sunshade

Abstract

[Problem] To provide a sunshade structure for which sunshade performance does not readily decline even if there is a shift in season or the time period when the sunlight is strong. [Solution] A sunshade 80 comprising a plurality of sunshade blocks in which a plurality of sunshade members are disposed so as to be aligned in a fixed direction, the sunshade members being structured such that a plurality of sun blocking faces and a plurality of spaces are disposed three-dimensionally and, when viewed from a prescribed light-blocking angle, each space seems to be substantially covered by the sun blocking face disposed therebehind, the sunshade 80 being characterized in that the sunshade members are constituted by a base configuration block 52 that comprises a plurality of curved round members 50 which are elliptical plates that have been bent, the base configuration block 52 being formed by disposing the curved round members 50 such that the curving directions thereof match one another and connecting the ends of the curved round members 50 to one another.

Description

Sunshade

[0001] This invention relates to a sunshade, and particularly to a sunshade formed by combining a plurality of sunshade members having a structure in which a plurality of light-shielding surfaces and gaps are three-dimensionally arranged.

[0002] In order to solve the heat island phenomenon that is becoming serious in urban areas and also contribute to reducing power consumption, a sunshade formed by combining a large number of sunshade members having a so-called fractal structure has already been proposed. Patent No. 5066215, Patent No. 5315514, Patent No. 5763977, Sierpinski's forest: New technology of cool roof with fractal shapes, Internet URL: https: / / www.sciencedirect.com / science / article / pii / S0378778811006529, Search date: June 8, 2018

[0003] Here, the "fractal structure" refers to a structure having a plurality of clusters, in which the clusters form a hierarchical structure and the shapes of the clusters belonging to each layer are similar to each other. As one of such self-similar three-dimensional figures, the Sierpinski tetrahedron is known. Since the sunshade member embodying such a fractal structure has an extremely complex shape by itself, it will be described in detail below based on the description in Patent Document 2.

[0004] First, as shown in FIG. 19, the sunshade member 1 has a fractal structure composed of four basic elements 2, 3, 4, and 5, and each of the basic elements 2, 3, 4, and 5 also has a fractal structure with a dihedron 11, 12, 13, 14 in which the same-shaped triangles are symmetrically integrated as a unit.

[0005] Each of the basic elements 2, 3, 4, and 5 is arranged such that four dihedrons 11, 12, 13, 14 that are square when viewed from the plane are adjacent to each other on the left and right, front and back, and above and below, and includes the first dihedron 11 at the reference position, the second dihedron 12 arranged to the right of the first dihedron 11, the third dihedron 13 arranged behind the first dihedron 11, and the fourth dihedron 14 arranged above the dihedrons 11, 12, 13 from the first to the third.

[0006] The sunshade member 1 consists of four basic elements 2, 3, 4, and 5 arranged adjacent to each other horizontally, horizontally, and vertically. It comprises a first basic element 2 in a reference position, a second basic element 3 positioned to the right of the first basic element 2, a third basic element 4 positioned behind the first basic element 2, and a fourth basic element 5 positioned above the first to third basic elements 2, 3, and 4.

[0007] As shown in an enlarged view in Figure 20, the four dihedrons 11, 12, 13, and 14 that constitute basic element 2 (the same applies to the other basic elements 3, 4, and 5) are of the same shape, and each dihedron 11, 12, 13, and 14 consists of small triangular plate portions 11a, 12a, 13a, and 14a that form the front surface, and small triangular plate portions 11b, 12b, 13b, and 14b that form the side surfaces.

[0008] The first dihedron 11 consists of lower edges 21 and 22 in the left-right and front-back directions that are located on the horizontal plane and form two sides of a square, a common edge 23 that extends diagonally upward from the intersection of the lower edges 21 and 22 and forms a ridge line R, and upper edges 24 and 25 on the front and back sides that connect the upper end of the common edge 23 to the ends of each lower edge 21 and 22.

