A filler concrete product containing waste materials as aggregate raw material.

Abstract

The invention relates to a fill concrete product containing waste material from the extraction and / or processing of chromite mines, which does not contain ore and cannot be economically enriched, as aggregate raw material.

Description

1 TARIFF A FILL CONTAINING WASTE MATERIALS AS AGGREGATE RAW MATERIAL. CONCRETE PRODUCT TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to chromite ores produced during extraction and / or processing. waste that does not contain mineralization and cannot be economically enriched 10 (also referred to as gang) materials containing aggregate raw materials. It relates to a filler concrete product. PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE Concrete consists of cement, natural or artificial aggregates, water, and, if necessary, chemical or mineral additives. a compound made by mixing additives and gaining strength through the hydration of cement It is a material. These components are mixed to obtain a homogeneous mass. Then this The mixture is poured into molds to take the desired shape, and then left to harden for a while. It is left to harden. After hardening, the concrete has high strength, durability and a long service life. It becomes a building material with properties such as these. 20 In mining, filling refers to the process of partially or completely filling an area opened for production, either manually or by gravity. It is the process of filling using mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic tools. Filling in the world The development of this technology and the efforts to benefit from it have been a major focus over the last twenty years. The mining sector has made progress. 25% of the large open-pit mining areas underground have been producing goods. He is particularly interested in this technology related to filling. Prepared for this purpose. Concrete that has been used in this way is called filler concrete. Filler concrete formulations generally consist of cement and aggregate. It consists of aggregate and water components. In fill concrete, there is generally a variation in the aggregate used. is happening. Aggregates are classified into two categories based on their source: natural aggregates and artificial aggregates. It originates from... Artificial aggregates; exposed to high temperatures as a result of industrial processes. These are crushed or uncrushed aggregates that emerge as residual byproducts. Industrial product. These aggregates include blast furnace slag, fly ash aggregate, expanded perlite, and Expanded clay is an artificial aggregate. Natural aggregates, on the other hand, are found in streams, rivers, lakes, plains, and the sea. 35 obtained from natural resources such as beds, quarries or mines They are being done. 2 Chromium (Cr) is a hard, bluish metallic element. The mineral chromite is known in the technical sense. It is the sole source of chromium. According to geologists, the world's recoverable chromite ore reserves, The current amount is enough to meet the demand for hundreds of years, and is around 11 billion tons. It is estimated that it is mainly used in the production of stainless steel and other metal alloys. It is used. 5 During the extraction process of chromite ore, materials called tailings (gang) are produced. Gang material is produced. Gang material is material that does not contain ore or is not economically viable. and which cannot be enriched according to technical specifications, but must be produced due to operational requirements. mandatory material and not subjected to any processing other than excavation or 10 It is defined as a material. Ferrochrome production facilities and marble quarries. businesses, mining branches where waste material is generated in considerable quantities as a waste product It is at the forefront. Storing materials of this size requires very large areas. It may be necessary. These areas should be analyzed in accordance with the relevant legislation. It is regularly monitored along with activity reports and the business license expires on 15 If this happens, the transportation of the waste materials must be completed within six months at the latest. This is a requirement stipulated by the relevant legislation. Considering these factors, the rust... The waste remains and occupies space in the mining area; it needs to be replaced. This can lead to problems such as increased costs. In this respect, waste materials... Its evaluation is an important resource in today's world where natural aggregates are becoming increasingly scarce. It stands out. In the relevant technical field, waste obtained during the extraction of chromium from chromite mines. research into the use of materials as raw materials in value-added products and It is anticipated that its development will meet the innovation criterion. 25 A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The current inventors propose that waste materials obtained from chromite mines can be recycled. It suggests that it should be researched and developed as a raw material to be used. 30 This is especially relevant regarding its use as aggregate raw material in fill concrete products. It aims to present technical teachings. Accordingly, the primary objective of the present invention is the enrichment of chromite ores or A fill concrete containing waste materials generated during the processing operations was formed. 35 to place. 3 Another secondary objective that will be achieved by accomplishing this is to store materials that are difficult to store and By recovering costly waste materials, a value-added product is created. The aim is to prevent these technical problems by taking action. Another secondary objective is the use of waste materials as aggregate raw material. 5 The aim is to reduce the cost of filler concrete products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1 shows the representation of the values ​​related to the strength of the fill concrete. 