A porous armor system reinforced with thin load-bearing elements and based on additive manufacturing.

Abstract

The invention relates to an armor system reinforced with porous and thin load-bearing elements produced by additive manufacturing technology. This armor system has a special structure consisting of triangular strut-shaped support rods, a hexagonal outer shell, and an auxetic (negative Poisson ratio) base. This structure includes a lattice structure formed by connecting the triangular strut-shaped support rods to the center within the hexagonal outer shell; a re-entrant auxetic base beneath this lattice structure that expands in the opposite direction under load due to its negative Poisson ratio; and triangular-shaped threat-stopping and damping layers located within the system.

Description

1 TARIFF REINFORCED WITH THIN LOAD-BEARING ELEMENTS, ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING. DURABLE POROUS ARMOR SYSTEM Technical Field to Which the Invention Relates The invention relates to porous and thin carrier elements produced using additive manufacturing technology. It relates to a reinforced armor system. This armor system consists of triangular struts. support rods, hexagonal exterior and auxetic (having a negative Poisson ratio) It has a special structure consisting of a base. This structure is a hexagonal outer 10 by connecting triangular strut-shaped support rods to the center inside the facade a lattice structure is created, and below this lattice structure is a negative Poisson ratio thanks to which it expands in the opposite direction under load, has a recoil-curved and inwardly bent structure. energy absorbing base (re-entrant auxetic base) and located inside the system It includes triangular-shaped threat-stopping layers and damping layers. 15 State of the Art Armor systems are personnel protective equipment for military land, air, and sea vehicles. various Multilayered or single structural elements exhibiting mechanical resistance to external threats. 20 These are the components. High-speed kinetic energy projectiles, shaped explosive charges, shrapnel fragments, high blast pressures, and multiple impacts designed to penetrate. Considering the extremely diverse and high-energy attack types, such as threats When considered, armor systems are not only strong but also lightweight, It must be reconfigurable and capable of withstanding multiple impacts. 25 Armor systems commonly used in current technology include high-hardness ceramics. panels, reinforced metal alloys, ballistic textile layers, synthetic polymer-based Composites are formed by combining these components in successive layers. These structures essentially absorb or dissipate some of the energy during an impact. It aims to prevent penetration. However, these systems have technical and structural limitations. 30 It has many limitations in this regard, especially when it comes to providing high protection. Due to the brittle nature of the ceramic-based armor structures used, they are susceptible to repeated impacts. Their resistance is limited and their structural integrity deteriorates after the initial impact. This is possible. Metal-based composite armor, however, is difficult to manufacture due to its high weight. 2 It reduces the load-carrying capacity and mobility of the vehicle, and also Their high energy absorption capacities remain limited. Ballistic textile-based lightweight armor, Although they are effective against low-speed threats, they have high kinetic energy. It is insufficient against the ammunition. In addition, traditional armor architectures have energy efficiency. Damping and propagation are largely linearly oriented, and the point where the impact is applied is 5 A localized energy concentration builds up around it, increasing the risk of a puncture. On the other hand, there are differences in the thermomechanical behavior of different material layers. Therefore, there are serious problems in terms of resistance to environmental conditions, especially. inconsistencies between material expansion coefficients during temperature changes It can cause cracks and structural disintegration. 10 Patent application number CN116481381A, in the known state of the art, deals with ballistics. developed to provide protection against threats, with a honeycomb structure. a packaged composite reinforced ceramic metal armor system and the production of this system The document in question discusses the method. It describes an integrated metal honeycomb grid. 15 The system is used as both the supporting frame and the backplate; inside this grille Ceramic blocks are embedded and a double-strand fiber-reinforced composite is applied to the outer surface. Prepreg sheets are wrapped in a cross and orthogonal pattern to ensure structural integrity. This allows for localization of the damage and improved resistance to puncture. increasing the protection distribution, balancing the overall service life of the armor, and extending it to 20 years. Extension is ensured. However, this approach is due to material heterogeneity. Lack of data on structural integrity behavior under prolonged, repeated impact. There is also a risk of losing the crystalline structure during hot pressing. The potential for thermal stress-induced cracking at ceramic-metal interfaces, the system It is insufficient in terms of strength and stability. 25 Another known case of the art is patent number US2003150321A1. the application for a multi-layered ballistic armor produced using additive manufacturing technology The structure and the method for creating this structure are described. The subject of the invention is... The armor system consists of at least two main layers: a metal layer and a ceramic layer. It consists of layers. This structure reduces the risk of separation between layers. and the load is transferred more efficiently between two different materials during impact. This system makes distribution possible. However, although this system allows for inter-layered distribution... Although it aims to improve mechanical locking, current technology uses similar armor. 3 It still offers limited solutions to some of the problems encountered in their structures. In particular, occurs between materials with different elastic moduli, such as ceramics and metals. The resulting thermal expansion differences can lead to internal stresses that may occur after production and over time. This can lead to the formation of layer separations. Furthermore, porous structures... Because it is difficult to control the parameters used in its production, the resulting linkage is 5. Its quality may vary. This affects the long-term structural stability of the armor system. and that there are areas that need improvement in terms of resistance to multiple impacts. It reveals. The limitations and inadequacies of current technological solutions mean that existing armor systems are 10 impact resistance, lightness, structural integrity against multiple impacts, energy dissipation. all of the critical parameters such as efficiency, environmental resilience and ease of production The inability to withstand them simultaneously, the low resistance of ceramic-based armor to repeated impacts. its strength, the movement of metal-based structures due to high weight The limitation of its capability is that textile-based lightweight armor is 15 against high-energy munitions. insufficient internal structure due to differences in thermal expansion between layers due to the presence of stress and cracking risks, and the localization of impact energy. Due to reasons such as the expansion of the damage area and the limited energy spread in this area An improvement has been deemed necessary. Brief Description and Objectives of the Invention The invention relates to porous and thin carrier elements produced using additive manufacturing technology. It relates to a reinforced armor system. This armor system consists of triangular struts. support rods, hexagonal exterior and auxetic (having a negative Poisson ratio) It has a special structure consisting of a base. This structure is a hexagonal outer 25 by connecting triangular strut-shaped support rods to the center inside the facade a lattice structure is created, and below this lattice structure is a negative Poisson ratio thanks to which it expands in the opposite direction under load, has a recoil-curved and inwardly bent structure. energy absorbing base (re-entrant auxetic base) and located inside the system It includes triangular-shaped threat-stopping layers and damping layers. 