Furnace

Abstract

FIELD: heat engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for burning fuel and / or heating. The furnace comprises a body with a door and an opening for smoke release. The grate and the firebox above it are located in the housing, allowing to place the materials being burned on the grate through an opening door. Above the firebox, a first partition is installed, extending in a horizontal direction and separating the firebox from a circulation channel located between the partition and the arch of the body, and the circulation channel is connected to the firebox from both ends of the first partition. The firebox is separated from the smoke channel on the side by a second partition, extended in the vertical direction, and the smoke channel is connected to the firebox at the lower end of the second partition, and in the area of the upper end of the second partition, the smoke channel is connected to an opening for releasing smoke.EFFECT: improved furnace efficiency, increased duration of combustion of the furnace, greater heat transfer and deeper afterburning of the fuel.12 cl, 2 dwg

Description

[0001] Field of technology to which the invention relates

[0002] The present invention relates to the field of heat engineering, in particular to devices for burning fuel and / or heating.

[0003] Technology Level

[0004] Patent RU2670525 discloses a portable pyrolysis stove consisting of a folding body with closable openings that provide conditions for pyrolysis combustion of fuel in the stove.

[0005] The disadvantage of the furnace is the low efficiency of pyrolysis, the lack of afterburning of pyrolysis gases, as well as rapid combustion of fuel.

[0006] Disclosure of invention

[0007] The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency and duration of fuel combustion, as well as to increase heat transfer.

[0008] The object of the invention is solved by a furnace comprising a housing with a door and a smoke outlet. A grate and a firebox above it are located within the housing, allowing for the placement of combustible materials on the grate through an opening door. Above the firebox, a first partition extending horizontally is installed and separates the firebox from a circulation channel located between the partition and the roof of the housing, wherein the circulation channel is connected to the firebox at both ends of the first partition. The firebox is laterally separated from the smoke channel by a second partition extending vertically, wherein the smoke channel is connected to the firebox at the lower end of the second partition, and at the upper end of the second partition, the smoke channel is connected to the smoke outlet.To ensure ignition in the furnace, smoke is preferably discharged from the firebox above the lower end of the second partition using an additional opening and / or passage in the wall and / or partition, with the ability to close said additional opening and / or passage with a damper. Specifically, the additional opening and / or passage may be provided in the top and / or side (including front) wall and / or in the second partition and / or in the first connecting partition.

[0009] In one embodiment, an ash pan is installed under the grate. The ash pan can be installed with a gas passage underneath the grate and above and / or underneath the ash pan.

[0010] The circulation channel may be connected to a smoke discharge opening in the region of the upper end of the second partition, and it is possible to install a damper to close the connection of the circulation channel with the smoke discharge opening. In one embodiment, the smoke discharge opening is formed in the roof of the housing above the smoke channel. The smoke discharge opening may be configured to connect to a chimney and / or a heat dissipator. The circulation channel may be configured to connect to the smoke discharge opening in the region of the upper end of the second partition through the smoke channel, and the possibility of closing the connection of the circulation channel with the smoke discharge opening via the smoke channel can be ensured by the possibility of installing a damper to close the connection of the circulation channel with the smoke channel.

[0011] In one embodiment, a third partition is installed between the firebox and the first partition, extending in the horizontal direction, connected to the first partition by two connecting partitions, extending in the vertical direction, wherein the connecting partitions are installed at a distance from the wall of the housing and the second partition and, together with them, form connecting channels in such a way that the circulation channel is connected to the firebox from both ends of the first partition by means of connecting channels. In one embodiment, an opening for the release of smoke is formed in the arch of the housing above the smoke channel, and the possibility of removing smoke from the firebox through the smoke channel is also provided by means of an opening and / or passage in the area of ​​the second partition opposite the first connecting partition, wherein the possibility of installing a damper with a closure of said opening or passage in the area of ​​the second partition opposite the first connecting partition is provided.The space between the first, third, and connecting partitions can be connected to the surrounding space via an opening in one or both walls of the housing. The firebox can be separated from the guide channel by a guide baffle extending vertically from the third baffle to the grate. The guide channel is connected on one side to a connecting channel running along the wall of the housing, and on the other side to the space above and / or below the grate.

[0012] In one embodiment, the firebox is separated from the guide channel by a guide partition extending from the first partition in a vertical direction to the grate, wherein the guide channel is connected on one side to the circulation channel, and on the other side is connected to the space above and / or below the grate.

[0013] In one of the variants, the damper is made to be rotary and / or lowerable and / or insertable.

[0014] The technical result of the invention is to increase the furnace's efficiency, resulting in longer combustion times, greater heat transfer, and deeper fuel afterburning. This is achieved by creating conditions for fuel pyrolysis and multiple combustion of pyrolysis (combustible) gases through the circulation of gases within the furnace.

[0015] Brief description of drawings

[0016] Fig. 1 shows a furnace according to the present invention.

[0017] Fig. 2 shows the internal structure of the furnace according to the present invention.

[0018] The following elements are marked with positions on the figures:

[0019] 1 - body,

[0020] 2 - front wall

[0021] 3 - door,

[0022] 4 - ash pan cover,

[0023] 5 - throttle handle,

[0024] 6 - chimney,

[0025] 7 - carrying handles,

[0026] 8 - grate,

[0027] 9 - the second partition,

[0028] 10 - damper,

[0029] 11 - firebox,

[0030] 12 - Ash drawer (ash shelf)

[0031] 13 - bottom

[0032] 14 - first partition

[0033] 15 - third partition

[0034] 16 - second connecting partition

[0035] 17 - first connecting partition

[0036] 18 - guide partition

[0037] 19 - side wall

[0038] 20 - side wall

[0039] 21 - furnace vault

[0040] 22 - back wall

[0041] Implementation of the invention

[0042] The invention is now described in detail with reference to the drawings. The furnace according to the present invention is described in a vertical operating position. However, the present invention also applies to cases where the furnace is located in other positions, for example during storage, transportation, and the like. Furthermore, the description of the present furnace also applies to cases where it is in an operating position other than vertical—for example, it can be tilted and still function. The permissible tilt angle of the furnace during operation from the preferred vertical operating position with support only on the bottom 13 is determined by the physical characteristics of the heated gases circulating in the furnace, their unimpeded exit through the chimney 6, and the pouring (discharge) of solid fuel from the grate 8.

