Air or Gas with Longitudinal Continuous ORMOSIL-Based Dielectric Guiding Structure Core Optical Fiber and Manufacturing Method

Abstract

The invention describes a system of fibers surrounded by air, gas, or low-pressure hollow cores, along the longitudinal axis. an optical fiber with an ORMOSIL-based dielectric guiding region that extends continuously along its length It is related to the radial thickness and effective refractive index of the ORMOSIL region, antiresonant at target wavelengths. and / or confinement of light in the hollow core via radial photonic reflection It is arranged in a way that will directly contribute. The structure is a single-layer dielectric wall, with differential fracture. It may contain indexed multilayer radial structure or ORMOSIL-based longitudinal capillary elements. ORMOSIL composition includes fluorinated organosilanes and / or inorganic phases that adjust the refractive index. It may include. The invention also involves sol-gel ORMOSIL applied to the inner surface of a pre-formed hollow support fiber. roll-to-roll production method based on application and continuous curing and word The topic covers WDM / DWDM optical communication systems that use fiber optic cables.

Description

1 TARIFF Invention Title Air or Gas with Longitudinal Continuous ORMOSIL-Based Dielectric Guiding Structure Core Optical Fiber and Manufacturing Method Technical Area 5 The invention relates to fiber optic communication, air-core and gas-core optical fibers, and anti-resonant optics. guidance, photonic band gap-based guidance, organic-inorganic hybrid sol-gel materials, and The invention relates to the field of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems. In particular, it concerns the use of light. a central core in which air, gas or a low-pressure cavity is mainly diffused Surrounding and continuously extending along the longitudinal axis of the fiber, directly contributing to optical guidance. 10 at least one dielectric based on organically modified silica or silicate (ORMOSIL) It relates to an optical fiber containing a region. Another aspect of the invention is that the ORMOSIL-based dielectric region in question is continuous along the fiber. a scalable production method for creating this fiber and one or more of these fibers WDM or DWDM communication, which transmits the optical carrier wavelength over the same link, 15 It relates to its use in systems. State of the Art In current long-distance fiber optic communication infrastructure, light mostly travels within a solid silica core. Transport occurs based on the principle of total internal reflection. Diffusion within the solid core is due to material dispersion. and nonlinear optical effects arising from the group speed of light in glass 20 These limitations can include delays. For these reasons, air-core optical fibers are preferred in optical applications. alternative transmission media that carry most of the field in air or gas instead of solid material It is being developed as such. In air-core fibers, the classic total internal reflection alone is due to the low-index core. This is insufficient. In known structures, photonic band gap or anti-25 is needed to trap light in the core. Resonant reflection mechanisms are used. The core of anti-resonant hollow-core fibers The thickness, geometry, and refractive index of the surrounding thin dielectric walls affect conduction and resonance. It determines the position of the windows. In advanced structures, thin-walled windows are arranged in a ring. Tubes, negatively curved surfaces, or nested capillary elements can be used. Known hollow-core fibers are mostly made using high-temperature drawable silica glass in stack-30 configurations. They are produced by extrusion or similar preform drawing methods. These methods have very low loss. While it is possible to achieve this, maintaining microstructural tolerances on a kilometer scale is crucial for thin membranes. Controlling their thickness, preform preparation, and high-temperature production can be complex. ORMOSIL materials, on the other hand, are modified with organic groups and can be prepared using sol-gel chemistry. They are hybrid materials based on silica or silicate. By changing the composition, the refractive index and photopolymerization can be improved. The behavior, mechanical flexibility and processing temperature are adjustable. ORMOSIL materials have planar and Although known to be used in micro-optical waveguides, it is also used in telecommunication wavelengths. an air or gas core surrounded along the longitudinal axis and exhibiting anti-resonant or radial photonics. The continuous ORMOSIL dielectric zone, a functional part of the reflective guiding, is a long fiber. Converting it into a transmission medium presents a different production and optical design problem. 40 2 Specifically, the higher OH and CH vibrations in ORMOSIL structures around 1310 nm and 1550 nm Absorption resulting from tones must be taken into account. Therefore, telecommunications The organic content, hydroxyl content, and fluorination of an ORMOSIL compound intended for application. the degree and, if present, the amount of high-index inorganic phase with optical loss and mechanical machinability They need to be optimized together. 