Fuel catalyst and method for enhancing complete combustion of fuel to reduce emissions

Abstract

This invention relates to a fuel catalyst and a method for assisting complete combustion of fuel to reduce pollution. The fuel catalyst comprises: 175 to 225 parts by weight of hydrocarbon; 565 to 635 parts by weight of titanium dioxide; and 175 to 225 parts by weight of hexadecane. The fuel catalyst is prepared by mixing or dissolving the hydrocarbon, titanium dioxide, and hexadecane into a solid or liquid state. The method for assisting complete combustion of fuel to reduce pollution involves adding the fuel catalyst to a fuel at a weight ratio of 10000:1 to 5. This allows the fuel molecules to be nano-sized, achieving complete combustion and thereby reducing pollutant emissions to prevent air pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a fuel catalyst that can break carbon chains in fuel and nano-scale fuel molecules to aid in complete combustion, and a method for using it to reduce air pollution. Prior Technology

[0002] Common fuels include diesel, gasoline, heavy oil, kerosene, and coal. The combustion of these fuels to generate power is an indispensable part of the transportation industry, including vehicles, aircraft, and ships. However, a drawback of burning fuels is that incomplete combustion results in exhaust gases containing high or excessive levels of pollutants such as sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), contributing to air pollution.

[0003] Therefore, there is Patent Application No. I653330, published on March 11, 2019, entitled "Method for Using a Novel Fuel Composition as Fuel for an Improved Diesel Engine." It discloses that the novel fuel composition comprises a water-emulsified fuel containing water, fuel oil, and an emulsifier. Based on a total weight of 100 wt% for water and fuel oil, the weight of water ranges from 10 to 90 wt%, and the weight of the emulsifier ranges from 0.5 to 10 wt%. The improved diesel engine includes a cylinder, which includes a cylinder body and a combustion chamber defined by the cylinder body. The cylinder body has an inner surface adjacent to the combustion chamber, and a catalyst is distributed on the inner surface. The catalyst is selected from metals, metal-containing alloys, metal oxide-containing complexes, metal salts, or combinations thereof. The metal is selected from platinum, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, titanium, or combinations thereof. In addition to significantly reducing the residual amounts of NOx, HC and PM in exhaust gases, this improved diesel engine can also improve fuel efficiency while maintaining the same engine speed and without reducing torque.

[0004] The patent in question primarily concerns a catalyst that can be distributed on the inner surface of at least one of the cylinder head, cylinder manifold, and piston, combined with a novel fuel composed of water, fuel, and an emulsifier. In the combustion chamber, the water-emulsified fuel undergoes a redox reaction catalyzed by the catalyst on the inner surface of the cylinder body, producing hydrogen and oxygen. Simultaneously, toxic NOx and HC produced due to incomplete combustion are converted into harmless nitrogen, oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide through redox reactions. PM also reacts with water vapor at high temperatures through a water-gas reaction to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen, thus significantly reducing the residual amounts of NOx, HC, and PM in exhaust gases. However, it cannot be used in commercially available fuel engines and requires the manufacture of a specially modified fuel engine, thus hindering its widespread adoption.

[0005] There is also a patent application No. I774522, "Internal Combustion Engine Oil Improvement Tablets," published on August 11, 2022 (Republic of China year 111). It discloses that the weight percentage of the components in this internal combustion engine oil improvement tablets is: palmitic acid hexadecyl ester 20-40%, lauric acid 5%, rosin 10-20%, stearic acid 10-15%, ketone 20-50%, borneol 4%, and titanium dioxide 1%. Specifically, palmitic acid hexadecyl ester is a combustion improver accounting for 20-40%, lauric acid is a lubricant and detergent accounting for 5%, rosin is a dispersant and catalyst accounting for 10-20%, stearic acid is an organic fatty acid and a synthetic ester synthesizer accounting for 10-15%, ketone is an organic ester sublimation agent accounting for 20-50%, borneol is an organic volatile agent accounting for 4%, and titanium dioxide is a toxic substance decomposition agent accounting for 1%. Its constituent substances are stable, easy to obtain, safe and non-toxic, do not produce secondary pollution, and can improve the combustion efficiency of gasoline and diesel, increase heat energy, save more than 15% of fuel, and only a trace amount is needed to achieve the effect.

