THE USE OF DIATOMITE AS A PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING ADDITIVE IN ASPHALT PAVEMENTS

Abstract

This invention relates to asphalt pavements modified with diatomite of different sizes and inclusion ratios for improving the mechanical properties of asphalt pavements.

Description

1 TARIFF AS A PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING ADDITIVE IN ASPHALT PAVEMENTS THE USE OF DIATOMITE TECHNICAL AREA 5 The invention relates to diatomite-modified asphalt pavements and diatomite additives in varying ratios and with its overall performance on asphalt pavement when used at different grinding sizes It is related. PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE 10 The majority of transportation activities are carried out via roads. Asphalt mixtures are the most commonly used construction material in road paving. Increased stresses in coatings, shorter load cycle times, and improved binder quality. Due to the declines in demand, modification of asphalt mixtures has become almost mandatory today. Polymers, filler materials, and fibers are among the 15 materials used in modifying asphalt mixtures. The materials can be used as additives. Filler type additives are generally added to asphalt mixtures using two different methods. They can participate. In the first method, called the wet method, filler additives are used. First, it is added to the bituminous binder, then the aggregate is mixed with modified bitumen. In the second method, called the dry method, the additive is directly mixed with the aggregate. It is added to the mixture. The two methods differ in terms of final asphalt mix performance. a significant difference for added rates considerably lower than the appropriate normal usage rate It is believed that it is not present. Diatomite is a low-cost, easy-to-produce material that does not cause environmental pollution. It is a mineral. Türkiye has the third largest diatomite reserves after America and China. 25 Diatomite's distinctive properties include its use in paint production, as well as in liquid filtration and volumetric processing. Various industrial applications, along with primary applications serving as an enhancing agent. This has led to its adoption in various uses. Furthermore, diatomite is used in insulation, especially in fire resistance. in durable brick production and fine abrasives such as toothpaste and various polishing products. It has been used in applications. 30 Patent application number CN113213817A describes a diatomite-modified asphalt mixture. During the preparation process, some mixtures contain special polymer fibers, while others contain lignocellulose fibers. It has been used. In the use of special polymer fibers compared to lignocellulose fibers, water damage is reduced. It showed 1.1 times more resistance and the high performance of diatomite modified asphalt mix 2 temperature resistance, water damage resistance and low temperature cracking resistance of SiO2 in diatomite It is stated that its content has increased continuously. Application number CN102219442A concerns the construction of diatomite modified asphalt pavements. It relates to the process. Diatomite modified asphalt pavement consists of 4-5 parts asphalt and diatomite by weight. It contains 95-96 parts aggregate. Diatomite is 12-5% of the weight of asphalt and diatomite. It was mentioned that it should be between 15%. The diatomite content is 15% under specific conditions. It can only be taken as a maximum rate. Application number CN105907115A concerns diatomite asphalt with a particle size of 5-22 µm. produced using diatomite modified asphalt at a rate of 15% of its mass. It is mentioned that when asphalt cement is modified with diatomite, its softening point is reduced to 10. and because high temperature performance is improved, temperature sensitivity is reduced, and It is stated that the adhesion of asphalt to aggregate is increased. Furthermore, modified asphalt... It is mentioned that its water resistance has increased and its resistance to aging has improved. is being done. THE PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION The current inventions involve different diatomite grinding sizes and different applications in asphalt pavements. Research that includes a comparison of usage rates is extremely limited. Bitumen and aggregates used in asphalt mixtures are particularly susceptible to repeated traffic loads. These materials are sensitive to loading time and temperature. Therefore, road transport 20 coatings may wear out sooner than their calculated service life for various reasons. It can deteriorate. The primary way to prevent this deterioration is to engineer the mixture. It is the improvement of its properties by using additives. In the literature, diatomite modification has been shown to improve the performance of asphalt mixtures. Its potential has been demonstrated in many studies. However, these studies differ in that diatomite 25 The level of differentiation between types is considered limited. Selected diatomite grinding. the effect of dimensions and inclusion ratios on the performance of asphalt mix There are no patents. The structural and characteristic features and all the advantages of the invention are given in the figures below. And thanks to the detailed explanation written with references to these figures, it becomes clearer. 