[0043] The present invention relates to a furnace, which is a device for burning flammable substances. The furnace, in one of the possible embodiments shown in Fig. 1, includes a housing 1, containing a door 3 and an opening for the release of smoke, to which, in Fig. 1, a chimney 6 is connected (in general, the furnace may also be without a chimney, which can be connected to it as a separate product, subject to fire safety requirements, including the tightness of the joint).

[0044] Body 1 consists of walls 2, 13, 19, 20, 21, 22, made using metal (steel and its alloys, cast iron and other metals and their alloys) and / or stone, brick, clay, ceramic and other materials known from the prior art used in the manufacture of furnaces. The walls of the body are connected to each other so as to separate the interior of the furnace (firebox 11 and other elements) from the outer space. The connection of the walls is carried out in accordance with methods known in the prior art, depending on the material used to make the walls. For example, bending of the sheet metal, welding or rivets, if the walls are metal, laying bricks end-to-end or overlapping using a binder, etc.

[0045] The upper and lower walls may be called the roof (ceiling) 21 and the bottom (base) 13, respectively, and they preferably have a horizontal extension, that is, the area of ​​their horizontal projection is larger than the vertical one. The side walls 19 and 20 may be called lateral walls, and the remaining walls may be called the front (facing the user) wall 2, the rear (opposite the front) wall 22 (see Fig. 2), etc., depending on the location of the oven, and they preferably have a vertical extension, that is, the area of ​​their vertical projection is larger than the horizontal one.

[0046] One of the walls, preferably the front wall 2, has an opening for loading fuel into the interior of the furnace (i.e., the firebox 11), closed by a door 3. The door 3 is an element of the furnace designed to cover the loading opening, with the possibility of opening and closing, preferably made using metal (steel, cast iron, etc.) or composite or other materials known from the prior art. When it is necessary to load fuel into the furnace, the door 3 is opened and the fuel is loaded and ignited through the opening in the wall, then the door 3 can be closed completely or partially, depending on the conditions for the supply of air for fuel combustion, which must be ensured taking into account the possibility of sliding out the ash pan (in Fig. 1, the ash pan cover 4 is shown), which can be left open completely or partially, for example, during the period of ignition of the fuel.In the complete fuel afterburning mode, which is the preferred operating mode of the present invention, door 3 and ash pan cover 4 should preferably be fully or partially closed to ensure the calculated gas flow and to allow for the possible ingress of air (oxygen) through the gaps between them and the wall. Opening and closing of the door is accomplished by any method known in the art, such as hinged, sliding, damper, etc.

[0047] Combustible materials or fuels are combustible materials, which in the context of the present invention are preferably solid. For example, these may be firewood, coal, peat, pellets, boards, etc. When burned in an air environment, they form smoke and other gases, which are removed from the furnace through a chimney 6 or a smoke outlet opening in the case of using a chimney as a separate article. Smoke is a product of fuel combustion, but fuel combustion products may include not only smoke, but also other substances, such as carbon monoxide, volatile substances, particulate matter, and other gases and materials. In this application, when referring to smoke, gases, combustion products, and other gases or substances, all of these gases and substances are understood to mean all of them jointly or individually and interchangeably, unless otherwise stated or, according to the meaning of the technical solution, some of them are meant.

[0048] The smoke outlet is typically formed in the ceiling of the stove 21, but it can also be formed in the side wall of the housing 20 or the rear wall 22 or the front wall 2, if this ensures the necessary conditions for the operation of the stove. The smoke outlet is preferably connected to a chimney 6, as shown in Fig. 1, and / or a heat dissipator. The chimney 6 preferably ensures the removal of smoke outside the room in which the stove is located. If necessary, the stove can be connected to a heat dissipator, which ensures the collection and transfer of heat from the smoke and distribution over a larger volume / area than the chimney can provide.

[0049] The space inside the furnace in which the fuel is burned is shown in Fig. 2 and is called the firebox 11. To increase the efficiency of fuel combustion, a grate 8 is installed in the firebox (under it or in its lower part), which is a grate of grates (rods), through which the ash formed as a result of fuel combustion falls down, under the grate into the ash box (ash shelf) 12. The grate 8 and the firebox 11 above them are located in the housing 1 so that the materials to be burned can be placed on the grate 8 through the opening door 3.

[0050] The grate is required to ensure an efficient supply of air and circulating flue gases in a natural, bottom-up motion. This movement maximizes the chemical and physical interaction of combustible substances in the fuel with the passing gas streams. Another important feature of the grate is the natural flow of fine ash from the solid fuel through it into the ash pan (ash shelf) 12. This allows for timely and convenient ash removal, thereby cleaning the furnace of ash by removing and emptying the ash pan and ridding the combustion area of ​​non-combustible ballast that impedes efficient combustion and afterburning of the fuel.

[0051] Above the firebox 11, as shown in Fig. 2, a first partition 14 is installed, extending in the horizontal direction and separating, together with the partition 15, the firebox 11 from the circulation channel located between the first partition 14 and the arch 21 of the body 1.

[0052] The first partition 14 is an internal wall connected on one or both sides to the walls of the housing, in particular the front and rear walls 2 and 22. The first partition 14 is horizontally extended, meaning its projection in the horizontal plane is greater than in the vertical plane. That is, the first partition 14 is located substantially in the horizontal plane or at a slight angle to it such that it is more horizontally extended than in the vertical direction and ensures the passage of smoke and / or gases in a substantially horizontal direction under the arch 21 of the housing 1, to which it is preferably parallel.

