UREA SOLUTION HEATING SYSTEM THAT UTILIZES EXHAUST GAS HEAT

Abstract

This invention relates to a system that prevents the urea solution used in the SCR catalyst (Self-Response Catalytic Reduction) system in diesel vehicles from freezing, or allows it to thaw by heating if frozen, using exhaust gas heat between approximately 200-600 °C. The invention is particularly concerned with offering a new alternative to the electrically-based heating method commonly used in existing vehicles, and with utilizing the heat from exhaust gases currently released into the atmosphere to increase engine efficiency and achieve a significant reduction in NOx emissions.

Description

6876.763 1 TARIFF UREA SOLUTION HEATING SYSTEM THAT UTILIZES EXHAUST GAS HEAT Technical Area This invention reduces NOx emissions by 5% in diesel vehicles, known as SCR catalysts. the urea solution used in the system that enables its reduction should not freeze or thawing by heating when frozen, exhaust gas between approximately 200-600 °C It is related to a system that provides heat by using it. Previous Tech 10 Diesel engines, by their nature, produce a gas called NOx as a combustion product. They cause the release of gas. This gas release occurs when the pressure and temperature inside the cylinder are very high. nitrogen present in the air absorbed from the atmosphere when it reaches this level It is formed as a result of the activation of the gas and its reaction with oxygen molecules. and is quite dangerous for the environment. For this reason, with the Euro 5 emission regulation, diesel 15 Vehicle emissions have been severely restricted. Companies are trying to meet these restrictions. They have developed various emission reduction systems. One of them is SCR. This is called Selective Catalytic Reduction, and it reduces the amount of NOx emitted from the engine. the decomposition of emissions by means of a catalyst located in the exhaust It is the system that provides. 20 As schematically shown in Figure 1, the SCR system can be briefly described as follows: is working: NOx molecules released from the cylinders pass through the exhaust manifold into the exhaust pipe. It is collected. Then the exhaust gas reaches the SCR system via the exhaust pipe. SCR 25 In the system, the gas contains trace amounts of NH3 before entering the catalyst and is Diesel. Adblue, also known as exhaust fluid, is sprayed. This fluid reduces NOx emissions. It undergoes a reduction reaction within the catalyst and is beneficial to the environment and human health. The harmful NOx gas is converted into N2 and H2O, which we breathe. 4𝑁𝐻 + 4𝑁𝑂 + 𝑂 → 4𝑁 + 6𝐻 𝑂 30 6876.763 2 As mentioned before, for this system to work, it needs to contain 𝑁𝐻 and A liquid known in the market as Adblue is required. AdBlue is a durable, colorless, It is an odorless, non-toxic, and non-flammable liquid. It conforms to DIN 70070 or ISO 22241-1 standards. It is produced according to standards. Diesel exhaust fluid containing 32.5% urea. (the remaining 67.5% is deionized water) a plastic 5 under the vehicle body It is stored in the reservoir. The liquid is transferred from the reservoir to the SCR system via a Urea Feed Pump. It is transported and injected into the exhaust gas by the SCR converter. The lowest The freezing point is -11 °C. If the vehicle is left in a place colder than this for a certain period of time... As a result of this, the liquid will freeze. The composition of the liquid towards the exhaust system For it to be injectable, its temperature must be above 0 °C. This 10 The process in most vehicles involves electrical components located on the urea pump complex and piping. This is achieved via heaters. For this process, the heaters are turned on while the vehicle is running. There is an energy input from the vehicle's electrical supply. However, from the inside... In a combustion engine, the heat from the exhaust gas is released directly into the atmosphere. Using this outgoing energy, the urea in the urea reservoir freezes or is frozen. 15 A system can be constructed for dissolving urea. The technical applications are known as US20130074479A1 and KR101028482B1. The documents state that frozen urea is present in the exhaust gases when the engine is first started. The discoveries that solved the problem are explained. 20 Brief Description of the Invention The purpose of the invention is to create a system where the stored urea concentration freezes. The process involves dissolving the urea and maintaining it at a specific temperature before injecting it into the SCR system. Another objective of the invention is to heat urea using a heating fluid rather than directly with exhaust gas. This is done using the system. Another purpose of the invention is to keep the exhaust gas away from the tank containing the urea solution. and thus compliance with global automotive safety requirements 30 It is a verification. 