[0006] The prior art patent only disclosed the use of rosin as a catalyst, and that titanium dioxide was used as a decomposing agent for toxic substances, specifically for the decomposition of nitrogen oxides, aromatics, and aldehydes. Therefore, the prior art patent is completely different from the technical features of this invention. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Therefore, in view of the aforementioned disadvantages of current fuel catalysts, the present invention provides a fuel catalyst comprising: 175 to 225 parts by weight of hydrocarbon; 565 to 635 parts by weight of titanium dioxide; and 175 to 225 parts by weight of hexadecane; wherein the hydrocarbon, titanium dioxide, and hexadecane are mixed or fused together to form a solid or liquid fuel catalyst.

[0008] The aforementioned hydrocarbons are nanoscale particles with a particle size between 0.6 nanometers and 1.0 nanometers.

[0009] The aforementioned hydrocarbons include one or any combination of the following: alkanes, with the general formula CnH2n+2, n ≥ 1; alkenes, with the general formula CnH2n, n ≥ 2; dienes, with the general formula CnH2n-2, n ≥ 3; cycloalkanes, with the general formula CnH2n, n ≥ 3; alkynes, with the general formula CnH2n-2, n ≥ 2; and aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzene and its homologues with the general formula CnH2n-6, n ≥ 6.

[0010] The above-mentioned titanium dioxide has the chemical formula TiO₂. This titanium dioxide is a transparent liquid with a melting point of 1870℃, a boiling point of 2972℃, and a density of 4.23 g / cm³. The hexadecane has the chemical formula C16H34. This hexadecane is a white solid or colorless liquid with a melting point of 18.2℃, a boiling point of 286.79℃, a flash point of 135℃, an ignition point of 202℃, and a density of 0.7734 g / cm³.

[0011] The above-mentioned fuel catalyst is mixed or fused together to form a liquid state using a mixer. The mixing or fusion temperature is 20 to 60°C, the stirring time is 1 hour, the stirring speed is 350 rpm, and the pressure is 10 psi / cm2. The liquid fuel catalyst is then dried in a dryer to obtain a solid fuel catalyst. The drying temperature is 160°C, and the drying time is 2 hours.

[0012] The present invention can also be a method to help fuel burn completely and reduce pollution by adding the above-mentioned fuel catalyst to a fuel to nano-molecularize the fuel and achieve complete combustion.

[0013] The weight ratio of the above-mentioned fuel and the fuel catalyst added is 10000:1 to 5.

[0014] The above refers to mixing 1 to 5 liters of the fuel catalyst with 10,000 liters of the fuel.

[0015] The types of fuels mentioned above are diesel, gasoline, heavy oil, kerosene, or coal.

[0016] The titanium dioxide is used to break the carbon chains in the fuel, making them present as many small carbon chains, thereby achieving molecular nanofiberization of the fuel. The hexadecane is used to increase the octane number of the fuel and purify the fuel.

[0017] The above-mentioned technical features have the following advantages:

[0018] 1. The titanium dioxide in the fuel catalyst can break the carbon chain in the fuel, making it into many small carbon chains. This can make the fuel molecules smaller and nano-sized, so that the fuel molecules can be completely burned. This avoids the exhaust gas containing high or excessive levels of pollutants such as sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides due to incomplete combustion, and can improve black smoke emissions and prevent air pollution.

[0019] 2. By utilizing the hexadecane in the fuel catalyst, the octane number of the fuel can be increased, and the fuel can be purified, thereby achieving effects such as anti-knock and improved combustion efficiency.

[0020] 3. Fuel catalysts can help various fuels burn completely, thus improving fuel combustion efficiency and having a higher calorific value. This not only reduces pollutant emissions during combustion but also saves fuel.

[0021] 4. Therefore, it can achieve fuel saving, complete combustion without air pollution, higher combustion value, no carbon deposits in the engine, and has the effects of temperature resistance and wear resistance.

[0022] 5. It can be widely used in kerosene and coal mines for direct use, as well as in coal and various coal-powered industries, factory boilers, coal slurry, heavy oil with added water, diesel oil for direct use, thermal power plants, gasoline for direct use, aviation oil for direct use, and lubricating oil for direct use. Simple Explanation of the Diagram

[0023] [Figure 1] is a schematic diagram of the composition of the fuel catalyst in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] [Figure 2] is a flowchart of a method for helping fuel to burn completely and reduce pollution according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Implementation

[0025] The first embodiment of the present invention is a fuel catalyst. The type of fuel can be diesel, gasoline, heavy oil, kerosene, or coal. The embodiment of the present invention uses diesel as an example for illustration, but it is not intended to limit the type of fuel used in the present invention.

