Electrodes, biosensors, and methods for manufacturing electrodes

Abstract

The electrode (1) is provided with a substrate film (2) and a conductive carbon layer (4) in sequence facing one side in the thickness direction. The electrode (1) satisfies the following formula (1). 0.30<N / O<4.00 (1) (In the above formula (1), N represents the nitrogen atom content in the conductive carbon layer, which is determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with the photoelectron grazing angle set to 90° relative to one side of the thickness direction of the conductive carbon layer, and O represents the oxygen atom content in the conductive carbon layer, which is determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with the photoelectron grazing angle set to 90° relative to one side of the thickness direction of the conductive carbon layer).

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