Precast parapet wall unit and architecture structure

Abstract

The subject disclosure pertains to a precast parapet wall unit and an architecture structure including the same. The precast parapet wall unit is a rectangular wall structure and has a first side and a second side. The first side of the wall is generally flat, while the second side includes: two connecting recesses, formed at the left and right edges of the second side, with each connecting recess having a first surface and a second surface, perpendicular to the first surface; a platform located between the two connecting recesses, wherein the second surfaces of the connecting recesses are located on both sides of the platform respectively. The precast parapet wall unit has a first thickness at the platform, and a second thickness at the two connecting recesses, less than the first thickness. The precast parapet wall unit includes two reinforcement structures, placed on the first surfaces of the recesses respectively, wherein the height of the reinforcement structure is lower than that of the platform.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure relates to a precast parapet wall unit and building structure. [Previous Technology]

[0002] Precast concrete construction refers to a method where concrete is produced in a factory, poured into reusable molds, cured and hardened in a controlled environment, and then transported to the construction site for installation. Precast concrete construction moves most of the work that would otherwise be done on-site to the factory. Factory production offers advantages such as environmental stability, immunity to weather conditions, reduced demand for skilled workers, and standardized operations. On-site assembly and hoisting are performed using mechanized equipment, eliminating the need for external scaffolding. Exterior walls and finishing work can be carried out simultaneously, effectively shortening the construction period. Only component assembly, rebar splicing, and a very limited amount of concrete pouring remain on-site, significantly reducing the workload. Furthermore, since traditional wooden formwork is not used on-site, it contributes to forest conservation, is environmentally friendly, and keeps the construction site clean and tidy.

[0003] Currently, the fully precast construction method is mostly used for major building components such as beams, columns, and floor slabs. For parapet walls, due to technical difficulties and other factors, the current method still mainly involves on-site assembly of formwork and pouring of concrete to form the parapet wall. Therefore, how to apply the precast construction method to building structures including parapet walls, so as to make full use of the advantages of the precast construction method, is what the industry hopes for. [Summary of the Invention]

[0004] This disclosure provides a precast parapet wall unit, which can be spliced ​​together adjacent to each other to facilitate the construction of a complete parapet wall structure on the construction site.

[0005] Specifically, one embodiment of this disclosure provides a precast parapet wall unit, which is a rectangular wall. A first side of the wall is generally planar, and a second side of the wall includes: two connecting recesses formed at the left and right edges of the second side, each of the connecting recesses having a first surface and a second surface perpendicular to the first surface; a platform located between the two connecting recesses, the second surfaces of the connecting recesses being located on both sides of the platform, wherein the precast parapet wall unit has a first thickness at the platform, and the precast parapet wall unit has a second thickness less than the first thickness at the two connecting recesses; and a stiffening structure disposed on the first surface of the recess, wherein the height of the stiffening structure is lower than the height of the platform.

[0006] Specifically, this disclosure provides a building structure comprising: a plurality of precast parapet wall units as described in the above embodiments, the precast parapet wall units being arranged side by side and aligned, and placed on the upper end of a wall structure; a first floor slab including a plurality of second reinforcing bars extending from one side of the first floor slab, wherein the plurality of first reinforcing bars of the precast parapet wall units are connected to the second reinforcing bars of the first floor slab; and a second floor slab connecting the precast parapet wall units and the first floor slab, the second floor slab being formed by pouring concrete to cover the first reinforcing bars and the second reinforcing bars and then solidifying it.

Implementation Method

[0007] The following disclosure provides numerous different embodiments or instances for implementing various features of the provided object. Specific examples of elements and configurations will be described below to simplify this disclosure. Of course, these are merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. For example, in the following description, "forming a first member above or on a second member" may include embodiments in which the first member and the second member are in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in which additional members may be formed between the first member and the second member such that the first member and the second member are not in direct contact. Furthermore, element symbols and / or letters may be repeated in various instances in this disclosure. This repetition is intended for simplicity and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or configurations discussed.