30 4 One aim of the invention is to distribute the impact energy of armor-piercing ammunition at the point of initial contact. The goal is to develop an armor system that distributes and redirects kinetic shock. This armor... in the system, the front geometry, that is, the surface that the armor-piercing ammunition first makes contact with, contains The porous nature of the hexagonal lattice structure allows impact energy to be dissipated, thus reducing kinetic energy. Shock is being directed. 5 Another goal of the invention is to create an armor system that can flex without breaking under impact. It is the development of an armor system that increases fracture toughness and reduces energy dissipation. Thanks to the thin supporting struts, it can flex without breaking under impact. Another aim of the invention is an armor system that dissipates deformation upon impact. It is the development of an armor system with energy that has a negative Poisson ratio. It expands despite deformation thanks to the shock-absorbing base. The material used in the base... Thanks to its auxiliary structure, it exhibits negative resistance along with deformation. It also increases the structure's durability by preventing it from collapsing. 15 Another aim of the invention is the development of a highly durable armor system. The subject is the structure of the armor system, which reduces rear deformation by dispersing shock waves. The strength is increased thanks to its triangular supporting internal structure. This armor... Since the system uses only one material, there are no material transition zones. Thus, 20 A holistic resistance is ensured. The hexagonal cage structure of the armor system in question... In the middle section, there is the central layer, which is the 8th layer positioned perpendicular to the direction of the threat. The thickness of the central layer (Y) is 2.6 mm. This layer forms the center of the structure and is the main layer. It provides strength. Another aim of the invention is to create an armor system with a lightweight structure, mobility, and ergonomics. It is an improvement. Thanks to the porous structure of the armor system in question, mass is reduced. and a lightweight armor material is obtained. Furthermore, the armor system described in this invention is used in... The hexagonal lattice provides the advantage of lightness due to its high surface area / volume ratio. Another aim of the invention is to create a system that can be adapted to different sizes and withstand different ballistic threats. The goal is to develop an armor system that offers flexibility thanks to its porous structure. by cutting off the erosion (hydrothermal flow) caused by the ammunition, the ammunition is more It prevents it from penetrating too deeply. It provides increased fracture toughness when used with thin struts. Part By optimizing its geometry, it is possible to use high-explosive anti-tank projectiles and high-explosive rounds. By interrupting the continuous transmission of the shock wave in explosive projectiles and by using a hexagonal structure. by reflecting homogeneously, the weight of the structure is reduced thanks to the pores, and It increases ballistic resistance. Another aim of the invention is to create a highly tough armor that preserves structural integrity. The system is being developed. This armor system features a hexagonal cage structure. By distributing the mechanical load evenly across thin walls, i.e., struts, The structural integrity is preserved by minimizing the applied load. The stiffness / weight ratio is achieved with struts. High toughness and energy absorption achieved through enhancement and proven performance. 10 The strength is improved. Increased fracture toughness is achieved with varying strut thicknesses. Thus, it gradually hardens until it becomes embedded within the lead structure. A sandwich-like structure is obtained. Another aim of the invention is to create armor that provides an advantage against chemical energy threats. The system is being developed. This armor system features a hexagonal outer shell and porous structure. Directional control of thermal conductivity is achieved thanks to the lattice structure. Thus, chemical energy is transferred. Advantages are also provided against threats. In addition, thermal conduction is facilitated thanks to the pores. By being dropped, it also creates a kind of isolation for the main target. Another aim of the invention is to advance the steel core that penetrates the target in armor systems. The goal is to develop an armor system that is cut off and does not create a hydrothermal flow. The first gap (A) into which the ammunition enters in the armor system is 5.17 mm thick, A size greater than half a centimeter has been preferred, so that the outer protective coating of the threat erosion and disadvantage of the ammunition to the armor system by a hydrothermal flow 25 It has been designed to penetrate in a way that will not create a barrier. This makes it easier for the nucleus to penetrate. It was possible to steer the injury and reduce the radius of trauma. Another aim of the invention is to ensure that the overlapping layers remain rigid without breaking, and The goal is to develop an armor system with increased durability. This armor system includes 30 The second layer struck by the ammunition is 1.76 mm thick. These were covered by two 0.87 mm rounds. A layer of thickness follows. Then come three more layers of thickness, each 0.43 mm thick. These last three layers are the thinnest and the most resistant in terms of fracture toughness. 