Environmentally friendly mineral lick briquette for cows during spring-summer feeding period

Abstract

FIELD: animal husbandry.SUBSTANCE: balancing biologically active substances, additives used to prevent metabolic disorders, macro- and microelement deficiencies, increase milk productivity, milk fat content, reproductive function, antioxidant and immune protection of the body in cows. The proposed environmentally friendly mineral lick briquette, consisting of sodium chloride, disodium phosphate, magnesium oxide, natural zeolite, eco trace Fe (chelate) 20, eco trace Mn (chelate) 24, b-traxim Zn 260, plexomine Cu 24, cobalt sulfate, diacetophenonyl selenide “ДАФС-25”, zeoiod for the spring-summer feeding period, contributes to a reliable increase in the cows blood chemistry value: total protein, albumin, γ-globulins by 8.80, 5.73, 9.12%, respectively, macroelements: Na, Mg, P, with the exception of sodium - by 1.0, 11.79, 48.65%, a decrease in K and Ca – by 7.04 and 9.66%, an increase in microelements: Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, I(SBI), Se – by 47.39, 55.87, 36.0, 22.01, 29.73, 67.52, 46.15%, increase in milk productivity by 6.10%, milk fat content - by 0.20 abs% compared to the analogue.EFFECT: reliable increase in the cows blood chemistry value, microelements and milk productivity.1 cl, 4 tbl

Description

[0001] The proposed invention relates to the field of animal husbandry, in particular to balancing biologically active substances, additives used to prevent metabolic disorders, macro- and microelement deficiencies, increase milk productivity, milk fat content, reproductive function, antioxidant and immune protection of the body in cows.

[0002] A mineral preparation is known for the prevention of metabolic diseases in cattle, containing per 1 ton of mineral premix biologically active substances, kg: cobalt chloride - 0.3, stacad - 0.3, copper sulfate - 1.0, manganese sulfate - 3.4, zinc sulfate - 13.7, monocalcium phosphate, disodium phosphate - 400.0, table salt - 58.0 [4].

[0003] The disadvantages of the well-known drug are the short-term stimulating effect on milk production, reproductive functions of cows and the prevention of metabolic diseases.

[0004] Felutsen is a well-known mineral lick for cattle [3], which contains the following microelements: zinc - 700 mg; manganese - 330 mg / kg; copper - 175 mg / kg; iron - 30 mg / kg; cobalt - 24.5 mg / kg; iodine - 22.5 mg / kg; selenium - 4.4 mg / kg; macroelements: sulfur-3.6%; magnesium - 0.245%; food sodium chloride - 90%. Specially designed to increase milk yield and daily weight gain of cattle even with poor feed, stimulates saliva production, normalizes digestion, replenishes the deficiency of table salt and vital minerals, maintains the health of bones and hooves, improves reproductive functions, promotes the birth of strong, viable offspring.

[0005] A disadvantage of the milk lick briquette is that it does not contain calcium, phosphorus, or natural zeolite. This means it is not very effective in preventing metabolic disorders, macro- and microelement deficiencies, increasing milk production, antioxidant protection, immune defense, and reproductive function in cows, or providing iodine, selenium, and magnesium. A significant drawback is that it contains unstable iodine compounds, toxic and ineffective inorganic selenium compounds with low availability in the form of sodium selenite, as well as inorganic compounds of iron, manganese, zinc, and copper, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of the milk lick briquette.

[0006] The mineral premix P60-2 is also known for the summer pasture feeding of cows [6-8], which contains the following components in 100 g of premix: Mn 100 mg, In 200 mg, Cu 45 mg, I 20 mg, Co 10 mg, Se 2 mg and wheat bran up to 100 g. It is introduced into the composition of KK60-1 in the amount of 1%. Its effectiveness in increasing milk productivity, milk fat content, antioxidant status, reproductive function, immunity in cows and the prevention of metabolic disorders is low. A significant drawback is that it contains unstable iodine compounds, toxic and ineffective inorganic selenium compounds with low availability in the form of sodium selenite, as well as inorganic compounds of manganese, zinc and copper. It also does not contain iron and magnesium, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of the premix.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to effectively increase milk productivity, milk fat content, reproductive function, biochemical parameters, antioxidant status, immunity, normalize metabolic processes in the body of cows and obtain healthy offspring from them by introducing into the composition of an environmentally friendly mineral lick briquette four new low-toxic organic compounds of mineral substances with high bioavailability: plexomin Cu24, b-traxim Zn 260, eco trace Mn (chelate) 24, eco trace Fe (chelate) 20 and two new preparations of the iodine-containing compound zeoiode, stabilized by zeolites and a highly effective organoselenium compound diacetophenonyl selenide DAFS-25 [1,2], as well as natural zeolite, calcium and phosphorus salts.

