MODULAR DETACHABLE TEMPORARY AMPUTATION SOCKET SYSTEM WITH ELECTROTHERAPY INTEGRATION
Patent Information
- Application Number
- TR202610656
- Authority / Receiving Office
- TR · TR
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-21
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
1 TARIFF MODULAR DETACHABLE ELECTROTHERAPY INTEGRATION TEMPORARY AMPUTATION SOCKET SYSTEM Technological Field: This invention is suitable for prosthetic and orthotic clinics, physical therapy and rehabilitation centers, and amputation clinics. rehabilitation units, pain management clinics, orthopedic rehabilitation centers, university hospitals, training and research hospitals, military rehabilitation centers, 10 prosthetic manufacturing and application centers, biomedical device application areas, and Modular plug-and-play electrotherapy systems that can be used in electrotherapy application areas. It relates to an integrated temporary amputation socket system. State of the Art: 15 In the management of phantom limb pain after amputation. Among the methods commonly used today is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. stimulation (TENS), neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), pharmacological Treatments and manual rehabilitation techniques are included. In particular, TENS and 20 NMES-based applications can help reduce phantom limb pain and stump pain. It is considered among the conservative treatment options for this purpose, and the relevant in applications for the purpose of delivering electrical stimulation to specific anatomical regions Electrodes are attached directly to the skin surface or via tape-like aids. They are positioned in the stump region with fixators. In clinical practice, these 25 Methods mostly involve external stimulation devices, wired electrode connections, and skin stimulation. The procedure is performed via contact-based individual electrode pads. Transparent temporary prosthesis used in the early rehabilitation period after amputation. The sockets, however, are specific to certain 30 due to physiological changes occurring in the stump volume. They are renewed or reproduced periodically. However, the existing TENS / NMES In these applications, the electrodes are not directly integrated into the socket system. 2 Therefore, electrodes must be repositioned and properly adjusted with each socket change. The stimulation points need to be redefined. This affects the treatment. This causes the application to be installed with a different initial setup each time; This prolongs the clinical application period, creates variability depending on the practitioner, and This makes standardizing treatment protocols difficult. Every 5 electrodes... The ability to place it in different locations during the procedure allows for targeted anatomical stimulation. by preventing its recurrence with the same accuracy in the regions, thus improving treatment effectiveness. This can negatively affect its repeatability. Current systems use electrodes that are adhesive or tape-fixed to the skin. 10 structures may experience displacement, slippage, or deterioration in contact quality during use. It is also open to problems, especially with daily use in conjunction with a temporary prosthetic socket. When it comes to this, factors such as movement, sweating, mechanical friction, and prolonged use are important. Factors can reduce the stability of the electrodes. In addition, wired connections... Its structure leads to cable clutter in the outdoor environment; both restricting patient movements. 15 This can both limit and reduce the comfort of daily use. The electrodes Direct application to the skin can cause irritation, redness, and redness in the sensitive stump tissue. and increases the risk of allergic reactions; this situation leads to treatment complications in some user groups. This makes integration difficult. In known techniques, prosthetic sockets are electrodes used in myoelectric prostheses. Various solutions are available, such as interfaces and sensor systems placed inside sockets. However, these are essentially muscle signal acquisition, prosthesis control, or sensor data. These are structures designed for obtaining phantom limb pain management using TENS / NMES. its electrodes are integrated with a transparent temporary amputation socket, detachable and replaceable, and 25 It is a modular device that can be removed from the old socket and transferred to the new socket during a socket change. No direct solution has been identified for its use in construction. The literature discusses the potential effects of TENS application on phantom limb pain and stump pain. While there are studies showing positive effects, the majority of these studies... Most of them are based on the external application of electrodes to the skin. 30 3 Therefore, current systems suffer from issues such as the inability to maintain electrode position and socket replacement. Interruption of treatment continuity in these processes wastes time and effort in clinical practice. increased workload, disruption of application standardization, additional expenses and rework technical and other factors such as the creation of location costs and a decrease in user comfort It has operational shortcomings. Especially the 5 where temporary transparent sockets are used. In amputation rehabilitation, electrotherapy is integrated with the prosthetic process. and the inability to sustain it in a repeatable manner, current techniques are insufficient to solve it. This emerges as one of the