Heating assembly and vehicle camera system

Abstract

A heating assembly includes a heating plate, a main thermally conductive layer, a first insulating layer covering the main thermally conductive layer, a secondary thermally conductive layer covering the first insulating layer, and a driving power supply. The heating plate includes a glass layer, a transparent conductive layer disposed on the glass layer, and a decorative layer located between the glass layer and the transparent conductive layer. The decorative layer defines a light-transmitting window area and an opaque area. The main thermally conductive layer includes two electrical connectors disposed on opposite sides of the transparent conductive layer. The transparent conductive layer has a first line impedance between the electrical connectors. The secondary thermally conductive layer includes an opaque metal or metal composition, forms patterned continuous wiring corresponding to the decorative layer, and at least partially overlaps the main thermally conductive layer. The secondary thermally conductive layer has a second line impedance matching the first line impedance. The driving power supply applies a driving voltage to the main thermally conductive layer and the secondary thermally conductive layer in parallel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a heating assembly and an in-vehicle camera system. Prior Technology

[0002] LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) systems are a technology that uses light to measure the distance or shape of objects. LiDAR systems have applications in many fields, including autonomous driving, drones, terrain surveying, and environmental monitoring.

[0003] However, in practical applications, LiDAR systems are subject to interference from various environmental factors, with water vapor and ice having a particularly significant impact. For example, tiny particles in water vapor or ice scatter laser light, causing some light energy loss or even preventing it from returning to the receiver, thus reducing measurement accuracy. Water molecules also absorb laser light, especially light of certain wavelengths, further weakening the returned laser signal. Light also refracts when passing through water vapor or ice, altering its propagation path and leading to measurement errors. Furthermore, laser light may reflect multiple times in water vapor or ice, generating multiple echoes, making it difficult for the LiDAR system to accurately determine the distance to the target object.

[0004] Therefore, how to propose a heating assembly and vehicle camera system that can solve the above problems is one of the issues that the industry is currently eager to invest research and development resources to address. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, one of the purposes of this disclosure is to propose a heating assembly and vehicle camera system that can solve the above problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, according to one embodiment of this disclosure, a heating assembly includes a heating plate, a main thermally conductive layer, a first insulating layer, a secondary thermally conductive layer, and a driving power supply. The heating plate includes a glass layer, a transparent conductor layer, and a decorative layer. The transparent conductor layer is disposed on the glass layer. The decorative layer is located between the glass layer and the transparent conductor layer, defining a light-transmitting window area and an opaque area. The main thermally conductive layer includes two electrical connectors. The electrical connectors are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the transparent conductor layer. The transparent conductor layer has a first line impedance between the electrical connectors. The first insulating layer covers the main thermally conductive layer. The secondary thermally conductive layer includes an opaque metal or metal composition and covers the first insulating layer. The secondary thermally conductive layer forms patterned continuous wiring corresponding to the decorative layer and at least partially overlaps the main thermally conductive layer in the stacking direction relative to the main thermally conductive layer. The secondary thermally conductive layer has a second line impedance matching the first line impedance. The driving power supply applies a driving voltage to the main thermally conductive layer and the secondary thermally conductive layer in parallel.

[0007] In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, the main thermally conductive layer is configured to activate a first heating mode when energized to uniformly heat the light-transmitting window area. The secondary thermally conductive layer is configured to activate a second heating mode when energized to heat the opaque area, and is used simultaneously with the first heating mode.

[0008] In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, each of the two electrical connectors has a resistance of less than about 1 ohm.

[0009] In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, the first line impedance is about 25 ohms to about 35 ohms.

[0010] In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, the second line impedance differs from the first line impedance by about 3% to 5%.

[0011] In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, the light-transmitting window area has two opposing edges. The two electrical connectors at least partially overlap the two edges in the stacking direction.

[0012] In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, the heating assembly further includes a first anti-reflective layer and a second anti-reflective layer. The first anti-reflective layer is disposed on the side of the glass layer away from the transparent conductor layer. The second anti-reflective layer is disposed on the side of the transparent conductor layer away from the glass layer.