[0053] Vault 21 of housing 1, together with first partition 14, forms a circulation channel located between them. Thus, first partition 14 separates the circulation channel from firebox 11. The circulation channel is designed to pass (circulate) gases and / or smoke from the firebox back into the firebox and / or further into the smoke channel and chimney 6. This ensures more efficient heat distribution and creates conditions for more efficient fuel combustion.

[0054] To allow smoke and / or gases to enter and exit the circulation channel, the circulation channel is connected to the firebox 11 at both ends of the first partition 14. The connection of the circulation channel to the firebox at both ends of the first partition is achieved in that the first partition 14 is connected only to one or two walls of the housing (front, rear walls 2 and 22), and is not connected to the other walls of the housing (side walls 19 and 20) and to the second partition 9. That is, from the ends of the first partition 14 to the side wall 19 and the second partition 9, there is a distance through which smoke and / or gases can pass. Thus, the connection of the firebox to the circulation channel is ensured.

[0055] At the side (on the right in Fig. 2), the firebox 11 is separated from the smoke channel by a second partition 9, extended in the vertical direction, wherein the smoke channel is connected to the firebox 11 at the lower end of the second partition 9, and in the region of the upper end of the second partition 9, the smoke channel is connected to an opening for discharging smoke. The second partition, due to its predominantly vertical arrangement, can also be called a vertical partition. In one embodiment, a damper 10 can be installed in the upper part of the second partition 9, for example, as shown in Fig. 2 - in particular, it can be preferably located in the vertical projection of the channel formed by the first partition 14 and the arch 21 of the furnace body 1.

[0056] The second partition 9 is an internal wall connected on one or both sides to the walls of the housing 1, in particular the front and rear walls 2 and 22. The second partition 9 is vertically extended, meaning its projection in the vertical plane is greater than in the horizontal plane. That is, the second partition 9 is located substantially in the vertical plane or at a slight angle to it so that it is more vertically extended than in the horizontal direction and ensures the passage of smoke and / or gases in a substantially vertical direction along the side wall 20 of the housing, to which it is preferably parallel.

[0057] Side wall 20, together with second partition 9, forms a smoke channel located between them. Thus, second partition 9 separates the smoke channel from firebox 11. The smoke channel is designed to discharge smoke from firebox 11 outside the stove, through a smoke exhaust opening, and then into chimney 6, which can be used as a separate unit. The draft caused by smoke escaping through the smoke exhaust opening allows air and oxygen to enter firebox 11, thereby maintaining combustion in the stove.

[0058] To allow smoke to enter the smoke duct, the smoke duct is connected to the firebox 11 at the lower end of the second partition 9, that is, at the bottom 13 of the housing 1. The connection of the smoke duct to the firebox 11 from the lower end of the second partition 9 is achieved by connecting the second partition 9 from below only to one or two walls of the housing (the front and rear walls 2 and 22), and is not connected to the bottom 13 of the housing 1. That is, from the lower end of the second partition 9 to the bottom 13, there is a distance through which smoke can pass. Thus, the connection of the firebox 11 to the smoke duct is ensured.

[0059] In the preferred embodiment shown in the figures, the smoke outlet opening, to which a chimney can be connected, is formed in the arch 21 of the housing 1 above the smoke channel. In other embodiments, the smoke outlet opening may be formed in the side walls (including wall 20, rear wall 22, and front (front) wall 2) of the housing 1, but it must be located within the location of the smoke channel, preferably in its upper part. This allows smoke to exit the smoke channel through the smoke outlet opening.

[0060] The walls of the housing forming the smoke channel may have openings or windows through which air / oxygen can enter the smoke channel, ensuring the afterburning of pyrolysis gases. This further improves the efficiency of the stove—specifically, the complete extraction of heat from the fuel, the heating of the surrounding space, and the distribution of heat from the stove between the firebox and the smoke channel. The afterburning openings / windows are preferably closable, for example, using doors or dampers of any type described in the application and the prior art. This allows for the stove's operating mode to be adjusted and adapted to the type of fuel, the environment, and the operating phase of the stove.For example, when the furnace is ignited and for some time after the end of this phase, such openings / windows can be closed, and then, when the furnace enters the fuel pyrolysis phase, they can be opened, all together or one by one, completely or partially, depending on the number of openings / windows (in the limit, there can be only one such opening) and the amount of pyrolysis gases.

[0061] For effective ignition of the furnace, it is desirable that the smoke and combustion products of the fuel can exit from the firebox 11 not only through the smoke channel, but also from the upper part of the firebox 11 in the area of ​​the connection of the firebox with the part of the circulation channel near the second partition 9. In the preferred embodiment, it is necessary to provide a passage of smoke and combustion products of the fuel into a smoke outlet opening, which can be the same one through which the smoke exits from the smoke channel, or additional to it. Such an opportunity for the passage of smoke and combustion products can be provided by providing a passage of smoke from the firebox 11 through a part of the circulation channel near the second partition 9 into the smoke outlet opening, taking into account that the circulation channel can be considered the entire volume adjacent to the roof of the furnace, above the first partition and at its ends above the firebox, where smoke with gas can enter and exit into / from the circulation channel.

[0062] In particular, the circulation channel may be configured to connect to a smoke exhaust opening in the area of ​​the upper end of the second partition. For this purpose, in one embodiment, an additional smoke exhaust opening may be provided in the ceiling of the furnace body or its wall near the beginning of the circulation channel, closest to the upper end of the second partition. This additional smoke exhaust opening may then be connected to a separate chimney and / or heat dissipator, or to the chimney and / or heat dissipator that removes smoke from the smoke channel.