[0008] Furthermore, for ease of description, spatially relative terms (such as "below," "below," "down," "above," "upper," "above," and the like) may be used herein to describe the relationship between one element or component and another element(s), as illustrated in the figures. In addition to the orientations depicted in the figures, spatially relative terms are also intended to cover different orientations of the device during use or operation. The device may be oriented in other ways (rotated 90 degrees or otherwise), and the spatially relative descriptive terms used herein may be interpreted accordingly.

[0009] As used herein, terms such as “first,” “second,” and “third” describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and / or sections, and these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be used only to distinguish elements, components, regions, layers, or sections from one another. Unless clearly indicated herein, the terms such as “first,” “second,” and “third” as used herein do not imply a sequence or order.

[0010] As used herein, the terms “approximately,” “substantially,” “substantially,” and “about” are used to describe and explain minor variations. When used in conjunction with an event or condition, the terms may refer to instances in which the event or condition occurs precisely and instances in which the event or condition occurs very approximately. For example, when used in conjunction with a numerical value, the terms may refer to a range of variation less than or equal to ±10% of that numerical value, such as less than or equal to ±5%, less than or equal to ±4%, less than or equal to ±3%, less than or equal to ±2%, less than or equal to ±1%, less than or equal to ±0.5%, less than or equal to ±0.1%, or less than or equal to ±0.05%. For example, if the difference between two values ​​is less than or equal to ±10% of the average of these equivalent values ​​(such as less than or equal to ±5%, less than or equal to ±4%, less than or equal to ±3%, less than or equal to ±2%, less than or equal to ±1%, less than or equal to ±0.5%, less than or equal to ±0.1%, or less than or equal to ±0.05%), then these equivalent values ​​can be considered "substantially" the same or equal. For example, "substantially" parallelism can involve an angular variation of less than or equal to ±10° relative to 0°, such as less than or equal to ±5°, less than or equal to ±4°, less than or equal to ±3°, less than or equal to ±2°, less than or equal to ±1°, less than or equal to ±0.5°, less than or equal to ±0.1°, or less than or equal to ±0.05°. For example, "substantially" vertical can refer to an angle variation of less than or equal to ±10° relative to 90°, such as less than or equal to ±5°, less than or equal to ±4°, less than or equal to ±3°, less than or equal to ±2°, less than or equal to ±1°, less than or equal to ±0.5°, less than or equal to ±0.1°, or less than or equal to ±0.05°.

[0011] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "horizontal" or "vertical" as used herein are generally relative to the ground of the building site. For example, "horizontal direction" refers to a direction that is approximately parallel to the ground; "vertical direction" refers to a direction that is approximately perpendicular to the ground; and "height" refers to the distance from the ground. Furthermore, the term "connection" of reinforcing bars as used herein includes lap splices between reinforcing bars or splices made through reinforcing bar connectors.

[0012] Please refer to Figures 1A and 1B. In one embodiment of this disclosure, the precast parapet wall unit 100 is a rectangular wall, with its first side 105 facing the outer side of the building structure. Figure 1B shows a three-dimensional schematic view of the precast parapet wall unit of one embodiment of this disclosure from its first side 105. The first side 105 shown is generally flat, which can be used for subsequent painting or tiling. However, the phrase "generally flat" in this disclosure only means that there are no exposed steel bars on that side, and does not limit it to the absence of any surface decoration.

[0013] FIG1A shows the precast parapet wall unit 100 as viewed from its second side 107. Specifically, connecting recesses 110 and 106 are located on the left and right sides of the second side 107 of the precast parapet wall unit 100, respectively, for connecting the precast parapet wall unit 100 to other precast parapet wall units on its left and right. Each of the connecting recesses 110 and 106 has a first surface F1 and a second surface F2 perpendicular to the first surface F1.

[0014] Platform 102 is located on the second side 107 of the precast parapet wall unit 100, with connecting recesses 110 and 106 on its left and right sides respectively, and occupies most of the area of ​​the second side 107. The second surfaces F2 of the aforementioned connecting recesses 110 and 106 are located on both sides of platform 102, wherein the precast parapet wall unit 100 has a first thickness T1 at platform 102, and a second thickness T2 that is less than the first thickness T1 at the two connecting recesses 110 and 106.

