Biosensor for glucose detection

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a biosensor for glucose detection including a meta-lens, a first grating coupler below the meta-lens, a first demultiplexer, and a plurality of first photodiodes below or levelled with the first demultiplexer. The meta-lens refracts an incident light into a first light beam and a second light beam spatially spaced apart from the first light beam, where a first wavelength range of the first light beam is non-overlapped with a second wavelength range of the second light beam. The first light beam is directed by the first grating coupler and demultiplexed into a plurality of first sub-light beams by the first demultiplexer. Each of the first sub-light beams has a peak wavelength, and each of the peak wavelengths is different from any of the other peak wavelengths. Each of the first sub-light beams is corresponding to each of the first photodiodes, respectively.

Claims

1. A biosensor for detecting glucose, comprising: A meta-lens refracts incident light into a first beam and a second beam, wherein the first beam and the second beam are spatially separated, and a first wavelength range of the first beam and a second wavelength range of the second beam do not overlap; a first grating coupler is located below the meta-lens and guides the first beam; a first wavelength division multiplexer divides the first beam into a plurality of first sub-beams, wherein each of the first sub-beams has a peak wavelength, and each of the peak wavelengths of the first sub-beams is different from the others of the peak wavelengths of the first sub-beams; and a plurality of first photodiodes are located below or flush with the first wavelength division multiplexer, wherein each of the first sub-beams corresponds to a corresponding one of the first photodiodes.

2. The biosensor for detecting glucose as described in claim 1, further comprising: A dielectric layer is located between the meta-lens and the first grating coupler, wherein the meta-lens includes a substrate and a plurality of nanopillars embedded in the substrate, wherein a refractive index of the nanopillars is greater than a refractive index of the substrate, and a refractive index of the dielectric layer is less than the refractive index of the substrate.

3. The biosensor for detecting glucose as described in claim 1, wherein the metalens comprises a plurality of metalens units, each of the metalens units comprising: A first nanopillar having a first diameter; A second nanopillar having a second diameter larger than the first diameter; A third nanopillar having a third diameter smaller than the first diameter and the second diameter; a fourth nanopillar having a fourth diameter larger than the third diameter but smaller than the second diameter; a fifth nanopillar having a fifth diameter larger than the fourth diameter but smaller than the second diameter; and a sixth nanopillar having a sixth diameter larger than the fifth diameter but smaller than the second diameter, wherein the first nanopillar, the second nanopillar, the third nanopillar, the fourth nanopillar, the fifth nanopillar and the sixth nanopillar are arranged in a straight line in sequence.

4. The biosensor for detecting glucose as described in claim 1, further comprising: A reflective pattern is located below the first grating coupler, wherein the super-lens focuses the first beam onto the first grating coupler.

5. The biosensor for detecting glucose as described in claim 1, wherein the minimum wavelength of the first wavelength range is greater than the maximum wavelength of the second wavelength range, a first refraction angle of the first light beam passing through the super-lens is greater than a second refraction angle of the second light beam passing through the super-lens, and the difference between the first refraction angle and the second refraction angle is equal to or greater than 15°.

6. The biosensor for detecting glucose as described in claim 1, wherein the first wavelength range is greater than the second wavelength range, the first photodiodes are quantum dot organic photodiodes or germanium photodiodes, and the first wave division multiplexer is an arrayed waveguide grating.

7. The biosensor for detecting glucose as described in claim 1, wherein the first wavelength range is smaller than the second wavelength range, the first photodiodes are organic photodiodes or inorganic photodiodes, and the first wavelength division multiplexer is a microring resonator.

8. The biosensor for detecting glucose as described in claim 1, further comprising: A second grating coupler, located below the superlens and guiding the second beam; a second wavelength division multiplexer, dividing the second beam into a plurality of second sub-beams, each of the second sub-beams having a peak wavelength, and each of the peak wavelengths of the second sub-beams being different from the others of the peak wavelengths of the second sub-beams; and a plurality of second photodiodes, located below or flush with the second wavelength division multiplexer, wherein each of the second sub-beams corresponds to a corresponding one of the second photodiodes.

9. The biosensor for detecting glucose as described in claim 8, wherein the first wavelet multiplexer is an arrayed waveguide grating, the second wavelet multiplexer is a microring resonator, and the bandwidth of each of the first sub-beams is greater than the bandwidth of each of the second sub-beams.

10. A biosensor for detecting glucose as claimed in claim 8, wherein the second light beam arriving at a top surface of the second grating coupler is spatially separated from the first light beam arriving at a top surface of the first grating coupler by a first distance (D1), the first grating coupler and the second grating coupler are separated from the metalens by a second distance (D2), the first light beam passing through the metalens has a first refraction angle (θ1), and the second light beam passing through the metalens has a second refraction angle (θ2), wherein the first distance (D1), the second distance (D2), the first refraction angle (θ1), and the second refraction angle (θ2) conform to the relationship: D1=(tanθ1-tanθ2)×D2.

11. The biosensor for detecting glucose as described in claim 8, wherein the first light beam and the second light beam alternately illuminate the first grating coupler and the second grating coupler.

12. The biosensor for detecting glucose as described in claim 1, wherein when the first photodiodes are flush with the first wavelength division multiplexer, a waveguide connects the first grating coupler, the first wavelength division multiplexer, and the first photodiodes.

13. The biosensor for detecting glucose as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the first photodiodes are located below the first wavelength division multiplexer, the biosensor further comprises: A plurality of second grating couplers, wherein the second grating couplers guide the first sub-beams from the first wavelength division multiplexer to the first photodiodes, and waveguides connect the first grating couplers, the first wavelength division multiplexer and the second grating couplers; and a reflection pattern is located above the second grating couplers.

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