2. According to the clock frequency signal from the control output of the same name SEB and synchronization 4 from the database of the key control unit 3.7 block for generating a set of working frequencies 3 receives working frequencies at the input "KSRF" of the generator PSP 5, in which, according to the next signal of the clock frequency SEV and synchronization 4, they are mixed in accordance with the PSP operating in the radio line and are received from the output of the "PSP of working frequencies" to the block for setting working frequencies 6, which also operates according to the principle of a series-parallel register, which also, according to the signal of the clock frequency SEV and synchronization 4, in parallel transmits the working frequencies assigned to the positions of the current PSP through the paired control outputs ". " And " »,« " And " », …, « " And " » to the like-named inputs of N pairs of electronic keys of the block, so that two operating frequencies are assigned in pairs to each information bit of the transmitted message ("1" or "0"): the first pair of operating frequencies - to the first information bit, the second pair of operating frequencies - to the second information bit, ..., the N-th pair of operating frequencies - to the N-th information bit. The operating frequency setting unit 6 can operate both in the BT and AT modes. For example, in the BT mode, the upper sideband (USB) or lower sideband (LSB) of the carrier frequency selected by the operating frequency set generation unit 3, Fig. 5, will be assigned to the information bit "1" or "0". Or in the AT mode, when transmitting the information unit "1", the operating frequency will be active, and when transmitting the information zero "0", it will be passive, Fig. 6.

[0049] According to the following clock signal CEB and synchronization 4, Fig. 2, from the key control unit 2 through the information bus to the information inputs "1st bit", "2nd bit", ..., "N-1st bit", "N-th bit" of the electronic key unit 7, the information bits of the transmitted message are received in the form of logical ones ("1") and logical zeros ("0"), respectively, opening either odd 7.1, 7.3, ..., 7.2N-3, 7.2N-1 (Key "1"), or even 7.2, 7.4, ..., 7.2N-2, 7.2N (Key "0") electronic keys of each of their N pairs, making it possible to connect the operating frequencies from the information outputs "1", "2", ..., "2N-1", "2N" of the electronic key unit 7 through the electronic keys opened by the received message bits in each pair (Key "1" or Key "0") to the corresponding inputs of the zero summing block 8.0 of the adder 8 frequency inputs.It should be noted that in each n-th pair of electronic keys, n = 1, 2, …, N, of the electronic key block 7, only one electronic key from the pair (Key “1”) – (Key “0”) will be open, to which the same-named bit of the information message “1” or “0” has been received from the key control block 2, and from the output of each n-th pair of electronic keys, the odd Key “1” is connected to the first input (input 1), and the even Key “0” is connected to the second input (input 2) of the 9.n-th adder of the zero adding block 8.0. Thus, only one operating frequency will pass to the output of the n-th adder (9.n) of the zero summing block 8.0 in accordance with which information bit (“1” or “0”) of the transmitted message activated the opening of its electronic key in the pair, and N operating frequencies will be received from each of the N memory registers (10.1, 10.2, …, 10.N) to the N outputs of the zero summing block 8.0.In this case, since the frequency code adder 8 is implemented according to a cascade scheme, then each subsequent cascade in the form of the r-th summing block 8.r, where r = 0, 1, 2, ..., log2N will contain half as many adders as the previous r–1-th cascade, but each of which will sum twice as many frequencies stored in the memory registers of the r-th summing block, since the outputs of the memory registers of the previous r–1-th summing block are connected in pairs to the first and second inputs (input 1 and input 2) of each adder of the r-th summing block, so that at the output of the only memory register of the final cascade of the log2N-th summing block 8.log2N the entire multi-frequency signal will be recorded, containing the information message intended for transmission and consisting of the operating frequencies of the frequency response system, encoded in accordance with the PRS of the PRS generator 5.

[0050] The digitally generated multi-frequency code of the signal intended for transmission from the output of the memory register of the log2N-th summing block 8.log2N, which is the output information bus of the frequency code adder 8, is fed to the DAC 11 by the clock frequency signal from the SEB and synchronization 4, where it is converted into an analog signal and through the bandpass filter 12, the power amplifier 13 and the antenna matching unit 14 through the transmitting antenna 15.1 AFP 15 is emitted from the “Multi-frequency signal” output of the device.