5 Technical Problem The technical problem that the invention aims to solve is the diffusion provided by air or gas nuclei. while maintaining the advantages of low latency and low nonlinearity of existing hollow-core fibers an alternative to complex multi-silica capillary preform architectures, with refractive index and optical properties. A dielectric guidance zone whose thickness can be adjusted by chemical composition is continuously applied along the fiber for 10 minutes. The goal is to transform this structure and adapt it to WDM / DWDM communication bands. Another technical problem is that the dielectric region in question can be extended to a kilometer scale for continuous fiber. ORMOSIL material is produced in these lengths through a high-temperature fiber drawing step. The goal is to provide a production approach that can be implemented either later or through a continuous process at low temperatures. Purpose of the Invention 15 One aim of the invention is to surround a central air, gas, or low-pressure cavity core with a fiber. ORMOSIL-based dielectric guiding zone extending continuously along the longitudinal axis to create. Another objective of the invention is to determine the effective refractive index and radial thickness of the ORMOSIL region in the target study. Anti-resonant transmission window and / or radial photonic band gap occurs at wavelengths 20 The goal is to adjust it in a way that will bring it about. Another objective of the invention is to combine different organosilane precursors, fluorinated compounds and / or TiO2, ZrO2, By using inorganic phases such as HfO2, Nb2O5 or Ta2O5, the refractive index of the dielectric region and The goal is to make the optical loss adjustable. Another objective of the invention is to apply the ORMOSIL layer to the inner surface of a hollow support tube after it has been fabricated. Roll-to-roll production that allows for continuous application and curing. This approach makes it possible to prepare long fibers. Another aim of the invention is to utilize numerous telecommunication windows, including C-band and L-band. WDM / DWDM systems where the wavelength channel can be transmitted over the same hollow-core fiber to provide a suitable transmission medium. 30 Description of the Invention The optical fiber (10) exemplified in Figure 1 and Figure 2 extends along the longitudinal axis (15) of the fiber. a central hollow core (11), surrounded by at least one ORMOSIL-based core dielectric guide zone (12) and an external support providing mechanical transport if necessary or The jacket region (13) contains. Hollow core (11) air, nitrogen, helium, another selected gas, gas 35 It may contain a mixture or a low-pressure / vacuum environment. The ORMOSIL-based dielectric guiding zone (12) is not merely a protective coating. The radial thickness and effective refractive index of the region in question, at least one optical within the hollow core (11) directly contributing to limiting the mode to the target wavelength range This limitation is determined in one application by anti-resonant reflection, and in another application by more than 40. 3 with photonic or Bragg-type reflection created by an extra radial dielectric layer, another In practice, this is achieved through the anti-resonant behavior of ORMOSIL-based longitudinal microstructures. In single-layer anti-resonant application, ORMOSIL region (12) surrounding hollow core (11) It forms a radially finite dielectric wall. The inner surface of the wall is a hollow core, and the outer surface is a hollow core. The surface is divided into an outer region with a different effective refractive index, an intermediate region with a low index (16), and an air gap. or it can look at the mechanical support area. The optical thickness of the wall in question affects the target transmission band. The dielectric wall is chosen so that it stays away from strong resonances. In the initial approach for anti-resonant design, the m-th resonance wavelength is approximately λm = It can be estimated using the relation (2t / m)·sqrt(nd^2 - nc^2), where t is the dielectric wall thickness and nd is the wall thickness. ORMOSIL is the effective refractive index of the region at the target wavelength, and nc is the refractive index of the medium in the hollow core. It is the refractive index. The final dimensions depend on curvature, external environment, multilayer structure, material dispersion, and mode. It can be adjusted using full-wave electromagnetic modeling, taking into account the matching. In a telecommunications application, the hollow core diameter is between 10 µm and 150 µm, preferably 20 The dielectric thickness of ORMOSIL can be selected between 0.1 µm and 80 µm. The radial thickness of the dielectric wall is between 0.1 µm and 20 µm. Among them, preferably between 0.2 µm and 3 µm in an anti-resonant application for the telecommunications band. It is possible. These ranges are not limiting and depend on the ORMOSIL refractive index and the selected anti-resonance. It depends on its rank. The effective refractive index of the ORMOSIL-based region at the target wavelength is approximately 1.30 to 1.80. It can be adjusted between them. Phenyl-containing organosilanes, high-index metal oxide precursors, or The refractive index can be increased by increasing the proportion of inorganic nanophases; methyl, fluorinated or low 20 Different refractive index and near-infrared absorption using organic groups in polarizability It can be adjusted in any direction. In the multilayer application shown in Figure 3, the hollow core (11) is the first ORMOSIL based dielectric layer (20) and second ORMOSIL based on effective refractive index different from it It is surrounded by a dielectric layer (21). Layers can be repeated two or more times. A 25 In practice, the optical thicknesses of successive layers are approximately one-quarter of the target center wavelength. A radial Bragg reflector is created by selecting according to the wave condition. Both layers... It could be ORMOSIL, or one of the layers could be ORMOSIL and the other a low-index sol-gel, porous hybrid. The material can be a fluoropolymer or an air gap. Both the first and second layers must be ORMOSIL. In applications where these layers are used, they can be made from ORMOSIL materials with different compositions. 