[0008] The set goal is achieved by the fact that the environmentally friendly mineral lick briquette includes biologically active substances in the composition, wt. %: sodium chloride 67.96, disodium phosphate 25.0, magnesium oxide 2.68, natural zeolite 3.00, eco trace Fe (chelate) 20 0.4740, eco trace Mn (chelate) 24 0.3427, b-traxim Zn 260 0.4562, plexomin Cu 24 0.0640, cobalt sulfate CoSO4×7H2O 0.0117, diacetophenonyl selenide DAFS-25 0.0043, zeoiod 0.0071.

[0009] Unlike the known one, in the proposed technical solution, during the technological cycle, zeoiod, diacetophenonyl selenide DAFS-25, natural zeolite and disodium phosphate, eco trace Re (chelate) 20, eco trace Mn (chelate) 24, b-traxim Zn 260, plexomin Cu 24 are introduced into the composition of the environmentally friendly mineral briquette-lick. Thus, the claimed environmentally friendly mineral briquette-lick meets the criterion of "novelty".

[0010] The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the proposed technical solution, during the technological cycle of preparing an environmentally friendly mineral briquette - lick, which includes a stable iodine compound (zeoiodine), a highly effective organoselenium compound diacetophenonyl selenide DAFS-25, disodium phosphate, natural zeolite and low-toxic organic compounds of mineral substances with high bioavailability: plexomine Cu 24, b-traxim Zn 260, eco trace Mn (chelate) 24, eco trace Fe (chelate) 20, the daily requirements of which are reduced by half.At the same time, the environmentally friendly mineral lick briquette acquires new qualities that ensure highly effective use of mineral and other components of the lick briquette by the animal body, which contributes to an increase in milk production, milk fat content, reproductive function, biochemical indicators, antioxidant and immune status, the prevention of metabolic disorders, macro- and microelement deficiencies and the production of healthy offspring, which is a "positive effect".

[0011] The technology for preparing environmentally friendly mineral lick briquette is as follows: weigh out the appropriate quantities of salts according to the recipe. First, potassium iodide is thoroughly mixed with zeolites in a 1:3 ratio, then cobalt is added, the mixture is mixed in a mixer, diacetophenonyl selenide DAFS 25, plexomine Cu 24, B-traxim Zn 260, eco trace Mn (chelate) 24, eco trace Fe (chelate) 20 are added, and the zeolite is mixed. Next, magnesium oxide and disodium phosphate are added, and the mixture is mixed. Next, everything is mixed with salt, and after this, the mixture is fed to a molding machine, where, under high pressure, lick briquette of various shapes and weights is produced. They are packaged in paper boxes. The lick briquette is stored in a dry, cool, dark place. It's best to prepare 4-5 kg ​​batches. The prepared licks are sent to farms to be included in the cows' diet.

[0012] Example 1. Prepare a mineral lick briquette "Felutsen" according to the recipe, microelements: zinc - 700 mg / kg; manganese - 330 mg / kg; copper - 175 mg / kg; iron - 30 mg / kg; cobalt - 24.5 mg / kg; iodine - 22.5 mg / kg; selenium - 4.4 mg / kg; macroelements: sulfur - 3.6%; magnesium - 0.245%; food grade sodium chloride - 90%.

[0013] Example 2. An environmentally friendly mineral lick briquette is prepared according to the following formula: wt.%: sodium chloride 67.96, disodium phosphate 25.0, magnesium oxide 2.68, natural zeolite 3.00, eco trace Fe (chelate) 20% 0.4740, eco trace Mn (chelate) 24% 0.3427, b-traxim Zn 260 0.4562, plexomine Cu 24 0.0640, cobalt sulfate CoSO4x7H2O 0.0117, diacetophenonyl selenide DAFS -250.0043, zeoiod 0.0071 for the spring-summer period of feeding cows. An environmentally friendly mineral lick briquette is used for feeding cows. The effectiveness of the environmentally friendly mineral lick briquette was determined through comparative analysis.

[0014] Example 3. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed environmentally friendly mineral lick briquette, a trial was conducted from April 1 to September 29, 2023, at the Anchikhsky dairy farm in the Akhvakh district, located in the Babayurt transhumance zone. The trial involved Red Steppe cows during the spring and summer. Three groups of 10 cows were formed, each consisting of similar pairs. The trial lasted 180 days.