[0015] The second side 107 of the parapet wall unit 100 further has a stiffening structure 112 and a stiffening structure 114, which are respectively disposed on the first surface F1 of the connecting recess 110 and the connecting recess 106, and the height H1 of the stiffening structure 112 and the stiffening structure 114 is lower than the height H2 of the platform 102. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the stiffening structures 112 and 114 are metal trusses partially embedded in the precast parapet wall unit 100.

[0016] As shown in FIG1A, the second side 107 of the precast parapet wall unit 100 has a plurality of first reinforcing bars 108 for connection with a floor (not shown), which extend vertically from the precast parapet wall unit 100 a predetermined distance from the bottom of the second side 107. These first reinforcing bars 108 are used for connection with a floor perpendicular to the wall surface of the precast parapet wall unit 100. In some embodiments disclosed herein, the precast parapet wall unit 100 does not include these first reinforcing bars 108, but rather the precast parapet wall unit 100 is vertically joined to the edge of the floor by other means.

[0017] Referring to Figure 1A, the second side 107 of the precast parapet wall unit 100 further has a base structure 103, which is formed at the bottom of the precast parapet wall unit 100, and the precast parapet wall unit 100 has a third thickness T3 at the base structure 103 that is greater than the first thickness T1 (the thickness at the platform 102). In some embodiments disclosed herein, the platform 102 of the second side 107 of the precast parapet wall unit 100 has a first recess 1021 for installing a kick guard or a leak guard strip 136 (described later). The first recess 1021 is located on the bottom side of the platform 102, and the precast parapet wall unit 100 has a fourth thickness T4 at the first recess 1021 that is less than the first thickness T1 and greater than the second thickness T2 (the thickness at the connecting recess 110 and the connecting recess 106). The first reinforcing bars 108 are located at the first recess 1021. The base structure 103 includes at least one support mechanism 200 therein for supporting the precast parapet wall unit 100 on a support (e.g., an exterior wall). The detailed structure of the support mechanism 200 is described later.

[0018] The precast parapet wall unit 100 disclosed in FIG1A is particularly suitable for use in the direction perpendicular to the wall surface of the precast parapet wall unit 100, where the first steel bars 108 are connected to the second steel bars 302 extending from the first floor 300 (see FIG3) to construct a building structure extending from the first floor 300 as shown in FIG8, which includes a balcony and a parapet wall formed by connecting several precast parapet wall units 100.

[0019] Please now refer to Figure 2, which shows the first floor 300 of the building structure disclosed herein, the first floor 300 including a plurality of second reinforcing bars 302 extending from one side thereof. One side of the first floor 300 is supported by beams 304. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, a precast parapet wall unit 100 is disposed above a wall structure 400 for supporting the precast parapet wall unit 100 and giving the precast parapet wall unit 100 a suitable height relative to the first floor 300. The wall structure 400 can be any suitable supporting structure, such as an exterior wall of a building.

[0020] Please now refer to Figures 3 to 13, which show various perspective views of the process of constructing building structure 500 (see Figure 13) using the precast parapet wall unit 100 of the above-disclosed embodiments. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the precast parapet wall unit 100 is aligned and set on the wall structure 400 by means of a crane or other lifting equipment (not shown), with the first reinforcing bars 108 of the precast parapet wall unit 100 facing the first floor 300; in contrast, the second reinforcing bars 302 extending from the first floor 300 face the precast parapet wall unit 100, the first reinforcing bars 108 and the second reinforcing bars 302 are generally aligned with each other, and are connected to each other by binding during the subsequent construction process.

