Mini-channel monoblock hybrid heat sink with phase change media (PCM) chambers.

Abstract

The invention relates to a monoblock hybrid heat sink incorporating active liquid cooling and passive phase change heat storage mechanisms with miniducts and phase change medium (PCM) chambers.

Description

1 TARIFF Mini-channel with phase change media (PCM) chambers. MONOBLOC HYBRID HEAT SINK Technical Field to Which the Invention Relates The invention relates to a miniduct-based, active liquid cooling system with phase change media (PCM) chambers, and Monoblock hybrid heat sink incorporating passive phase change heat storage mechanisms. It is related to. State of the Art Technological advancements are bringing electronic systems from the defense industry to everyday life. its widespread use in a wide range of devices, from portable to wearable devices This has led to billions of miniature-scale productions thanks to evolving manufacturing techniques. Transistor-based processors can be integrated into very limited storage spaces. This 15 The situation is heat per unit surface area, especially in high-performance systems. This leads to a significant increase in flux. In this context, advanced electronics Heat flux values ​​generated in systems have reached very high levels today. It can reach this level. This high heat load generated in electronic systems can be effectively managed. If not removed, thermal stresses, mechanical deformations, and performance issues will occur. This can lead to serious problems such as system instability and shortened device lifespan. It opens up. Therefore, it can control high heat fluxes in limited volumes. Advanced thermal management solutions are needed. In current technology, liquid-cooled miniducts or 25 are used for managing high heat fluxes. Microchannel structures are widely used. In these systems, the refrigerant fluid... Heat is removed from the system by forced convection through narrow channels. is removed. However, transient or pulsed thermal loads occur. In these cases, only active liquid cooling systems can effectively mitigate temperature increases. It cannot limit it. Also, events such as pump failure, power outage, or flow cessation can occur. In these situations, when active cooling is disabled, the system temperature quickly becomes critical. These problems can reach certain levels. In order to overcome these problems, the current technique requires phase Phase-changing materials (PDM) are used as passive heat storage elements. Substances that undergo phase change release thermal energy as latent heat during solid-liquid phase transition. 2 By storing these substances, it helps to limit temporary temperature increases. However, Only in FDM-based systems is the stored heat efficiently removed from the system. inability to remove it, thermal performance under long-term operating conditions This can lead to a decrease. Therefore, in recent years, minichannel-based active cooling systems and FDM-based passive cooling systems have become more common. Hybrid thermal management approaches that combine heat storage systems It has been developed. In the literature, active and passive thermal management mechanisms are used together. Various hybrid systems using this technology have been proposed. The mini hybrid system developed by Li et al. (2024) In a channel-based phase change heat sink structure, active air cooling and FDM-based passive heat sink 10 Storage mechanisms have been used together. Similarly, Sodhi et al. (2021) In the hybrid passive heat sink system developed by [company name], a finned structure is combined with FDM (Fluid-Diesel Deposition). The aim is to control temporary thermal loads by introducing these systems. However, the aforementioned In these systems, FDM compartments and cooling elements are designed as separate components. and is an integrated structure formed within a single, monoblock unit, 15 The system is not mentioned. The hybrid system proposed by Ramesh and Sharma (2023) In microchannel systems, liquid-cooled microchannels and FDM compartments are used together. Lyu et al. (2024) used microchannels with an FDM / aluminum foam matrix. Yan et al. (2020) proposed a hybrid structure that brings together microchannel structures, while In part, microencapsulated FDM was used. Similarly, Rajabifar (2015) and Ho 20 In studies conducted by et al. (2021), emulsion into FDM fluid or phase change with active liquid cooling by adding in slurry form at the same flow. This was carried out within its volume. However, in these approaches, for the phase-changing substance... There are no separate FDM reservoirs created. By Krishnan et al. (2005) In the proposed system, the FDM consists of a central chamber into which the tip sections of the fins are immersed. 