[0009] The second dihedron 12 consists of a left-right lower edge 21 which is an extension of the left-right lower edge 21 of the first dihedron 11, a front-back lower edge 22 which is parallel to the front-back lower edge 22 of the first dihedron 11, a common edge 23 which is parallel to the common edge 23 of the first dihedron 11, and front and back upper edges 24 and 25 which are parallel to the front and back upper edges 24 and 25 of the first dihedron 11, respectively.

[0010] The third dihedron 13 consists of a front-to-back bottom edge 22 which is an extension of the front-to-back bottom edge 22 of the first dihedron 11 in the front-to-back direction, a left-to-right bottom edge 21 which is parallel to the left-to-right bottom edge 21 of the first dihedron 11, a common edge 23 which is parallel to the common edge 23 of the first dihedron 11, and front and back top edges 24 and 25 which are parallel to the front and back top edges 24 and 25 of the first dihedron 11, respectively.

[0011] The fourth dihedron 14 consists of a common edge 23 of the first dihedron 11 that is extended diagonally upward, a front upper edge 24 of the second dihedron 12 that is extended diagonally upward, a back upper edge 25 of the third dihedron 13 that is extended diagonally upward, a left lower edge 21 parallel to the left lower edge 21 of the first dihedron 11, and a front lower edge 22 parallel to the front lower edge 22 of the first dihedron 11.

[0012] In Figure 20, the small triangular plate portions 11a, 12a, and 14a that form the front surfaces of the first, second, and fourth dihedrons 11, 12, and 14 are on the same plane (front surface), and the small triangular plate portion 12b that forms the side surface of the second dihedron 12 is bent toward the bottom surface relative to this front surface, thereby forming a triangular-shaped small triangular through-hole 15 on the front surface of the basic element 2. Also, the small triangular plate portions 11b, 13b, and 14b that form the side surfaces of the first, third, and fourth dihedrons 11, 13, and 14 are on the same plane (side surface), and the small triangular plate portion 13a that forms the front surface of the third dihedron 13 is bent toward the bottom surface relative to this side surface, thereby forming a triangular-shaped small triangular through-hole 15 on the side surface of the basic element 2. Thus, the basic element 2 has a dihedral shape consisting of a main body portion formed by joining two medium triangular plate portions 2a and 2b, each having a small triangular through-hole 15 in the center, via a ridge line R, and small triangular plate portions (protruding portions) 12b and 13a that are bent towards the bottom side relative to the medium triangular plate portions 2a and 2b.

[0013] In the sunshade member 1, which consists of four basic elements 2, 3, 4, and 5, the triangular plate portions 2a, 3a, and 5a that form the front surfaces of the first, second, and fourth basic elements 2, 3, and 5 are on the same plane (front surface), and the triangular plate portion 3b that forms the side surface of the second basic element 3 is bent toward the bottom surface relative to this front surface, so that a triangular-shaped through-hole 6 is formed in the large triangular portion 1a of the front surface. Furthermore, the triangular plate portions 2b, 4b, and 5b that form the side surfaces of the first, third, and fourth basic elements 2, 4, and 5 are on the same plane (side surface), and the triangular plate portion 4a that forms the front surface of the third basic element 4 is bent toward the bottom surface relative to this side surface, so that a triangular-shaped through-hole 6 is formed in the large triangular portion 1b of the side surface. As a result, the sunshade molded product 1 has a dihedral shape consisting of a dihedral main body portion in which two large triangular plate portions 1a and 1b, each having a central triangular through-hole 6, are joined via a ridge line R, and medium triangular plate portions (protruding portions) 3b and 4a that are bent towards the bottom side relative to the large triangular plate portions 1a and 1b.