30 In another application shown in Figure 4, the hollow core (11) is placed in a ring arrangement. It is surrounded by longitudinal ORMOSIL-based capillary or tubular elements (30). Each capillary An optional internal element (31) can be found within the element. Thus, negatively curved, nested or The functionality of nodeless anti-resonant geometries can be realized with ORMOSIL-based dielectric walls. ORMOSIL elements can be mechanical carriers on their own or with a low-loss external support tube (13) 35 It can be transported by. The outer support area (13) is silica, low OH content glass, fluoride glass, polymer, fluoropolymer, or another It may consist of organic-inorganic hybrid materials or combinations thereof. External support The primary function of this region is to ensure mechanical integrity and the energy density of the target optical mode. The majority of it is kept inside the hollow core (11). There is a 40 between the external support and the ORMOSIL dielectric region. Leaving a low-index intermediate region (16) can be used to reduce optical leakage. 4 On the outer surface of the fiber, acrylate provides mechanical protection during reel winding and cabling. A protective coating of polyimide, fluoropolymer, or similar may be present. This protective coating, ORMOSIL differs from the optical guiding function of the dielectric region. ORMOSIL Material Composition ORMOSIL matrix consists of a hydrolyzable silane precursor and at least one organic functional silane precursor. It can be prepared via sol-gel reaction. Examples of precursors include tetraethyl orthosilicate or tetramethyl orthosilicate with methyl-, phenyl-, glycidoxy-, methacrylate-, acrylate- or fluorinated organic groups Trilacoxysilanes may be present. OH and CH content to reduce material absorption at telecommunication wavelengths. A low composition is preferred. For this purpose, the amount of water and catalyst can be kept controlled, drying and 10 The condensation degree can be increased; fluorinated organosilans, low organic content silanes, Vibration absorption using deuterated organic groups or combinations thereof It can be removed from the target band and appropriate low-temperature post-curing can be applied. To improve the refractive index or adjust the dispersion, ORMOSIL matrix can be used with TiO2, ZrO2, HfO2, It may contain an inorganic phase consisting of Nb2O5, Ta2O5, or a combination thereof. This phase is 15 can be added in nanoparticle form or co-hydrolyzed with metal alkoxide precursors and It can be formed within the matrix during condensation. Rayleigh is used in particle-based applications. To limit scattering, the characteristic size is preferably much smaller than the working wavelength. For example, it is selected between 2 nm and 100 nm. To increase mechanical continuity along the fiber, ORMOSIL contains organic 20 compounds that provide flexibility. Bridge groups can be used. Curing shrinkage and cracking tendency, organic / inorganic ratio, This can be controlled by solvent removal rate and a multi-thin layer deposition approach. Production Method In the manufacturing method exemplified in Figures 5 and 6, first a longitudinal strip is made to form the hollow core. A supporting or load-bearing structure with a void is prepared. In one application, this support structure is designed to accommodate the desired external 25° void. The silica or polymer hollow capillaries, pre-extracted up to the anchor, are highly processed by ORMOSIL. The process is carried out after the hot drawing is completed. Thus, ORMOSIL material is made from traditional silica. The fiber is not exposed to drawing temperatures. ORMOSIL sol-gel composition is applied to the inner surface of the support structure or pre-prepared to surround the hollow core. It is fed into defined channels. The coating process involves pressure difference, vacuum-assisted flow, controlled meniscus, 30 fiber rotation, centrifugal effect, pull speed control, micro-dispenser or their combinations This can be achieved with a combination of factors. The radial direction is determined by moving it away from the excess left nucleus. A continuous film of a certain thickness is left behind. Coating thickness, sol viscosity, surface energy, flow rate, fiber inner diameter, fiber advancement rate, and It can be adjusted with the applied pressure difference. If desired, the second layer can be applied after the first layer has partially cured. or a multilayered structure is created by applying subsequent ORMOSIL layers. ORMOSIL sheets are photocured with UV or visible light, low-temperature thermal curing, and moisture resistance. It can be hardened by controlled condensation or a combination thereof. Feeding on the production line. hollow backing fiber from the reel (54) is coated with a header or pressurized feed It can be wound onto the receiving roller (53) after passing through the region (51), then through the curing unit (52). 