fundamental problems that remains. Description of the invention: 10 The invention aims to improve the condition of lower extremity amputations, particularly in the initial post-amputation period. Management of phantom limb pain, commonly encountered in the 12–18 month period. A removable prosthetic socket, developed for this purpose, that works in conjunction with a transparent temporary prosthetic socket. It offers a feature-rich TENS / NMES electrode module system. The system includes a temporary prosthesis 15 The channel-rail mechanism placed on the outer surface of the socket, mounted on this mechanism The detachable electrode module is compatible with standard electrical stimulation devices. thanks to the connection port and waterproof insulation layer, electrotherapy application It transforms into a structural system that works in conjunction with the prosthetic socket. This structure incorporates TENS and NMES applications are not only performed with independent electrodes placed on the skin, but also with 20 through a controlled module integrated into the prosthetic rehabilitation process It enables its implementation. One of the key advantages of the invention is the electrode during the renewal of temporary sockets. The module can be quickly removed from the old socket and transferred to the new socket. Thus, 25 The electrode position is maintained, eliminating the need for repositioning, and Treatment continuity can be maintained without interruption. Each of the electrodes... being able to use it in the same reference location in practice, application standardization. strengthening; by enabling more consistent application of treatment parameters It increases clinical reproducibility in the management of phantom pain. This is the case for only 30 not only does this lead to more predictable treatment outcomes on a patient-by-patient basis, but also It also contributes to making clinical practice protocols more systematic. 4 The invention involves mechanically holding the electrodes within a channel-rail structure on the socket. This reduces electrode slippage and makes electrical stimulation more reliable. This allows for application in this manner. Tape or additional fixatives can be applied to the skin. Reducing the need for use, decreasing the risk of irritation and allergic reactions in the stump area. It contributes to lowering the temperature. Also, loose cables and accessories in the outdoor environment. The reduction in the amount of movement allows the user to move more comfortably during daily life activities. supporting its use; comfort of prosthesis use and adaptation to the rehabilitation process. It increases. In this respect, the system enhances not only therapeutic effectiveness, but also... It is a holistic medical solution that also improves user experience. 10 Thanks to its modular design, the same electrode module can be reused in multiple temporary sockets. Its usability constitutes a significant advantage from both clinical and economic perspectives. Socket There is no need to plan a new electrode placement process after the change, It shortens the application time and reduces the workload of healthcare personnel. Same 15 At the same time, a new electrode arrangement is installed or additional consumables are required with each socket replacement. Reduced material consumption requirements, a cost-effective usage model. This structure offers services, particularly in prosthetics and orthotics clinics, and physical therapy and rehabilitation centers. centers, university hospitals, training and research hospitals, and military In institutions with intensive application such as rehabilitation centers, operational 20 It provides a significant benefit in terms of efficiency. Another advantage of the invention is its compatibility with standard commercial TENS / NMES devices. It has a port. This allows the system to work together with the existing clinical infrastructure. It is designed to work without requiring investment in an additional stimulation device. 25 It can be applied without being noticed. The insulation structure, which is protected against water and moisture, is safe. while supporting the terms of use, maintenance, cleaning and, if necessary, maintenance of modular components. It also simplifies parts replacement procedures. These features ensure the system's long-term performance. facilitating its clinical use and ensuring its sustainability as a medical device. It is increasing. 30 The invention is not limited to a solution involving only temporary lower extremity amputation sockets, In the future, permanent prosthetic sockets, upper extremity prostheses, and smart prosthetics will be developed. It offers an infrastructure that can be adapted to rehabilitation systems. The system includes TENS and In addition to NMES applications, future FES-like electrical stimulation... It is also capable of being developed in a way that allows it to work compatibly with other methods. Furthermore, 5 impedance sensors, Bluetooth / NFC communication modules, and digital health monitoring. Its ability to be integrated with advanced components such as systems makes the invention unique. Moving away from being an existing clinical solution and towards next-generation rehabilitation technologies This makes it an expandable platform. When the technical and commercial value of the invention are considered together, it benefits the prosthetics and orthotics sector, as well as the physics industry. treatment and rehabilitation technologies, pain