30 This will be understood. Therefore, the evaluation should take these figures and detailed explanations into account. It must be done by taking it. 3 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 – Perspective view of a high-speed shear mixer. Figure 2 – Laboratory type oven Figure 3 – Indirect tensile strength of control and diatomite asphalt mixtures at 0 °C. test results 5 Figure 4 – Unconditioned control and diatomite modified asphalt mixtures at 25 °C indirect tensile strength test results Figure 5 – Conditioned control and diatomite modified asphalt mixtures at 25 °C indirect tensile strength test results Figure 6 – Tensile strength ratios of control and diatomite modified asphalt mixtures 10 Figure 7 – Conditioned control and 5% diatomite modified asphalt mixtures deformation curves Figure 8 – Conditioned control and 10% diatomite modified asphalt mixtures deformation curves Figure 9 – Conditioned control and 15% diatomite modified asphalt mixtures 15 deformation curves EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES Table 1 – Gradation curves of diatomite additives Table 2 – Penetration and softening points of control and diatomite-modified bitumens. test results Explanation of References in Figures (1) : Command screen of the high-speed shear mixer (2) : The knob on which the revolutions per minute (rpm) of the device is adjusted is 25 (3) : Upward movement button (4) : Downward movement button (5) : Mixer mill (6) : Adjustable mini heater (7) : Heater screen 30 (8) : Heater temperature adjustment knob (9) : Oven screen (10) : Glass beaker (11) : Steel door 4 (12) : Marshall sample molds (13) : Steel shovel DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the use of diatomite as an additive in asphalt mixtures. By considering diatomite size and inclusion rate together, originality is ensured. The current Patents usually only consider the addition rate of diatomite or the size of the diatomite. It has been obtained. However, the effectiveness is increased when the ratio of diatomite additive to the asphalt mixture is changed. The grinding size also varies. High-speed shear mixer (Figure 1); display screen (1), speed setting 10 button (2), button to move the device up (3), button to move it down The device consists of a button (4) and mixer blades (5). Hot bitumen is added externally to the bottom of the device. A mini heater (6) is installed for holding purposes. The mini heater has an indicator panel (7) and a heat setting. There is a button (8). Laboratory type oven for bitumen modification (Figure 2) After the glass beaker (10) filled with bitumen beforehand was heated at 160 °C for 6 hours, 15 then it is placed on the mini heater (6) as shown in Figure 1, after temperature control and mixer After the blades (5) are lowered into the glass beaker (10), the cutting and mixing process is started. The process is performed at a cutting speed of 4000 rpm for a cutting time of 40 minutes. Wet or dry methods for preparing diatomite-modified asphalt mix. It can be used. In the dry mixing method, diatomite is used as a filler in asphalt and aggregate mixtures. Natural filler material is added instead. When using the wet method, the mixture is not prepared beforehand. First, a diatomite-modified asphalt binder is prepared. Our invention utilizes the wet method. Diatomite additives were added to bitumen at rates of 5%, 10% and 15% by weight (Total aggregate-asphalt mix weight: 0.243%; 0.485%; 0.728% respectively) and diatomite Asphalt mixtures were prepared with modified bitumen. 25 The gradation analysis results of the diatomite additives used are given in Table 1. Table 1 shows that D1 diatomite is the finest gradation and D3 diatomite is the coarsest gradation. It is observed that diatomites D1, D2 and D3 are 50% of 9.46 gradation, respectively. microns; 111.35 microns and thinner than 190 microns. Table 2 shows control (pure) and diatomite. Penetration, softening point, and penetration of asphalt modified with additives 30 Index values ​​are shown. The maximum ditomite size in the cement mixture is 390. The micron size can be up to a maximum of 390 microns. (Diatomite modified) The penetration values ​​of the asphalt mixtures were at least 9.36% higher compared to the control asphalt mixtures. A maximum decrease of 21.81% was observed. All diatomite modified asphalt. As the diatomite content increased in the mixtures, the penetration values ​​decreased. (As given in Table 2) When the softening point values ​​were examined, all diatomite modified asphalt mixtures... It has been observed that the softening point values ​​are higher compared to the control mixtures. The addition of diatomite generally increases softening point values ​​and penetration. The reason for the decrease in their values ​​is that the lightweight components of asphalt cement, 5 It is absorbed by the porous structure of diatomite. When the penetration index values ​​are examined in Table 2, all diatomite-added products... The penetration index values ​​of the asphalt were higher than those of the control bitumen. Therefore, diatomite modification reduces the temperature sensitivity of asphalt cement. It is observed that increasing the diatomite size and inclusion rate increases the temperature sensitivity by 10. It has been observed that it reduces the highest penetration index value and is least sensitive to temperature. The mixture was observed to have a concentration of 1.681 in 15% D3 mixtures. Design of high-grade asphalt concrete in accordance with the Highway Technical Specifications. The material was manufactured with a bitumen content that gives 4% air voids, calculated as the optimum bitumen ratio. and has been determined as 5.10%. The asphalt mixture at the determined rate is in accordance with other specifications 15 It has been observed that it meets the requirements. Optimum bitumen content: 5-10-15% diatomite. with asphalt cement modified with D1, D2 and D3 diatomite additives in the participation ratios. Standard Marshall briquettes were prepared. The results of the mixtures were shown in Figure 3. An indirect tensile strength test was performed at a given 0 °C. The experimental results were obtained with diatomite. 