40 Sol-gel feeding system (50) provides controlled material to the coating head. This roll-to-roll The arrangement requires that the ORMOSIL dielectric zone be installed continuously along the fiber for a minimum length of 100 m and be one In practice, it can be implemented by creating a structure with a minimum length of 1 km. In another production approach, ORMOSIL-based tubular elements (30) are used in a larger diameter It is molded or extruded at low temperatures in preform form; after partial curing, it is processed appropriately. It is thinned at the tensile temperature and final curing is performed at the final diameter. This approach involves thermally curing the composition. Suitable for use with ORMOSIL types that are suitable for shaping. After production, the hollow core can be purged, vacuumed, or treated with clean dry gas or a selected method. Gas-fillable. Fiber ends: standard single-mode fiber, mode-to-field adapter, free space. It can be terminated with a collimator or a hollow-core compatible connector. Optical Working Principle 10 When the input optical field (40) is coupled into the hollow core (11), the majority of the field is low-indexed. It propagates within the core. ORMOSIL resonates at specific wavelengths of the dielectric region (12). If this condition is not met, the difference between the core mode and the leaky modes in the dielectric region The coupling is suppressed and the field is confined to the hollow core. At resonance wavelengths, the dielectric... With wall modulations, increased coupling can lead to higher losses. Therefore, the target is DWDM 15. The channels are placed inside anti-resonant transmission windows. In the multilayer application, successive layers resulting from different effective refractive indices (20, 21) Reflections create high reflectivity in the radial direction. Capillary action in micro-structured applications. The thin walls and negatively curved surfaces of the elements (30) facilitate the coupling of the core modes to the external structure. reduces. 20 Fiber design depends not only on the material's refractive index but also on the hollow core diameter and dielectric wall thickness. thickness, number of layers, capillary diameter and spacing, bending radius, surface roughness and depends on the longitudinal thickness uniformity. Therefore, design parameters are FEM, FDTD or They are optimized together using equivalent full-wave electromagnetic methods. DWDM Communication Application 25 In the system exemplified in Figure 7, a transmitter or transceiver group that produces more than one optical carrier (60), optical multiplexer (61) combining wavelengths, according to the invention ORMOSIL dielectric guiding hollow-core fiber (10) with region, optional optical amplifier or intermediate optical unit (62), wave It has a demultiplexer (63) and receiver or coherent receiver group (64) that separate their lengths. Fiber can be designed to operate in one or more of the O-, E-, S-, C-, and / or L-bands. 30 In an application, the anti-resonant transmission window must be at least one between 1260 nm and 1625 nm. It covers the telecommunications band. In another application, C-band and L-band channels are on the same fiber. It is transmitted as DWDM. Due to the hollow-core structure of the invention, the majority of the optical power is not contained within the ORMOSIL material. Because it is transported in a core environment, the material is 35 compared to a solid-core ORMOSIL waveguide. Absorption and the effect of nonlinearity can be reduced. However, the ultimate loss of connection remains. including surface modes, bending, microstructure tolerances and OH / CH absorption in ORMOSIL. The total loss budget should be measured and determined. Numerical Verification and Experimental Implementation Plan In the initial verification of the invention, the target center wavelength can be selected as 1550 nm. Unit cross-section model 40 hollow core diameter, ORMOSIL dielectric thickness, effective refractive index and outer boundary were determined by creating 6 The conditions are scanned parametrically. For each geometry, the complex effective index, confinement loss, and group are calculated. Velocity dispersion, mode field, surface mode coupling, and bending sensitivity are calculated. Material dispersion is included in the finite element method or FDTD model. For ORMOSIL. The measured complex refractive index is used; if experimental material data is unavailable, it is used in the initial design. The actual index obtained from literature or ellipsometry is used, and the absorption coefficient is calculated separately. It is scanned as a sensitivity parameter. The aim of the design is to achieve a high-loss target DWDM channel spacing. The goal is to keep it away from wall resonances. In the experimental prototype, three sample groups can be compared: hollow support without ORMOSIL. capillaries, ORMOSIL-coated hollow capillaries deviated from the target thickness and target anti-resonant thickness. ORMOSIL-coated hollow capillaries. Broadband source and optical spectrum analyzer with transmission 10 Windows are measured; unit length loss is determined by the cut-back method, and optical time-domain reflectometry is used. Longitudinal uniformity and coherent receiver are evaluated using OSNR / BER or its generalized equivalent. For production scalability, start with meter scales, then tens of meters, hundreds of meters, and so on. Coating thickness uniformity, crack density, and splice / connector characteristics were determined by producing long samples. The loss is assessed. Kilometer-scale production target, roll-to-roll coating and curing 15 by optimizing the speed, sol-gel pot-life, and longitudinal thickness tolerance together. This is verified by the methods given in this section, which are not based on actual measurement results, but rather on the feasibility of the invention. These are the verification steps foreseen for testing. Concrete Application Example (Predicted and Non-Restrictive) In one example application, a 20-inch longitudinal segment with an outer diameter of approximately 125 µm and a center diameter of approximately 30 µm was used. A