management devices, and neurostimulation The devices appear to have high application potential in terms of market performance. Its structure is suitable for domestic production, its modular design and compatibility with existing treatment infrastructures. Thanks to its functionality, the system offers 15 benefits for healthcare organizations, clinicians, and users. It offers an accessible and feasible solution. In addition, phantom limbs... There is a direct link between pain management and supporting the prosthesis adaptation process. its establishment, the invention in rehabilitation engineering, biomedical device technologies and This enables it to gain an innovative position in the field of medical electronics. In conclusion, the invention involves a transparent temporary prosthetic socket that works in conjunction with other sockets. a transferable, reusable and standardized TENS / NMES electrode module By offering this system, electrotherapy applications become a natural part of the prosthetic rehabilitation process. It makes it a part of the process. In this respect, the invention improves patient comfort and treatment continuity. improving clinical efficiency and cost-effectiveness simultaneously; and also in the future 25 a scalable system that can be integrated into different prosthetic and neurostimulation platforms It provides a technical solution. Explaining the Figures: The invention will be described by referring to the attached figures, so that the features of the invention can be explained. It will be understood and appreciated more clearly, but the purpose of this invention is this obvious 6 It is not about limiting it with regulations. On the contrary, the invention is defined by the accompanying claims. all alternatives, modifications, and options that could be included within the defined area The aim is to cover their equivalences. The details shown are only for the present invention. It is shown to illustrate the preferred arrangements and both the methods the most useful 5 of the rules and conceptual features of the invention, as well as its shaping. It should be understood that they are presented to provide a readily understandable definition. This in the drawings; Figure 1 is a perspective view of the system. Figure 2 shows the disassembled view of the system. 10 Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the system. Illustrations that will help understand this invention are shown in the attached image. They are numbered and their names are given below. Explanation of References: 1. Transparent Temporary Amputation Socket Body 2. Channel / Rail System 3. Detachable Electrode Module 20 4. Conductive Electrode Pads 5. Rail Connector and Locking Claws 6. Conductive Hydrogel Interface 7. Spring-Click Locking Mechanism 8. Standard Connector Port 25 9. Waterproof Insulation and Sealing Layer Description of the Invention: The invention consists of a transparent temporary amputation socket housing (1), the transparent temporary 30 a channel / rail system (2) located on the amputation socket body (1), a plug-in system (2) that can be installed into the channel / rail system 7 electrode module (3), located on the aforementioned detachable electrode module (3) and at least one conductive electrode arranged to make contact with the user's stump area The pad (4) is mechanical between the removable electrode module (3) and the channel / rail system (2). with a rail connector and locking lugs (5), conductive electrode pads (4) providing connection. a conductive hydrogel interface that provides electrical conductivity between the user's skin (6), 5 detachable electrode module (3) at the selected position on the channel / rail system (2) a spring-click locking mechanism (7) that secures an external TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) and / or NMES (Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation) a standard connector port (8) that establishes an electrical connection with the device and at least 10 connection around the standard connector port (8) and / or plug-in electrode module (3) a waterproof insulation and sealing layer located in the regions (9) It includes. The invention relates to the outer 15 of the transparent temporary amputation socket housing (1) of the canal / rail system (2). It has a structure in which it is placed along a linear guide line extending to its surface. The invention involves sliding the detachable electrode module (3) into the channel / rail system (2). will be inserted and removed from the first transparent temporary amputation socket body. 20 to be fitted into the channel / rail system in the body of a second transparent temporary amputation socket It has a structure with a mechanical connection geometry that matches the diagram. The invention consists of conductive electrode pads (4) separated from each other on a detachable electrode module (3). It has a structure in which the components are placed to create at least two spaced contact zones. The invention is a rail 25 that guides the detachable electrode module (3) along the channel / rail system (2). connector and lock tabs (5) and secure the said module in the selected position It includes a spring-click locking mechanism (7). The invention relates to the waterproof insulation and sealing layer (9), standard connector port (8) around and connection with the channel / rail system (2) of the detachable electrode module (3) 30 It has a structure located in the region. 