[0063] In another embodiment, a smoke exhaust opening from the smoke channel may be formed in the ceiling of the furnace body or its wall so as to simultaneously connect to both the smoke channel and the firebox / circulation channel at the beginning of the circulation channel, closest to the upper end of the second partition. Such a connection can be achieved by positioning the smoke exhaust opening opposite the second partition, resulting in the second partition dividing the opening into a section for exhausting smoke from the smoke channel and a section for exhausting smoke from the circulation channel / firebox.

[0064] In the specified design options with an additional hole for smoke release, it is necessary to install additional dampers that stop the flow of flue gases and smoke through them in order to ensure the circulation of gases inside the furnace for complete combustion of the fuel after the furnace has been ignited.

[0065] As shown in the preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 2, in the region of the upper end of the second partition 9, the smoke channel is connected to the circulation channel, and at the upper end of the second partition 9, it is possible to install a damper 10 to close the connection of the circulation channel to the smoke channel.

[0066] The connection of the circulation channel with the smoke channel at the upper end of the second partition 9 is achieved by connecting the second partition 9 in its upper part only to one or two walls of the housing (front, rear walls 2 and 22), and is not connected to the arch 21 of the housing. That is, from the upper end of the second partition 9 to the arch 21 of the housing there is a distance through which smoke from the circulation channel / firebox can pass during the ignition of the furnace (with the damper 10 open).

[0067] Solid fuel is placed in the firebox 11 on the grate 8 through open door 3. The ash pan extends to provide a fresh air supply to the furnace during ignition. In the furnace configuration shown in the figures, damper 10 is open, allowing smoke to exit the firebox through a portion of the circulation channel into the smoke duct and then into the smoke exhaust opening. Other configurations may allow smoke to exit the firebox directly through a portion of the circulation channel into the smoke exhaust opening.

[0068] The fuel is ignited and door 3 closes. The ash pan remains open, meaning ash pan cover 4 is pulled away from the firebox wall, and the opening angle is determined by the required ignition speed.

[0069] The resulting flue gases and smoke naturally rise through the part of the circulation channel at the second partition 9 to the smoke outlet opening directly or, as shown in Fig. 2, through the open damper 10 and then the smoke channel.

[0070] A portion of the flue gases and smoke during ignition can go around the second partition 9 from below and enter the smoke channel and then into the smoke outlet opening, bypassing the circulation channel, but this smoke path is not the main one during ignition and only a small portion of the smoke and gases can pass through it.

[0071] After the furnace has been lit, it is necessary to ensure the circulation of smoke and combustion products through the circulation channel and firebox 11. To do this, it is necessary to close the passage for smoke and combustion products from the firebox and circulation channel to the connection with the smoke channel or the smoke outlet provided in the upper part of the firebox for ignition. By blocking the smoke outlet from the upper part of the firebox and the circulation channel, smoke will now exit only through the lower entrance to the smoke channel, where it will enter through the lower passage between the bottom 13 and the lower end of the second partition 9, after circulating in the circulation channel and firebox.

[0072] The passage of flue gases and smoke through a portion of the circulation channel in the region of the upper end of the second partition 9 can be blocked by a damper. The damper is an element (preferably flat), which is intended to block the passage of smoke, preferably made using metal (steel, cast iron, etc.) or composite or other materials known from the prior art. The damper can be made rotary (as shown in Fig. 2) and / or lowerable and / or insertable (for example, a wedge type) or any other type known from the prior art. To implement the invention, the damper can block the passage of flue gases and smoke from the furnace / circulation channel into the smoke outlet opening directly, if a separate opening is provided for discharging smoke from the circulation channel / furnace 11 or a smoke outlet opening divided between the smoke channel and the circulation channel, or a passage from the circulation channel to the smoke channel.

[0073] In particular, provision may be made for installing a damper to close the connection between the circulation / combustion chamber duct and the smoke exhaust opening, which is located in the furnace body roof or the body wall near the beginning of the circulation duct, closest to the upper end of the second partition. Alternatively, the damper may be installed to close the connection between the circulation / combustion chamber duct and the smoke exhaust opening, which is shared by both the circulation duct and the smoke duct. In this case, the damper should only close the portion of this opening through which smoke exits from the circulation duct.

[0074] In the preferred case shown in Fig. 2, at the upper end of the second partition 9, it may be possible to install a damper (for example, a rotary damper 10, as shown in Fig. 2, with a damper handle 5, shown in Fig. 1, or another type) to block the connection of the circulation channel with the smoke channel.

[0075] As a result of blocking the passage from the firebox to the smoke exhaust opening directly or through the circulation channel (in particular, for example, blocking the connection between the circulation channel and the smoke channel), smoke begins to exit only through the smoke channel. To do this, it can pass in two ways: the first path is through the entire circulation channel, descend into the area of ​​​​the firebox 11 and to the bottom 13 of the housing and pass above or below the grate 8 (for example, above or under the ash pan 12) to the lower end of the second partition 9 and enter the smoke channel; the second path is directly from the grate 8 descend to the lower end of the second partition 9 and enter the smoke channel.Since the smoke and flue gases are heated during combustion, they are more inclined to rise upwards towards the circulation channel, rather than descend downwards towards the lower end of the second partition; therefore, the majority of the smoke and gases will pass through the first circulation path described, and only a very small proportion of the gases and smoke will directly enter the flue channel.

[0076] The flue gases and smoke that have risen from the firebox upward through a portion of the circulation channel into the smoke outlet opening, after the passage from the circulation channel to the smoke outlet opening is closed by means of the damper, continue to rise upward due to the inertia of the movement and, since only the circulation channel remains free for further movement, the smoke and gas pass through the circulation channel and, having passed from the second partition at the beginning of the circulation channel to the side wall at the end of the circulation channel, begin to descend along the side wall down into the firebox and / or under the grate, thereby starting the circulation movement.