[0013] In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, the heating assembly further includes a hydrophobic coating. The hydrophobic coating is disposed on the side of the first antireflective layer away from the glass layer.

[0014] In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, the heating assembly further includes a second insulating layer. The second insulating layer covers the secondary thermally conductive layer.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, according to one embodiment of this disclosure, an in-vehicle camera system includes the aforementioned heating assembly and a lens. The lens is located on the side of the heating plate where the main thermal conductive layer is disposed, and is aligned with the light-transmitting window area in the stacking direction.

[0016] In summary, the heating assembly disclosed herein employs a dual-layer design with a primary thermally conductive layer and a secondary thermally conductive layer. Furthermore, it utilizes a design that matches the first line impedance of the transparent conductor layer between the electrical connectors with the second line impedance of the secondary thermally conductive layer. This not only increases the heatable area of ​​the heating assembly but also allows for different dual-mode heating modes to be achieved simultaneously using the primary and secondary thermally conductive layers, depending on environmental requirements. Additionally, a first anti-reflective layer and a second anti-reflective layer are respectively provided on opposite sides of the heating plate to improve the light transmittance of the heating plate, thereby enabling the disclosed automotive camera system to meet the dynamic specifications of autonomous driving lenses.

[0017] The above description is only used to illustrate the problem to be solved by this disclosure, the technical means to solve the problem, and the effects produced, etc. The specific details of this disclosure will be described in detail in the following implementation methods and related figures. Simple Explanation of the Diagram

[0018] To make the above and other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of this disclosure more apparent and understandable, the accompanying drawings are described below: Figure 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an in-vehicle camera system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2A is a front view illustrating a heating assembly according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2B is a rear view of the heating assembly shown in Figure 2A. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a secondary thermally conductive layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 4 is a functional block diagram illustrating the main thermal conductive layer, the secondary thermal conductive layer, and the driving power supply. Figure 5 shows the wavelength-reflectivity curve of the outer side of the heating assembly in Figure 1, away from the lens, when irradiated at an incident angle of 0 degrees. Figure 6 is a wavelength-reflectivity curve showing the outer surface of the heating assembly in Figure 1 when irradiated at an incident angle of 30 degrees. Figure 7 is a wavelength-reflectivity curve showing the outer surface of the heating assembly in Figure 1 when irradiated at an incident angle of 42 degrees. Figure 8 is a wavelength-reflectivity curve showing the heating assembly in Figure 1 irradiated at a 0-degree angle of incidence near the inner side of the lens. Figure 9 shows the wavelength-reflectivity curve of the inner surface of the heating assembly in Figure 1 when irradiated at an incident angle of 30 degrees. Figure 10 is a wavelength-reflectivity curve showing the inner surface of the heating assembly in Figure 1 when irradiated at an incident angle of 42 degrees. Implementation

[0019] The following drawings disclose several embodiments of this disclosure. For clarity, many practical details will be described in the following description. However, it should be understood that these practical details should not be used to limit this disclosure. That is, in some embodiments of this disclosure, these practical details are not essential. In addition, for the sake of simplicity, some conventional structures and components will be shown in the drawings in a simple schematic manner.

[0020] Please refer to Figures 1, 2A, and 2B. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an in-vehicle camera system 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2A is a front view illustrating a heating assembly 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2B is a rear view illustrating the heating assembly 100 in Figure 2A. As shown in Figures 1 to 2B, in this embodiment, the in-vehicle camera system 10 includes a heating assembly 100 and a lens 200. The heating assembly 100 includes a heating plate 110. The heating plate 110 includes a glass layer 111, a transparent conductor layer 112, and a decorative layer 113. The transparent conductor layer 112 is disposed on the glass layer 111. The decorative layer 113 is located between the glass layer 111 and the transparent conductor layer 112, and defines a light-transmitting window area 113a and an opaque area 113b. In other words, the opaque area 113b is disposed around the light-transmitting window area 113a. The lens 200 is located on one side of the heating plate 110 where the main thermal conductive layer 120 is disposed, and is aligned with the light-transmitting window area 113a in the stacking direction D of the glass layer 111 and the transparent conductor layer 112. The aperture 210 of the lens 200 (indicated by dashed lines in Figures 2A and 2B) is located within the range of the outer edge of the light-transmitting window area 113a.