[0021] Figure 5 shows two precast parapet wall units 100 arranged adjacent to each other with their sides facing each other. The arrangement of each precast parapet wall unit 100 relative to the first floor 300 is as described above and will not be repeated here. As shown in Figure 5, the connecting recess 106 of the precast parapet wall unit 100 on the left and the connecting recess 110 of the precast parapet wall unit 100 on the right are aligned with each other. In the embodiments disclosed herein that have two or more precast parapet wall units 100, adjacent precast parapet wall units 100 are aligned in a similar manner. Figure 14 shows a perspective view showing two precast parapet wall units aligned and fixed with each other. As shown in Figure 14, the precast parapet wall unit 100 has a connecting recess 106 and a connecting recess 110 with an exposed steel plate (not shown) embedded therein, and another steel plate 128 is welded to the exposed steel plate across the connecting recess 106 and the connecting recess 110 so that the plurality of precast parapet wall units 100 are aligned with each other.

[0022] Please refer to Figures 19 and 20, which are enlarged views of the area selected by the dashed line in Figure 1A. Figures 19 and 20 show the alignment of a plurality of precast parapet wall units 100 in terms of height by means of a support mechanism 200 located in the precast parapet wall unit 100. As shown in Figures 19 and 20, the support mechanism 200 includes: a groove 209 formed in the base structure 103 of the precast parapet wall unit 100; a sleeve 202 disposed in the groove 209 along the vertical direction of the precast parapet wall unit 100, and the sleeve 202 having a threaded through hole (not shown) therein; and a threaded post 206 disposed in the groove 209 along the concave direction of the groove 209. When the precast parapet wall unit 100 is placed on the wall structure 400, the adjusting bolt 204 is screwed into the threaded through hole of the sleeve 202 in the groove 209 of the base structure 103 according to different degrees of screwing in, so that one end of the adjusting bolt 204 abuts against the top of the wall structure 400, thereby raising the height of the precast parapet wall unit 100 relative to the wall structure 400, thereby adjusting the height of the precast parapet wall units 100 to a uniform height so that the heights of the precast parapet wall units 100 can be aligned with each other. As shown in Figures 19 and 20, the steel member 210 is pre-fixed to the upper end of the wall structure 400 (for example, by welding to the upper end steel plate 214), and the threaded post 206 extending from the groove 209 passes through the steel member 210, and the steel member 210 is fixed to the threaded post 206 by the nut 212. As shown in Figure 19, at least one shim 208 can be placed between the steel member 210 and the groove 209. The thickness of each shim 208 can be the same or different. The shims 208 are passed through and fixed between the steel member 210 and the groove 209 by threaded posts 206. The distance between the wall surface of the precast parapet wall unit 100 and the first floor 300 can be adjusted by the number and thickness of the shims 208, and it helps to align the wall surfaces 105 of the plurality of precast parapet wall units 100 as shown in Figure 1B.

[0023] As shown in Figure 6, a plurality of aligned precast parapet wall units 100 are fixedly positioned on the upper end of the wall structure 400 with the assistance of at least one fastener 501 and a rod 502. One end of the rod 502 is fixed to the fastener 501, and the other end is fixed to the surface of the first floor 300 to support the precast parapet wall units 100. As shown in Figures 17 and 18, the fastener 501 has a U-shaped structure, allowing the wall of the precast parapet wall unit 100 to be accommodated within the U-shaped structure. A threaded rod 509 is fitted through and threaded into one of the two arms 508 of the U-shaped fastener 501. One end of the threaded rod located inside the U-shaped structure has a flange 512, thereby rotating the threaded rod 509 to fasten the wall of the precast parapet wall unit 100 between the flange 512 and the inner wall 514 of the U-shaped structure. The screw may have at least one retainer 504 at the other end of the flange 512 or at the end of the other arm 508 of the U-shaped structure, as shown in FIG18, and the rod 502 may be connected to the fastener 501 by means of the retainer 504.

[0024] As shown in Figure 7, after the plurality of precast parapet wall units 100 are fixed in the desired position and the first reinforcing bars 108 of the precast parapet wall units 100 and the second reinforcing bars 302 of the first floor 300 are aligned (staggered), the first reinforcing bars 108 and the second reinforcing bars 302 can be fixed together by wire, tie bars or other suitable means; in addition, the first reinforcing bars 108 and the second reinforcing bars 302 are connected together by reinforcing bars 306 that cross the plurality of first reinforcing bars 108 and the plurality of second reinforcing bars 302 vertically, so as to strengthen the structural strength of this part.