6876.763 3 Another aim of the invention is to avoid interfering with the natural flow path of exhaust gas and the high pressure difference that may occur and the resulting noise, engine to prevent undesirable events such as decreased performance and increased fuel consumption It is to be passed. 5 Another objective of the invention is to continuously maintain the urea temperature at a specified level using the described invention. Because of its ability to maintain a certain temperature, the SCR system improved performance and a noticeable reduction in NOx emissions. It is bringing. 10 Detailed Description of the Invention The "Exhaust Gas Heat Utilization" method was developed to achieve the purpose of this invention. The "Urea Solution Heating System" is shown in the attached figures; of these figures: Figure 1 – Schematic representation of the operation of the SCR system. 15 Figure 2 – Hydraulic and control system of the urea solution heating system, which is the subject of the invention. It is a schematic representation of the circuits. Figure 3 – Control circuit of the urea solution heating system, which is the subject of the invention. This is a schematic representation. Figure 4 – Hydraulic circuit of the urea solution heating system, which is the subject of the invention. This is a schematic representation. Figure 5 – Operating method of the urea solution heating system, which is the subject of the invention. This is a schematic representation of the algorithm flowchart. The parts in the figures are numbered and their corresponding parts are given below. 25 100. Urea solution heating system 1. Engine 2. First heat exchanger 3. Exhaust 4. SCR system 30 5. Urea injector 6876.763 4 6. Urea supply line 7. Urea feed pump 8. Second heat exchanger 9. Urea reservoir 10. Three-way flow control valve 5 11. Pressure sensor 12. Pressure sensor 13. Check valve 14. Temperature sensor 15. Control unit 10 16. Bypass line 17. Heating fluid line 18. Control line 19. Control line 20. Control line 15 21. Control line 22. Circulation pump The subject of the invention is a urea solution heating system (100) that utilizes exhaust gas heat, diesel 20 known as SCR catalysts in vehicles, they enable the reduction of NOx emissions. The system provides heating to prevent the urea solution used from freezing. - In an internal combustion engine that produces the power required for the movement of the vehicle (1) a system that allows the waste gases produced after combustion to be released into the environment. located at the exhaust (3) outlet and irregular combustion in the diesel engine (1) 25 The urea injected into it reduces the NOx emissions resulting from this process. by forming a reduction reaction with the solution in the air we breathe at least one containing an SCR catalyst that enables the conversion of nitrogen and water found. SCR system (4),  A urea reservoir containing a urea solution (9), 30 6876.763  The urea solution in the urea reservoir (9) is transferred to the SCR system (4) as a urea at least one that enables it to be transported to be sprayed by means of an injector (5). urea feed pump (7), - Integrated onto the exhaust (3) and without direct contact with the exhaust gas, The heat of the hot exhaust gases is transferred through a heating fluid inside. collecting at least one primary heat exchanger (2), - At least one device that pressurizes the heating fluid and enables it to circulate in the cycle. circulation pump (22), - Located inside the urea reservoir (9) and the temperature of the urea solution at least one temperature sensor detecting (14), 10 - Integrated into the urea reservoir (9) and containing the urea solution a second heat exchanger (8) that provides heating, - Through a control line (19) from the temperature sensor (14) According to the data received, the temperature of the urea solution in the urea tank (9) is 0 If the temperature is below °C, start the circulation pump (22) to 15 The heating fluid that collects heat through the first heat exchanger (2), a heater signal for transfer to the second heat exchanger (8) via the fluid line (17) sending at least one control unit (15), - According to the signal it receives from the control unit (15), the circulation pump (22) the moving heating fluid through the heating fluid line (17) to the second 20 primary heat exchanger (8) or via a bypass line (16) a three that provides routing to arrange the transfer to its changer (2) 10-way flow control valve - Between the first heat exchanger (2) and the second heat exchanger (8) the heating fluid a hydraulic circuit created by circulation, the heating fluid in a single (correct) 25 at least one check valve (13) that enables it to be directed in that direction, - Heater fluid pressure value data via bypass line (16) by collecting