10 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This detailed description concerns the extraction and / or processing of chromite ores, which is the subject of the invention. formed during the process, does not contain mineralization and is economically 15 Waste materials that cannot be enriched as aggregate raw materials This relates to a filler concrete product and is intended solely for better understanding of the subject. This is explained with examples that will not create any limiting effects. In the relevant technical field, the ability of a material to be used as aggregate and the final product to be filler 20 concrete must contain certain components in order to provide it with the expected technical properties. It is known that these components are necessary. The most important of these components are MgO, SiO2, and Al2O3. It is also clear that these must be in certain weight ratios. Therefore... whether the raw materials to be used as aggregate contain these components These need to be investigated. In technology, why these components will be used as aggregates is 25. Technical instructions regarding its presence in raw materials are known to experts. This Therefore, the inclusion of these components as aggregate raw materials... The technical solutions and advantages they provide are not mentioned. According to this, the current inventors use chromite 30 as an aggregate raw material for fill concretes. mineralization that occurs during the extraction of chromium ores from mines waste materials that are not economically viable and cannot be enriched It recommends its use. The present inventors have proposed 35 chromite ore waste for the relevant technical field. some technical specifications of the materials and their usability as aggregate raw materials They have tried to prove it through tests. 4 First, the suitability of waste materials for use as aggregate material. To determine this, elemental analysis is performed as shown in Table 1. Element Mg Al Si S Cl K Ca Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Zn Ba By weight % 40, 36 0.64 38.06 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.82 1.07 0.26 17.67 0.03 0.85 0.02 0.11 Table 1. Elemental analysis of the sample waste material discussed in the invention. 5 In the use of the concrete filler product, which is the subject of the invention, as aggregate material. It contains 30% to 40% SiO2 by weight, and 30% to 45% by weight. It contains MgO within a range of values. With these values, the filler that is the subject of the present invention The use of this product as an aggregate material has been proven through tests. 10 One of the technical problems encountered in the previous technique is the expansion problem. (See Table 2) The results of the Alkali-Silica Reactivity (ARS) test are given in Table 2. The average determined when the samples were kept in an 80°C, 1M NaOH solution for 14 days. Expansion values ​​are given. The 15°C difference between 20°C and 80°C in the samples... Thermal expansion is reduced. The fine aggregate and CEM II 42.5 bulk material used in the experiment. Mortar bars produced according to standard with cement obtained in 14 days The expansion value is less than the 0.10% limit value recommended for the ASTM C1260 Test Method. Therefore, the existing experiment on the fine aggregate-cement mixture used in these experiments It appears that there is no potential expansion problem for these conditions. This result is for 20 This shows that the material is suitable for use as aggregate. Aggregate Code 14-Day Average Expansion, % ASR Open Fireplace 1.2 0.007 NO Open Fireplace 1.2 0.008 NO Eastern Mechanized 0.003 NO Table 2. Alkali-Silica Reactivity (ASR) test results of the waste materials discussed in the invention. results. 25 TESTS Table 3 was used to examine the suitability of the waste material as aggregate. Water absorption and porosity tests of aggregate (0-4 mm) and coarse aggregate (4-50 mm) are listed in Table 4. It is receiving. The studies detailed in the following rows were used to obtain the data in Table 3. This is carried out according to TS EN 1097-6 for fine aggregate water absorption and porosity tests. The AASHTO T84 and ASTMC 128 standards were used. The procedure for the experiment described in Table 3 is as follows. The steps are as follows: - A 1000 gr test sample is prepared. - Add enough water to cover the sample in the tray. - It is left to soak in water for 24 hours. Excess water is drained from the tray. - Samples are surface-dry water saturated (SWW) using a hot air source. This The weight is then measured and the YKD weight is obtained. The aforementioned YKD is calculated using the cone method as 10 It is determined. - The cone is compressed into the mold in 3 layers, with 25 strokes each time. It is turned upside down. The pile is divided in two with a thin-section trowel. - If the sample remains stable, continue drying. If the sample relaxes, YKD condition has been met. 15 Calculations used during experimental studies: ∑ The empty weight of the pycnometer is determined. A=MP ∑ Water is added up to the pycnometer line and its weight is determined. B=MP+S ∑ Samples are placed in the pycnometer and weighed. C=MP+A 20 ∑ Water is added to the sample and weighed. D=MP+A+S ∑ The sample is placed on a tray, dried at 110 ℃, and weighed. E=Mdry SGvisible= , SGdry= , 25 SGykd= , Water Absorption = *100 Using the described experimental processes and calculations, the waste material is converted into fine aggregate. Water absorption test results for (1-4 mm) are given in Table 3. 30 6 Conclusion MP 253.3 (g) SGapparent = 2.756 MP+S 1246.8 (gr) SGdry= 2.441 MP+A 1278.5 (gr) SGykd= 2.555 MP+A+S 1870.8 (gr) Water Absorption= 100=4.69% 4.69% Mkuru 979.3 (gr) Table 3. Water absorption and porosity test values ​​of waste materials with (1-4 mm) dimensions. The studies detailed in the following rows were used to obtain the data in Table 4. This is carried out according to TS EN 1097-6 for fine aggregate water absorption and porosity tests. The AASHTO T85 and ASTMC 128 standards were used. The procedure for the experiment described in Table 4 is as follows. The steps are as follows: - 1000 gr of test sample is prepared. 