pre-extracted support capillary with a hollow channel is used. On the inner surface of the support capillary, The initial anti-resonant design value relative to the target C-band center is approximately 0.5 µm to 1.0 µm. A low OH-content and preferably fluorinated ORMOSIL film with a thickness of between is formed. The film The target effective refractive index is chosen to be approximately in the range of 1.40 to 1.55. After selecting the initial wall thickness using an approximate resonance relationship for the initial geometry, 25 then the C-band in the 1530-1565 nm range fits into an anti-resonant transmission window. Optimized with FEM or FDTD. If necessary, the phenyl / methyl ratio in the ORMOSIL composition is adjusted or lowered. The effective index is adjusted by the amount of ZrO2 / TiO2 phase. To reduce OH and CH absorption. Fluorinated organosilane and controlled drying / curing are preferred. In long sample production, hollow support fiber is advanced from the feed roller at a constant speed. Sol-gel 30 The compound is introduced into the inner channel under controlled pressure, excess liquid is removed with inert gas, and the capillary system... The uniformity of the circumferential thickness is increased by rotating the film. The film is first gelled using UV light, then rotated at 80°C. It undergoes controlled thermal curing between °C and 180 °C. The process involves multiple thin coatings. It can be repeated with the transition. These values ​​are not actual measurement results, but rather data from prototype production and numerical optimization. These are the initial parameters. Final thickness, refractive index, core diameter, and curing conditions are selected. ORMOSIL is modified according to its chemistry, support material, and target DWDM band. Brief Description of the Figures Figure 1 shows the hollow core (11) extending along the longitudinal axis (15), ORMOSIL-based dielectric. General view of the optical fiber (10) including the guiding region (12) and the external support region (13) 40 It shows. 7 Figure 2 shows the cross-section of the single-layer anti-resonant application and hollow core (11), ORMOSIL It shows the dielectric region (12), low index intermediate region (16) and outer support region (13). Figure 3 shows a multilayer in which the first and second dielectric layers (20, 21) are repeated radially or This demonstrates the Bragg type of application. Figure 4 shows the ORMOSIL-based capillary elements (30) surrounding the hollow core (11) and the optional inner 5 It demonstrates the micro-structured anti-resonant application containing elements (31). Figure 5 shows the longitudinal section of the ORMOSIL dielectric region (12) extending uninterrupted along the fiber. It shows. Figure 6, feed roller (54), sol-gel feed system (50), coating area (51), curing unit It shows the reel-to-reel production flow including (52) and take-up reel (53). 10 Figure 7, transmitter or transceiver group (60), multiplexer (61), ORMOSIL hollow-core fiber (10), optional Example including connected optical amplifier or interface (62), demultiplexer (63) and receiver group (64) This shows the WDM / DWDM communication system. Reference Marks 10: Hollow-core optical fiber with ORMOSIL-based dielectric guiding structure; 11: hollow 15 12: Core; 13: ORMOSIL-based dielectric guide zone; 14: External support or jacket zone; 15: 15: outer protective coating; 16: longitudinal axis; 17: low-index intermediate region. 20: first ORMOSIL-based dielectric layer; 21: second dielectric layer; 30: ORMOSIL-based 31: capillary or tubular element; 40: internal / nested element; 41: entrance optical field; 42: exit optical field. 50: sol-gel feeding system; 51: coating or pressure feeding zone; 52: curing unit; 53: 20 53: receiving reel; 54: feeding reel; 60: optical transmitter or transceiver assembly; 61: multiplexer; 62: optical amplifier or intermediate optical unit; 63: demultiplexer; 64: receiver or coherent receiver group. Advantages Provided by the Invention The invention relates to the refractive index and chemical properties of the optical guidance region around the hollow core. This allows the composition to be adjusted by sol-gel chemistry. Thus, the delivery window is only 25 This provides a design freedom that can be adjusted not only by geometry but also by the composition of the materials. ORMOSIL is a production process where the layer can be applied retrofitted to a pre-extruded hollow backing fiber. In this approach, it is possible to protect the hybrid material from high-temperature silica extraction. Roll-to-roll coating and curing is an alternative to microstructured preform preparation, or It provides a complementary length scaling path. 30 The majority of the optical power carried in the hollow core is located away from the solid dielectric material, in a suitable design, the advantages of low nonlinearity and low group delay are preserved. It can provide the possibility of anti- adjustable to telecommunication windows such as C-band and L-band. Resonant conduction bands enable the structure to be used in DWDM junctions. Industrial Applicability 35 The invention relates to data center connections, metro and long-distance optical transmission, and coherent optical communication. WDM / DWDM systems are used for low-latency financial and computing networks, and high-power optical transmission. precise time / frequency transfer and hollow-core fiber-based sensors or gas-photonics It can be used in applications. The production method involves continuous coating lines of hollow support fibers. Because it is suitable for processing, it can be scaled up in fiber and cable manufacturing facilities. 40

