MICROCONTROLLER-CONTROLLED ACTIVATED ENERGY TRANSFER CELL BALANCING SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Abstract

This invention improves inter-cell voltage in battery packs used in electric vehicles. and microcontroller-controlled active that enables minimizing capacity differences. It relates to an energy transfer cell balancing system. The system is a battery. It continuously monitors each cell in its package for voltage and temperature. 10. The microcontroller calculates the voltage differences between the cells and identifies the excess energy. It controls the transfer of energy from low-voltage cells to low-voltage cells. Energy transfer, via low-loss DC-DC converter or similar active circuit elements This is achieved through this structure, which reduces the energy seen in passive balancing systems. Losses are eliminated, battery life is extended, and system reliability is increased. 15. The balancing process is applied step by step and as often as needed, between cells. Imbalance is minimized. Microcontroller software during the production phase. Optimized according to battery characteristics and active circuit element packaging. It is integrated in accordance with standards. Modular and scalable design. Thanks to this, the system can easily accommodate battery packs of different capacities and voltages. 20 adaptable. This invention increases the range of electric vehicles and improves energy efficiency. an innovative cell that upgrades and extends the lifespan of battery packs It offers a balancing solution.

Description

1 TARIFF MICROCONTROLLED ACTIVE FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES ENERGY TRANSFER CELL BALANCING SYSTEM TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to cell balancing based on microcontroller-controlled active energy transfer. lithium-ion and similar charging systems used in electric vehicles. It relates to the energy management of rechargeable battery packs. 10 PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE Cell balancing systems used in current electric vehicle battery packs. It is generally based on passive or limited active methods. Passive balancing 15 In these systems, voltage differences between cells allow excess energy to flow through resistors. This is achieved by converting it into heat. This method is simple and low-cost. However, this significantly reduces energy efficiency and extends battery life. It has a negative impact. In active balancing systems, excess energy is transferred to the inductor. 20 via capacitor or DC-DC converter based circuits to other cells However, these systems require complex circuit topologies, They use high-cost components and have limited balancing speeds. In addition, current microcontroller-based control algorithms detect intercellular energy. It is unable to fully optimize the transfer, which affects the battery pack. to maximize performance and lifespan to full capacity 25 It prevents. Problems Encountered 1. The Energy Efficiency Problem • In passive systems, excess energy is converted into heat → battery capacity is wasted. It is spent. • In active systems, transfer efficiency remains low, and losses are still high. 2 2. Shortened Battery Life • Intercellular imbalance leads to long-term loss of capacity and premature It leads to aging. • Battery replacement costs are very high, especially in electric vehicles. 5 This creates a serious problem. 3. Complex and High-Cost Circuits • Existing active systems include complex topologies based on inductors and capacitors. requires. 10 • This increases production costs and limits the scalability of the system. 4. Inadequate Microcontroller Control • Control algorithms used in current systems utilize intercellular energy It cannot optimize the transfer. 15 • Balancing time increases, and system reliability decreases. 5. Range and Safety Problems in Electric Vehicles • Usable capacity of the battery pack when cells are not perfectly balanced. falls → range decreases. 20 • Overvoltage or overcurrent situations pose safety risks. Consequently, due to the aforementioned drawbacks and shortcomings, the relevant The need for an innovation in the technical field has arisen. 3 THE PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION The overall purpose of the invention is to create a complete system that meets the requirements mentioned above. especially those that eliminate disadvantages and bring additional advantages; Microcontroller-controlled active energy transfer-based cell balancing 5 lithium-ion and similar charging systems used in electric vehicles. It relates to the energy management of rechargeable battery packs. Due to the drawbacks of the previous technique, the invention, as described above, It aims to resolve the negative aspects. 10 The main purpose of the invention is to create cells in battery packs used in electric vehicles. by minimizing voltage and capacity differences between them, the system's energy efficiency The goal is to increase battery life and improve reliability. The current passive In balancing methods, excess energy is converted into heat through resistors. 