25 It is located inside and active cooling is provided by airflow. In the hybrid thermal management systems proposed in the studies on this subject, with FDM compartments Liquid cooling systems are integrated within a layered (sandwich type) architecture. Existing A review of the literature reveals that hybrid systems have separate flow channels and FDM reservoirs. 30 multi-part or layered structures that are produced in components and then assembled It appears to consist of (sandwich-type) structures. In these structures, flow channels and phases... material changing chambers, covers, interface materials and fasteners They are assembled in separate parts. This results in interface-related thermal contact. It increases resistance, creates air gaps, and is a thermal interface material. 3 This creates a need for it and negatively affects the heat transfer performance of the system. In addition, in multi-part structures, connection loosening, sealing problems, and contact issues can occur. Reliability issues such as losses and maintenance requirements may arise. Furthermore On the other hand, the volume that may occur during the phase change of phase-changing substances Changes require additional engineering in terms of sealing and mechanical design. 5 This creates the need. Accordingly, in the current technology, active liquid cooling is used. passive phase change heat storage mechanisms within the same monoblock structure It is manufacturable in a compact structure that brings together and reduces interface-related thermal contact resistance. and a hybrid heat sink that provides high thermal performance is needed. The limitations and inadequacies of current technological solutions are very significant in heat sink systems. High thermal contact resistance resulting from segmented and layered structures, at interfaces the formation of air gaps, the need for thermal interface materials, Problems related to sealing and connection reliability may arise due to sudden thermal loads. the inability to adequately limit temperature peaks and the effectiveness in compact volumes 15 Due to reasons such as the inability to ensure thermal management, a study should be conducted in this area. It has been made necessary. Brief Description and Objectives of the Invention The invention is a mini-duct, active liquid cooling system with phase change media (PCM) chambers and 20 Monoblock hybrid heat sink incorporating passive phase change heat storage mechanisms. It is related to. One aim of the invention is to achieve efficient heat removal in systems exposed to high heat flux. The goal is to develop a heat sink that enables this. For this purpose, a monoblock body 25 The refrigerant flows through the mini-channels created inside. by circulating heat and transferring it out of the system via forced convection. is being brought in. The invention focuses on limiting temperature peaks that occur under sudden and pulsed thermal loads. 30 The aim is to position the phase between the minichannel flow channels. During the phase change of the FDM located in the material changing chambers, thermal energy is stored. This is achieved by storing heat. 4 Another aim of the invention is to address interface-related heat sink issues observed in multi-part and layered heat sink structures. The aim is to reduce thermal contact resistance. Single FDM chambers with mini-channel flow channels. The thermal contact resistance is improved by forming the part integrally within a monoblock body. is being reduced. The invention enables the combined provision of active and passive thermal management in compact volumes. The aim is to achieve this by providing active cooling with mini-channel flow channels and passive cooling. FDM chambers that provide heat storage are arranged sequentially within the same housing. by positioning it in such a way as to create a comb-like arrangement Accordingly, at least one mini-channel flow channel and at least one FDM reservoir 10 They are positioned sequentially and throughout the structure, the mini-channel – FDM chamber – a sequential arrangement is formed, continuing in the form of minichannel–FDM chamber. is being brought in. The invention also involves reducing local temperature concentrations and achieving a more homogeneous 15 The aim is to obtain the temperature distribution. This objective is achieved by transferring heat to a monoblock body. spreading throughout and through the inlet and outlet plenums of the coolant This is achieved by distributing the flow evenly across the mini-channels. The invention describes a scenario where the active cooling capacity is exceeded or the active cooling is deactivated. The aim is to improve system security in these situations. This purpose is achieved through FDM. thanks to the passive heat storage capacity of the phase-change material contained in their chambers This helps to delay sudden temperature increases and increase safe working time. This is