[0077] To ensure that smoke and gas circulation occurs in this specific direction—from the top of the second baffle to the side wall—it's important that smoke and gases exit the firebox during ignition through the section of the circulation channel located near the top of the second baffle. In this configuration, after the smoke and gas outlet through the circulation channel is closed, smoke and gases will begin to enter the circulation channel from the end closest to the second (vertical) baffle.

[0078] In order for smoke and gases to begin moving along the circulation channel after the passage for them from the circulation channel to the smoke outlet opening has been blocked, smoke and gases must enter and pass through a part of the circulation channel during the ignition process, when smoke and gases exit through the smoke outlet opening directly or through the smoke channel from a part of the circulation channel located near the upper end of the second (vertical) partition.

[0079] If smoke were prevented from entering the circulation channel during ignition due to resistance from the gas within the circulation channel, it would initially flow directly under the first baffle and then into the firebox. Then, as circulation slows due to its passage directly within the firebox, smoke and combustion gases would simply rise without circulation. Without circulation, smoke would be unable to enter the flue, as it must descend (which is only achieved by circulation). Consequently, the smoke in the firebox would displace all oxygen, and combustion would cease due to the lack of oxygen.

[0080] During the circulation process, flue gases and smoke, due to inertia and pressure from the combustion chamber, pass through the circulation channel and then descend along wall 19 to the bottom 13. The coolest portion of the flue gases and smoke passes under the grate 8 (above and / or under the ash pan 12) to the lower end of the second partition 9 and then enters the smoke channel and, rising under the pressure of subsequent smoke and gases coming from under the grate, rises upward and exits through the smoke outlet. The remaining portion of the smoke and gases, exiting the circulation channel and descending down wall 19, will enter the firebox directly or through the grate, since it may contain combustible gases - they will burn out in the firebox, forming smoke, and pass again through the circulation channel.

[0081] After ignition and damper closing, the furnace design creates and maintains a steady circulation of flue gases and smoke from the second (vertical) partition 9, moving away from the smoke channel toward the side wall 19 and then downwards. After passing through the grate, exhaust smoke enters the smoke channel through a passage at the bottom, which also heats the walls that form the smoke channel. This provides a longer path for smoke and gases, increasing heat transfer due to the greater number of walls they pass through and the larger surface area heated by the smoke and gases. Increased heat transfer means increased furnace efficiency, as the same volume of fuel burned allows a larger volume of the room in which the furnace is located to be heated more quickly and at a higher temperature.

[0082] The direction of smoke and gas circulation from the second (vertical) partition 9, away from the smoke channel, toward side wall 19 and further down, is determined by the fact that the upper end of the second partition contains an opening for releasing smoke from the circulation channel or a passage to it during the furnace ignition process, when this opening or passage to it is open. When the opening for releasing smoke from the circulation channel or the passage to it is closed at the end of the ignition process, smoke and gases have only one option for movement—from the second (vertical) partition through the circulation channel toward side wall 19, opposite the smoke channel.

[0083] If the hole for releasing smoke from the circulation channel during the ignition of the furnace were located not at the second partition 9, but at the side wall 19 opposite the smoke channel, then when such a hole was blocked, smoke and gases would have to move from the side wall 19 through the circulation channel to the second (vertical) partition 9 and then go down this partition 9. At the bottom of the second partition 9, smoke and gases would enter the smoke channel located behind the second partition 9, through the passage between the lower edge of the second partition 9 and the bottom 12, without entering the firebox through the grate - so combustible gases would immediately go into the smoke channel without being burned, which return to the firebox when the circulation is directed in accordance with the present invention, which would reduce the efficiency of the furnace due to a smaller amount of heat obtained during the combustion of the same amount of fuel.

[0084] In view of the above, to improve furnace efficiency, particularly fuel combustion efficiency, circulation occurs upward from the second (vertical) partition through the circulation channel to the side wall and then down under the grate, rather than vice versa. This also utilizes the space under the grate, through which combustible gases are returned to the firebox for afterburning and recirculation. To achieve this, during ignition, smoke and gases from the circulation channel are released through a smoke outlet located near the upper end of the second (vertical) partition, separating the smoke channel from the firebox.

[0085] In one embodiment, an ash pan (ash shelf) 12 is installed under the grate 8, preferably structurally connected to the ash pan cover 4. The ash pan cover 4 is a door or damper that closes a corresponding opening, for example, as shown in Fig. 1, in the front wall 2 (or another wall) and can be structurally designed separately (when using an ash shelf), or as a single unit as part of the ash pan. The ash pan 12 is an element for accumulating ash formed as a result of fuel combustion. Solid fuel, when burned on the grate 8, eventually forms ash, which falls through the grate 8 into the ash box 12. The ash box 12 can be simply a volume in which ash accumulates and from which ash can be removed through an opening in the wall, which can be closed by an ash pan cover 4, structurally designed in this case as a door or damper.In a preferred embodiment, the ash pan cover 4 is structurally integrated with the ash drawer 12 for ease of ash removal and can be removed from the furnace body 1. In the illustrated embodiment, the ash pan cover 4 is structurally integrated with the ash drawer 12 and is an open box that can be inserted and removed into an opening in the front wall 2 of the body 1 under the door 3. When the ash drawer 12 is inserted into the furnace in the operating position, in which ash from the grate 8 can fall into it, its outer wall 4 acts as a lid, closing the opening for the ash pan.

[0086] Ash drawer 12, both structurally combined with ash pan cover 4 and without it, performs important operational functions, such as correct and reliable ignition of fuel on grate 8, provision of fresh air supply during the ignition period and until the steady-state combustion mode, ease of ash removal after fuel combustion, if necessary, safe adjustment of air supply by pulling out ash drawer 12 or opening the ash pan cover, made in the form of a separate door, which is due to the absence of open fire and flammable materials in comparison, for example, with door 3. Even with the ash pan cover completely closed, there may be gaps between it and the wall of the furnace body, providing the supply of air with oxygen in volumes optimal for maintaining combustion.