6 They are layers. The overlapping layers of the specified thickness mentioned remain strong without breaking. It enables stopping and increases endurance. Another purpose of the invention is to prevent wear and tear on the steel jacket surrounding the lead core. The goal is to develop an armor system that provides this. The armor system in question has a hexagonal outer shell. The upper part of the facade, from the corners, the thickness of the upper left corner (K) and the thickness of the upper right corner (M) It has been extended to a thickness of mm. The thickness at the point where the projectile enters the armor system directly. (L) is 8.66 mm. This is the maximum layer thickness of the steel in the lead core. The jacket is being worn down. Another aim of the invention is to prevent the fracture of the top layer in a layered armor system. The goal is to develop a structure that is strong in terms of toughness. This armor... In this system, the left and right sides of the structure are symmetrically integrated / monolithic / unified on the surface. There are 6 layers included in the facade (attached to the hexagonal exterior). On the right and left... The layers should be in reverse order, with the thickness of the middle layers being the same. It has been installed. Only the last layer has been chosen to be 0.87 mm instead of 1.76 mm. This process has resulted in the final layer having strong fracture toughness. Here, the way the struts are arranged increases the support at each layer. It is getting stronger. Another aim of the invention is to provide support in each layer of a layered armor system. It is the development of a structure in which the layers in the armor system become progressively stronger. The angle of the hexagonal lattice to the center is 37.5 (α1) degrees to 45.72 (α6) degrees There are increasing flat layers. These layers are called damping layers. They are called damping layers. The damping layers are located 25 degrees to the right and left of the central block. They are positioned to support the inhibitory layers and mitigate any trauma that may occur. The aim is to reduce the load. Due to their angles, they absorb the load to a certain extent, resulting in a higher load from the inside out. They offer resistance. Thus, the threat ordnance remains inside the structure, minimizing its impact. It causes a tram accident. Another aim of the invention is to achieve the same with a finer structure compared to existing technology. The goal is to develop an armor system that provides resistance. The invention in question is the subject of this discussion. The armor system uses thinner geometries compared to the solid and continuous geometries in current technology. It increases the fracture toughness of the walls and interrupts the hydrothermal flow. 7 Another purpose of the invention is to be used for protection in high-temperature applications. It is the development of an armor system. The porous / voided structure of the armor system in question. As a result, the overall thermal resistance of the system also increases. Explanation of the Figures Figure 1. 1.1) Armor system, 1.2) Detailed representation of the upper corner of the hexagonal lattice structure; K) L) thickness of the upper left corner, M) thickness of the point where the projectile enters the armor system perpendicularly. corner thickness. Figure 2. 2.1) Armor system, 2.2) Detailed representation of the hexagonal lattice structure; A) first gap 10 A) thickness of the first layer, B) thickness of the second layer, C) thickness of the third layer, D) thickness of the fourth layer thickness, E) fifth layer thickness, F) sixth layer thickness, G) seventh layer thickness. Figure 3. 3.1) Armor system, 3.2) Detailed left corner view of the hexagonal lattice structure; a) first a) first layer thickness, b) second layer thickness, c) third layer thickness, d) fourth layer thickness. 15 layer thickness, e) fifth layer thickness, f) sixth layer thickness. Figure 4. 4.1) Armor system, 4.2) Detailed representation of the midpoint of the hexagonal lattice structure (Y) (R4) Center layer thickness, (R8) First strut junction radius radius, D1) First support layer, D2) Second support layer, D3) Third support layer layer, D4) Fourth support layer. 20 Figure 5. 5.1) Armor system, 5.2) Side flattened layers of the hexagonal lattice structure. Detailed representation of the angles of the damping layers; α1) first damper layer angle, α2) second damping layer angle, α3) third damping layer angle, α4) fourth damping layer angle, α5) fifth damping layer angle, α6) Angle of the sixth damping layer. 25 Figure 6. View of the layers in the cage structure of the armor system; 1) First layer 1) Second layer block, 2) Third layer block, 3) Fourth layer block, 4) 6) Fifth layer block, 7) Sixth layer block, 8) Energy absorbing base, 9) Center layer. Figure 7. Energy-absorbing base in the inwardly curved structure of the armor system (re-entrant 30 (auxetic base) view; ß=Re-entrant angle, p) junction length, r) interstitial space, s) vertical strut length, u) vertical length, v) horizontal length. 8 Figure 8. Side view of the armor system. Detailed Description of the Invention The invention relates to porous and thin carrier elements produced using additive manufacturing technology. It relates to a reinforced armor system. This armor system consists of 5 triangular struts. a unique structure consisting of support rods, a hexagonal facade, and auxiliary structures It has a structure consisting of a triangular strut inside a hexagonal (hexagonal) exterior facade. a lattice structure formed by connecting support rods to the center, this lattice Its structure, thanks to its negative Poisson ratio, expands in the opposite direction under load. an energy-dissipating base with a back-curved and inwardly bent structure (re-entrant auxetic 10 base) and triangular-shaped threat arrester and damper located inside the system. It includes the internal structure. In the armor system described in the invention, the hexagonal outer shell of the ammunition is armored. It is the area where the system first makes contact, and thanks to this hexagonal outer surface, the armor in question... The system dissipates impact energy during a collision without breaking, by flexing under load. The hexagonal cage structure in the armor system described in the invention prevents the armor system from bending. 15 and limits the passage of high-speed shock waves. This hexagonal lattice structure varies. stopping layers consisting of strut-shaped support rods of varying thicknesses and It includes damping layers and a porous structure within a hexagonal exterior facade. The armor system described in the invention features a central layer with a hexagonal lattice structure. at its center, stopping layers placed perpendicular to the shot and 20 placed at an angle to the shot It is located in the intermediate region at the intersection of the damping layers. To the central layer The connected angled support layers connect the hexagonal facade to the center. It provides. The armor system that is the subject of the invention has a back-curved and inward-curved structure. The energy-dissipating base is located beneath the hexagonal facade, with a negative Poisson pattern. Due to its ratio, it expands in the opposite direction to the load under load. The subject of the invention is 25 The armor system features both a hexagonal outer shell and a hexagonal lattice structure with a porous design. has. The invention exhibits superior resistance to high-velocity, armor-piercing projectiles. armor system; 30 - the area where the ammunition first makes contact with the armor system and at the moment of impact to dissipate impact energy by stretching under load without breaking a porous hexagonal facade, 9 - prevents the armor system from bending and high-speed shock waves strut-shaped supports of varying thicknesses that restrict passage stopping layers and damping layers consisting of rods and a hexagonal lattice containing a porous structure within a hexagonal exterior facade. structure, 5 - a stopper positioned perpendicular to the shot, in the center of the hexagonal cage structure. layers and damping layers placed at an angle to the shot a central layer located in the intermediate region at the intersection, - center to provide a connection between the hexagonal exterior facade and the center. Layer-dependent angled support layers, 10 - a negative Poisson ratio located beneath the hexagonal facade. thanks to which it expands and recedes under load in the opposite direction of the load. an energy-dissipating base with a curved and inwardly bent structure, It includes. 