accomplished by ensuring its provision. Another aim of the invention is to simplify production processes, reduce the need for assembly, and The goal is to develop a hybrid heat sink structure that facilitates industrial-scale production. The aim is to combine the FDM chambers with mini-channel flow channels into a single, monoblock body. This is accomplished thanks to its creation within the system. Another objective of the invention is to transfer the thermal energy stored in the phase-change material to a monoblock 30 facilitating the transfer of refrigerant from the shell to the mini-channels and phase The goal is to contribute to the re-solidification process of the altering substance. Another aim of the invention is to create thermal interfaces used in multi-component structures. an integrated hybrid heat sink that reduces or eliminates the need for materials The goal is to improve its structure. Explanation of the figures 5 Figure 1. General view and components of a monoblock hybrid heat sink design. Figure 2. Perspective view of a monoblock hybrid heat sink. Figure 3. Front view and cross-sectional view of the monoblock hybrid heat sink. Explanation of References in Figures 10 1. Monoblock Main Body 2. Minichannel Flow Channel 3. Phase Change Material (PCM) Reservoir 4. Sealing Element 5. Top Cover 15 6. Fluid Inlet / Outlet Connection Ports 7. Inlet and Outlet Plenums Detailed Description of the Invention The invention is a mini-channel active liquid cooling system with phase change material (PCM) chambers (3). monoblock hybrid heat exchangers incorporating both passive and phase-change heat storage mechanisms. It is related to the buyer. The invention concerns the thermal management of a heat source exposed to high heat flux. Monoblock hybrid heat sink for use; 25  It has high thermal conductivity, enabling the transfer of heat from the heat source. monoblock main body (1) formed as a single piece from metallic material.  The coolant located inside the monoblock main body (1) and passing through it enabling the removal of heat through forced convection via a fluid at least one minichannel stream channel (2), 30  at least one minichannel flow channel (2) and the monoblock main body (1) are connected to each other. positioned to form a sequence of channels of a comb-like pattern Thus, by containing a phase-change material, it converts heat into latent heat under sudden heat loads. 6 a blind, closed-ended device with no input or output, storing at least one phase shifter. substance (FDM) reservoir (3),  homogeneous distribution of refrigerant into mini-channel flow channels (2) and collection of refrigerant from at least one minichannel flow channel (2) inlet and outlet plenums with fluid connection with monoblock shell (7), 5  at least one minichannel flow channel (2) located on the monoblock main body (1) and at least one phase change material (PCM) container (3) leakproof a top cover (5) supported by a sealing element (4) that closes, It includes. In one application of the invention, the monoblock main body (1) has high thermal conductivity. It is made of materials. In one application of the invention, the monoblock main body (1) Aluminum alloys are manufactured from copper or copper alloy materials. In one application of the invention, the hydraulic diameter of the mentioned mini-channel flow channels (2) is 15 It ranges from 200 µm to 3 mm, depending on the application area and thermal design requirements. Different channel sizes can also be used. In one application of the invention, the aforementioned phase change material (PCM) is organic. 20 containing inorganic or eutectic phase change materials and different additives The composite is FDM. A preferred application of the invention involves the aforementioned phase-change material. The material is paraffin. The selection of the phase-change material depends on the target operating temperature. range, latent heat capacity and application requirements It can be changed. In one application of the invention, the top cover (5) is made of a transparent material. This In practice, it is used together with the sealing element located on the main body. The transparent top cover (5) ensures that the FDM container is sealed and It allows for the visual monitoring of the phase change process. In one application of the invention, the sealing element is a circumferential O-ring gasket. In one application of the invention, the refrigerant is a Newtonian fluid, a Newtonian fluid. It is a non-fluid or nanofluid. 7 In the invention, the terms inlet and outlet plenum refer to the flow of refrigerant into mini-channel channels. (2) distributed and collected from minichannel flow channels (2) fluid inlet / outlet It refers to the flow distribution volumes that are directed to the connection points (6). Input The plenum ensures the homogeneous distribution of the fluid into the mini-channels, while the outlet The plenum is the collection and redirection of fluid exiting from the mini-channels to outside the system. 