15 Efficiency decreases because of the loss, and in active systems, complex circuit structures And due to high-cost components, optimization remains limited. This In this invention, excess energy is obtained by using a microcontroller-controlled active energy transfer method. The energy is transferred directly to the low-voltage switchgear, thus enabling the balancing process. This is achieved more quickly and efficiently. This approach saves both energy. minimizing losses and allowing the battery pack to operate at full capacity. It increases the range of electric vehicles by enabling their use. Additionally... Thanks to the modular and scalable structure of the system, it can be adapted to different battery packs. It is easily adaptable, reduces production costs, and improves safety. by preventing overcurrent or overvoltage situations caused by batteries using algorithms 25 It reduces the risks. As a result, the invention addresses the shortcomings of existing systems. A cell balancing system that eliminates, highly energy efficient, reliable and long-lasting problems. It offers a solution. To fulfill all the purposes stated above and those that can be derived from the detailed explanation, 30 The invention aims to bring about microcontroller-controlled active energy for electric vehicles. It is related to the transfer cell balancing system. 4 DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1; The subject of the invention is a microcontroller-controlled active energy system for electric vehicles. The image shows a perspective application view of the transfer cell balancing system. REFERENCE NUMBERS 1. Battery pack 2. Cell 10 3. Connection cables 4. Module cover 5th transfer window 6. Microcontroller board 7. Converter 20 8. Energy transfer ports 9. Power cables 10. Mounting housing DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The overall purpose of the invention is to create a complete system that meets the requirements mentioned above. especially those that eliminate disadvantages and bring additional advantages; Microcontroller-controlled active energy transfer-based cell balancing 5 lithium-ion and similar charging systems used in electric vehicles. It relates to the energy management of rechargeable battery packs. Due to the drawbacks of the previous technique, the invention, as described above, It aims to resolve the negative aspects. 10 Figure 1 shows the invention, a microcontroller-controlled active energy system for electric vehicles. The image shows a perspective application view of the transfer cell balancing system. Battery pack (1): 15 used as energy storage unit in electric vehicles a battery pack, by connecting multiple cells in series and / or parallel This package is created. This package is the system's primary energy source and is used for cell balancing. It serves as the main structure in which the process is implemented. Cell (2): Lithium ion or similar rechargeable battery cells, the pack contains at least 20 It is a small energy storage unit. Each cell has a specific voltage and capacity. Differences in voltage and capacity between cells create the need for balancing. Connection cables (3): Cables that provide electrical connection between cells, This enables the safe and low-resistance transmission of current. These cables are suitable for both 25 both series / parallel connection between cells and power to the balancing circuit It enables the transfer. Module cover (4): Physical cover protecting the battery pack and balancing module. It is a cover. It provides mechanical durability, protects against external factors, and ensures the system's safety. 30 It contributes to his work. 6 Transfer circuit (5): It is the electronic circuit that performs active energy transfer. Excess It enables the transfer of energy from high-voltage cells to low-voltage cells. This The circuit is the most critical innovative element of the system and directly increases efficiency. Microcontroller board (6): It is the control center of the system. It controls the voltage of the cells and 5 It continuously monitors their temperatures, runs balancing algorithms, and optimizes the transfer circuit. It manages. The microcontroller optimizes the timing and amount of energy transfer. This ensures the system operates safely and efficiently. Converter (7): DC-DC converter or similar power electronics element. 10 It adjusts voltage levels during energy transfer and has low losses. It enables energy transfer, thereby increasing the system's efficiency. Energy transfer ports (8): Between the cells and the transfer circuit These are electrical contact points. They ensure that energy is transferred to the correct cell. This 15 The points are designed to be compatible with the modular structure of the system. Power cables (9): From battery pack to balancing system and converter These are cables with high current carrying capacity that enable energy transfer. It must be safe, low-resistance, and heat-resistant. 20 Mounting housing (10): Where all components are fixed and mechanical strength is ensured. It is the structure that ensures the orderly placement of system elements, vibration and It provides protection against impacts. Furthermore, thanks to its modular design, it can accommodate different types of objects. Adaptable to battery packs. 25 How the Invention Works and Processes This invention allows for the continuous operation of battery pack cells used in electric vehicles. a system that monitors and balances with microcontroller-controlled active energy transfer. It is a system. The working process involves all elements of the battery pack working together 30 times. It is based on its function. 7 The battery pack (1) is the system's primary energy storage unit. Inside the pack The cells (2) may have different voltage and capacity values. These differences Over time, it reduces battery performance and shortens its lifespan. Between the cells The connection is provided via connecting cables (3). These cables carry both energy flow. It also enables data transfer to the balancing circuit. 