[0014] Therefore, by considering the sunshade member 1 as a basic element and using four of them to arrange them left and right, front and back, and up and down in the same way as the basic elements 2, 3, 4, and 5 described above, a sunshade block, which is an assembly of the sunshade member 1 shown in Figure 21, can be obtained. By appropriately increasing the number of sunshade blocks used, a sunshade of the required size can be obtained.

[0015] When forming a sunshade using this sunshade member 1, a large number of sunshade blocks, each consisting of four sunshade members 1 connected together, are prepared, and each sunshade block is pre-assembled onto a rectangular frame member to form a sunshade unit. Alternatively, a sunshade can be formed by placing and fixing multiple sunshade units onto a base frame supported by multiple legs.

[0016] By orienting the ridge line R of each sunshade member 1 included in the above-mentioned sunshade block toward the south, sunlight is blocked by the sunshade member 1, thereby enabling a sunshade effect. In addition, each sunshade member 1 has numerous triangular perforations, and the shading surfaces are distributed in three-dimensional space, allowing heat to quickly escape into the air through the gaps between the shading surfaces.

[0017] However, the above-mentioned prior art uses a Sierpinski tetrahedron as the shading surface and is configured to block the perforations when viewed from a specific direction. However, when viewed from a different direction, that is, when trying to block the midday sun to the maximum extent, sunlight leaking through the perforations increases at times outside of noon, such as 11:00 or 13:00, reducing the sunshade performance. Also, if the goal is to maximize shading performance in late July or early August when sunlight is intense, sunlight leaking through the perforations increases during periods before mid-July and after mid-August, reducing the sunshade performance.

[0018] To solve the above problems, this invention aims to provide a sunshade structure that does not easily deteriorate even when the time of day or season in which sunlight is strongest changes.

[0019] To achieve the above objective, the sunshade described in claim 1 comprises a plurality of sunshade blocks, each of which a plurality of sunshade members is arranged in a certain direction, and the sunshade members are arranged in a certain direction, and the sunshade members are formed by using a plurality of curved circular members made by curving circular or elliptical plates, arranging each curved circular member so that their respective curvature directions are aligned, and connecting their ends to one another.

[0020] Furthermore, the sunshade described in claim 2 is the sunshade of claim 1, further characterized by comprising a plurality of sunshade units formed by assembling a plurality of sunshade blocks on a frame material with their respective curved concave surfaces aligned in a certain direction, and a support structure that supports each sunshade unit at a predetermined height from the ground.

[0021] Furthermore, the sunshade described in claim 3 is the sunshade of claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of upright units formed by assembling a plurality of sunshade blocks on a frame material with their respective curved concave surfaces aligned in a certain direction; a plurality of inverted units formed by assembling a plurality of sunshade blocks on a frame material in an inverted state; and a support structure that supports each upright unit and inverted unit at a predetermined height from the ground, wherein the upright units and inverted units are arranged alternately on the support structure.

[0022] The sunshade described in claim 4 is the sunshade of claim 2 or 3, further characterized in that an inclination means is provided between the frame material and the support structure for placing and fixing each sunshade block to the ground at a predetermined inclination angle. This inclination means includes, for example, a base plate placed on the upper part of the support structure, a movable plate on which the sunshade member unit is placed and fixed, a hinge that rotatably fixes the movable plate to one end of the base plate, and a spacer interposed between the base plate and the movable plate, wherein the inclination angle of the movable plate and the sunshade member unit can be arbitrarily adjusted by changing the height of the spacer.

[0023] In the sunshade according to this invention, the curved circular member that forms the light-blocking surface is literally a circle or ellipse enclosed by a curve, and has a structure in which the bulging portions overlap between the ends of the curved circular members arranged vertically. Therefore, compared to the light-blocking surface of conventional sunshade members enclosed by straight lines, it is possible to effectively mitigate the decrease in light-blocking performance due to differences in time of day or season.

[0024] As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the sunshade according to this invention is constructed by combining multiple curved circular members 50, each made by curving an elliptical plate material around its minor axis (minor diameter). The convex surfaces 51 of each curved circular member 50 are aligned to face the same direction.