5 It provides. The invention provides efficient heat removal and temperature jump in systems exposed to high heat flux. It was developed to limit increases in thermal management and heat transfer. It relates to the technical field and includes radar and UAVs in the defense industry and aviation sectors. in thermal management of avionics systems, AI (artificial intelligence) accelerator chips, automotive In the sector, especially the thermal aspects of the fast charging and discharging processes of electric vehicle batteries. controlled by microprocessors, laser diodes, and similar high power density devices. thermal management that can be used in cooling electronic components It encompasses systems. The invention, in particular, deals with 15 systems where sudden and high heat loads occur. In these cases, the thermal energy of a substance undergoing phase change is released as latent heat during the phase change. While limiting temperature increase with storage capacity, continuous operation is ensured thanks to mini-channel structures. and by providing efficient heat transfer, thereby improving the thermal performance of the system. It contributes to this. In this respect, the invention combines active liquid cooling with passive phase change heat transfer. a hybrid thermal management solution that brings together storage mechanisms 20 It presents. In the preferred application of the invention, the phase with minichannel flow channels (2) Modifying matter (FDM) chambers (3) follow one another inside the monoblock main body (1) They are arranged sequentially to form a comb-like pattern. Accordingly at least one minichannel flow channel (2) and at least one FDM reservoir (3) consecutively is positioned and throughout the structure minichannel–FDM chamber–minichannel–FDM 25 A sequential arrangement is created, continuing in the form of a reservoir. This The arrangement combines an active cooling mechanism with a passive heat storage mechanism. They work together in an integrated way that complements each other, thus creating a system-wide effect. reducing temperature fluctuations and achieving a more homogeneous temperature distribution. It contributes to the development of a specific maximum heat flux value of 30. It is not limited. Design; dimensions, type of FDM used, fluid flow rate, channel It can operate under different thermal loads depending on its geometry and material properties. It can be designed in this way. The invention is particularly suitable for high power density electronics. It was developed for the purpose of managing high heat fluxes occurring in systems. (Invention) 8 It is not limited to a specific number of minichannels. Channel numbers vary depending on the application area. This depends on the targeted heat load, dimensional constraints, and desired thermal performance criteria. This can be changed depending on the number of FDM chambers, the application area, and the target temperature. depending on the load, dimensional constraints and desired thermal performance criteria It can be modified. This invention, as a solution to the problems in the current technology, is the mini-channel 5. one-piece (monoblock) of phase change material (PCM) chambers (3) with flow channels (2) It offers a hybrid heat sink that is integrated into a single structure. Thanks to the design, the multi-part systems commonly used in the literature are formed Interface-related thermal contact resistance is reduced and active within a single compact volume. 10 passive phase change heat storage mechanisms with liquid cooling (forced convection) Simultaneous and integrated operation is ensured. The proposed hybrid system, continuous heat removal via mini-channels and through FDM chambers Latent heat during phase change of heat resulting from transient thermal loads It offers an integrated thermal management solution that provides both thermal storage and thermal protection. Unlike the multi-part and layered designs found in current technology, the invention incorporates flow. The channels and FDM chambers are integrated within a single-piece (monoblock) main body. It is designed in this way. Thanks to this, the thermal contact resistance arising from the interfaces is reduced to air. Gaps and the need for thermal interface materials are eliminated. Thus, thermal resistance is reduced and heat is transferred more efficiently to the cooling medium. 20 This is ensured. In addition, thanks to the one-piece metallic structure, heat is distributed more evenly across the surface. By ensuring a homogeneous distribution, local temperature concentrations are reduced. In this invention... The phase change material (PCM) used can be solid or partially solid, depending on the operating conditions. It can be found in molten or liquid phase. The phase change of FDM depends on the material used. This occurs when it reaches its melting point. 