Claims

8 REQUESTS 1. A hollow-core optical fiber (10) is characterized by the fact that air extends along the longitudinal axis (15) of the fiber, a hollow core (11) which may contain a gas or low-pressure environment, the hollow core in question (11) at least one organically modified surrounding and continuously extending along the longitudinal axis of the fiber Dielectric guiding area based on silica or silicate (ORMOSIL) (12) and the aforementioned 5 radial thickness of the dielectric guiding region (12) and effective refractive index of the target optical wave Anti-resonant and / or radial photonic reflection of light inside hollow core (11) in the length range It is structured in a way that will directly contribute to its limitation through this means.

2. Hollow-core optical fiber (10) according to claim 1, and its characteristic is that the hollow core (11) is filled with air, nitrogen, Helium must contain at least one other gas, gas mixture, or vacuum / low-pressure medium. 10 3. Hollow-core optical fiber (10) according to any of the previous requirements and its characteristic is; ORMOSIL radially finite surrounding the hollow core of the essential dielectric guiding region (12) the formation of a wall and the resonance of the dielectric wall at the target operating wavelength of the wall in question optical thickness to fit into an anti-resonant transmission window between wavelengths that is. 15 4. Hollow-core optical fiber (10) according to any of the previous requirements and its characteristic is hollow core. with a diameter between 10 µm and 150 µm and a radial thickness of 0.1 of the ORMOSIL-based dielectric region. The particle size should be between µm and 20 µm.

5. Hollow-core optical fiber (10) according to any of the previous requirements; ORMOSIL The effective refractive index of the essential dielectric guiding region (12) at the target operating wavelength is 20 It should be between 1.30 and 1.

80.

6. Hollow-core optical fiber (10) according to any of the previous requirements and its characteristic is; ORMOSIL to reduce OH and / or CH-induced near-infrared absorption in the essential dielectric region Fluorinated organosilane, low organic content silane, deuterated organic group or thereof It must contain at least one of the following combinations. 25 7. Hollow-core optical fiber (10) according to any of the previous requirements and its characteristic is; ORMOSIL TiO2 is used to adjust the refractive index and / or dispersion of the essential dielectric region. an inorganic substance containing at least one of the following: ZrO2, HfO2, Nb2O5, Ta2O5, or a combination thereof. It contains phases.