[0087] The ash drawer 12, for example, structurally combined with the ash pan cover 4 in one embodiment, can be installed with the provision of a passage for smoke / gases in the channel under the grate 8 and above the ash drawer 12 (that is, between them) and / or under the ash drawer 12 (that is, between it and the bottom 13). The passage for smoke / gases under the grate 8 is provided by the fact that the ash drawer 12 does not occupy the entire volume under the grate 8, but only a part of it, leaving the opportunity for smoke to flow around the ash drawer 12, passing under the grate 8 into the smoke channel. The passage for gases above the ash drawer 12 can be provided by the fact that the ash drawer 12 can be placed at some distance from the grate 8 in the vertical direction. The passage for gases under the ash box 12 can be provided by the fact that the ash box 12 can be placed at some distance from the bottom 13 of the furnace in the vertical direction.The above-described options for arranging the ash box 12 can be used together, as shown in Fig. 2, as a result of which a passage for smoke / gases can be provided both above and below the ash box 12.

[0088] Completion of the circulation movement of flue gases and smoke is achieved by their passage under the grate 8 and partially through the grate 8 and layers of burning fuel from the bottom up from under the grate 8. In the preferred mode of fuel combustion, with an insufficient amount of oxygen, unburned flue gases, when re-passing the firebox and hot fuel on the grates, undergo afterburning, leading to the formation of new volumes of smoke, which goes into the circulation channel with new incompletely burned gases.

[0089] Since smoke is a suspension of burnt particles in a carbon dioxide environment, which is heavier than carbon monoxide and other combustible flue gases, as it circulates around the firebox, the smoke is thrown to the periphery, closer to the furnace wall, while the combustible gases are closer to the firebox. Consequently, upon exiting the circulation channel, some of the combustible gases immediately enter the firebox, while the remainder, along with the smoke, descends down the wall and, passing under the grate, is also closer to the firebox than the smoke passing along the periphery of the circulation flow, that is, near the bottom. As a result, the remaining smoke also enters the firebox through the grate, along with the flow of oxygen entering the furnace through the slightly open ash pan lid or through the gaps between the ash pan lid and the furnace body. The smoke passes further into the smoke channel, and the combustible gases end up in the firebox, where they are completely burned.

[0090] To increase the efficiency of the furnace, in one of the variants shown in the figures, between the firebox 11 and the first partition 14, a third partition 15 is installed, extended in the horizontal direction, connected to the first partition 14 by two connecting partitions 16 and 17, extended in the vertical direction, wherein the connecting partitions 16 and 17 are installed at a distance from the side wall 19 of the body 1 and the second partition 9 and form, together with them, connecting channels in such a way that the circulation channel is connected to the firebox 11 from both ends of the first partition 14 by means of connecting channels.

[0091] The third partition 15 is an internal wall connected on one or both sides to the walls of the housing 1, in particular the front and rear walls 2 and 22. The third partition 15 is installed under the first partition 14. The third partition 15 is extended in the horizontal direction, that is, its projection in the horizontal plane is greater than in the vertical plane. That is, the third partition 15 is located, essentially, in the horizontal plane or at some angle to it so that it is more extended in the horizontal direction than in the vertical direction, and it is preferably parallel or close to a parallel position relative to the first partition 14.

[0092] The third partition 15 is connected to the first partition 14 by two connecting partitions 16 and 17, which are internal walls connected on one or both sides to the walls of the housing 1, in particular the front and rear walls 2 and 22. The connecting partitions 16 and 17 are extended in the vertical direction, that is, their projections in the vertical plane are greater than in the horizontal one. That is, the connecting partitions are located, in fact, in the vertical plane or at some angle to it, so that they are more extended in the vertical direction than in the horizontal one and ensure the passage of smoke and / or gases in a substantially vertical direction along the second partition 9 (upward) and along the side wall 19 of the housing 1 (downward), to which they are preferably parallel.

[0093] The first connecting partition 17 is installed at a distance from the second partition 9 and, together with the second partition 9, forms the first connecting channel. The second connecting partition 16 is installed at a distance from the wall 19 of the housing 1 and, together with the wall 19 of the housing, forms the second connecting channel. Thus, both connecting partitions 16 and 17 form connecting channels together with the side wall 19 of the housing 1 and the second partition 9.

[0094] Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first connecting channel is located between the first connecting partition 17 and the second partition 9, and the second connecting channel is located between the second connecting partition 16 and the side wall 19 of the housing 1. As a result of placing the third partition 15 and the connecting partitions 16 and 17 under the first partition 14, the circulation channel is separated from the firebox by a large space covered by the first, third and connecting partitions together, and to ensure its connection with the firebox, connecting channels are provided that ensure the connection of the circulation channel from both ends of the first partition with the firebox (that is, a passage is provided for smoke / gases / fuel combustion products from the connecting channels to the circulation channel and vice versa).

[0095] Removing the circulation channel from the firebox extends the flue gas and smoke path, resulting in increased heat transfer from the furnace. This significantly reduces the flue gas and smoke temperature at the end of the circulation cycle, ensuring a reliable pressure drop necessary to maintain circulation and the downward movement of smoke and gases toward the bottom upon exiting the circulation channel. This also extends the fuel combustion cycle due to its deep afterburning through pyrolysis and conversion into a flue gas mixture. This reduces the labor required for fueling and ash removal. Furthermore, the presence of a thermal volume formed by partitions 14-17 significantly increases the heat exchange surface, allowing not only for increasing the heated volume but also for drying items or cooking (reheating) food on the horizontal third partition 15 with the volume open to the outside.