25 occurs during the phase change. possible volume change, closed FDM chambers, top cover (5) and sealing It is managed in a controlled manner through element (4). FDM chambers are designed in a closed (blind) channel form, and at the top of the system Thanks to the O-ring supported transparent cover structure, it can withstand phase change for 30 seconds. This ensures that any potential volume changes are managed in a controlled manner. This design minimizes leakage problems and increases system reliability. It contributes to its increase. However, this is observed in multi-part systems. the possibility of problems such as loosening of connection, leakage and loss of contact 9 This contributes to reducing the need for care, and consequently, to lowering the need for maintenance. It is possible to increase the lifespan of the system. The invention allows for additional assembly, soldering or as a single piece (monoblock) without the need for multi-part production processes It is designed to be manufactured using monoblock body machining and additive manufacturing. or can be produced using similar suitable production methods. Thanks to its monoblock structure, 5 Production time is shortened, assembly requirements are reduced, production costs are lowered, and The ability to produce on an industrial scale is increasing. Under pulsed thermal loads, In cases where the active liquid cooling capacity is insufficient, the phase change of the FDM occurs. during which thermal energy is stored as latent heat, sudden temperature increases occur. This ensures that the system is protected against temporary malfunctions or power outages. Even in these situations, it contributes to maintaining safe working conditions. Additionally, if the active cooling system fails, the FDM will utilize passive heat dissipation. Thanks to its storage capacity, the system is protected against sudden temperature increases, and It is possible to extend the safe shutdown time. One-piece and integrated. Thanks to its design, the system allows for the management of high heat flows in limited spaces. It offers a compact design that allows it to be recognized. This is especially true for high-power applications. It provides a significant advantage in high-density electronic systems. The invention, not only Not limited to Newtonian fluids, but also including non-Newtonian fluids, suitable for use with nanofluids and other fluids suitable for heat transfer. This feature is designed to adapt the system to different operating conditions and applications. This ensures that it can be adapted to their needs. Furthermore, the design is scalable. Thanks to its structure, the system is available in different sizes and for various industrial applications. It can be adapted to be used in a way that allows it to be used. Within a monoblock housing, successive elements are designed to improve thermal performance. Minichannel flow arranged to form an interdigitated pattern. There are phase change material (PCM) chambers (3) with channels. Active cooling minichannel flow channels (2), extending along the body, 200 µm ≤ Dh ≤ 3 mm These are flow paths within the hydraulic diameter range. Coolant flows through these channels. Heat is circulated and continuously removed from the system via forced convection. They are removed. Passive heat storage FDM chambers, on the other hand, have a mini-channel flow. They are blind (closed-end) volumes located between channels (2) and have no entrance or exit. In a preferred application of the invention, these reservoirs are used for paraffin-based phase change materials. It is filled with, and during the phase change, thermal energy is stored as latent heat. thanks to the damping of transient thermal loads and the limiting of temperature peaks. Contribution is provided. Coolant flows into minichannel channels (2) to ensure homogeneous distribution and improve the balance of flow rates between channels In order to provide, the fluid inlet / outlet connection points (6) directly flow through the minichannel 5 It is connected not to the channels (2), but to the inlet and outlet plenum volumes. This arrangement, It contributes to improving the flow distribution and creating a more homogeneous system overall. It supports obtaining a temperature distribution. Phase change of FDM. controlled management of volume changes that may occur during this process and FDM a sealing structure for the purpose of sealing the container leak-proof 10 In addition, the FDM reservoirs have been created. In addition, the minichannel flow channels (2) Thanks to their close and sequential placement, the material stored in the phase change material Transfer of thermal energy from the monoblock casing to the refrigerant in the mini-channels facilitating and contributing to the re-solidification process of the phase-changing material. is provided. 