20 modified by using increasing amounts of diatomite in modified mixtures It has been shown that the tensile strengths of the mixtures have increased. The minimum tensile strengths It was obtained with 15% additional D1 diatomite (2494 kPa). Diatomite ratio reduced to 10%. When removed, D3 modified mixtures showed improved crack resistance compared to control mixtures. An improvement of 9.7% was observed. The low performance of asphalt mixtures modified with D1. The tensile strengths at the given temperature are 25 times higher than those of D2 and D3 diatomite used at the same additive ratios. It is lower. D1 diatomite has a higher surface area, allowing it to absorb more bitumen into the mixture. It may have increased its hardness. This situation affects the low-temperature resistance of asphalt mixtures. This may have resulted in a negative impact. Higher levels of D2 and D3 diatomite. The tensile strength of the produced diatomite modified asphalt mixtures confirms this idea. Their resistance to water damage was determined according to the AASHTO T283 method. Indirect tensile strength. The tensile strength test was performed on three identical briquettes at 25 °C. The average of the strength values ​​was taken for unconditioned samples as shown in Figure 4. and for conditioned samples, given in Figure 5. Figures 4 and 5 together. 6 Upon examination, there is no significant difference in tensile strength among the different types of diatomite. Despite not being the case, asphalt mix samples modified with D3 were both conditioned The highest shrinkage was observed in unconditioned samples at a 10% additive rate. They have demonstrated their resilience. In conditioned mixtures, the highest shrinkage at the same additive ratios is 5. The highest tensile strength was obtained with D3 diatomite, while the lowest tensile strength was obtained with D1 diatomite. When conditioned mixtures were evaluated, the tensile strength of D3 modified asphalt mixtures was assessed. its strength increased by 22% or more at all additive ratios compared to control mixtures This increase was observed to be 13% in D2 modified asphalt mixtures. Asphalt mixture The tensile strength ratios of the samples are given in Figure 6. Diatomite modified asphalt 10 All of the mixtures showed tensile strength more than 80% higher than the control mixtures. The TSR value of asphalt mixtures can be increased by 22% through diatomite modification. It has been observed that diatomites D2 and D3 have higher water damage resistance compared to diatomite D1. This has been demonstrated. The deformation curves of the conditioned samples are shown in Figures 7–9. It is given in Figures 7-9. As the diatomite ratio increased, the amount of deformation decreased. 15 At a low inclusion rate (5%), the highest deformation resistance is obtained with the addition of D2 diatomite. While this is the case, the highest deformation resistance is D3 at medium (10%) and high (15%) added ratios. It was obtained with diatomite. Deformation at D3 (15%) usage rate was compared to control mixtures. Accordingly, a 37% reduction has been achieved. The D1, D2, and D3 diatomites used in this invention have 20 different chemical compositions. They exhibit similar characteristics. However, D1 diatomite has the finest gradation, while D3 diatomite... It is ground to the coarsest gradation. Mechanical test results of asphalt mixtures. When evaluated, diatomites D2 and D3 yielded better results than diatomite D1. It is understood that D1 diatomite, with its fine structure, creates a larger surface area. and requires higher amounts of bitumen to coat the particles. The particles are 25 The bitumen film around it becomes thinner for the same amount of bitumen. The thinness of the bitumen film. It reduces the flexibility of the mixture and leads to the formation of harder mixtures. Modified with D1 The lower crack resistance of the prepared asphalt mixture at low temperatures is due to diatomite. It appears to be related to the surface area. As the diatomite ratio increases, the surface area also increases. The increase in thickness and the slight decrease in tensile strength confirm this idea. 30 The invention relates to asphalt mixtures modified with diatomite in varying proportions and sizes. It can be used in road paving construction in different regions. Currently, asphalt additives are available. The high cost of polymer materials used as raw materials affects economic sustainability. This raises concerns in this context. Diatomite additive is generally used in elephants in our country. 7 Since it emerges as waste material of this size, its use in asphalt plants in our country This is considered important in the context of a sustainable future and clean energy. How the invention can be applied to industry. Diatomite modified asphalt pavements are produced using the same methods as hot mix asphalt (hot mixes). It is feasible. Because it is economical and practical, it is used in mass road construction in industrial environments. It can be manufactured and used in asphalt plants. Therefore, an additional application is required at the asphalt plant. There is no need to do it. 15 25

Claims

8 REQUESTS 1) Diatomite-modified asphalt for modifying asphalt pavements. It is a cementitious pavement, characterized by its 5% or higher weight of total asphalt cement. Containing 15% diatomite with a maximum size of 300 microns, it is classified as number 5. It is characteristic. 15 25

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