[0026] As shown in the first figure, the fuel catalyst comprises at least: hydrocarbons, titanium dioxide, and hexadecane. Among them:

[0027] Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen elements. Their density is generally less than that of water, and they are insoluble in water but readily soluble in organic solvents. These hydrocarbons are nanoscale particles with particle sizes ranging from 0.6 nanometers to 1.0 nanometers.

[0028] This hydrocarbon, also known as a "hydrocarbon," includes one or any combination of the following types.

[0029] Alkanes, whose general formula is: CnH2n+2 (n≧1);

[0030] Alkenes, whose general formula is: CnH2n (n≧2);

[0031] Dienes, whose general formula is: CnH2n-2 (n≧3);

[0032] Cycloalkanes, whose general formula is: CnH2n (n≧3);

[0033] Alkynes, whose general formula is: CnH2n-2 (n≧2);

[0034] Aromatic hydrocarbons do not have a fixed general formula, but the general formula for benzene and its homologues is: CnH2n-6 (n≧6).

[0035] The "hydrocarbons" mentioned are mostly saturated hydrocarbons, including alkanes and cycloalkanes. Unsaturated hydrocarbons include alkenes and alkynes, such as ethylene and acetylene. Other unsaturated hydrocarbons include aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, naphthalene, and anthracene, which are generally only obtained during petroleum processing. There are three types of hydrocarbons in petroleum: alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

[0036] Titanium dioxide, with the chemical formula TiO₂, is a transparent liquid and can be used as a primary raw material for photocatalysts. It has a melting point of 1870℃, a boiling point of 2972℃, and a density of 4.23 g / cm³.

[0037] Hexadecane, with the chemical formula C16H34, is a white solid or colorless liquid. It has a melting point of 18.2℃, a boiling point of 286.79℃, a flash point of 135℃, an ignition point of 202℃, and a density of 0.7734 g / cm³. It is miscible with diethyl ether, petroleum ether, and chloroform; slightly soluble in hot ethanol; and insoluble in water. It can be used as a solvent.

[0038] The fuel catalyst is manufactured by mixing or fusing 175 to 225 parts by weight of liquid hydrocarbons, 565 to 635 parts by weight of liquid titanium dioxide, and 175 to 225 parts by weight of solid or liquid hexadecane using a mixer to form a liquid fuel catalyst. The mixing or fusing temperature is 20 to 60°C, the stirring time is 1 hour, the stirring speed is 350 rpm, and the pressure is 10 psi / cm². The liquid fuel catalyst is then dried in a dryer to obtain a solid fuel catalyst. The drying temperature is 160°C, the drying time is 2 hours, and no pressure adjustment is required.

[0039] As shown in the second figure, the second embodiment of the present invention is a method to help fuel burn completely to reduce pollution, which is implemented in conjunction with the fuel catalyst in the above embodiment.

[0040] The above-mentioned fuel catalyst can be added to any fuel. In this embodiment of the invention, diesel fuel is selected, and the liquid fuel catalyst is added to the diesel fuel. The weight ratio of the diesel fuel to the fuel catalyst is 10000:1 to 5. This weight ratio is applicable to adding liquid fuel catalyst to liquid fuel, solid fuel catalyst to solid fuel, liquid fuel catalyst to solid fuel, and solid fuel catalyst to liquid fuel. In actual use, the weight is converted according to the specific gravity of different fuels and the specific gravity of the fuel catalyst, and then an appropriate weight of fuel catalyst is added according to the weight ratio of 10000:1 to 5. However, for ease of calculation, the slight difference in specific gravity is ignored, and the conversion is directly based on a ratio of 1 liter to 1 kilogram. Therefore, this invention can add 1 to 5 liters of the fuel catalyst to 10000 liters of diesel fuel for mixed use.