5 The external protection of the system is provided by the module cover (4). Inside, the innovative part of the invention is located. There is a transfer circuit (5) which is an element. This circuit has excess energy It facilitates the transfer of energy from low-voltage cells to low-voltage cells. The operation is managed by the microcontroller board (6). The microcontroller assigns 10 to each cell. It continuously monitors voltage and temperature, calculates differences between cells, and It initiates energy transfer. During energy transfer, the DC-DC converter (7) comes into play. This converter, It enables low-loss energy transfer by adjusting voltage levels accordingly. 15 Thus, excess energy is transferred directly to low-voltage switchgear and passively Unnecessary heat generation in systems is prevented. Energy flow, energy transfer. The connection points (8) are routed to the correct cells. These points are the system's It is designed to be compatible with its modular structure. Power cables used during transmission (9) have a high current carrying capacity. It has and enables safe, low-resistance energy transmission. All components, It is fixed on the mounting housing (10). This housing is the mechanical part of the system. It ensures durability, offers protection against vibrations and impacts, and is modular. Its design allows it to be easily adapted to different battery packs. 25 The work process progresses step by step: • The voltage and temperature values ​​of the cells are continuously monitored by the microcontroller. It is monitored. • When a voltage difference is detected, the cell with excess energy is identified. 30 • The microcontroller triggers the transfer circuit and powers the DC-DC converter. It is transferred to the low-voltage cell via this route. 8 • Energy transfer is continued for as long as necessary, preventing overvoltage or current problems. These situations are detected and prevented in advance using software algorithms. • Once the process is complete, the voltage difference between the cells is minimized, and All cells in the battery pack operate in a balanced manner. During the production phase, the system's microcontroller software is used to control the battery pack. It is optimized according to its characteristics. Cell type, capacity and usage. Parameters dependent on the scenario are integrated into the software. Active circuit elements. It is placed in accordance with packaging standards and on the mounting body. It is fixed. 10 In conclusion, this invention minimizes intercellular imbalance and provides energy. reducing losses, extending battery life and increasing the range of electric vehicles It offers an innovative cell balancing solution that enhances safety. The system, With its modular and scalable structure, it can accommodate 15 different battery packs. It is adaptable and provides high efficiency in industrial applications. Benefits and Innovations Provided by the Invention The most important aspect of the advantages offered by this invention is the electric vehicle battery. The goal is to increase energy efficiency in energy packages. In passive balancing systems, more than 20 In this system, excess energy is lost by being converted into heat through the resistors. The energy is transferred directly to the low-voltage cells, thus the battery The total usable capacity of the package is preserved. This means that the electric It increases the range of vehicles, offering users the possibility of longer driving periods. Another advantage is extended battery life. Inter-cell voltage and cell overloading through continuous balancing of capacity differences or excessive discharge is prevented. This balance ensures the longer-lasting chemical composition of the cells. This ensures battery life preservation and extends the battery pack's lifespan. The system also increases reliability. Microcontroller-controlled algorithms, By continuously monitoring the voltage and temperature of the cells, overcurrent, overvoltage or 9 It detects risky situations such as extreme temperatures in advance. This allows the battery to be protected. Safety risks are minimized in the packaging, and the safety of using electric vehicles is ensured. It rises. Another significant advantage is its ability to address the shortcomings of existing systems. Passive 5 Energy losses observed in systems are eliminated, while complex and costly active systems are addressed. a simpler, optimized and lower cost solution compared to existing systems This structure is presented, reducing production costs and making it more suitable for industrial applications. becomes accessible. The modular and scalable structure of the system allows for batteries of different capacities and voltages. This flexibility allows for easy adaptation to existing packages. This flexibility makes electric vehicles A standardizable and widely applicable solution for manufacturers. It creates. Finally, energy transfer is achieved through the use of a low-loss DC-DC converter. Losses are minimized during this process. This both increases efficiency and... This allows the battery pack to operate at high performance for a longer period of time. All of this... When these advantages are combined, the invention improves the range, safety, and economics of electric vehicles. It offers an innovative cell balancing solution that increases its value. 20 To fulfill all the purposes stated above and those that can be derived from the detailed explanation. The invention aims to bring about microcontroller-controlled active energy for electric vehicles. It is related to the transfer cell balancing system.