15 The system operates on the principle of active liquid cooling combined with passive phase change heat storage. It is based on the integrated operation of its mechanisms. From electronic components The heat generated is transferred to the monoblock housing, from where it passes through cooling channels. It is transferred to the fluid and removed from the system by forced convection. 20 The active cooling capacity is insufficient or the active cooling is disabled. In these cases, the phase-changing substance in the FDM reservoirs undergoes a phase change. By storing thermal energy as latent heat, it contributes to limiting temperature increases. This integrated structure provides support to the defense industry, aviation, automotive and high power sectors. 25 in various applications, especially electronic systems with high density It offers a compact hybrid thermal management solution that can be used. The operating principle of the hybrid heat sink described in the invention is as follows: i. transfer of thermal energy emitted from the heat source to the monoblock main body (1) and at least one minichannel flow channel (2) located inside the shell and at least one phase 30 transfer to the modifying substance (FDM) reservoir (3), ii. The coolant flows through the inlet plenum into at least one miniduct flow channel. (2) directing and transferring heat through at least one minichannel flow channel (2). removing it from the system by a forced transport mechanism, 11 iii. by placing at least one minichannel flow channel (2) in succession, forming a comb type at least one FDM reservoir (3) positioned to form a system, phase The latent heat of the FDM under operating conditions where the temperature of change is reached Thanks to its storage capacity, it contributes to limiting temperature increases. verification, 5 iv. Increased thermal load, occurrence of transiently high heat fluxes, or active cooling. In situations where its capacity is insufficient, the melting temperature of the FDM Upon arrival, it undergoes a phase change, transitioning from the solid phase to the liquid phase. By storing thermal energy as latent heat, the rate of temperature increase is reduced. v. Thermal energy stored in the FDM is transferred via a monoblock shell through a minichannel flow 10 transfer of coolant to channels (2) and out of the system passive phase change heat storage with active liquid cooling by removal the simultaneous operation of their mechanisms vi. The volume change that may occur during the phase change is at least one FDM. The closed volume and leak-proofness created between the reservoir (3) and the top cover (5) 15 controlled management through element (4), vii. With the decrease in thermal load, the stored energy flows through at least one minichannel. removal from the system via channel (2) and return of FDM to solid phase passing through and becoming ready for the next work cycle, It includes the steps involved in the process. 30 12 REFERENCES LI, Y., ZHANG, J., & FAN, H. (2024). Experimental study of a novel mini-channel phase change heat sink Energy Storage Science and Technology, 13(8), 2597. Sodhi, G.S., Botting, C., Lau, E., Palanisamy, M., Rouhani, M., & Bahrami, M. (2021). 5 Hybrid heat sinks for thermal management of passively cooled battery chargers. International Journal of Energy Research, 45(4), 6333-6349. Ramesh, K. N., & Sharma, T. K. (2023). Thermal analysis of PCM-based hybrid micro- channel heat sinks: A numerical study. Journal of Thermal Engineering, 9(4), 1015-10 1025. Lyu, Z., Su, J., Li, Z., Li, X., Yan, H., & Chen, L. (2024). A compact hybrid battery thermal management system for enhanced cooling. arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.00999. Yan, W. M., Ho, C. J., Tseng, Y. T., Qin, C., & Rashidi, S. (2020). Numerical study on 15 convective heat transfer of nanofluid in a minichannel heat sink with micro- encapsulated PCM-cooled ceiling. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 153, 119589. Ho, C. J., Hsu, S. T., Yang, T. F., Chen, B. L., Rashidi, S., & Yan, W. M. (2021). Cooling 20 performance of mini-channel heat sink with water-based nano-PCM emulsion-An experimental study. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 164, 106903. Rajabifar, B. (2015). Enhancement of the performance of a double layered microchannel heatsink using PCM slurry and nanofluid coolants. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 88, 627-635. 25 Krishnan, S., Garimella, S. V., & Kang, S. S. (2005). A novel hybrid heat sink using phase change materials for transient thermal management of electronics. IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies, 28(2), 281-289.