8. Hollow-core optical fiber (10) according to any of the previous requirements; its characteristic is hollow 30 at least one first ORMOSIL based core (11) surrounding the core with different effective refractive indices It must contain a dielectric layer (20) and at least one second dielectric layer (21) and these layers must be radial It is the arrangement of a photonic or Bragg reflector to create one.

9. Hollow-core optical fiber (10) according to claim 8, and its characteristic is that the first and second dielectric layers (20, 21) both are made of ORMOSIL materials with different compositions. 35 10. Hollow-core optical fiber (10) according to any of claims 1 to 7, and its characteristic is that the hollow core (11) numerous arranged in a ring around it and extending along the longitudinal axis of the fiber It contains ORMOSIL-based capillary or tubular elements (30).

11. Hollow-core optical fiber (10) according to claim 10, and its characteristic is; ORMOSIL based capillary or tubular At least one of the elements (30) must contain at least one nested element (31). 40 9 12. Hollow-core optical fiber (10) according to any of the previous requests and its characteristic is; ORMOSIL Silica, low OH content glass that mechanically supports the essential dielectric guiding region (12), an external support consisting of fluoride glass, polymer, fluoropolymer or organic-inorganic hybrid material. It includes region (13).

13. Hollow-core optical fiber (10) according to any of the previous requests; its characteristic is ORMOSIL 5 The essential dielectric guidance zone (12) must be at least 100 m long and uninterrupted along the fiber. It is lying down.

14. Hollow-core optical fiber (10) according to claim 13, and its characteristic is; ORMOSIL based dielectric The guiding area (12) must extend uninterrupted for at least 1 km along the fiber.

15. Hollow-core optical fiber (10) according to any of the previous requests; its feature is anti-resonant 10 and / or at least one of the photonic transmission windows is between 1260 nm and 1625 nm. It must cover at least part of the telecommunications wavelength band.

16. A hollow-core optical fiber manufacturing method characterized by a support containing a longitudinal hollow channel. The preparation of the structure involves applying an ORMOSIL-based sol-gel composition to the inner surface of the hollow canal. and / or application to predefined regions surrounding the hollow core, excess sol-gel composition 15 by removing it and creating a continuous dielectric layer along the longitudinal axis of the fiber, The subject is layer thickness in anti-resonant and / or radial photonics at the target optical wavelength. Adjusting the value to contribute to the guidance and the ORMOSIL layer being exposed to light and thermally, This involves curing steps through controlled condensation or a combination of these.

17. Production method according to claim 16; its characteristic is: hollow support structure made of high-temperature fiber 20 After the extraction process is complete, it is coated with ORMOSIL.

18. The manufacturing method is according to claim 16 or 17, and its characteristic is that the hollow support structure is fed. It is continuously advanced from the roller (54) to a coating area (51) and to the curing unit (52) and Continuous reel-to-reel production by winding the cured fiber onto a receiving reel (53). It is done. 25 19. The production method is according to any of claims 16 to 18, and its characteristic is; ORMOSIL layer. thickness, sol-gel viscosity, fiber advancement rate, pressure difference, vacuum, hollow channel rotation, Excess solute is removed by gas flow or controlled by at least one combination thereof. It is done.

20. The production method is according to any of claims 16 to 19, and its characteristic is; first ORMOSIL 30 at least one second layer with a different effective refractive index after at least partial curing. It is the creation of a radial multilayer structure by applying a dielectric layer.

21. A WDM or DWDM optical communication system is characterized by its ability to operate at different optical wavelengths. at least two transmitters or transceivers (60) that generate the signal, combining the wavelengths in question. multiplexer (61), hollow-core optical fiber (10) according to any of request 1 to 15, transmitted wave 35 a demultiplexer (63) that separates the optical signals and at least two receivers or coherent receivers that receive the separated optical signals. It contains receiver (64).

22. According to claim 21, a WDM or DWDM optical communication system is characterized by its hollow-core optical system. multiple optical carriers in the C-band, L-band or C+L-band of the fiber (10) in the same link It is arranged to transmit it via. 40

Images