[0025] As shown in Figure 1, the basic structural block 52 is formed by joining four curved circular members 50 in three dimensions, with (A) having the long axis ends of a pair of curved circular members 50 joined together, placing (B) having the short axis ends of a pair of curved circular members 50 joined together, and joining both ends of the long axis of each curved circular member 50 placed on top to the vicinity of both ends of the short axis of each curved circular member 50 placed below, thereby joining the four curved circular members 50 in three dimensions.

[0026] This basic structural block 52 becomes the "sunshade member," which is the smallest unit for constructing the sunshade. In Figure 2, the pair of curved circular members 50 positioned on the lower side are given a textured surface for convenience, in order to differentiate them from the curved circular members 50 positioned on the upper side. The black dots in the figure indicate the joint locations.

[0027] The convex surface 51 or concave surface 56 of the curved circular member 50 included in each basic structural block 52 functions as a sunshade. As shown in Figure 2, a gap α exists between the pair of curved circular members 50 positioned on the upper side, but when viewed from a plane, the gap α is shielded by the convex surface 51 of the curved circular member 50 positioned on the lower side. Also, as shown in Figure 3, a gap β exists between the curved circular member 50 positioned on the upper side and the curved circular member 50 positioned on the lower side, due to the curvature.

[0028] There are no particular limitations on the material of the curved circular member 50; it can be made from synthetic resin, metal such as aluminum, wood, etc. Instead of an elliptical curved circular member 50, a circular plate can be used and curved around its diameter to form a curved circular member.

[0029] There are no particular limitations on the method of joining each curved circular member 50; adhesive bonding, welding, etc., can be selected depending on the material. In the case of synthetic resin, the basic structural block 52 can also be formed from the beginning by injection molding, with each curved circular member 50 already connected.

[0030] When making the shading surface elliptical, a ratio of major axis to minor axis of 2:1 to 1:1 (circular) is preferable, with 3:2 being more preferable. Since the sun moves from east to west, installing the shading surface with the major axis oriented east-west will increase the shading area on the ground. If the major axis is too large, the overlap of the shading surfaces in the north-south direction will decrease, making it easier for direct sunlight to enter when the seasons change and the sun's altitude changes.

[0031] The curved shape of the shading surface is preferably such that the ratio of the straight length in the long axis direction to the height of the central part is 2:1 to 4:1, with 3:1 being more preferable. If the ratio is smaller than 2:1, it becomes closer to a flat surface, making it difficult for air convection to occur, so the temperature rises. If the ratio is larger than 4:1, when the season is outside of midsummer and the sun's altitude changes, direct sunlight is more likely to enter.

[0032] By combining these basic structural blocks 52 according to certain rules, a large-scale sunshade block with a fractal (self-similar) structure is formed. First, as shown in Figure 4(a), by combining four basic structural blocks 52, a medium-sized block 53 with 16 curved circular members 50 is formed, as shown in Figure 4(b).

[0033] Specifically, a medium-sized block 53 is formed by joining the long axis ends of two curved circular members 50, which are located on the lower side of a pair of basic structural blocks 52, to form (C), and then placing (D), which is formed by joining the short axis ends of two other curved circular members 50, which are located on the upper side of a pair of basic structural blocks 52, on top of (C). The long axis ends of each of the curved circular members 50 located on top are then joined near the short axis ends of each of the curved circular members 50 located below.

[0034] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 5(a), by combining four medium-sized blocks 53, a large block 54 equipped with 64 curved circular plate members is formed, as shown in Figure 5(b).

[0035] Specifically, the long axis ends of the curved circular members 50 located at the bottom of a pair of medium-sized blocks 53 are joined together (E), and on top of this, the short axis ends of the curved circular members 50 located at the top of another pair of medium-sized blocks 53 are joined together (F). Next, the long axis ends of the curved circular members 50 located at the bottom of each of the upper medium-sized blocks 53 are joined near the short axis ends of the curved circular members 50 located at the top of each of the lower medium-sized blocks 53 to complete the large block 54.