through a control line (18) to the control unit (15) enabling the three-way flow control valve (10) (to the bypass line (16) or to the heating fluid line (17) 30 (21) a control line (in order to determine the direction it is heading) 6876.763 6 a pressure that causes the control unit (15) to send a signal sensor (11), - Heat fluid pressure value data via heat fluid line (17) by collecting through a control line (20) to the control unit (15) enabling the sending of the three-way flow control valve (10) 5 (to the bypass line (16) or to the heating fluid line (17) (21) a control line (in order to determine the direction it is heading) a pressure that causes the control unit (15) to send a signal It includes the sensor (12). The invention described above is a urea solution heater that utilizes heat from exhaust gas. (100) working method of the system (1000); - Starting the vehicle (101) - Engine speed information from the engine control unit, which is an internal part of the vehicle. (102), - Checking if the engine speed is greater than the idle speed. (103) and if not greater than, return to step 101, - Temperature sensor (14) inside the urea reservoir (9) and urea solution determination of temperature (104), 20 - Check if the urea solution temperature is below 0 °C. (105), - Monitor if the urea solution temperature is below 0 °C. from the pressure sensor (12) on the heating fluid line (17) of the unit (15) The P1 value, which is the heating fluid pressure data, and the value obtained are 25. in the case where there is no flow on the previously taught line Comparison with static pressure (Pst) information (110), - If P1 is equal to or less than the static pressure (Pst), the control unit (15) sending the necessary signal for the pump (22) to work, (111) then the control unit (15) three-way flow control valve (10) heater 30 the flow of the fluid in such a way as to allow flow in the direction of the heating fluid line (17) 6876.763 7 transmitting a signal for the regulation of its direction (112) and step number 102 return - the pressure (P1) read on the heating fluid line (17) is higher than the static pressure (Pst) If it is too large, return to step 104. - Control 5 if the urea solution temperature is equal to or greater than 0 °C. from the pressure sensor (11) on the bypass line (16) of the unit (15) heater fluid pressure data P2 value and heating fluid line (17) P1 is the heating fluid pressure data from the pressure sensor (12) on it. taking the value (106), - If the pressure P1 is greater than the pressure P2, the control unit will activate at 10. (15) send the necessary signal to stop the pump (22) (113) and ambient temperature from the ambient temperature sensor, which is an internal part of the vehicle (114) - Comparison of ambient temperature with 0 °C (115) and ambient temperature 0 If greater than or equal to °C, proceed to step 114, if less than 15 If this happens, return to step 102. - Check if pressure P1 is less than or equal to pressure P2. unit (15) three-way flow control valve (10) heating fluid bypass Arrangement of the flow direction to allow flow in the direction of line (16) transmitting the signal (108) and returning to step 102 20 It includes the steps. The subject of the invention is a urea solution heating system (100), for the first internal combustion engine (1). It is activated by its operation. First, the control unit (15), urea tank (9) 25 Information about the temperature of the urea solution from the temperature sensor (14) inside It is taken into consideration. If the urea solution temperature is below 0 °C, control is required. unit (15) instantaneous pressure sensor (12) located on the heating fluid line (17) receives the pressure information (P1), then the control unit (15) receives the pressure information (P1) Pressure information (Pst) 30 in the case where there is no flow on the taught line. It compares this value with that. 6876.763 8 If the pressure P1 is greater than the pressure Pst, the control unit (15) It is understood that the circuit is open in the direction of line number 17. The pressure P1 is Pst If the pressure is equal to or less than the heating fluid line (17) The conclusion is that there is no flow and therefore the pump (22) is not working. It is extracted. According to this result, the control unit (15) is in the circuit to circulate the fluid. For this purpose, it sends the necessary signal to start the pump (22). Then, to direct the flow into the heating fluid line (17), a three-way flow control was used. three-way flow control valve sends the necessary signal to the control valve (10). By adjusting position (10), the fluid flows in the direction of the heating fluid line (17) 10 It allows circulation. Heat fluid through the heat fluid line (17) It reaches the second heat exchanger (8) and urea heating is thus provided. is