Claims

13 REQUESTS 1. Thermal management of a heat source exposed to high heat flux It is a monoblock hybrid heat sink designed for use with the following features:  High thermal conductivity that enables the transfer of heat from a heat source. 5 monoblock main body made from a single piece of metallic material body (1),  located inside the monoblock main body (1) and passing through it heat transfer by forced convection through a coolant at least one minichannel flow channel (2) that enables its removal, 10  at least one minichannel flow channel (2) inside the monoblock main body (1) to form a sequence of comb-type channels to be positioned, containing phase-change material, to withstand sudden heat loads a blind with no entrance or exit that stores heat as latent heat underneath. at least one closed-end phase change material (PCM) reservoir (3), 15  the coolant is distributed homogeneously into the mini-channel flow channels (2) distribution and cooler coming out of at least one minichannel flow channel (2) monoblock main body (1) for fluid collection and fluid connection entrance and exit plenums (7),  at least one minichannel flow located on the monoblock main body (1) 20 leakproof channel (2) and at least one phase change material reservoir (3) a top cover (5) supported by a sealing element (4) that closes in this way, It includes.

2. It is a hybrid heat sink according to claim 1, and its characteristic is that the monoblock main body (1) is high It is made of materials that have thermal conductivity. 25 3. It is a hybrid heat sink according to claim 1, and its feature is that the monoblock main body (1) Aluminum alloys are made from copper or copper alloys.

4. A hybrid heat sink according to any of claims 1-3, with the characteristic of having minichannel flow. The hydraulic diameter of the channels (2) is between 200 µm-3 mm.

5. A hybrid heat sink according to either of claims 1-4, with the characteristic of being a phase-change 30 the substance (FDM) with organic, inorganic or eutectic phase change materials It is a composite FDM containing different additive materials. 14 6. According to claim 5, it is a hybrid heat sink whose characteristic is that it accommodates a phase-changing substance. It is paraffin.

7. A hybrid heat sink according to any of the claims 1-6, and its feature is; top cover (5) It is transparent.

8. A hybrid heat sink according to any of claims 1-7, with the characteristic of being leakproof. 5 The element (4) is the circumferential O-ring seal.

9. A hybrid heat sink with the characteristic of being a cooler, according to any of claims 1-8. the fluid is a Newtonian fluid, a non-Newtonian fluid, or It is a nanofluid.

10. A hybrid heat sink according to any of the requirements 1-9, and its characteristic is that the top cover (5) 10 It is made of a transparent material.

11. Which operating method of a hybrid heat sink is defined according to any of claims 1-10? feature; i. the thermal energy emitted from the heat source to the monoblock main body (1) transmission and flow channel of at least one minichannel located inside the shell (2) 15 transfer to at least one phase change material (PCM) reservoir (3), ii. At least one miniduct flow of refrigerant through the inlet plenum channel (2) and at least one minichannel stream channel (2) As it moves along, it removes heat from the system via a forced convection mechanism. removal, 20 iii. by placing the comb in succession with at least one minichannel flow channel (2). at least one FDM positioned to form a type of arrangement under working conditions where the phase change temperature of the reservoir (3) is reached Thanks to FDM's latent heat storage capacity, the temperature... contributing to limiting increases, 25 iv. increase in thermal load, formation of transient high heat fluxes or active In situations where cooling capacity is insufficient, FDM melts. The phase transitions from solid to liquid phase as it reaches its temperature. By undergoing a transformation and storing thermal energy as latent heat, the temperature increases. reducing the rate of increase, 30 v. Thermal energy stored in the FDM is transferred through a monoblock shell via a minichannel. transfer of coolant to the flow channels (2) and out of the system passive phase change heat storage with active liquid cooling by removal the simultaneous operation of their mechanisms vi. at least one of the volume changes that may occur during the phase change The enclosed volume created between the FDM chamber (3) and the top cover (5) and Controlled management through the sealing element (4), vii. With the decrease in thermal load, the stored energy is transferred to at least one minichannel. removal from the system via flow channel (2) and FDM 5 by returning to the solid phase, it is ready for the next operating cycle. coming, It includes the steps of the process. 15 25

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