[0041] When diesel fuel containing this fuel catalyst enters the engine's combustion chamber and begins to burn, the titanium dioxide in the catalyst breaks down the carbon chains in the diesel fuel, creating numerous smaller carbon chains. This process primarily utilizes titanium to break down the carbon chains into finer ones, each with attached small molecules, thus miniaturizing the fuel or coal. Because the fuel catalyst nanoscales the hydrocarbon molecules in the diesel fuel, their smaller size increases kinetic energy and facilitates better integration with oxygen. This process reduces the size of the diesel fuel molecules, leading to more complete combustion and improved engine combustion efficiency. The resulting higher calorific value contributes to increased engine horsepower under conditions of complete combustion, offering advantages such as fuel economy and reduced fuel injector clogging. Furthermore, it prevents excessive levels of pollutants like sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases caused by incomplete combustion, and reduces black smoke emissions, thus preventing air pollution problems. By aiding in the complete combustion of fuel, the combustion efficiency is improved, and pollutant emissions during combustion are reduced, thus achieving fuel savings. Furthermore, the hexadecane in the fuel catalyst component can increase the octane number of the diesel fuel and purify it, thereby achieving anti-knock and improved combustion efficiency.

[0042] In particular, it nano-sized oil molecules, achieving a high reaction rate for complete combustion. It exhibits high oxidizing activity towards carbon monoxide even at room temperature and low temperatures (ranging from -70 to 250°C), converting carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide in a very short reaction time. This highly efficient catalytic activity effectively densifies the molecular structure of air molecules, allowing diesel fuel to mix rapidly with air, reducing engine temperature and improving operating efficiency.

[0043] It can be widely used in kerosene and coal mines for direct use, as well as in coal and various coal-powered industries, factory boilers, coal slurry, heavy oil with added water, diesel oil for direct use, thermal power plants, gasoline for direct use, aviation oil for direct use, and lubricating oil for direct use.

[0044] Please refer to Table 1 for the pollutant concentrations and emission rates of diesel fuels after combustion with and without the fuel catalyst of the present invention (weight ratios of 10000:1 and 10000:5, respectively).

[0045] Table 1: Fuel Addition Fuel Catalyst Sulfur dioxide (ppm) Oxygen Nitrogen oxides (ppm) Nitrogen and oxygen compounds (ppm) carbon monoxide (ppm) Dioxane Carbon dioxide (%) oxygen (%) efficiency(%) Revised Efficiency Complete Efficiency No fuel catalyst added 1189 64 67 5639 5.0 15.3 81.3 83.8 10000:1 ▼ Decline rate ▲Rise rate 969 ▼18.5% 55 ▼14% 5.9 1455 ▼74.2% 7.0 13.0 90.9 93.8 10000:5 ▼ Decline rate ▲Rise rate 461 ▼62.3% 45 ▼30% 47 561 ▼90% 7.4 12.5 91.9 ▲10.6% 95.8 ▲12%

[0046] As shown in Table 1 above, when this invention is added to diesel fuel at ratios of 10000:1 and 10000:5, the reduction in pollutant emissions is as follows: sulfur dioxide (SO2): 18.5~62.3%; nitrogen monoxide (NO): 14~30%; and carbon monoxide (CO): 74.2~90%, all significantly lower than the emissions without the catalyst. Furthermore, the combustion efficiency is increased by more than 12% after adding this fuel catalyst. Therefore, the exhaust gas from diesel fuel combustion with the fuel catalyst of this invention shows a significant decrease in the concentration and emission rate of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides.

[0047] Please refer to Table 2 for the concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx) after diesel combustion, with and without the addition of the fuel catalyst of this invention:

[0048] Table 2: Before using fuel catalyst After using fuel catalyst NOx (ppm) SOx (ppm) NOx (ppm) SOx (ppm) peak 147.28 18.375 135.83 15.025 Off-peak 197.91 16.909 186.54 11.272 Same interval 163.54 17.971 151.77 16.314

[0049] Similarly, as shown in Table 2 above, the exhaust gas from diesel combustion with the addition of the fuel catalyst of this invention exhibits a significant decrease in the emission concentrations of both nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx). Furthermore, long-term use of the fuel catalyst can reduce NOx and SOx emissions by 7.1% and 9.2%, respectively.

[0050] Please refer to Table 3 for the weight changes of particulate matter (PM) produced after combustion of diesel fuel with the fuel catalyst of the present invention (weight ratios of 10000:1 and 10000:5) and without the fuel catalyst of the present invention.