[0025] As shown in Figure 8, by constructing a template (not shown) below and on both sides of the first reinforcing bars 108 and the second reinforcing bars 302, and by pouring concrete to cover the first reinforcing bars 108 and the second reinforcing bars 302 to form a second floor 308, the precast parapet wall units 100 and the first floor 300 are connected. The second floor 308 can serve as at least part of a balcony. As shown in Figure 15, according to one embodiment of this disclosure, since the building structure 500 is located on the outermost side of the entire building, the risk of water leakage is high when it rains. The precast parapet wall unit 100 has a leak-proof strip 136 on the lowest side of the first recess 1021, that is, at the small platform adjacent to the first recess 1021 of the base structure 103. During the concrete pouring process, one end of the template is placed on the leak-proof strip 136 to avoid water leakage and prevent concrete slurry leakage during pouring.

[0026] Please refer to Figures 9 to 12, which are enlarged views of the area selected by the dashed line in Figure 8. Since gaps will inevitably exist between the aligned precast parapet wall units 100, these gaps can be filled by the adhesive strips 118 shown in Figures 9 to 12. As shown in Figures 10 and 16A, after the adhesive strips 118 are placed, the reinforcing structures 112 and 114 in the connecting recesses 110 and 106 are overlapped by the reinforcing mesh N. The reinforcing mesh N can be composed of a plurality of interlaced reinforcing bars 120 and 122. In some embodiments disclosed herein, the connection between a plurality of precast parapet wall units 100 can be accomplished with different structures. For example, as shown in FIG16B, the reinforcing bars 130 extend from the side of the precast parapet wall unit 100 into the connection recesses 106, 110 of the precast parapet wall unit 100, and the plurality of precast parapet wall units 100 are fixed to each other by connecting the reinforcing bars 130 in the two recesses with stirrups 132.

[0027] As shown in Figure 11, after the reinforcing bars in the connecting recesses 106 and 110 of adjacent precast parapet wall units 100 are fixed to each other, the formwork 124 is laid across the connecting recesses 110 and 106 of two adjacent precast parapet wall units 100, and concrete is poured into the connecting recesses 110 and 106 to form concrete structure C (as shown in Figure 12).

[0028] Figure 13 shows a building structure 500 comprising a plurality of precast parapet wall units 100 connected by a second floor 308 and a concrete structure C, and a first floor 300, wherein the plurality of precast parapet wall units 100 are topped with a roof beam 134.

[0029] As can be seen from the foregoing, by means of the precast parapet wall unit 100 disclosed herein, only concrete needs to be poured on the building site to form the second floor 308 and the concrete structure C. The remaining pouring process can be completed in the precast factory, thus completing the building structure 500. This can greatly reduce the construction time of the building site and reduce the overall construction difficulty. [Simplified Explanation of the Diagram]

[0030] The features disclosed herein will become clearer from the following embodiments, together with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, according to industry standard practice, the various features are not drawn to scale. In fact, for clarity, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily enlarged or reduced.

[0031] Figure 1A shows a perspective view of a precast parapet unit of an embodiment of the present disclosure from its second side.

[0032] Figure 1B shows a perspective view of a precast parapet unit of an embodiment of the present disclosure from its first side.

[0033] Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the floor slab used to connect with the precast parapet wall unit of the above-disclosed embodiment.

[0034] Figures 3 to 13 show various perspective diagrams illustrating the process of constructing a building structure using the precast parapet wall unit of the above-disclosed embodiments.

[0035] Figure 14 shows a three-dimensional schematic diagram of two precast parapet wall units aligned and fixed to each other.

[0036] Figure 15 shows a perspective view of the anti-leakage treatment performed on the precast parapet wall unit before it is joined to the floor in the above-disclosed embodiment.

[0037] Figure 16A shows a top perspective view of an embodiment in which two precast parapet wall units overlap each other.