15 In one application of the armor system described in the invention, the layers are referred to as stopping layers. layers; first layer block (1), second layer block, each consisting of 6 layers (2), third layer block (3) and fifth layer block (5) a total of 24 It is a layer. The stopping layers are a total of four blocks. The first layer block (1) 20 The thickness of the layers decreases from 1.76 mm to 0.43 mm towards the center of the hexagonal lattice structure. It decreases as much as in the second layer block (2) and the third layer block (3) The thickness of the layers increases from 0.43 mm to 0.87 mm towards the center of the hexagonal lattice structure. It is increasing to mm. In one application of the armor system described in the invention, the damping layers are fourth. There are two blocks, layer block (4) and sixth layer block (6), and in each block It contains a total of 10 layers, 5 layers on each side. The angles of the damping layers are... Depending on the tangent, they have different positions under different loads and the bullet It allows the core to be suppressed in the center. Thus, the main element, the armor, is protected and the trauma is reduced to 30. It decreases. The damping layers in the armor system in question have a hexagonal lattice center. The opening of the first damping layer (α1) in terms of the sixth damping layer The angle (α6) increases from 37.5 degrees to 45.72 degrees. Damper The layers have a flat layer structure due to this angle. Damper The thickness of the layers is 0.5 mm towards the center of the hexagonal lattice structure, 0.5 mm respectively. mm, 1 mm, 1 mm, and 1 mm. In one application of the armor system described in the invention, the center of the hexagonal outer facade and Angled support layers connected to the central layer to provide connectivity; first 5 support layer (D1), second support layer (D2), third support layer (D3), There are 4 of them, including the fourth support layer (D4). In one application of the armor system described in the invention, the stopping layers and damping layers The thickness of the central layer in the intersecting region is 2.6 mm. 10 In one application of the armor system described in the invention, excluding the hexagonal outer facade The hexagonal lattice structure contains a total of 24 stop layers, 10 of which... The system consists of a damping layer, one core layer, and four support layers. It contains a total of 39 layers. In one application of the invention, the aforementioned armor is 15. The system consists of a total of 39 layers, including stopping layers and damping layers. It contains layers. These layers are based on the thickest layer passing through the center. It is installed. Four equal walls connect the center of the hexagonal exterior facade. These are 4 units. It is the support layer. There are a total of 18 layers, divided into 3 above the center. Each The layers contain walls of varying thicknesses. This armor system has 20 layers. The thickness of the layers decreases from increasing in the center to decreasing in thickness on the right and left. They are arranged from lowest to highest on the left. Below the center, in the middle section, are 6 more layers. It is located there, and this part has the same dimensions as the upper part. On the lower right and left sides, however... In total, there are 5x2=10 layers. Thus, the armor system has a total of 39 layers, each separate from the other. It includes a porous / voided structure with varying thicknesses. The armor in question is 25 The layers included in the system that are placed perpendicular to the projectile are called stopping layers, and the angled layer is called an arresting layer. Those that are installed are called damping layers. The hexagonal outer casing of the ammunition is the first point where the ammunition enters the armor system. It is the first layer encountered. Therefore, in this armor system, the hexagonal outer layer is a layer 30 When counted as such, the ammunition would encounter if it were to penetrate the hexagonal outer shell. The blocks contain 6 more layers. In other words, the first layer is the outer hexagon. Ammunition that manages to penetrate the front encounters the first layer of the layered blocks. For this reason... For example, the first layer of the first layer block is actually the hexagonal outer layer of the armor system. 11 It is the second layer that comes after the front layer. In this way, each layer has its own While the first layer of its block is the second layer of the armor system, the second layer is the second layer of its own block. While being the third layer of the armor system, it is both its own layer. It is located both within the block and within the armor system. The armor system in question features a hexagonal outer shell and a porous inner structure within the outer shell. The stopper layers and damping layers located beneath the hexagonal facade. It comprises a single integrated structure, including a positioned auxetic base. The entire armor system described in the invention is made of 316L stainless steel conforming to ISO 5832-1 standard. It is made of steel material. In one application of the invention, the thickness of the hexagonal exterior facade is 10 mm, and the hexagon... The corner length is 30 mm. In one application of the invention, the blocks in the hexagonal lattice structure are only Each edge facing the hexagonal exterior has a length of 30 mm. In one application of the invention, the hexagonal outer shell is attached to the underside of the armor. The total length of the auxetic energy-absorbing base located in this section is 23.85 mm, 20 Its width is 60 mm. Figure 7 shows in detail the energy in the inwardly curved structure of the armor system. The design includes a damping base (re-entrant auxetic base). The invention is a In the application, the re-entrant angle (ß) of the energy-dissipating base in question is 60 °C, horizontal. length (v) 60 mm, vertical strut length (s) 7 mm, vertical length (u) 12.12 mm, connection length (p) 3.75 mm, spacing (r) 15 mm, negative Poisson ratio -0.35 to -0.45 25 It is within the range. In other words, the armor system included in one application of the invention. The thickness of each wall of the energy-absorbing base is 3.75 mm. The energy in question... The clearance within the damper base is 12.12 mm in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction. The width in that direction is 15 mm. The angle between the walls is 60°. In an application of the invention... The total depth of the energy-absorbing base is 30.0 ± 0.3 mm. The invention is a 30 In the application, the negative Poisson ratio of the energy-dissipating base is between -0.35 and -0.45. It is within this range. 12 The armor system described in this invention exhibits increased fracture toughness with varying strut thicknesses. In this invention, all strut thicknesses are different from each other; variable strut thickness. It is used. The combination of thin strut thickness and variable strut thickness is optimized. It provides a combination of fracture toughness and bullet tip blunting. Strut Their thicknesses are hexagonal, extending from the exterior inwards, and are stopping and damping layers. 