[0036] Perforated projections 55 are provided at the long axis ends of each curved circular member 50 located at both ends of the lowest section of this large block 54. Similarly, perforated projections 55 are provided at the short axis ends of each curved circular member 50 located at both ends of the uppermost section of the large block 54. These perforated projections 55 can be attached after the large block 54 is formed, but it is also possible to use curved circular members 50 that have perforated projections 55 already formed at their long axis or short axis ends.

[0037] Figures 6 to 8 are 3D images of this large block 54 (however, for ease of illustration, the perforated projection 55 is omitted). As shown in Figure 6, when observed from a plan view, it can be seen that there are almost no gaps in the large block 54, and the gaps between the basic component blocks 52 located on the upper side are almost completely blocked by the light-shielding surface (convex surface 51 of the curved circular member 50) of the basic component blocks 52 located on the lower side.

[0038] In contrast, as shown in Figure 7, when the viewpoint is shifted diagonally, it can be seen that there are many gaps 57 between each curved circular member 50 or between the basic structural blocks 52. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 8, when the large block 54 is observed from the side, it can be seen that there are many large gaps 57 between each curved circular member 50 or between the basic structural blocks 52, ensuring sufficient ventilation.

[0039] In this invention, since the large-scale block 54 may be used in the same orientation as shown in FIG. 6, or in the reversed state, the former is referred to as the upright block 60 and the latter as the inverted block 61, and hereafter, the two will be distinguished from each other.

[0040] FIG. 9 is a 3D image showing this inverted block 61, and a light-shielding surface is formed by the concave surface 56 of each curved circular member 50. At the uppermost stage of the inverted block 61, eight curved circular members 50 with their long-axis ends connected to each other are arranged. Also, at the lowermost stage thereof, eight curved circular members 50 with their short-axis ends connected to each other are arranged.

[0041] By using a plurality of these large-scale blocks 54 and arranging and fixing each of them as the upright block 60 shown in FIG. 6 in a frame, an upright unit for sunshading is formed. FIGS. 10 and 11 show an example of the formation process of this upright unit 70.

[0042] First, as shown in FIG. 10, a first frame member 74 having a structure in which four vertical leaf rails 73 are arranged and fixed in parallel at a predetermined interval from each other within a quadrangular frame formed by a pair of vertical rails 71 and a pair of horizontal rails 72 is prepared.

[0043] After placing two upright blocks 60 on each vertical leaf rail 73 of this first frame member 74, screws are inserted through the perforated protrusions 55 of the lowermost curved circular members 50 of each and screwed into the horizontal rail 72 or the vertical leaf rail 73.

[0044] At this time, a common screw is inserted through the perforated protrusion 55 of one upright block 60 and the perforated protrusion 55 of the other upright block 60 and screwed into the vertical leaf rail 73. As a result of the above, as shown in FIG. 11(a), a total of eight upright blocks 60 constituting the first stage are fixed to the first frame member 74.

[0045] Next, as shown in Fig. 11(b), place the upright blocks 60 that form the second layer on a pair of adjacent upright blocks 60. At this time, align the perforated protrusions 55 of the lowermost curved circular members 50 of the upper upright block 60 with the perforated protrusions 55 of the uppermost curved circular members 50 of the lower upright block 60, and fix the respective holes to each other with screws and nuts.

[0046] By repeating this operation, as shown in Fig. 11(c), an upright unit 70 with a total of 13 upright blocks 60 (8 in the first layer and 5 in the second layer) mounted is completed. At this time, regarding each upright block 60 that forms the second layer, the perforated protrusions 55 at the uppermost stage of the upright block 60 located in front and the perforated protrusions 55 at the uppermost stage of the upright block 60 located behind are interconnected via screws and nuts.

