Reactor device for degrading harmful substances in fly ash dust

Abstract

This invention discloses a reactor device for degrading harmful substances in fly ash dust, which comprises a reactor body, a feeding unit, and a discharging unit. The feeding unit can transport a slurry of fly ash dust mixed with warm water into the reactor body, where a stirrer drives the stirring blades to stir the slurry, thereby performing hydraulic vortex separation of coarse and fine slurry particles and washing away harmful substances. The coarse slurry particles settle to the bottom of the reactor body under the action of centrifugal force and gravity and are discharged from the slurry outlet to the discharging unit for screening, while the fine particles and water-insoluble substances flow through the flotation screen and overflow pipe into the overflow flotation tank for treatment.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention relates to the field of treatment technology for harmful fly ash dust generated by incineration. More specifically, it is a reactor device that can degrade harmful high chlorine content, dioxin heavy metals, etc. in incinerated fly ash dust to make it meet regulatory standards and thus become recyclable materials. [Previous Technology]

[0002] Note that fly ash generated after waste incineration, due to the incineration temperature between 850℃ and 1050℃, contains heavy metals with boiling points lower than the incineration temperature. These heavy metals easily vaporize and enter the air pollution control equipment of the incineration plant along with the exhaust gas and fly ash. Then, as the heavy metals condense, most of them adhere to the fly ash. Furthermore, waste contains chlorinated organic compounds, and the incineration and air pollution control processes will involve precursor synthesis reactions to form dioxins, most of which also condense on the fly ash. According to current regulations in Taiwan, whether waste incineration fly ash is hazardous must be determined according to the hazardous industrial waste identification standards, including testing the fly ash for heavy metal concentrations in the toxicity leaching process and the total toxicity equivalent concentration of dioxins. For many years, the Ministry of Environmental Protection has regularly tested the TCLP (Total Control Limit for Heavy Metals) concentration and total dioxin content of fly ash from domestic incineration plants. Test results show that most heavy metals, such as lead, chromium, arsenic, and copper, exceed the TCLP standard of 5.0 mg / L, while some cadmium levels exceed the TCLP standard of 1.0 mg / L. The leaching values ​​of other heavy metals are all below the TCLP standard. Therefore, under current regulations, the classification of waste incineration fly ash as hazardous industrial waste is solely due to heavy metal levels exceeding the TCLP standard.

[0003] To address the aforementioned fly ash dust problem, current solutions generally involve stabilizing the harmful fly ash dust with cement and chemical chelating agents before transporting the stabilized fly ash to a separate sanitary landfill for burial. However, this approach not only fails to reuse the fly ash and wastes resources, but also increases waste volume, consumes limited landfill space, and raises processing costs. Furthermore, due to inaccurate fly ash stabilizers or rainfall at the landfill, harmful substances in the stabilized fly ash can easily leach out, polluting the soil and water environment. Therefore, how to move beyond stabilizing and burying incinerated fly ash and instead effectively remove harmful substances from fly ash dust, so that the fly ash dust treated with harmless technology meets regulatory standards for recycling and reuse, is a crucial issue in the environmental protection field.

[0004] In view of this, based on the author’s many years of experience in manufacturing, developing and designing related products, the author has conducted detailed research and design for the above objectives and finally obtained a practical reactor device. [Summary of the Invention]

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a reactor device for degrading harmful substances in fly ash dust, which comprises a reactor body, a feeding unit, and a discharging unit.

[0006] The reactor system is a cylindrical-conical structure, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. A flotation screen is provided at the upper edge, with a slurry injection port below the screen and an overflow pipe above it to discharge overflowing flotation. A slurry outlet is located at the bottom of the reactor body for discharging the slurry washed within the reactor. A stirrer is mounted at the top of the reactor body, driving stirring blades to perform stirring actions inside the reactor body at a predetermined speed and direction. A dosing pipe may be provided at the top of the reactor body, allowing chemical conditioning agents to enter the reactor body through the dosing pipe.

[0007] The feeding unit mixes fly ash dust and system recycled water in a trough to form slurry, and then the slurry with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:4 and water at 50°C is forcefully transported to the grouting port of the reactor body by a pressure pump.

[0008] The discharge unit includes a coarse separator and a solid-liquid separator. The coarse separator and the solid-liquid separator are connected by pipelines. The coarse separator is connected to the slurry outlet at the bottom of the reactor body. It uses the density difference between the washed particles and the liquid and centrifugal force to achieve the purpose of first-stage solid-liquid separation and collection of clean coarse particles. The solid-liquid separator is connected to the coarse separator and uses a motor to pressurize, filter, compress and dewater to achieve the purpose of clean mud.