[0038] Figure 16B shows a top perspective view of another embodiment in which two precast parapet wall units overlap each other.

[0039] Figure 17 shows a first-view perspective perspective of the fasteners used for temporarily fixing parapet wall units disclosed herein.

[0040] Figure 18 shows a second-view perspective of the disclosed parapet wall unit.

[0041] Figure 19 shows an exploded perspective view of the support mechanism disclosed herein used to connect the parapet wall unit to the top of the lower wall.

[0042] Figure 20 shows a perspective view of the support mechanism disclosed herein for connecting the parapet wall unit to the top of the lower wall.

Claims

1. A precast parapet wall unit, which is a rectangular wall, a first side of which is generally planar, and a second side of which includes: Two connecting recesses are formed at the left and right edges of the second side, each of the connecting recesses having a first surface and a second surface perpendicular to the first surface; a platform is located between the two connecting recesses, the second surfaces of the two connecting recesses being located on both sides of the platform, wherein the precast parapet wall unit has a first thickness at the platform, and the precast parapet wall unit has a second thickness less than the first thickness at the two connecting recesses; a stiffening structure is disposed on the first surface of the connecting recesses, and the height of the stiffening structure is lower than the height of the platform; a plurality of first reinforcing bars extend vertically from the bottom adjacent to the second side for a predetermined distance; and a base structure is formed at the bottom of the precast parapet wall unit, and the precast parapet wall unit has a third thickness greater than the first thickness at the base structure.

2. The precast parapet wall unit of claim 1, wherein the platform has a first recess located on the bottom side of the platform, such that the precast parapet wall unit has a fourth thickness at the first recess that is less than the first thickness and greater than the second thickness, wherein the first reinforcing bars are located at the first recess.

3. As in claim 1, the precast parapet wall unit, the base structure includes at least one support mechanism therein. Each of the at least one support mechanism includes: a groove formed in the base structure; a sleeve disposed in the groove along the direction in which the precast parapet unit is erected, and the sleeve having a threaded through hole therein; and a threaded post disposed in the groove along the recessed direction of the groove.

4. The precast parapet unit as claimed in claim 2, wherein the upper edge of the base structure has a leak-proof strip at the junction with the first recess, and the stiffening structure is a metal truss.

5. The precast parapet wall unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first surface of the connecting recess has an exposed steel plate.

6. A building structure comprising: A plurality of precast parapet wall units as described in claim 3, the precast parapet wall units being arranged side-by-side and aligned on the upper end of a wall structure; a first floor slab including a plurality of second reinforcing bars extending from one side of the first floor slab, wherein the first reinforcing bars of the precast parapet wall units are connected to the second reinforcing bars of the first floor slab; and a second floor slab connecting the precast parapet wall units and the first floor slab, the second floor slab being formed by pouring concrete covering the first reinforcing bars and the second reinforcing bars.

7. The building structure as described in claim 6, further comprising: An adjusting bolt is screwed into the threaded through hole of the sleeve in the groove of the base structure, wherein one end of the adjusting bolt abuts against the wall structure to adjust the height of the precast parapet wall units; a steel member is fixed to the upper end of the wall structure; a nut is fitted onto the threaded post in the groove of the base structure and fixes the steel member; at least one washer is disposed between the steel member and the bottom of one of the grooves of the base structure for adjusting the distance between the precast parapet wall units and the first floor.

8. The building structure as described in claim 7, further comprising: A plurality of steel meshes, each comprising a plurality of transverse steel bars and a plurality of vertical steel bars perpendicular to the plurality of transverse steel bars, the steel meshes connecting the two stiffening structures in the connection recesses of two adjacent precast parapet wall units.

9. The building structure as described in claim 8, further comprising: A plurality of adhesive strips, each disposed between two adjacent precast parapet wall units; And a plurality of concrete structures, each of which covers the two stiffening structures and the steel mesh in the connecting recesses of the two adjacent precast parapet wall units.

10. The building structure of claim 9, wherein the stiffening structure is a metal truss or a specific portion extending from the steel reinforcement within each of the precast parapet wall units.

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