[0047] Fig. 12 shows the second frame member 75, which has a configuration in which two horizontal leaf bars 76 are arranged and fixed in parallel with a predetermined interval between them within a quadrangular frame formed by a pair of vertical bars 71 and a pair of horizontal bars 72.

[0048] Place the inverted blocks 61 on each horizontal leaf bar 76 of this second frame member 75, insert screws through the perforated protrusions 55 at the lowermost stage of each, and fix them by screwing them into the horizontal leaf bar 76 or the vertical bar 71.

[0049] At this time, the perforated protrusions 55 at the uppermost stage of one inverted block 61 and the perforated protrusions 55 at the uppermost stage of the adjacent other inverted block 61 are connected with screws and nuts. As a result of the above, as shown in Fig. 13(a), a total of 8 inverted blocks 61 that form the first layer are fixed to the second frame member 75.

[0050] Next, as shown in Figure 13(b), the inverted blocks 61 constituting the second layer are placed on top of the first layer of inverted blocks 61. At this time, the perforated projection 55 of the bottommost curved circular member 50 of the upper inverted block 61 and the perforated projection 55 of the topmost curved circular member 50 of the lower inverted block 61 are aligned, screws are inserted through the respective holes, and they are secured with nuts. In addition, the perforated projection 55 of the topmost inverted blocks 61 constituting the second layer are interconnected with the perforated projection 55 of the topmost inverted blocks 61 located to the side via screws and nuts.

[0051] By repeating this process, an inverted unit 77 is completed, as shown in Figure 13(c), which is equipped with a total of 17 inverted blocks 61 (8 in the first layer and 9 in the second layer).

[0052] The upright unit 70 and the inverted unit 77 are manufactured in advance at the factory in the required number, then transported by truck to the installation site and assembled as a sunshade. Figure 14 illustrates the completed sunshade 80, showing a base frame 83 placed on multiple legs 82 erected perpendicularly to the installation surface 81, with the upright unit 70 and the inverted unit 77 fixed on top of it. The upright unit 70 and the inverted unit 77 are lifted onto the base frame 83 by a forklift or crane truck and fixed in place by connecting devices (not shown).

[0053] Figure 15 is a plan view of the sunshade 80, showing how the upright unit 70 and the inverted unit 77 are arranged alternately in the front-back, left-right, and right-handed directions. By arranging the upright unit 70, which has multiple upright blocks 60, and the inverted unit 77, which has multiple inverted blocks 61, in a so-called checkerboard pattern, the blocks protruding from one unit fit into the empty spaces in the other unit, making it possible to efficiently form a light-shielding surface with few gaps.

[0054] However, this invention is not limited to this configuration, and does not exclude the possibility of constructing a sunshade by using a large number of either the upright unit 70 or the inverted unit 77 sunshade units. Furthermore, when constructing a sunshade using sunshade units in this manner, gaps may occur in some places on the shading surface, but in such cases, the gaps can be individually filled by attaching additional sunshade blocks.

[0055] Furthermore, the configuration of each sunshade unit is not limited to the above, and various variations are possible regarding the number of vertical leaf slats 73 and horizontal leaf slats 76, the spacing between them, the number of sunshade blocks to be installed, the installation method, and the number of rows.

[0056] As described above, by orienting the long axis of each curved circular member 50 included in each sunshade block in the east-west direction, sunlight is blocked by the convex or concave surface 51 of the curved circular member 50, thereby enabling a sunshade effect. However, the installation direction is not limited to this.

[0057] Furthermore, numerous gaps 57 are formed between each curved circular member 50 or between the basic structural blocks 52 that make up the sunshade block, and the shading surfaces are distributed in three-dimensional space. Additionally, air convection is generated by the curved surface of each curved circular member 50, making it possible to quickly release heat into the air through the gaps 57.