5 It extends from increasing thickness to thinning, so the bullet tip becomes blunt as it progresses, each The penetration weakens due to the increasing fracture toughness. Also, the damper on the side. canals, by reducing the diameter of trauma, increase the strength and stability of the arresting canals. It increases. In one application of the invention, the hexagonal lattice structure in the armor system is used between the struts. The size of the pores (pore diameter) is between 0.43 mm and 0.87 mm. In one application of the invention, the thickness of the hexagonal facade is 10.0 ± 0.2 mm. Hexagonal The initial gap, which is the distance between the exterior facade and the first strut structure, is 5.17 mm thick. 15 The wall thicknesses of the side support triangles in the system are between 0.43 mm and 0.71 mm. It varies between them. In one application of the invention, the support triangles formed The connecting strut angles, which are flat layers, have geometric angles ranging from 37.5° to 45.7°. It has a configuration where the values ​​range from 37.5 degrees to 45.7 degrees. The technical effect achieved is related to the tangent angles of the damping layers. 20 As the tangent angle decreases, the load per unit will decrease, downwards from the center. The decrease in total load due to the decreasing angles also makes the strut shorter. This, along with the damping effect of the structure and the fact that the overall armor structure remains in one piece, This ensures that the projectile remains inside the structure, creating the lowest possible trauma. It will form. At the longest strut near the center, an angle slightly above 45 degrees will be selected (25). By aiming to achieve a higher charge per unit load, when it comes to the middle section of the projectile... The strut is bent inwards like a herringbone. This allows the projectile to be guided. It remains in the channel. Therefore, each specific angle described in the system described in the invention and specific thickness ultimately reduces load in the armor system, providing the lowest possible trauma, The interlocking bending has technical effects such as the precise guidance of the projectile. 30 In one application of the invention, the armor system is 7.58 cm long and 6 cm wide. 13 In one application of the invention, the total stacked volume of the armor system is 113,106.9g. The volume in its porous state is 80.14337 mm³, and the void ratio in this structure is approximately 143.37 mm³. It is 29%. Finite element analyses are also performed in bulk form in the analyses of the method that is the subject of the invention. Simulation studies have been prepared and it has been observed that the pores in question, which are the subject of the invention, are 5 The armor system has projectiles arranged almost evenly in a stack. This is being stopped. This means that by hollowing out the armor system, volume and weight are being reduced. Almost equal values ​​are achieved with the profit. Furthermore, the armor system in question... Thanks to its porous structure, the hydrothermal flow can be interrupted and the trauma radius can also be reduced. is being reduced. 10 In one application of the armor system described in the invention, the total number of panels excluding the hexagonal outer shell is 24. a number of parallel to the surface, called perpendicular arresters against the threat (top right, top left, (upper middle, and lower middle), 10 symmetrical pieces at varying angles, in the form of lower left and lower right. damping layer and 15 sections of this layer located in the center, connecting it to the center. The main middle layer, along with the 4 layers separating the sections, forms a total of 5 layers: the center and connected sections. There are layers. Thus, the outermost layer formed by the hexagonal facade contains thin layers. 6x3 right, left and middle layers housing the struts, then separating the right and left and layers connecting to the center, center layer (2.6 mm thick), to the center layer connected to the center, additional stopper layer (middle bottom), next to it symmetrical right and left bottom 20 The damping system consists of a total of 10 layers and 2 layers connecting them to the center. It includes the outermost layer, which consists of a hexagonal exterior (if the surface and base of the hexagon If we count the points of contact, which is possible in the scenario where the bullet enters and exits, there are 2 points. However, if the bullet enters but does not make contact with the base of the hexagonal outer shell, it counts as 1. The armor system contains a total of 39 layers. Thus, there are 25 armor plates containing 39 layers. This armor system is used in conjunction with a hexagonal frame and an energy-absorbing base. After these structural shots, a cross-sectional image was taken using the wire erosion method to assess the shock. It has been proven that it dampens and that its layers provide support. The armor in question is the subject of the invention. Thanks to the use of an energy-dissipating base in the system, deformation occurs. The fact that they provide resistance in the negative direction together prevents the structure from collapsing. 30 It increases its durability. The most important feature for armor systems is the outer casing of the ammunition. It is the orientation of the coating. Different types of armor systems are also used in the invention. APCR (armor piercing composite rigid), HESH (high expolsive) ammunition This provides a significant advantage against (squashed head). 14 In one application of the armor system described in the invention, the armor system has a hexagonal outer facade. including the hexagonal outer face, which is the first perpendicular entry point of the ammunition into the system, Thicknesses from the hexagonal exterior facade to the center of the hexagonal lattice structure 8.66 mm, 1.76 mm, 0.87 mm, 0.87 mm, 0.43 mm, 0.43 mm, and 0.43 mm, respectively 5 It contains a total of 7 layers. The armor system in question is produced using a gas atomization method and consists of 15–45 µm powder. It is produced with metallic material having a diameter of 7.90–7.95 g / cm³, Elastic modulus between 200–210 GPa, yield strength in the range of 500–530 MPa, and 10 A high-performance material exhibiting hardness values ​​of 210–235 HV. It includes a composition. The front surface of the armor system, which is the subject of the invention, has cross-symmetry. It includes an outer perimeter with hexagonal pores. This armor... The hexagonal outer facade, which is the front surface of the system, is where the armor-piercing material first makes contact. It is a surface. The porous structure of the armor system that is the subject of the invention allows it to withstand impact for 15 minutes. By interrupting the formation of the metallic gel and the flow of hot gas, it prevents the armor from being punctured. The invention... the preference for a hexagonal cage structure instead of any cage structure in the armor system This provides technical advantages. Hexagonal structures within the same surface area It is one of the geometries with the shortest perimeter. This advantage allows for less material to be used. its use, reduction in production time, and lightness due to high surface area / volume ratio 20 It provides an advantage. It improves the ability to produce products with the least amount of material for the highest volume. Compared to cubic and triangular structures, the volume per unit is greater. For the same area... More