[0051] An example of the formation of a multi-frequency signal in the decameter wave range with a frequency change according to the pseudo-random law - frequency hopping during parallel transmission of all bits of the information message simultaneously is shown in the fragment of the spectrogram of Fig. 7a) for the BT transmission mode. For comparison, Fig. 7b) shows an example of the emission of a multi-frequency signal in the frequency hopping mode with sequential bit transmission. Fig. 7c) shows an example of the use of multi-frequency signals in steganography, where the upper fragment of the screen form is the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the signal, and the lower fragment is the spectrogram scan, of the "waterfall" type.

[0052] Conclusion. Thus, the claimed invention - a device for generating multi-frequency signals allows for the synthesis of a multi-frequency signal taking into account the level of interference and the load of the selected frequency range in real time, as well as the electromagnetic compatibility of the used set of operating frequencies with their minimum required spacing in the band of the smallest applicable and maximum applicable frequencies, creating a region of optimal operating frequencies, which affects the quality and probability of communication in a radio link due to the operational automatic control of radio links and the maneuvering of frequency resources in a complex interference environment.

[0053] The proposed invention was developed by specialists from the Department of Inland Waterway Navigation at the Admiral S.O. Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Waterway Fleet as part of a research project. Experimental studies and calculations demonstrated the feasibility of using the claimed device to improve the noise immunity of multi-frequency signals in conditions of constant or variable spectral composition of the radio-frequency environment.

[0054] The above allows us to conclude that the invention meets the criterion of “industrial applicability”.

[0055] Sources of information

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Claims

A device for generating multi-frequency signals, containing a frequency code adder, implemented according to a cascade scheme and consisting of adding blocks, each r-th of which, r = 0, 1, ..., log2N, includes N / 2 r two-input adders, each of which is connected by a data bus to the memory register corresponding to its number, so that the zero summing block has N adders and memory registers connected in pairs to each other, and the log2N-th summing block has one adder connected to a memory register, which is connected by a data bus to a digital-to-analog converter and then to a bandpass filter, while the outputs of each odd (N / 2 r –1)th and evenN / 2 r-th memory register of the r-th summing block are connected in pairs through their information buses, respectively, with the first "Input 1" and the second "Input 2" inputs of the adders of the (r+1)-th summing block, and the control inputs of all memory registers are connected to the control output "Clock frequency signals" of the unified time and synchronization system, characterized in that, in addition to the bandpass filter, a power amplifier, an antenna matching unit and a transmitting antenna of the antenna-feeder subsystem are connected in series, which is the "Multi-frequency signal" output of the device, wherein the message planned for transmission, consisting of N bits of information, is fed to the "Message" information input of the device, which is the input of the serial-parallel message recording register, the parallel N outputs of which are connected through the information outputs "1st bit", "2nd bit", ..., "n-th bit", ..., "N-th bit" to the key control unit,connected via an information bus for each bit with N pairs of keys of the electronic key block, each n-th pair of which, where n = 1, 2, …, N, consists of the key of the information unit – key “1” and the key of the information zero – key “0”, each in turn connected via its own input buses with the corresponding control outputs of the operating frequency setting block of the same name, », « », …, « », and the pairs of information outputs «1» and «2», «3» and «4», …, «2N-1» and «2N» of the electronic key unit from each odd and even key of each n-th pair of keys are connected in pairs to the first «Input 1» and the second «Input 2» inputs of the corresponding n-th adder of the zero adding unit, in addition, the unified time and synchronization system through its control output «Clock frequency signals» is connected to the key control unit, the operating frequency setting unit and the pseudo-random sequence generator, which is connected by its output «Pseudo-random sequence of operating frequencies» to the operating frequency setting unit, and by its input «Set of compatible operating frequencies» to the output of the operating frequency set generation unit, which is the output of the database of the set of compatible operating frequencies, which is also connected to the output «Clock frequency signals» of the unified time and synchronization system and is connected to the module for calculating the electromagnetic compatibility and the required frequency spacing,to the first input of which is connected a module for generating a matrix of free frequencies, coupled by its inputs "Frequency busy" and "Frequency free" with a module for checking compliance with the requirements for the interference level, and to the other - a module for requirements for interference immunity and electromagnetic compatibility via the output "Requirements for electromagnetic compatibility", the outputs of which "Acceptable interference level" and "Initial data of the radio link" respectively are fed to the second input of the module for checking compliance with the requirements for the interference level and to its first input through the interference level assessment module, the input bus of which is tied to the software and hardware complex for monitoring the radio frequency spectrum, the input of which is connected to the receiving antenna of the antenna-feeder subsystem, which is the input "Radio monitoring data" of the device.,

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