happening. While this cycle continues, the control unit (15) checks whether the motor (1) is still running. To find out if it's not working, check the engine control unit, which is an internal part of the vehicle. It receives the engine speed information. And the urea temperature located inside the urea tank (9). It receives the temperature from the temperature sensor (14). This cycle continues until the urea temperature is equal to 0 °C. It continues until the urea temperature reaches 0 °C, Control Unit (15), Pressure sensors located on the bypass line (16) and the heating fluid line (17) 20 The control unit (15) receives pressure information via (11, 12) and these pressures It compares. The pressure value P1 on the heating fluid line (17) is the by-pass line If the pressure value on it is greater than the P2 value, the control unit (15) 25 pump (22) is working and the fluid is circulating through the heating fluid line (17) to conclude that it is circulating and that the pump (22) needs to stop working It is sending a signal. Even though the urea temperature has been raised to 0°C, the ambient temperature may still be below zero. This 30 If the system does not provide feedback in this situation, the urea temperature will drop below zero again. 6876.763 9 To prevent this, after the pump (22) is switched off, the Control unit (15) of the vehicle It obtains ambient temperature data from its built-in ambient temperature sensor. It is receiving. If the ambient temperature is below zero, the engine (1) continues to run. 5 To understand whether the control unit (15) is still running the motor (1) For this, the motor (1) receives the necessary speed information from the control unit (15) and compares This is done, then the urea temperature is checked, and while the urea temperature is still below zero... If it hasn't dropped below that level, the pressures are checked again. The pump has stopped. Therefore, the pressure value P1 on the heating fluid line (17) is by-pass 10 Therefore, the pressure value on the line cannot be greater than P2. control unit (15) position of three-way flow control valve (10) by-pass line (16) changes direction and the process starts again. The subject of the invention is a urea solution heating system that uses exhaust gas heat (100), 15 urea is injected into the exhaust gas passing through it by means of a urea injector (5) feeding the SCR system (4) into which it is sprayed via a urea feed line (6) The urea solution in the urea tank (9) must always be kept within an ideal temperature range. The SCR catalyst, located in the SCR system (4), ensures that the exhaust is retained. located on the system and used in diesel engine vehicles, and NOx 20 which helps to reduce emissions and irregular combustion in the diesel engine (1) NOx emissions that occur are absorbed by a urea solution that is injected into it. by forming a reduction reaction, it reduces the nitrogen and water found in the air we breathe. It transforms. The urea solution in the urea reservoir (9) transitions from solid phase to liquid phase. to pass through or to maintain the temperature of the urea solution at a specific value, urea urea supply line (6) that provides flow from the reservoir (9) to the SCR system (4). heating of the urea fed into a centrifugal type urea feed pump (7) There is a second heat exchanger (8) which provides. The subject of the invention is 30 years of age. This second heat exchanger is a point where it particularly differs from the known situation. 6876.763 (8), uses energy for heating in a way different from traditional applications. from the heat already present in the exhaust gas, not from an electric heating system It receives this heat not directly through the exhaust (3), but integrated into the exhaust (3). a primary heat exchanger (2) and a secondary heat exchanger with primary heat exchanger (2) heat transfer between exchangers (8) is done by a fluid. 5 is being realized. Within the scope of the invention, the fluid in question in liquid form... for the purpose of transfer between the primary heat exchanger (2) and the secondary heat exchanger (8) a hydraulic circuit is created and the fluid flows through this hydraulic circuit. In order to overcome the resulting pressure losses, a circulation pump (22) a check valve (13) for the correct direction of fluid flow in the system and flow rate and flow direction 10 A three-way flow control valve (10) is positioned for its regulation. Thus, the hydraulic circuit of the system is completed. The subject of the invention is a urea solution heating system that uses exhaust gas heat (100) 15 on the hydraulic circuit to ensure it can operate at the desired performance under specific conditions. It has an integrated control circuit. In the control circuit, the line three-way flow control valve (10) for measuring fluid pressures