Claims

REQUESTS 1. Invention; cell based on microcontroller-controlled active energy transfer. Lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles, encompassing balancing systems. and similar rechargeable components forming an energy management system, 5 feature; — battery pack that provides energy storage (1), — cell that enables the storage of electrical energy (2), — connecting cables providing electrical connection between cells (3), 10 — module cover (4) which provides mechanical protection of the system, — transferring excess energy from high-voltage cells to low-voltage cells Active energy transfer circuit (5) that provides transfer, — monitoring the voltage and temperature of the cells and their energy microcontroller board (6) that controls the transfer, 15 — adjusting voltage levels appropriately during energy transfer DC-DC converter (7) which enables the bringing of, — energy that ensures energy transfer is directed to the correct cell transfer ports (8), — power cables that ensure the safe transmission of high current 20 (9), — ensuring the securing of all components and mechanical strength It is characterized by containing a mounting body (10).

2. Invention; cell 25 based on microcontroller-controlled active energy transfer. Lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles, encompassing balancing systems. It is an energy management system consisting of rechargeable elements such as these, and its feature is; — voltage and temperature values ​​of each cell in the battery pack continuous monitoring by the microcontroller, 30 — the microcontroller calculates the voltage differences between the cells, 11 — identifying cells with excess energy, — triggering the active energy transfer circuit of the microcontroller, — energy transfer via a low-loss DC-DC converter redirection to low-voltage switchgear, — the energy transfer must be implemented step-by-step and as needed, 5 — software for overvoltage, current or temperature conditions Prevention through early detection using algorithms, — when the balancing process is complete, the voltage difference between the cells to a minimum level, — thanks to the modular and scalable structure of the system, different capacities 10 and adaptable to battery packs at different voltages. It is characterized by its inclusion.

3. Based on microcontroller-controlled active energy transfer according to claims 1 and 2. Lithium-15 used in electric vehicles, encompassing cell balancing systems. an energy management system consisting of ions and similar rechargeable elements Its characteristic is; — software algorithms running on the microcontroller board (6) By continuously monitoring the voltage and temperature data of the cells, energy 20 It is characterized by its ability to optimize transfer.

4. Based on microcontroller-controlled active energy transfer according to claims 1 and 2. Lithium used in electric vehicles, encompassing cell balancing systems. energy management system consisting of ions and similar rechargeable elements 25 Its characteristic is; — energy transfer ports (8) designed in a modular structure It is characterized by its adaptability to different battery packs. 12 5. Based on microcontroller-controlled active energy transfer according to claims 1 and 2. Lithium used in electric vehicles, encompassing cell balancing systems. an energy management system consisting of ions and similar rechargeable elements Its characteristic is; — after the microcontroller determines the voltage difference between the cells balancing speed by carrying out energy transfer step by step It is characterized by its ability to optimize.

6. 10 based on microcontroller-controlled active energy transfer according to claims 1 and 2. Lithium used in electric vehicles, encompassing cell balancing systems. an energy management system consisting of ions and similar rechargeable elements Its characteristic is; — overvoltage, current, or temperature during energy transfer 15 their conditions are detected in advance by software algorithms It is characterized by being prevented from doing so.

Images