[0096] The connecting channels are continuously connected to the circulation channel, and therefore take a direct part in the ignition process and the subsequent formation and maintenance of the circulation movement. Thus, during ignition, the first connecting channel between the second partition 9 and the first connecting partition 17 forms an initial stable flow of flue gases and smoke from the firebox into the smoke outlet opening directly or through the smoke channel, which can enter, for example, through the open damper 10. Further, when the passage from the connecting and / or circulation channel to the smoke outlet opening is closed with the help of the damper (for example, as shown in Fig. 2, by closing the damper 10, which closes the passage to the smoke channel), the flue gases and smoke begin to move through the channels along the arch 21 of the furnace and then along the second connecting channel between the side wall 19 and the second connecting partition 16 (and the guide partition 18, if provided).

[0097] Throughout the entire flue gas and smoke path, they release their thermal energy through heat exchange through the walls of the channels, including the connecting channels. Furthermore, the second partition 9 is also heated by the circulation and, through thermal conductivity, heats the smoke and flue gas masses entering the flue channel to ensure reliable draft, and also transfers heat to the walls of the furnace body, such as the front and rear walls.

[0098] The space between the first, third, and connecting partitions can be an internal volume, separated from both the firebox and the outside. This volume can be hollow or filled with some material. It can be filled with any material, preferably one with high heat capacity, such as brick, stone, sand, etc. This increases the furnace's heat capacity, prolonging its heating and subsequent cooling.

[0099] In another embodiment, the space between the first, third, and connecting partitions can be connected to the surrounding space via an opening in one or both walls of the body, so that the furnace body still separates the firebox and ducts from the outside. Providing such an opening in one wall of the body will form a niche, while providing openings in two walls of the body will form a through passage in the furnace body. This through passage, like the furnace body as a whole, still separates the firebox and internal ducts, such as the circulation and connecting ducts, from the outside. In this case, the first, third, and connecting partitions that form the niche or passage in the furnace body become the outer walls. This will significantly increase the furnace's thermal surface and, accordingly, heat output while providing minimal resistance to the circulation of flue gases and smoke within the furnace.A niche or passage in the furnace body, as well as the furnace vault outside, can be used to place any materials or objects in / on them (for example, for cooking or heating food, boiling water, sterilizing tools, drying things, etc.), ensuring uniform heat from all sides.

[0100] The volume, niche, or opening formed by partitions 14-17 can be designed with rounded corners. This rounding allows the circulation flow to change direction more smoothly, reducing losses due to braking at the corners, increasing circulation speed, and enhancing the interaction between the flue gases and the hot fuel in the furnace. However, it should be noted that the furnace can also function with non-rounded corners, where the walls and partitions meet at right angles.

[0101] The circulation through the circulation channel with connecting channels is initiated in the same way as without them, but with gas and smoke entering the circulation channel through the first connecting channel and exiting through the second connecting channel. Furthermore, for ignition of the stove, the smoke exhaust hole may be located not only in the stove roof, but also in the wall of the stove body near the first channel (i.e., in the front or rear wall of the body in the space between the second partition and the first connecting partition) or even in the first connecting partition, if smoke exhaust is provided from the space between the first and third partitions. The passage to the smoke exhaust hole may be located not only in the upper part of the second partition, but also in any other part of the second partition opposite the first connecting partition, for example, in the form of an opening or aperture in it.The choice of location of the smoke outlet or passage to it is still dictated by the desired direction of circulation described earlier.

[0102] The stove is lit in a similar manner to the above-described variant, in which the circulation channel is directly connected to the firebox. During ignition, smoke from the firebox exits through a smoke exhaust hole in the stove roof near the second partition, or in the wall of the stove body near the first channel, or in the first connecting partition, or through a passage in the second partition at its top or opposite the first connecting partition.

[0103] When combustion is established, the smoke exhaust opening in the furnace roof near the second partition (specifically, above the circulation channel) or in the furnace body wall near the first channel or in the first connecting partition is closed with a damper, or the passage in the second partition at its top or opposite the first connecting partition is closed. This ensures that smoke and gases are directed along the main circulation path from the firebox into the first connecting channel between the second partition and the first connecting partition, then into the circulation channel between the roof and the first partition, and then back into the firebox through the second connecting channel between the side wall and the second connecting partition. Here, the combustible gases burn out and close the circulation, just as with simple circulation through the circulation channel directly from / to the firebox.

[0104] To increase the efficiency of the furnace, a guide channel may be formed in it for directing smoke and gases from the circulation channel and / or the connecting channel downwards into the firebox and / or under the grate. For this purpose, as shown in Fig. 2, the guide channel may be separated from the firebox 11 by a guide partition 18, extending from the third partition 15 in a vertical direction downwards to the grate 8, wherein the guide channel is connected on one side to the connecting channel passing along the wall 19 of the housing, and on the other side is connected to the space above and / or below the grate 8.

[0105] The guide baffle 18 is an internal wall connected on one or both sides to the walls of the housing 1, in particular the front and rear walls 2 and 22. The guide baffle is vertically extended, meaning its projection in the vertical plane is greater than in the horizontal plane. That is, the guide baffle is located substantially in the vertical plane or at a slight angle to it, such that it extends more vertically than horizontally and ensures the passage of smoke and / or gases in a substantially vertical direction along the side wall of the housing, to which it is preferably parallel.

[0106] The side wall 19 together with the guide partition 18 forms a guide channel located between them. Thus, the guide partition 19 separates the guide channel from the firebox 11. The guide channel can be connected to the second connecting channel passing near the wall, in the case when the furnace according to the present invention is provided with the third and connecting partitions - for this, the upper end of the guide partition 18 should be connected to the second connecting partition 16 and / or the third partition 15, as shown in Fig. 2. In the case when the third and connecting partitions are not provided, the guide channel can be connected to the circulation channel - for this, the upper end of the guide partition 18 should be connected to the first partition 14.In order to ensure the connection of the guide channel with the connecting channel passing along the wall 19 of the housing 1, or with the circulation channel, in accordance with the present invention, a passage for smoke / gases / fuel combustion products from the connecting channel or the circulation channel to the guide channel, respectively, can be provided.