on it; to a heating fluid line (17) where the fluid is transported to the second heat exchanger (8) a secondary pressure sensor (12) placed at the outlet and the fluid bypassed The other 20 goes to a bypass line (16) to which it is returned to the primary heat exchanger (2). a primary pressure sensor (11) placed at its outlet for data collection purposes It is used. The primary function of the bypass line (16) is to remove a portion of the fluid flow. by bypassing directly to the first heat exchanger (2) the system remains stable its primary function is to provide fluid flow, and its secondary function is to bypass the flow in extreme situations. The purpose is to protect the pump (22). Also in the control circuit, the urea tank (9) 25 the instantaneous determination of the temperature of the urea solution inside and accordingly a temperature sensor (14) is required to adjust the system's performance depending on the temperature. It is located inside the urea reservoir (9). The processing of the detected data and Control for regulating the direction and flow rate of fluid in a hydraulic circuit. There is a control unit (15) on the circuit. 30 6876.763 11 The subject of the invention is a urea solution heating system (100), for the first internal combustion engine (1). It is activated by its operation. First, the control unit (15), urea reservoir (9) Information about the temperature of the urea solution from the temperature sensor (14) inside It is taken into consideration. If the urea solution temperature is below 0 °C, control is required. unit (15) three-way flow control valve (10) outlet to heating fluid line (17) 5 to direct and to provide the movement of the fluid, the circulation pump (22) It operates. Thus, the heat generated from the exhaust (3) is transferred to the primary heat exchanger (2). The fluid collected from it is set in motion by means of the circulation pump (22), proceeding through the three-way flow control valve (10) to the heating fluid line (17) and comes to the second heat exchanger (8) inside the urea tank (9) and transfers the heat it carries to 10 It heats the urea solution by transferring it. If the instantaneous temperature data received from the temperature sensor (14) rises above 0 °C - or if the initially detected value is above 0 °C - the hydraulic circuit is in bypass mode. In this case, the control unit (15) is passed through the three-way flow control valve 15 (10) passes its outlet from the heating fluid line (17) to the bypass line (16) and the first urea containing fluid urea solution that collects heat energy from the heat exchanger (2) It is returned to the first heat exchanger (2) without being directed to the reservoir (9). In the current system, temperatures will not reach very high levels. by considering and absorbing the rising temperature and pressure within the system itself 20 It was anticipated that this would be possible. However, an additional expansion tank could be added to the system. Safety can be ensured. For example, the engine cooling system also uses the same principle. It uses a temperature sensor (14) to collect instantaneous data of the urea solution. If the temperature of the exhaust gas falls below 0 °C, the heat of the exhaust gas covered by the invention... 25 The urea solution used in the heating system (100) was removed from the bypass condition. the control unit (15) redirects the flow direction of the fluid to the heater fluid line (17) The urea solution is reheated by turning it over. The subject of the invention is a urea solution heating system that uses exhaust gas heat (100), The hydraulic circuit is kept constantly ready through real-time monitoring of the control circuit, and urea 30 By evaluating temperature data obtained from the solution and the environment, urea 6876.763 12 The temperature is kept constantly constant. The purpose of the invention is to store urea in the vehicle. thawing in cases where the concentration has frozen and injecting it into the SCR system The goal is to keep urea at a specific temperature. The main differences and advantages of the invention: 5  Heating of urea is done not directly with exhaust gas but with a heating fluid cycle. done using,  The exhaust gas should be kept away from the tank containing the urea solution, and this In this way, it ensures compliance with global automotive safety requirements,  The natural flow of exhaust gas should not be interfered with, and the resulting 10 the high pressure difference that can occur and the resulting noise, engine undesirable events such as decreased performance and increased fuel consumption the fact that it has been prevented  Thanks to the ability to continuously maintain the urea temperature at a specific temperature, Improving the performance of the SCR system and noticeably reducing N&D emissions. to cause a decrease