8 The invention is the body of a transparent temporary amputation socket (1) made of low-density polyethylene, It has a structure formed from copolymer or thermoplastic-based material. The invention is a modular, detachable temporary amputation socket with integrated electrotherapy. Within the scope of the system's usage and application method, the user's stump area 5 Providing a surrounding transparent temporary amputation socket body (1) Channel / rail system (2) located on the transparent temporary amputation socket body (1) Insertion of the removable electrode module (3) inside, removable electrode module (3) the conductive electrode pads (4) on it will correspond to the user stump region positioning of the detachable electrode module (3), spring-click locking 10 fixing on the channel / rail system (2) by means of the mechanism (7), standard Electrical connection with a TENS and / or NMES device via connector port (8) the establishment, conduction of the electrical stimulus sent from the TENS and / or NMES device Application to the user stump area via electrode pads (4), transparent temporary When the amputation socket housing (1) needs to be replaced, the detachable electrode 15 removal of module (3) from the existing socket and another transparent temporary amputation socket steps for repositioning into the channel / rail system (2) on the body (1) It includes. The invention involves a detachable electrode module (3) that can be slid along the channel / rail system (2) 20 It has an application arrangement in which it is placed. The invention is the detachable electrode module (3) a spring-click locking mechanism (7) which locks in the selected position is engaged It has an implementation plan. The invention creates an electrical contact between conductive electrode pads (4) and the user's skin. It has an application arrangement in which the conductive hydrogel interface (6) is brought into contact. The invention relates to the first transparent temporary electrode module (3) that can be plugged in or removed during socket replacement. The second transparent temporary amputation socket is removed from the channel / rail system (2) in the amputation socket body. An application where the amputation socket is attached to the channel / rail system (2) in the body 30 It has a structure. 9 Detailed Description of the Invention: The invention relates to a temporary prosthetic socket used after amputation and electrotherapy. It relates to a modular system structure that enables its components to work together. The system consists of a transparent temporary amputation socket body (1) 5 as the basic support structure. It includes the transparent temporary amputation socket housing (1) for the user. It is shaped to surround the stump region and the other components of the system. It carries on it. The transparent temporary amputation socket housing (1) is removable. a channel / rail that allows controlled placement of the electrode module (3) system (2) is located. 10 The channel / rail system (2) is attached to the outer surface of the transparent temporary amputation socket housing (1). It is placed along a linear guide line that extends and the detachable electrode It enables the module (3) to be attached to the system by moving in a specific direction. This channel / rail system (2) connects the socket housing (1) of the plug-in electrode module (3). It allows for placement within a repeatable positional relationship. The channel / rail system (2) also includes the removable electrode module (3) when needed. a mechanical one suitable for being removed and reattached to another socket housing (1) It serves as a guide. 20 The detachable electrode module (3) can be placed inside the channel / rail system (2). It forms the main functional component of the structured detachable electrode module (3), It is slid along the channel / rail system (2) and fitted onto the socket housing (1) and After use, it can be removed via the same channel / rail system (2). This 25 module (3) is removed from the first transparent temporary amputation socket body and a second re-channel / rail system (2) in transparent temporary amputation socket body It has a matching mechanical connection geometry that allows it to be installed. Thus, the module (3) can be reused in socket change processes. It is possible to transfer it. 30 The detachable electrode module (3) should be placed on the user's stump area in contact with the device. At least one conductive electrode pad (4) is arranged. In the application method, conductive electrode pads (4) at least two contacts spaced apart on module (3) These conductive electrode pads (4) are placed to form the region. The electrical stimulus transmitted from the TENS and / or NMES device to the user's stump area 5 It enables the transfer of electrode pads (4). The position of the electrode pads is for the detachable electrode. depending on the position of the module (3) on the socket housing (1) in the stump region It is determined to correspond to a specific contact area. The mechanical relationship between the detachable electrode module (3) and the channel / rail system (2), rail 10 This is provided via the connector and locking tabs (5). Rail connector and locking tabs The claws (5) guide the module (3) along the channel / rail system (2) and the module (3) channel / rail system (2) ensures mechanical retention. This structure thanks to the removable electrode module (3), controlled channel / rail system (2) inside. It is inserted in this way, advanced along the desired path, and mechanically moved within the system 15 It