[0058] Furthermore, the curved circular member 50 that forms the light-shielding surface is based on an "ellipse" shape literally enclosed by curves, and has a structure in which the bulging portions overlap between the ends of the curved circular members 50 that are arranged vertically (see Figure 2). Therefore, compared to the light-shielding surface of conventional sunshade members enclosed by straight lines, it is possible to mitigate the decrease in light-shielding performance due to differences in time of day or season.

[0059] Figure 16 shows the shadows cast on the ground at solar noon in early, mid, and late July, in order to confirm the sun-blocking performance of a conventional sunshade block with a structure in which a tetrahedron is folded along its diagonal.

[0060] This conventional sunshade block is installed at an angle that maximizes the blocking of sunlight in early July. As shown in Figure 16(a), almost the entire area is in shade in early July, with almost no sunlight leakage. In contrast, as shown in Figure 16(b), the shaded area decreases in mid-July, and the area of ​​the dappled sunlight region γ expands accordingly. By late July, as shown in Figure 17(c), the area of ​​the dappled sunlight region γ expands even further, and the shaded area recedes.

[0061] On the other hand, Figure 17 shows the shading performance of a sunshade block formed using a curved circular member 50, and, as with the above, the shadows cast on the ground were photographed at the time of solar noon in early, mid, and late July.

[0062] In this case as well, even though the sunshade blocks were installed at an angle that maximized the blocking of sunlight in early July, as shown in Figures 17(b) and (c), it can be confirmed that the dappled sunlight area γ remained almost nonexistent even in mid- and late July, demonstrating the maintenance of high shading performance. Incidentally, the following curved circular member 50 was used in this experiment: Long axis: 56 mm Short axis: 37.5 mm Curve height: 18.8 mm

[0063] In the above example, the upright unit 70 and the inverted unit 77 are shown to be positioned and fixed horizontally with respect to the installation surface 81. However, the upright unit 70 and the inverted unit 77 can also be positioned and fixed at any angle of inclination with respect to the installation surface 81.

[0064] Figure 18 shows an example in which the upright unit 70 and the inverted unit 77 are placed on a movable plate 84 that is inclined at a predetermined angle and are fixed in place by screws or the like (not shown). The tip of the movable plate 84 is rotatably fixed to the base frame 83 via a hinge 85.

[0065] Multiple spacers 86 with a trapezoidal cross-section are positioned and fixed between the base frame 83 and the movable plate 84. Specifically, a first spacer 86a of relatively low height is positioned and fixed near the hinge 85, while a third spacer 86c of relatively high height is positioned and fixed towards the rear end of the movable plate. In addition, a second spacer 86b of medium height is positioned and fixed near the midpoint between the two spacers. The upper surface of each spacer 86 is inclined at an angle corresponding to the inclination angle of the movable plate 84. The presence of these spacers 86 maintains a constant inclination angle of the movable plate 84, but there are no particular limitations on the number or location of the spacers installed.

[0066] The inclination angle of the movable plate 84 can be easily adjusted by replacing each spacer 86 with one of a different height. Specifically, although not shown in the diagram, the inclination angle of the movable plate 84 can be increased by using spacers 86a to 86c that are each taller than the above. Conversely, the inclination angle of the movable plate 84 can also be reduced by replacing spacers 86a to 86c that are each shorter than the above.

[0067] In this way, by making the inclination angles of the upright unit 70 and the inverted unit 77 variable, one type of large block 54 (upright block 60 and inverted block 61) consisting of the same curved circular member 50 has the advantage of being able to accommodate different latitudes around the world. For example, when installing the sunshade 80 at a location directly under the equator, the angle of the movable plate 84 is lowered to a near-horizontal state. In contrast, when installing the sunshade 80 in Japan, located in the Northern Hemisphere, the inclination angle of the movable plate 84 is set to a larger value.