10 - The sample in the tray is left to soak in water for 24 hours, with the water level slightly above the sample level. - Samples extracted from the water are converted into hydrocarbons using air. - Weighing is performed and the YKD weight is obtained. (Mykd) - Samples are placed in a wire basket and immersed in a bucket filled with water, leaving 5 cm of water at the top. The weight is taken. (Msuda) 15 - Dried in an oven at 110°C. (Mkuru) Calculations used during experimental studies: SGvisible= , SGdry= , 20 SGykd= , Water Absorption = *100 Using the described experimental processes and calculations, the waste material can be converted into coarse aggregate (4- Water absorption test results for 50 mm are given in Table 4. 25 The water absorption capacity of the aggregate is important for material mix calculations. Additionally... The water absorption capacity of aggregates plays a significant role in the durability of concrete. In aggregates with high absorption capacity, water can easily penetrate into the pores. 7 And in cold weather, water that fills the pores can freeze and expand, leading to cracks. It opens. Conclusion Mykd 1000.8 (gr) SGapparent = 2.982 Msuda 655.2 (gr) SGdry = 2.852 Mkuru 985.8 (gr) SGykd= 2.896 Water Absorption = 100 = 4.69% 1.52% % Porosity = % Water Absorption x SGdry 4.34% Table 4. Water absorption and porosity test values ​​of waste materials with dimensions (4-50 mm). 5 The water absorption capacity of the aggregate is important for material mix calculations. Additionally... The water absorption capacity of aggregates plays a significant role in the durability of concrete. In aggregates with high absorption capacity, water can easily penetrate into the pores. And in cold weather, water that fills the pores can freeze and expand, leading to cracks. This is opening up. Water absorption and porosity tests conducted show that the waste material is present in the fill concrete. This indicates that it is suitable for use as aggregate. The experiment on the waste material that is the subject of the invention involves a methylene blue test. The main part of this experiment... The purpose is to determine the amount of clay and silt in the aggregate mixture. Because clay and silt are 15 Excessive amounts of undesirable components in the aggregate can reduce the strength of the concrete. This is the case. Clay and silt are materials that absorb methylene blue. Clay and silt in the mixture If the quantity is higher, then the amount of methylene blue used is also higher. Experiments have been conducted. As a result, waste material is suitable for use as aggregate, unlike undesirable materials such as clay and slit. This indicates that the structures are not present. 20 Gradation (granulometry) refers to the distribution of particles according to their size within an aggregate pile. It is stated that, as can be seen from the gradation curves given in the figure, the samples It is observed that the gradation curves are close to the thickness limit. The desired properties in the infill concrete... The gradation curve is desired to be between the ideal and the thickness limit. Because it is subjected to a load of 25 The required strength values ​​for the fill concrete used in these areas are within these ranges. It is observed that this occurs in samples with gradation. Obtained at this stage The gradation curves appear to be suitable for experiments conducted under process conditions. 8 The values ​​given in Figure 1 show the strength of the resulting fill concrete. The compressive strength of concrete is the maximum strength a concrete exhibits without fracturing under axial load. It is high mechanical strength. The most researched topic in concrete is its compressive strength. It is the strength. For concrete, the important thing is compressive strength and stress under compression. It is a deformation relationship. The compressive strength of concrete is a function that changes over time, and the last 5 It acquires its strength over the years. Considering the expected strength values ​​from fill concrete... When obtained, the uniaxial compressive strength value lower and upper limits are 3 MPa-5 MPa for 7 days; 14 Daily values ​​of 5 MPa-10 MPa and 28-day values ​​of 6 MPa-12 MPa are obtained. values ​​and uniaxial strength properties of waste material used as aggregate Because the aggregate content in fill concrete is within acceptable limits and even exceeds them, 10 It has been determined that its use is appropriate. Thus, in these experimental studies... It appears that the required strength from the fill concrete has been achieved. The concrete filler product that is the subject of the invention contains a value between 55% and 90% by weight. During the extraction of chromium ores from chromite mines as aggregate raw material, 15 emerging, non-mineralized and economically viable It includes materials that are not part of the pass material. The reason for choosing these values ​​is the final The product should have high durability and ease of application values, and its costs should be reasonable. It is the fact that. The scope of protection of the invention is specified in the claims attached hereto, and these details are strictly adhered to. The explanation cannot be limited to those given for illustrative purposes. Because a technically skilled person... the person, without deviating from the main theme of the invention, in light of what has been described above, similar It is clear that these structures can emerge.

Claims

9 REQUESTS 1. The invention relates to materials produced during the extraction and / or processing of chromite ores. non-mineralized and economically viable a fill concrete containing non-waste materials as aggregate raw material 5 product.

2. A filler concrete product conforming to Claim 1, whose characteristic is that it contains 55% to 100% by weight. Chromium from chromite mines is used as aggregate raw material at a rate of around 90%. non-mineralized material produced during the extraction of ores and 10 waste materials that cannot be economically enriched It includes.

3. A filler concrete product that conforms to one of the previous requirements and whose characteristic is; produced during the extraction of chromium ores from chromite mines, 15 non-mineralized and economically viable non-waste materials contain between 30% and 40% by weight. This means that the SiO2 content should be between 30% and 45% MgO by weight.

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