[0009] In this way, the feeding unit can transport the fly ash slurry mixed with warm water into the reactor body for hydraulic vortex separation, and the agitator drives the agitator blades to regulate and stir the slurry, thereby separating coarse and fine slurry particles and washing to reduce the salinity of the slurry. The coarse slurry particles settle to the bottom of the reactor body under the action of gravity and are discharged from the slurry outlet to the discharge unit for screening, while the fine particles and water-insoluble substances flow through the flotation screen to the overflow flotation tank for treatment. [Simplified Explanation of the Diagram]

[0026] Figure 1 shows a simplified flowchart of the creation process; Figure 2 shows a planar structural diagram of the reactor body of this creation.

Implementation Method

[0027] The technical content, features, and effects of the present invention and its methods will be clearly presented in the following detailed description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, before the present invention is described in detail, it should be specifically noted that the accompanying drawings are schematic representations of the basic structure of the present invention. Therefore, only structures or elements related to the present invention are shown in these drawings, and the shown structural shapes, dimensions, proportions, or the number and direction of elements are optional designs; this is stated in advance. Additionally, certain terms are defined with consideration of the function in the present invention and may be changed according to actual implementation. Therefore, the terms used should be defined based on the content of the entire specification and its corresponding functions.

[0028] Please refer to Figure 1, which shows a simplified flowchart of the present invention, and Figure 2, which shows a planar structural diagram of the reactor body of the present invention. The present invention is a reactor device for degrading harmful substances in fly ash dust, mainly comprising a reactor body 10, a feeding unit 20, and a discharging unit 30; wherein: the reactor body 10 is a cylindrical-conical structure made of steel plate, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, with a floating liquid grid 11 at the upper edge covering the upper surface of the reactor body 10; the floating liquid grid 11 is made of acid-resistant stainless steel wire with an appropriate mesh size; a grouting port 12 is provided at the upper end of the reactor body 10, below the floating liquid grid 11, and the inlet angle of the grouting port 12 is tangential to the circular reactor body 10; the reactor... An overflow pipe 13 is provided at the upper end of the reactor body 10, above the flotation screen 11, and the end of the overflow pipe 13 can be connected to the overflow flotation tank; furthermore, a slurry outlet 14 is provided at the bottom end of the reactor body 10, which can discharge the washing slurry in the reactor body 10; furthermore, a stirrer 15 is mounted at the top of the reactor body 10, and a rotating shaft 151 extends from the stirrer 15 into the reactor body 10, and one or more spiral stirring blades 152 are pivotally connected to the rotating shaft 151, so that when the stirrer 15 is in operation, the stirring blades 152 perform stirring action inside the reactor body 10 at a predetermined speed and direction. The reactor body 10 is equipped with a dosing pipe 16 and a cleaning pipe 17 at its top. The dosing pipe 16 extends into the reactor body 10, allowing the reagent to enter the reactor body 10. The reagent includes chemical conditioning agents, such as iron oxide, surfactants, and natural polysaccharides, which emulsify and separate the slurry into a flotation. The reagent also includes inorganic or organic agents, such as PACl (polyaluminum chloride), FeCl3 (ferric chloride), and chelating agents, which remove slurry flocs by sedimentation.

[0029] The cleaning pipe 17 can spray high-pressure clean water to clean the inside of the reactor body 10.

[0030] The feeding unit 20 is located in a material tank 21. The fly ash dust is mixed with the system recycled water to form a slurry, which is then mixed with warm water at 50°C to form a slurry with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:4. The slurry is then transported to the injection port 12 of the reactor body 10 by the action of the pressure pump 22.

[0031] The discharge unit 30 includes a coarse separator 31 and a solid-liquid separator 32. The coarse separator 31 and the solid-liquid separator 32 are connected by pipelines. The coarse separator 31 is connected to the slurry outlet 14 at the bottom of the reactor body 10. It uses the density difference between the washed particles and the liquid and centrifugal force to achieve the purpose of solid-liquid separation and collection of washed coarse particles in the first stage. The solid-liquid separator 32 is connected to the coarse separator 31. It uses a motor to pressurize, filter, compress and dewater to achieve the purpose of clean mud.