[0068] There are no particular limitations on the tilt angle of the movable plate 84, but for example, in the Northern Hemisphere, the tilt angle can be determined based on the following formula: ■Tilting angle of movable plate 84 = Latitude of installation site - 23.4 degrees (tilt of the Earth's axis) The angle obtained by this formula represents the tilt angle optimized for the sun's altitude at the installation site on the summer solstice. However, if you want to shift the sun's altitude that matches the maximum shielding angle of each sunshade component to a later date than the summer solstice, you can do so by returning it to the horizontal direction by about 8 degrees per month. However, returning it to the horizontal direction by more than 20 degrees is undesirable because it reduces the direct sunlight shielding rate on the summer solstice.

[0069] Furthermore, the tilting means for the upright unit 70 and the inverted unit 77 is not limited to the combination of "movable plate 84 + hinge 85 + base frame 83 + spacer 86" described above.

[0070] This is a perspective view showing the basic structural block. This is a plan view showing the basic structural block. This is a side view showing the basic structural block. This is an assembly drawing and plan view of a medium-sized block. This is an assembly drawing and plan view of a large block. This is a 3D image of an upright block. This is a 3D image of an upright block. This is a 3D image of an upright block. This is a 3D image of an inverted block. This is an assembly drawing of an upright unit. This is a plan view showing the formation process of an upright unit. This is an assembly drawing of an inverted unit. This is a plan view showing the formation process of an inverted unit. This is a side view showing a sunshade formed using the upright and inverted units. This is a plan view showing a sunshade formed using the upright and inverted units. This is a diagram showing the shading performance of sunlight by a conventional sunshade block. This is a diagram showing the shading performance of sunlight by a sunshade block according to this invention. This is a side view showing a sunshade in which an upright unit and an inverted unit are arranged and fixed on an inclined movable plate. This is a perspective view showing a conventional sunshade member. This is an enlarged perspective view of the basic elements of a conventional sunshade member. This is a perspective view showing a sunshade block that can be assembled using four conventional sunshade components.

[0071] 50 Curved circular member 51 Convex surface 52 Basic component block (sunshade member) 53 Medium-sized block 54 Large block 55 Perforated projection 56 Concave surface 57 Gap 60 Upright block 61 Inverted block 70 Upright unit 71 Vertical crossbar 72 Horizontal crossbar 73 Vertical leaf crossbar 74 First frame member 75 Second frame member 76 Horizontal leaf crossbar 77 Inverted unit 80 Sunshade 81 Installation surface 82 Legs 83 Foundation frame 84 Movable plate 85 Hinge 86 Spacer 86a First spacer 86b Second spacer 86c Third spacer

Claims

DEPCT641. The sunshade consists of: multiple sunshade sections arranged in alignment with the midpoint; multiple sunshade elements with multiple light-blocking surfaces and multiple 3D-arranged voids within it, constructed so that the voids appear to be primarily protected by the sequential light-blocking surfaces arranged behind them when observed from a given light-blocking angle; and the sunshade elements are constructed using multiple curved circular parts produced by bending circular or oval sheet material, arranged so that the sequential curves are aligned and the ends are joined together.

2. The sunshade according to claim 1, subsequently, consists of: multiple sunshade units constructed by assembling sunshade sections into frame material with sequential concave curves arranged in alignment with the midpoint; and a supporting structure supporting the sunshade units at a specified height from the ground.3.The sunshade under claim 1 shall consist of: several normal units formed by assembling several sunshade sections into the frame material with sequentially concave surfaces in the same alignment in the diagonal direction; several reversed units formed by assembling several sunshade sections in an inverted manner into the frame material; and a support structure supporting the normal and reversed units, respectively, at a specified height from the ground, with the normal and reversed units to be arranged alternately on the support structure. The sunshade under claim 2 or 3 shall consist of: the path of inclination for the installation and securing of the sunshade sections, respectively, between the frame material and the support structure at a specified relative angle to the ground.