space can be accommodated, and volumetric occupancy becomes more efficient. Under mechanical load. By distributing the load evenly, the load on the thin walls (struts) is minimized. By lowering it, it preserves the integrity of the structure. The high 25 achieved and proven with thin walls. It increases toughness and energy absorption. It also improves the hardness / weight ratio. It is quite high. It also provides directional control of its thermal conductivity. Thus, dynamic This armor system also provides an advantage against chemical energy threats. It can be adapted to different sizes, offering flexibility against various ballistic threats. In one application of the armor system described in the invention, the upper part of the hexagonal outer facade, from the corners, the thickness of the upper left corner (K) and the thickness of the upper right corner (M) will be 10 mm. It has been extended. The thickness of the point (L) where the projectile enters the armor system straight is 8.66 mm. With its high layer thickness, the goal is to reduce the abrasion of the steel jacket located in the lead core. The aim is to ensure that the bullet enters the system through a specific channel. will be provided. The initial gap thickness (A) is 5.17 mm, and a thickness greater than half a centimeter is preferred. The goal was to interrupt the progression of the eroding steel jacket and create a hydrothermal flow. 5 It does not form. In addition, the nucleus can be blunted at its tip. It is about isolating it from the jacket. Then the second layer that the bullet hit is 1.76 mm. It is thick. In other words, the thickness of the second layer (B) is 1.76 mm. These are two pieces A third layer, 0.87 mm thick, follows the fourth layer. This armor... The thickness of the third layer (C) and the fourth layer in the lattice structure of the system is 10 Its thickness (D) is 0.87 mm. Then, three fifth layers of 0.43 mm thickness, the sixth The first layer and the seventh layer follow. These layers are the thinnest and have the highest fracture toughness. These are the most durable layers. The fifth layer is located in the cage structure of the armor system in question. Layer thickness (E), sixth layer thickness (F), and seventh layer thickness (G) are 0.43. The thickness is mm. The aim is to ensure that the layers overlapping each other remain rigid without breaking and that the durability is 15. The aim is to increase the number of layers. The armor system in question has 6 layers symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides. It is located. The layers are in reverse order, with thicknesses similar to the middle layers. It has been installed. Only the last layer has been chosen to be 0.87 mm instead of 1.76 mm. The aim here is to ensure that the top layer is strong in terms of fracture toughness. It is. There is a 2.6 mm thick core layer in the middle section, 8.20 mm perpendicular to the surface. It is a layer. This layer provides the main strength of the structure. Then, symmetrically, at the top... The layers repeat. There are 7 more layers, including the bottom surface. These are perpendicular to the surface. A total of 6x3, 18 layers, are placed inside the hexagon. Then, on the surface... Damper with a flat layer structure ranging from 37.5 degrees to 45.72 degrees. There are layers. These layers total 10, 5 on the left and 5 on the right, making a total of 25. The thicknesses are 0.5 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1 mm, and 1 mm, respectively. There are also 4 different layers. The parallel structures provide the connection to the main body. Here, the walls are arranged from decreasing to increasing order. The layers are arranged in this way, so the support increases and strengthens at each layer. The armor system described in the invention consists of 30 armor plates oriented at a 90° right angle and directed towards the center of the front surface. Tested with impacts. NATO 7.62×51 mm M80 FMJ (Full Metal Jacket) ammunition. In tests conducted, the impact velocity of the ammunition was 847 m / s ± 9.1 m / s (conforming to the standard). The projectiles (NIJ LEVEL III) had an impact energy of 3,400 J. Porous structure. When used, the actual drilling depth was determined to be 18.26 mm ± 0.5 mm. Shock 16 The amount of outward expansion resulting from this effect is between 2.3 mm and 2.7 mm. It varies. In tests conducted with NATO 7.62×51 mm M61 ammunition, armor-piercing This type of ammunition has an impact velocity of 886 m / s and an impact energy of 3,700 J. It is at that level. When a porous structure is used, the actual performance achieved with this ammunition is... The drilling depth was determined to be 39.00 mm ± 0.5 mm. As a result of the shock effect, 5 The outward expansion that occurred was measured as 3.1 mm. Thanks to the porous internal architecture of the armor system that is the subject of the invention, it withstands high-speed incoming attacks. local temperature increase, gas expansion and possible effects resulting from the impact of the ammunition The metal jet formation is dispersed and absorbed in internal cavitations. This situation affects both 10 It reduces the penetrating effect of both kinetic and chemical energy-powered munitions, and increases energy dispersion. It deviates from linearity, forcing a lateral distribution along the struts. This behavior, Porous structures, especially when faced with M61 AP type armor-piercing ammunition, are resistant to conventional methods. A much more modular and effective resistor compared to layered ceramic or polymer systems. This shows that the invention includes 15 triangular-shaped armor plates. The supportive internal structure transmits the kinetic energy generated after impact along its porous geometry. It is a mechanism that dampens the projectile by spreading it out and trapping it within the internal structure. Traditional Thinner, lighter, and more durable compared to ceramic and polymer reinforced armor systems. It has high fracture toughness. The invention is particularly suitable for high-velocity armor-piercing munitions. In contrast, it provides high ballistic performance with low mass. 20 The armor system described in the invention features a re-entrant auxetic located on the rear surface of the hexagonal cage. a structure that distributes the force applied to it by changing its direction and increasing its surface area It acts as an energy-dissipating base. The aforementioned energy-dissipating base... A material that can deform in the longitudinal and transverse directions in response to a base force, i.e., a negative Poisson's wavelength. It is manufactured from materials with a certain ratio. The armor system in question contains energy-absorbing base with specific negative Poisson ratio impact armor It reduces the outward deformation of the system and increases its shock absorption capacity, all It enables the body's movement towards the projectile. The negative Poisson ratio mentioned here. It is between -0.35 and -0.45. Thanks to this specific ratio, the best damping capacity is achieved at 30. It has the ability to minimize deformation optimally and perform the return movement in the most accurate way. The armor system described in the invention offers a mass advantage of up to 29%, resulting in both strength and... Lightweight criteria are met simultaneously. For 850 m / s FMJ 7.62x51 ammunition. A 7.62x63 mm armor-piercing projectile penetrates 1.87 cm deep and travels at a speed of 886 m / s. 17 The armor system that is the subject of the invention, which managed to stop the ammunition within 3.9 cm, is similar. It provides more effective resistance compared to systems of greater thickness. The armor that is the subject of the invention. The porous structure in the system is prone to cracking, disintegration, or layering upon impact. It minimizes disadvantages such as separation. Thanks to the strut architecture of the structure, shock The waves spread throughout the geometry, resulting in a systemic stress distribution instead of a localized fracture. 