is being moved. A spring-click is used to fix the detachable electrode module (3) in the selected position. Locking mechanism (7) is used. Spring-click locking mechanism (7), module (3) After being advanced along the channel / rail system (2), the module is at the designated position 20 This ensures that the module (3) is held in place by the socket housing (1) during use. It is kept in the desired position. Spring-click locking mechanism (7), If necessary, the module (3) can be removed or moved to a different location. It also allows for its acquisition. The electrical conductivity between the conductive electrode pads (4) and the user's skin A conductive hydrogel interface (6) is used to provide this. Conductive hydrogel interface (6), contact area between electrode pads (4) and user skin It is located and contributes to establishing electrical contact. This interface (6), when the detachable electrode module (3) is placed on the socket housing (1), the electrode 30 It forms a contact layer between the pads (4) and the stump region. 11 The detachable electrode module (3) is standard with an external TENS and / or NMES device. It establishes an electrical connection via the connector port (8). Standard connector port (8), electrical transmission line between the system and the external electrotherapy device It is formed by the electrical stimulus from the external device, standard connector port (8) It is transferred from there to the detachable electrode module (3), from which the conductive electrode 5 It is delivered to the pads (4) and then applied to the user's stump area. In order to protect the electrical connection areas in the system from external environmental influences, a waterproof insulation and sealing layer (9) is included. waterproof insulation and sealing layer (9), at least around the standard connector port (8) 10 and the junction area of the removable electrode module (3) with the channel / rail system (2) They are positioned in such a way that the electrical connection areas and module connections are located. These areas are isolated from external liquid and moisture influences. The invention primarily involves the use of a transparent temporary 15-inch stump suitable for the user's dwarf area. The amputation socket housing (1) is provided. Then the detachable electrode module (3), by sliding into the channel / rail system (2) located on the socket body (1) is installed. During installation, the rail connector and locking tabs (5) of the module (3) channel / rail system (2) enables guidance along the channel / rail system. Detachable electrode When the module (3) reaches the desired position, the spring-click locking mechanism (7) is activated. The module (3) is fixed on the channel / rail system (2). After the detachable electrode module (3) is fixed, the conductive electrode pads (4) are attached to the user It is in contact position corresponding to the stump region. Conductive. The hydrogel interface (6) is located between the electrode pads (4) and the user's skin and 25 It helps establish electrical contact. Subsequently, a standard connector port. (8) A connection is established with an external TENS and / or NMES device and from the device The electrical stimulus sent through the electrode pads (4) to the user's stump region is being implemented. Replacement of the transparent temporary amputation socket housing (1) during the use process If necessary, the removable electrode module (3) can be inserted into the channel / rail in the existing socket housing. 12 It is removed from the system (2). Then a new transparent temporary amputation socket body is inserted. (1) channel / rail system (2) inside the same detachable electrode module (3) It is being repositioned. During this process, the removable electrode module (3), channel / rail thanks to the matching mechanical connection geometry compatible with the system (2) the new socket It is installed. On the new socket, the module (3), rail connector and locking tabs (5) are attached. is guided and in the selected position by means of the spring-click locking mechanism (7). It is fixed. Thus, the same detachable electrode module (3) can hold multiple transparent temporary electrodes. It can be used with the amputation socket body (1). Transparent temporary amputation socket housing (1), low-density polyethylene, copolymer 10 or it can be made from thermoplastic-based material. This material structure, socket shaping of the trunk (1) to adapt to the user's stump region and allows system components to be carried on the socket housing (1). 20 30
Claims
13 REQUESTS 1- Invention: Modular, detachable temporary amputation socket with integrated electrotherapy. It relates to the system and its characteristic is; a transparent temporary amputation socket housing (1), 5 on the transparent temporary amputation socket body (1) a channel / rail system located (2), a plug structured to be placed inside the channel / rail system (2) remove electrode module (3), located on the detachable electrode module (3) and the user stump 10 at least one conductive electrode pad arranged to be in contact with the region (4), Mechanical connection between the detachable electrode module (3) and the channel / rail system (2) a rail connector and locking tabs (5), Electrical conductivity between conductive electrode pads (4) and user skin a conductive hydrogel interface (6), 15 remove the electrode module (3) at the selected position on the channel / rail system (2) a spring-click locking mechanism (7), an external TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) Electrical Nerve Stimulation) and / or NMES (Neuromuscular Electrical) Stimulation / Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation), electrical 20 with the device. a standard connector port (8) that establishes a connection and at least around the standard connector port (8) and / or detachable electrode The module (3) has a waterproof insulation located in the connection areas and It contains a sealing layer (9). 