[0015] According to the experimental design (Table 1), the first group (control) received a basal diet consisting of pasture grass (free-grazing) and a crushed mixture of barley and wheat. The second (experimental) group received OR and a mineral lick briquette "Felutsen" according to recipe 1, 1 piece weighing 10 kg per head. The third (experimental) group received OR and, in addition, an environmentally friendly mineral lick briquette according to recipe 2, 1 piece weighing 5 kg per head. Lick briquettes were given individually in stalls with constant access to drinking water. Their effect on the biochemical parameters of cows' blood was studied, and milk productivity was monitored through monthly control milking.

[0016]

[0017]

[0018] The use of mineral lick briquettes according to recipes 1 and 2 in cows' diets for 180 days in a comparative aspect had a significant effect on the biochemical parameters of blood and milk productivity in animals.

[0019] Proteins in animal bodies perform a variety of vital functions, including homeostatic, protective, transport, plastic, and enzymatic. A number of proteins perform hormonal functions (insulin, corticotropin, etc.) [5].

[0020] The data in Table 2 show that by the end of the experiment, the total protein and albumin content in the blood serum of cows in experimental groups II and III significantly increased by 10.11%, 8.27%, 19.80%, and 14.48%, respectively, compared to control group I. The difference between experimental groups II and III was significant.

[0021]

[0022] It should be noted that the amount of γ-globulin fractions in the blood serum of cows in the first control group was below the physiological norm, while in the second and third experimental groups it was significantly higher by 8.23 ​​and 18.11, respectively, compared to the first control group. The difference between the second and third experimental groups of cows was significant (P < 0.01).

[0023] From Table 3 it is seen that the concentration of macroelements K, Ca in the blood serum of cows in the II and III experimental groups by the end of the experiment decreased by 10.43% (P<0.05), 7.64% (P<0.05), 16.74% (P<0.01), 16.56 (P<0.01), respectively; Na, Mg, P increased by 14.85% (P<0.01), 29.47% (P<0.01), 12.12% (P<0.05), 15.78% (P<0.01), 44.73% (P<0.001), 61.76% (P<0.001); microelements: Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, I (SBI), Se, increased by 28.14% (P<0.01), 25.94% (P<0.01), 22.07% (P<0.01), 29.87% (P<0.001), 18.59% (P<0.01), 24.36% (P<0.01), 22.64% (P<0.01); 47.39% (P<0.001), 55.88% (P<0.05), 66.03% (P<0.001), 58.45% (P<0.001), 53.85% P<(0.001), 108.33% P<0.001), 79.24% (P<0.001) compared with the first control group.

[0024]

[0025]

[0026] The experiment showed that the inclusion of the tested mineral lick briquettes according to recipes 1 and 2 in the cows' diets contributed to an increase in milk yield and fat content. Thus, the average daily milk yield of cows in the second and third experimental groups was higher by 6.45% and 12.90%, respectively, compared to the first control group, and when calculated on average per head per day - by 0.8 or 1.6 liters, the difference between groups I and II, III was reliable (P < 0.05), the fat content of milk was also higher, respectively - by 0.10%>, 0.30%, the difference was statistically reliable (P < 0.05). (Table 4).

[0027]

[0028] Sources of information

[0029] 1. Copyright certificate No. 1697696. Published in 1992.

[0030] 2. Antonov V.A., Radionov T.N., Gerashchenko T.S. Use of organoselenium preparations DAFS 25 in animal husbandry. The First Congress of Veterinary Pharmacologists of Russia. Proceedings of the Congress. - Voronezh, 2007. - P. 159-161.

[0031] 3. State Registration: No. ПВР-2-9.15 / 03200 dated November 9, 2015.

[0032] 4. A comprehensive system of measures for the diagnosis, prevention, and normalization of metabolic disorders in cattle in industrial complexes. Methodological guidelines, VNIINBZh. - 1989. - 130 p.

[0033] 5. Methods of laboratory clinical laboratory diagnostics: Handbook / edited by prof. I.P. Kondrakhin. - M .: KolosS, 2004. - 520 p.

[0034] 6. Khokhrin S.N. Feeding of farm animals. Moscow: KoloS, 2004. - 692 p.

[0035] 7. Khokhrin, S.N. Animal feeding. Practical training: a teaching aid for universities / S.N. Khokhrin, Yu.P. Savenko - St. Petersburg: Lan. - 2024. - 316s.

[0036] 8. Animal feed and feeding: Textbook / S.N. Khokhrin. - St. Petersburg: Prospect Nauki, 2024. - 496 p.

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