5 This creates a resistance to multiple impacts, extending the service life and durability. The subject of the invention... The armor system is based on thin load-bearing elements (struts) that are oriented and angled. Its structure is located in the impact zone. Thanks to this structure, fracture toughness is increased in the impact area; Struts absorb energy through deformation, providing geometric flexibility without fracturing. This is something that cannot be observed even in a simulation environment and can only be revealed in physical experiments. This is an important durability characteristic that has emerged. The armor system described in the invention is high-caliber. It provides alternative protection against projectiles. It counters the kinetic energy of projectiles approaching at high speed. by dissipating its energy and trapping it in a controlled manner within its porous structure, It offers a lighter and more holistic solution as an alternative to traditional methods. The armor system described in the invention is entirely produced using the LPBF (Laser Powder Bed Fusion) method. It is optimized to be produced in a way that is particularly suitable for individuals or platforms. It provides significant advantages in the production of (for example, drones, armored vehicles, modular protection systems). Furthermore, thanks to one-piece production, there is no need for welding, screws, or assembly connections. It also eliminates the need. 20 The armor system described in the invention features an advanced level of protection, low weight, and post-impact resistance. structural continuity, production flexibility, and a more innovative approach compared to classic armor systems. It offers a more effective alternative. The armor system described in the invention has particularly high armor-piercing capabilities. 25 High-strength, lightweight, and geometrically optimized against high-energy munitions. It offers a proven protection solution. The fractures encountered in current techniques, A versatile solution against problems such as delamination, excessive weight, and thermo-mechanical shock. A performance advantage is provided. The armor system described in the invention consists of a carrier strut. By optimizing their thickness, they can flex without breaking under high impact. This reveals the structural framework. This situation shows that deformation during energy absorption is 30. It allows for a spread over a wide area, resulting in an elastic response to the structure instead of fracture. This makes it possible. In this respect, the armor system described in the invention is different from traditional ceramic-metal layered armor. Unlike other systems, it offers protection that flexes without breaking. This armor is... Thanks to the porous structure with a hexagonal lattice and triangular supports in the system, the projectile 18 The shock wave it creates spreads throughout the entire structure. Thus, a nonlinear energy... This results in a distributed distribution, which reduces the risk of local penetration and posterior surface deformation. It keeps it under control. The local thermomechanical field created by the impact of the bullet. (Hydrothermal flow) is directed and dampened thanks to the porous structure. Porous The structure absorbs both the mechanical wave and the sudden thermal energy generated at the moment of impact. By doing so, it slows the forward movement of the projectile. This feature is not only about mechanical strength. It not only increases resistance to heat shock, but also enhances thermal shock resistance. Chemically powered munitions. It creates a high-temperature metal jet upon impact. The armor system that is the subject of the invention. Its porous architecture disrupts the linear progression of the metal jet, dispersing its direction and altering its kinetics. It reduces the destructive effect of energy. Thus, it reduces not only kinetic energy but also chemical energy. An effective defense against threats is also provided. The armor system that is the subject of the invention. its porous structure has a mass that is 16.7% lower than its total volume. It has the disadvantages of classic mass structures, such as transportation difficulties and energy consumption. It minimizes problems such as these. Using less material with the same strength, This is a strategic advantage, especially for mobile platforms and personal protection systems. 15 The armor system described in the invention contains a negative Poisson's ratio energy-dissipating base. Thanks to this, the geometry can recover after the impact or locally. The deformation may be limited. This means the structure can be protected even in multiple impact scenarios. It enables the continuation of its capabilities. The production method used in the invention reduces both costs. It reduces the number of parts and thus increases safety. 20 The invention exhibits superior resistance to high-velocity, armor-piercing projectiles. The production method of the armor system; i. using computer-aided design (CAD) software, a hexagonal-based porous 25 Creating armor designs, ii. The hexagonal outer surface will act as a shock absorber and protect the outside of the ammunition. hexagonal plates with a thickness varying between 8.66-10.2 mm that will erode the shell and in the central region, for energy redirection purposes, a hexagonal 30 from 1.76 mm to 0.43 mm. Internal support struts of decreasing thickness towards the center of the cage and angles in the lower section. Modeling of an energy-dissipating base with an angle of 60°-60°, iii. Optimizing strut spacing between 430-2600 µm, 19 iv. Production carried out using the laser powder bed melting method (LPBF), It includes the steps involved in the process. In step (iii) of the method in question, the strut spacing is 430-2600 µm It is optimized between them because the center shifts in higher-level applications. There is a possibility. The production of the armor system described in the invention is by laser powder bed melting method (LPBF) 10 In one application of the method, the laser power in step (iv) is: 285-305 W is selected. The armor system described in the invention is manufactured using the laser powder bed melting method (LPBF). In one application of the method, the layer thickness in step (iv) is: 30 µm 15 is selected. The armor system described in the invention is manufactured using the laser powder bed melting method (LPBF). In one application of the method, the scanning speed in step (iv) is: 600-800 mm / s is selected. 20 The armor system described in the invention is manufactured using the laser powder bed melting method (LPBF). In one application of the method, the humidity of the production environment in step (iv) was: % Fewer than 5 options are selected. One application of the production method for the aforementioned armor system involves a gaseous environment: argon, For <100 ppm O₂, a platform printing temperature of 170-200 °C is selected.