2- The modular, detachable, electrotherapy integrated temporary device mentioned in Claim 1. It is an amputation socket system, the feature of which is; channel / rail system (2), transparent temporary along a linear guide line extending to the outer surface of the amputation socket body (1) It is characterized by its location. 3- The modular, detachable, electrotherapy integrated temporary device mentioned in Claim 1. It is an amputation socket system, and its feature is the removable electrode module (3), channel / rail 14 The system (2) will be slid into place and a first transparent temporary amputation the socket is removed from its housing and placed in a second transparent temporary amputation socket housing. Having a matching mechanical connection geometry for installation in the channel / rail system. It is characterized by its being. 4- The modular, detachable, electrotherapy integrated temporary device mentioned in Claim 1. It is an amputation socket system, the feature of which is that the conductive electrode pads (4) are removable. will form at least two contact areas spaced apart on the electrode module (3) It is characterized by being placed in a certain way. 5- Temporary device with modular detachable electrotherapy integration mentioned in Claim 1. It is an amputation socket system, its feature is; plug-in electrode module (3) channel / rail the rail connector and locking tabs (5) guiding along the system (2) and the said It includes a spring-click locking mechanism (7) that fixes the module in the selected position. It is a characterization. 15 6- The modular, detachable, electrotherapy integrated temporary device mentioned in Claim 1. It is an amputation socket system, characterized by its waterproof insulation and leak-proof design. layer (9), around the standard connector port (8) and the plug-in electrode module (3) It is characterized by being located in the junction area with the channel / rail system (2). 20 7- The modular, detachable, electrotherapy integrated temporary device mentioned in Claim 1. It is an amputation socket system, the feature of which is the transparent temporary amputation socket body (1) low-density polyethylene, copolymer, or thermoplastic-based material It is characterized by the fact that it has been created. 25 8- Invention: Modular, detachable temporary amputation socket with integrated electrotherapy. The system is a production method, its characteristic is; Transparent temporary amputation socket surrounding the user's stump area the provision of its body (1), 30 located on the transparent temporary amputation socket body (1) Placement of the detachable electrode module (3) into the channel / rail system (2), The user's conductive electrode pads (4) on the detachable electrode module (3) positioning it to correspond to the stump region, the detachable electrode module (3) via the spring-click locking mechanism (7) fixing on the channel / rail system (2), a TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical 5) via a standard connector port (8) Nerve Stimulation / Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) and / or NMES (Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation) (Stimulation), establishing an electrical connection with the device, TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) Nerve Stimulation) and / or NMES (Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation / 10 Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NESS) is the electrical impulse sent from the device. the stimulus is transmitted to the user stump area via conductive electrode pads (4). implementation, When the transparent temporary amputation socket body (1) needs to be replaced, attach it. Remove the electrode module (3) from the existing socket and insert another transparent 15 into the channel / rail system (2) on the temporary amputation socket body (1) It includes the steps for the repositioning process. 9- The method mentioned in claim 8 is characterized by its detachable electrode module (3) 20 characterized by including the sliding placement step along the channel / rail system (2). It is done. 10- The method mentioned in claim 8 is characterized by the selection of a removable electrode module (3). the step of engaging the spring-click locking mechanism (7) which fixes it in position It is characterized by its inclusion. 25 11- The method mentioned in claim 8, its feature is; conductive electrode pads (4) and the user contact of the conductive hydrogel interface (6) that forms electrical contact between the skin It is characterized by the fact that it includes the step of making it happen. 12- This is the method mentioned in Request 8, and its characteristic is that it is plug-and-play during socket replacement. electrode module (3), channel / rail in the first transparent temporary amputation socket body 16 by removing it from the system (2) and the channel / rail in the body of the second transparent temporary amputation socket It is characterized by including the (2) insertion step into the system. 10 20 30