[0032] According to the structure of the present invention described above, the feeding unit 20 can mix fly ash dust and recycled water in the feed tank 21, and then forcefully transport the slurry to the injection port 12 of the reactor body 10 through the pressure pump 22. Since the injection angle of the injection port 12 is tangential to the reactor body 10, a hydraulic vortex can be fully injected into the reactor body 10 to achieve gravity vortex separation. When the agitator 15 mounted on the top of the reactor body 10 is in operation, the agitator blades 152 stir and tumble the slurry inside, which can effectively separate coarse and fine particles. In the continuous operation of fine slurry sedimentation, coarse particles in the slurry are thrown towards the wall by inertial force and settle to the conical bottom of the reactor body 10 under the action of gravity, and are discharged through the slurry outlet 14 to the discharge unit 30 for screening; while fine light particles and water-insoluble floating liquid substances (including lipogenic dioxins, foam emulsions and extremely fine particles such as oils) are suspended and rise through the overflow pipe 13 when the liquid level is higher than the overflow pipe 13, under the action of the flotation screen 11 and the iron oxide, surfactants and other agents introduced by the dosing pipe 16, and are discharged to the overflow flotation tank for treatment (the treatment method can be that the oil-loving foam absorbs the slurry and then sends it to the plant for incineration). The coarse particles discharged from the slurry outlet 14 of the reactor body 10 are received by the discharge unit 30. First, the coarse separator 31 separates the particles and liquid by density difference and centrifugal force to achieve the first stage of solid-liquid separation. Then, the solid-liquid separator 32 uses a motor to pressurize, filter, compress and dewater to achieve the purpose of clean mud. The resulting clean ash can be used as cement raw material for cement plants, while the wastewater is purified, recycled and discharged through the sewage system.

[0033] Therefore, the following excellent features can be produced according to the above-mentioned device design of the present invention: (1) the device can dissolve harmful substances in fly ash, so that the treated harmless fly ash can be used as a raw material for reuse, achieving the net zero goal of "zero waste" and "high-quality resource reuse"; (2) the wastewater discharge is safe and harmless. According to the design of the present invention, the creative purpose can be achieved. However, the above-mentioned structural content is only used to explain the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not a limitation on the scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made under the same spirit should still be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] As described above, this case has many advantages and significant practical characteristics. Moreover, the technical means and structural features used in this case were indeed developed by the creator of this case. This structure is not seen in the market. Therefore, this case has indeed met the requirements for a patent. Therefore, this application is filed in accordance with the law, and we pray for the granting of patent rights.

Claims

1. A reactor device for degrading harmful substances in fly ash dust, comprising a reactor body, a feeding unit, and a discharging unit; the reactor body is a cylindrical-conical structure made of steel plate, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, with a floating liquid screen at the upper edge covering the upper surface of the reactor body; a grouting port is provided at the upper end of the reactor body, below the floating liquid screen; an overflow pipe is provided at the upper end of the reactor body, above the floating liquid screen, the end of which can be connected to an overflow slurry tank; a slurry outlet is provided at the bottom end of the reactor body. The slurry washed inside the reactor body is discharged. A stirrer is mounted at the top of the reactor body, with a rotating shaft extending into the reactor body. One or more helical stirring blades are pivotally connected to the shaft, causing the stirring blades to agitate the reactor body at a predetermined speed and direction when the stirrer is in operation. A dosing pipe is located at the top of the reactor body, extending into the reactor body to allow chemical conditioning agents to enter the reactor body. The feeding unit is connected to a feed trough. The fly ash dust is mixed with the system's recycled water to form a slurry, which is then mixed with 50°C warm water to form a slurry with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:

4. This slurry is then forcefully pumped to the grouting port of the reactor body by a pressure pump. The discharge unit includes a coarse separator and a solid-liquid separator, which are connected by pipelines. The coarse separator is connected to the slurry outlet at the bottom of the reactor body. Utilizing the density difference between the washed particles and the liquid, as well as centrifugal force, the first stage of solid-liquid separation is achieved, collecting and cleaning the coarse particles. The solid-liquid separator is connected to the coarse separator, which uses a motor to pressurize, filter, compress, and dewater the mud to achieve the purpose of cleaning the mud. In this way, the feeding unit can transport the slurry of fly ash and warm water to the inside of the reactor body, so that the agitator drives the stirring blades to stir the slurry, thereby separating coarse and fine slurry particles. The coarse slurry particles settle to the bottom of the reactor body under the action of centrifugal force and gravity and are discharged from the slurry outlet to the discharge unit for screening, while the fine particles and water-insoluble substances flow through the flotation screen to the overflow flotation tank for treatment.

2. The reactor apparatus for degrading harmful substances in fly ash dust as described in claim 1, wherein, The feed angle of the grouting port of the reactor body is tangential to it.

3. The reactor apparatus for degrading harmful substances in fly ash dust as described in claim 1, wherein, A cleaning pipe is installed above the reactor body, which can spray high-pressure water to clean the inside of the reactor body.

4. The reactor apparatus for degrading harmful substances in fly ash dust as described in claim 1, wherein, The dosing pipe at the top of the reactor body allows chemical conditioning agents to be added inside. These chemical conditioning agents include iron oxide, surfactants, and natural polysaccharides, which cause the slurry to emulsify and separate into flotations.

5. The reactor apparatus for degrading hazardous substances in fly ash dust as described in claim 1, wherein, The dosing pipe at the top of the reactor body allows inorganic or organic chemical conditioning agents to be added to its interior. These agents include PACl (polyaluminum chloride), FeCl3 (ferric chloride), and chelating agents, which help to remove slurry flocs by sedimentation.

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