[0051] Table 3: Contains diesel Initial filter weight (g) Final filter weight (g) PM weight (g) No added fuel catalyst 217.96 223.58 5.62 Add fuel catalyst at a ratio of 10000:1 (▼ rate of decline) 223.15 224.18 1.03 ▼81.6% Add fuel catalyst at a ratio of 10000:5 (▼ rate of decline) 219.84 220.83 0.99 ▼82.3%

[0052] As shown in Table 3 above, when added to diesel fuel at weight ratios of 10000:1 and 10000:5, the PM reduction was 81.6% and 82.3% respectively, both of which were far lower than the PM values ​​generated when no additive was used.

[0053] Please refer to Table 4, which shows the changes in coal consumption and steam production when the boiler equipment uses coal combustion with and without the fuel catalyst of this invention.

[0054] Table 4: After using fuel catalyst No fuel catalyst used Average hourly coal consumption (tons) Average hourly steam production (tons) Average hourly coal consumption (tons) Average hourly steam production (tons) peak 64.8 536.1 67.1 533.2 Off-peak 42.1 354.7 42.2 347.0 Same interval 56.8 472.4 58.5 469.1

[0055] Similarly, as shown in Table 4 above, even when used in boiler equipment to burn coal, adding the fuel catalyst of this invention can reduce coal consumption and increase steam production.

[0056] Accordingly, the fuel catalyst of the present invention improves the combustion efficiency of fuel and reduces pollutant emissions during combustion by helping the fuel to burn completely. Furthermore, this fuel catalyst can help various fuels burn completely, thus improving the combustion efficiency and having a high calorific value. This not only reduces pollutant emissions during combustion but also achieves fuel savings.

[0057] Based on the above description of the embodiments, one can fully understand the operation, use and effects of the present invention. However, the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention. Simple equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of the patent application and the description of the invention are all within the scope of the present invention.

[0058] none

Claims

1. A fuel catalyst comprising: a hydrocarbon, comprising 175 to 225 parts by weight; titanium dioxide, comprising 565 to 635 parts by weight; and hexadecane, comprising 175 to 225 parts by weight, the hexadecane having the chemical formula C16H34, the hexadecane being a white solid or a colorless liquid, having a melting point of 18.2°C, a boiling point of 286.79°C, a flash point of 135°C, an ignition point of 202°C, and a density of 0.7734 g / cm3; wherein the hydrocarbon, the titanium dioxide, and the hexadecane are mixed or fused together to form a solid or liquid fuel catalyst.

2. The fuel catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The hydrocarbon system consists of nanoscale particles with a diameter ranging from 0.6 nanometers to 1.0 nanometers.

3. The fuel catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The hydrocarbons include one or any combination of the following: alkanes with the general formula CnH2n+2, n ≥ 1; alkenes with the general formula CnH2n, n ≥ 2; dienes with the general formula CnH2n-2, n ≥ 3; cycloalkanes with the general formula CnH2n, n ≥ 3; alkynes with the general formula CnH2n-2, n ≥ 2; and aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzene and its homologues with the general formula CnH2n-6, n ≥ 6.

4. The fuel catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The chemical formula of this titanium dioxide is TiO2. This titanium dioxide is a transparent liquid with a melting point of 1870℃, a boiling point of 2972℃, and a density of 4.23 g / cm3.

5. The fuel catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The fuel catalyst is mixed or fused together in a mixer at a temperature of 20 to 60°C for 1 hour at a speed of 350 rpm and a pressure of 10 psi / cm2. The liquid fuel catalyst is then dried in a dryer at a temperature of 160°C for 2 hours to obtain a solid fuel catalyst.

6. A method for aiding complete combustion of fuel to reduce pollution, comprising adding a fuel catalyst as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 to a fuel, thereby nano-combusting the molecules of the fuel to achieve complete combustion.

7. A method for assisting complete combustion of fuel to reduce pollution, as described in claim 6, wherein... The weight ratio of the fuel and the fuel catalyst added is 10000:1 to 5.

8. A method for assisting complete combustion of fuel to reduce pollution, as described in claim 6, wherein... It involves adding 1 to 5 liters of the fuel catalyst to 10,000 liters of the fuel mixture.

9. A method for assisting complete combustion of fuel to reduce pollution, as described in claim 6, wherein... The type of fuel is diesel, gasoline, heavy oil, kerosene, or coal.

10. A method for assisting complete combustion of fuel to reduce pollution, as described in claim 6, wherein, Titanium dioxide is used to break the carbon chains in the fuel, making it present as many small carbon chains, thereby achieving molecular nanofiberization of the fuel. Hexadecane is used to increase the octane number of the fuel and purify the fuel.

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