[0107] Since the smoke and / or combustion products must be directed from the circulation channel or the connecting channel downwards to the grate 8, the guide baffle 18 preferably extends from the third baffle 15 in the vertical direction downwards to the grate 8, and the guide channel passes in the same way. At the bottom, the guide channel is preferably connected to the space above the grate 8 (the firebox 11) and / or the space under the grate 8, in which the ash box 12 can be located. For this purpose, the lower end of the guide baffle 18 is separated from the bottom 13 by a certain distance, at a height above or below the location of the grate 8 (depending on the selected configuration), and through this distance from the end of the guide baffle 18 to the bottom 13, smoke and / or combustion products can enter the firebox 11 and / or under the grate 8.

[0108] The guide channel, formed by extending the connecting channel between the side wall 19 and the second connecting partition 16 using the guide partition 18, creates a longer path for stable circulation of flue gases and smoke, increases the heat transfer area of ​​the furnace, brings the end of the circulation zone under the grate 8, which more effectively allows flue gases to pass through the hot fuel, intensifies the fuel pyrolysis process and leads to more complete combustion of unburned carbon and combustible gases in the smoke. In addition, the smoke passing through the guide channel down to the bottom of the stove does not enter the firebox due to the guide partition separating the guide channel from the firebox. As a result, smoke does not interfere with combustion and pyrolysis, and combustible gases enter the firebox through the grate, which overall makes the combustion process more stable, efficient and sustainable.

[0109] Firing the furnace and starting the circulation are carried out in the same way as described above for any of the options with or without connecting channels, except that during circulation, the smoke and gas at the end of the circulation pass lower, mainly under the grate.

[0110] The present invention provides deep solid fuel combustion, increased heat transfer, and enhanced combustion efficiency and duration, along with reduced maintenance costs. This is achieved by structurally separating the smoke channel from the firebox and forming a circulation channel within the furnace with appropriate baffles and dampers, ensuring circulation and conditions for fuel pyrolysis. The implementation of additional channels, such as connecting and guide channels for the movement of flue gases and smoke, with the end of the circulation flow located under the grate containing the fuel, further enhances heat transfer and furnace efficiency, as well as further increases the stability and duration of the combustion process, ensuring conditions for deeper fuel pyrolysis.

[0111] The present invention is described in various embodiments and configurations, with respect to the figures provided, as examples to illustrate and simplify the understanding of the invention. The invention is described with respect to the furnace being arranged in a vertical operating position, however, all of the aforementioned features may be determined in any other positions, for example, during storage, transportation, with the appropriate orientation of the individual components relative to the device as a whole. The scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown, but is defined below by the following claims.

Claims

1. A stove comprising a body with a door and an opening for the release of smoke, wherein the grate and the firebox above it are placed in the body, providing the possibility of placing the materials being burned on the grate through an opening door; wherein a first partition is installed above the firebox, extending in a horizontal direction and separating the firebox from a circulation channel located between the partition and the arch of the housing, wherein the circulation channel is connected to the firebox at both ends of the first partition; wherein the firebox is separated from the smoke channel on the side by a second partition extending in the vertical direction, wherein the smoke channel is connected to the firebox at the lower end of the second partition, and in the region of the upper end of the second partition the smoke channel is connected to an opening for releasing smoke, wherein the possibility of removing smoke from the firebox above the lower end of the second partition is provided by means of an additional opening and / or passage in the wall and / or partition with the possibility of closing said additional opening and / or passage with a damper.

2. A furnace according to item 1, characterized in that an ash pan is installed under the grate.

3. The furnace according to item 2, characterized in that the ash pan is installed with a passage for gases under the grate and above the ash pan and / or under the ash pan.

4. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the circulation channel is designed with the possibility of connecting to an opening for releasing smoke in the region of the upper end of the second partition, and it is possible to install a damper to close the connection of the circulation channel with the opening for releasing smoke.

5. The furnace according to item 1, characterized in that the opening for releasing smoke is made in the arch of the body above the smoke channel.

6. The furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that the circulation channel is designed with the possibility of connection with the opening for releasing smoke in the region of the upper end of the second partition through a smoke channel, and the possibility of closing the connection of the circulation channel with the opening for releasing smoke through the smoke channel is ensured by the possibility of installing a damper with the closing of the connection of the circulation channel with the smoke channel.

7. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that between the firebox and the first partition, a third partition is installed, extended in the horizontal direction, connected to the first partition by two connecting partitions, extended in the vertical direction, wherein the connecting partitions are installed at a distance from the wall of the housing and the second partition and form, together with them, connecting channels in such a way that the circulation channel is connected to the firebox from both ends of the first partition by means of connecting channels.

8. The furnace according to claim 7, characterized in that the opening for releasing smoke is made in the arch of the housing above the smoke channel, and the possibility of removing smoke from the firebox through the smoke channel is provided by means of an opening and / or passage in the area of ​​the second partition opposite the first connecting partition, and is provided with the possibility of installing a damper to close said opening or passage in the area of ​​the second partition opposite the first connecting partition.

9. The furnace according to item 7, characterized in that the volume between the first, third and connecting partitions is connected to the surrounding space by means of an opening in one or two walls of the body.

10. A furnace according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that the firebox is separated from the guide channel by a guide partition extending from the first or third partition in a vertical direction to the grate, wherein the guide channel is connected on one side to a circulation or connecting channel passing along the wall of the housing, and on the other side is connected to the space above and / or below the grate.

11. A furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the firebox is separated from the guide channel by a guide partition extending from the first partition in a vertical direction to the grate, wherein the guide channel is connected on one side to the circulation channel, and on the other side is connected to the space above and / or below the grate.

12. The furnace according to item 1, characterized in that the damper is made to be rotary and / or lowerable and / or insertable.

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