Claims

REQUESTS 1. Armor that exhibits superior resistance to high-speed, armor-piercing projectiles. Its feature is that it is a system; - the area where the ammunition first makes contact with the armor system and which is 5 at the moment of impact. to dissipate impact energy by stretching under load without breaking a porous hexagonal facade, - prevents the armor system from bending and high-speed shock waves strut-shaped supports of varying thicknesses that restrict passage stopping layers and damping layers consisting of rods 10 and a hexagonal lattice containing a porous structure within a hexagonal exterior facade. structure, - a stopper positioned perpendicular to the shot, in the center of the hexagonal cage structure. layers and damping layers placed at an angle to the shot a central layer located in the intermediate region at the intersection, 15 - center to provide a connection between the hexagonal exterior facade and the center. layer-dependent angled support layers, - a negative Poisson ratio located beneath the hexagonal facade. thanks to which it expands and recedes under load in the opposite direction of the load. a curved and inwardly bent energy-dissipating base, 20 It includes.

2. It is an armor system according to Claim 1, and its characteristic feature is that the aforementioned stopping layers, first layer block (1), second layer block (2), each consisting of 6 layers, a total of 24, including the third layer block (3) and the fifth layer block (5). It is the presence of layers. 25 3. It is an armor system according to Claim 2, and its feature is; in the first layer block (1) The thickness of the layers increases from 1.76 mm towards the center of the hexagonal lattice structure. The decrease to 0.43 is due to the second layer block (2) and the third layer the thickness of the layers in block (3) towards the center of the hexagonal lattice structure It is an increase from 0.43 mm to 0.87 mm. 30 4. It is an armor system according to Claim 1, and its characteristic feature is that the aforementioned damping layers each consisting of 5 layers, fourth layer block (4) and sixth layer block (6) is the total of 10 layers. 21 5. An armor system according to Claim 4, characterized by its hexagonal damping layers. its angle to the center of the lattice in terms of the first damping layer (α1) sixth damping layer angle (α6), from 37.5 degrees to 45.72 degrees The reason is that there are flat layers where the layers increase.

6. An armor system according to Claim 4 or Claim 5, characterized by its damping properties. The thickness of the layers increases by 0.5 towards the center of the hexagonal lattice structure. mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1 mm and 1 mm.

7. An armor system according to Claim 1, Claim 2 or Claim 4, characterized by its central position. The first support layer (D1) of the layer-dependent angled support layers, the second support layer (D2), third support layer (D3) and fourth support layer 10 There should be 4 of them, (D4).

8. It is an armor system according to Claim 1, characterized by a central layer thickness (Y) of 2.6 It is mm.

9. It is an armor system according to Claim 1, and its characteristic is; excluding the hexagonal outer shell. The hexagonal lattice structure contains a total of 24 stop layers, 10 of which are 15-inch. The system consists of a damping layer, one core layer, and four support layers. It contains a total of 39 layers.

10. An armor system according to Claim 2 or Claim 4, characterized by a hexagonal cage. only each edge of the blocks in its structure faces the hexagonal exterior facade Its length is 30 mm. 20 11. It is an armor system according to Claim 1, characterized by its hexagonal lattice structure. The pores (pore diameter) should be between 0.43 mm and 0.87 mm.

12. It is an armor system according to Claim 1, characterized by a hexagonal outer shell thickness of 10.0 The tolerance should be ± 0.2 mm.

13. It is an armor system according to Claim 1, characterized by its hexagonal outer shell and initial strut structure of 25. The thickness of the first gap (A), which is the distance between them, is 5.17 mm.

14. It is an armor system according to Claim 1, and its characteristic is that the length of the armor system is 7.58 The width is 6 cm. According to Claim 15, it is an armor system with a volume of 80,143.37 mm³, The porosity rate is 29%. 30 16. It is an armor system according to Claim 1, characterized by its hexagonal outer facade at the upper left corner. The thickness (K) and the thickness of the upper right corner (M) are 10 mm.

17. It is an armor system according to Claim 1, characterized by the fact that the projectile enters the armor system directly. The point thickness (L) is 8.66 mm. 22 According to Claim 18, it is an armor system and its feature is that it is located in the first layer block (1), The second layer thickness of the armor system is (B) 1.76 mm. According to Claim 19, it is an armor system and its feature is that it is located in the first layer block (1), the thickness of the third layer (C) and the thickness of the fourth layer of the armor system (D) is 0.87 mm. 5 According to Claim 1, it is an armor system and its feature is that it is located in the first layer block (1), The thickness of the fifth layer (E), the thickness of the sixth layer (F) and the seventh layer of the armor system The layer thickness (G) is 0.43 mm.

21. It is an armor system according to Claim 1, and its characteristic feature is that the ammunition first enters the system perpendicularly. including the hexagonal facade, which is the area, starting from the hexagonal facade 10 The thicknesses of the hexagonal lattice structure up to the center are 8.66 mm and 1.76 mm respectively. A total of 7, in the following sizes: 0.87 mm, 0.87 mm, 0.43 mm, 0.43 mm, and 0.43 mm. It contains layers. According to Claim 1, it is an armor system characterized by its aforementioned energy absorber. base re-entrant angle (ß) 60 0C, horizontal length (v) 60 mm, vertical strut 15 length (s) 7 mm, vertical length (u) 12.12 mm, joint length (p) 3.75 mm, gap (r) 15 mm, negative Poisson ratio between -0.35 and -0.45 It is within the range.

23. Armor that exhibits superior resistance to high-velocity, armor-piercing projectiles. The system's production method and its characteristic is; 20 i. using computer-aided design (CAD) software, hexagonal base Designing porous armor, ii. The hexagonal outer surface will act as a shock absorber and protect the outside of the ammunition. a hexagonal strip with a thickness varying between 8.66-10.2 mm that will erode the shell plates and 1.76 mm to 0.43 25 mm thick for energy direction in the central region. internal support struts with decreasing thickness towards the center of the hexagonal lattice in mm and an energy-dissipating base with angles of 60°-60° in the lower region modeling, iii. Optimizing strut spacing between 430-2600 µm, iv. Production carried out using the laser powder bed melting method (LPBF), 30 It includes the steps of the process. 23 24. A method according to claim 23, and its characteristic is; laser in process step (iv). The power rating should be selected as 285-305 W.

25. It is a method according to claim 23 and its characteristic is; layer in process step (iv). The thickness was chosen as 30 µm.

26. It is a method according to claim 23 and its characteristic is; scanning in process step (iv) 5 The speed should be selected as 600-800 mm / s.

27. It is a method according to claim 23 and its characteristic is; production in process step (iv). The ambient humidity should be chosen to be less than 5%.

28. It is a method according to claim 23 and its characteristic is; platform in process step (iv). The printing temperature should be selected as 170-200 °C. 10 20 30

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