Claims

6876.763 13 REQUESTS 1. The subject of the invention is a urea solution heating system using exhaust gas heat (100), In diesel vehicles, it is known as an SCR catalyst, which reduces NOx emissions. The urea solution used in the system that enables the reduction should not freeze. 5 It provides heating for, - in an internal combustion engine that produces the power required for the movement of the vehicle (1) a system that allows the waste gases produced after combustion to be released into the environment. located at the exhaust (3) outlet and irregular in the diesel engine (1) NOx emissions resulting from combustion are injected into it. by forming a reduction reaction with a urea solution, the air we breathe containing an SCR catalyst that enables the conversion of nitrogen and water found in the air. at least one SCR system (4), - a urea reservoir containing a urea solution (9),  The urea solution in the urea reservoir (9) is added to the SCR system (4) as a urea 15 at least that which enables it to be transported to be sprayed by means of the injector (5) It includes a urea feed pump (7) and, - integrated onto the exhaust (3) and in direct contact with the exhaust gas without, the hot exhaust passes through a heating fluid inside. at least one primary heat exchanger collecting the heat of the gases (2), 20 - at least one that pressurizes the heating fluid and enables it to circulate in the circuit. circulation pump (22), - located inside the urea reservoir (9) and the urea solution at least one temperature sensor that detects its temperature (14), - integrated into the urea reservoir (9) and containing 25 urea solution a second heat exchanger (8) that provides heating, - data received from the temperature sensor (14) via a control line (19) According to, the temperature of the urea solution in the urea tank (9) is below 0 °C. If this happens, start the circulation pump (22) to heat the first heating fluid collecting heat through the heat exchanger (2), a heating fluid 30 6876.763 14 signal to be carried to the second heat exchanger (8) via line (17) The sender is characterized by having at least one control unit (15).

2. According to the signal it receives from the control unit (15), the circulation pump (22) the moving heating fluid through the heating fluid line (17) to the second 5 primary heat exchanger (8) or via a bypass line (16) a three that provides routing to arrange the transfer to its changer (2) Claim 1 is characterized by containing a two-way flow control valve (10). urea solution heating system that uses exhaust gas heat (100).

3. Heating fluid between the first heat exchanger (2) and the second heat exchanger (8) In a hydraulic circuit created by circulation, the heating fluid flows in only one direction. It is characterized by containing at least one check valve (13) which enables its redirection. A urea solution heater that uses exhaust gas heat, as stated in Claim 1. system (100). 15 4. Collecting the pressure value data of the heating fluid through the bypass line (16) as in Claim 1, characterized by containing a pressure sensor (11). Urea solution heating system using exhaust gas heat (100).

5. Heat fluid pressure value data via heat fluid line (17) The claim is characterized by containing a pressure sensor (12) that collects pressure. Urea solution heating system using exhaust gas heat as in 1 (100).

6. The heat of an exhaust gas, as in any of the above requirements, is 25 Working method of the heating system (100) using urea solution (1000); - Starting the vehicle (101) - engine speed from the engine control unit, which is an internal part of the vehicle. obtaining information (102), - Check if the engine speed is greater than the idle speed. 30 (103) and if not large, return to step 101, 6876.763 - temperature sensor (14) inside urea reservoir (9) and urea solution determination of temperature (104), - Check if the urea solution temperature is below 0 °C. (105), - If the urea solution temperature is below 0 °C, control 5 from the pressure sensor on the heating fluid line (17) of the unit (15) (12) the value of P1, which is the heating fluid pressure data, and the value obtained there was no flow on the previously taught line Comparison with the static pressure (Pst) information in the situation (110), - If P1 is equal to or less than the static pressure (Pst), control 10 the signal required for the operation of the unit (15) pump (22) sending, (111) then the control unit (15) three-way flow heat fluid to the controlled valve (10) in the direction of the heat fluid line (17) signal to regulate the flow direction in a way that allows flow. transmitting (112) and returning to step 102, 15 - the pressure (P1) read on the heating fluid line (17) is greater than the static pressure. If (Pst) is greater than, return to step 104. - if the urea solution temperature is equal to or greater than 0 °C from the pressure sensor on the bypass line (16) of the control unit (15) (11) P2 value, which is the heating fluid pressure data and heating fluid line 20 Heater fluid pressure data from the pressure sensor on (17) (12) Taking the P1 value (106), - If pressure P1 is greater than pressure P2, check the signal required for stopping the pump (22) of the unit (15) sending (113) and ambient temperature 25 which is an internal part of the vehicle Obtaining ambient temperature information from the sensor (114) - Comparison of ambient temperature with 0 °C (115) and ambient temperature If it is greater than or equal to 0 °C, proceed to step 114. If it is too small, return to step 102. - If pressure P1 is less than or equal to pressure P2, check 30 unit (15) three-way flow control valve (10) heating fluid by- 6876.763 16 flow direction to allow flow in the direction of pass line (16) transmitting a signal for regulation (108) and returning to step 102 return It includes the steps.

Images