[0021] In some embodiments, the transparent conductor layer 112 is made of indium tin oxide (ITO) or a metal mesh conductive material that does not affect visibility, but this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0022] In some embodiments, the decorative layer 113 is a black-masking coating and is formed on the transparent conductor layer 112 with black ink using, for example, a printing process, but this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0023] As shown in Figures 1 to 2B, in this embodiment, the heating assembly 100 further includes a main thermally conductive layer 120, a first insulating layer 130, a secondary thermally conductive layer 140, and a second insulating layer 150. The main thermally conductive layer 120 includes two electrical connectors 121 and 122. The electrical connectors 121 and 122 (also referred to as busbars) are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the transparent conductor layer 112. The first insulating layer 130 covers the main thermally conductive layer 120. The secondary thermally conductive layer 140 covers the first insulating layer 130. The first insulating layer 130 is configured to electrically insulate the main thermally conductive layer 120 from the secondary thermally conductive layer 140. The second insulating layer 150 covers the secondary thermally conductive layer 140. The second insulating layer 150 is configured to electrically insulate the secondary thermally conductive layer 140 from other electronic components inside the vehicle-mounted camera system 10.

[0024] Please refer to Figure 3, which is a schematic diagram illustrating a secondary thermally conductive layer 140 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figures 2B and 3, in this embodiment, the secondary thermally conductive layer 140 forms patterned continuous wiring corresponding to the decorative layer 113 and at least partially overlaps with the main thermally conductive layer 120 in the stacking direction D relative to the main thermally conductive layer 120. Specifically, the secondary thermally conductive layer 140 partially overlaps with the electrical connectors 121 and 122 in the stacking direction D. As shown in Figure 3, the patterned continuous wiring of the secondary thermally conductive layer 140 is routed around the upper edge of the light-transmitting window area 113a, and sequentially passes through the right and lower edges of the light-transmitting window area 113a to the left edge of the light-transmitting window area 113a. Thus, the secondary thermally conductive layer 140, which is routed around the outer edges of the two electrical connectors 121 and 122 of the main thermally conductive layer 120, can increase the heatable area of ​​the heating assembly 100.

[0025] Please refer to Figure 4, which is a functional block diagram illustrating the main thermally conductive layer 120, the secondary thermally conductive layer 140, and the driving power supply 160. As shown in Figure 4, in this embodiment, the heating assembly 100 further includes the driving power supply 160. The driving power supply 160 applies a driving voltage to the main thermally conductive layer 120 and the secondary thermally conductive layer 140 in parallel. Specifically, the driving power supply 160 feeds current to the electrical connector 121 of the main thermally conductive layer 120 and one end of the secondary thermally conductive layer 140 (e.g., at the upper edge of the light-transmitting window area 113a in Figure 2B) via the overlap area 161 in Figure 2B. The current flowing into electrical connector 121 passes through the transparent conductor layer 112 between electrical connectors 121 and 122 in a waterfall-like manner (i.e., multiple currents originate from, for example, the entire electrical connector 121, and flow like a waterfall with multiple generally parallel lines to various locations along the entire electrical connector 122; the equivalent line resistance can also be calculated from the average path resistance of each current). The current flowing into the aforementioned end of the secondary thermal conductive layer 140 flows along patterned continuous wiring to the other end of the secondary thermal conductive layer 140 (e.g., at the left edge of the light-transmitting window area 113a in Figure 2B). Specifically, the transparent conductor layer 112 has a first line impedance between electrical connectors 121 and 122. The secondary thermal conductive layer 140 has a second line impedance that matches the first line impedance. This ensures that the currents flowing into the main thermal conductive layer 120 and the secondary thermal conductive layer 140 are approximately the same. In other words, if the first line impedance and the second line impedance differ significantly, under the voltage driven by the same power supply 160, the current tends to flow mostly through the path with the lower line impedance, causing the other path with the higher line impedance to have insufficient current and resulting in poor heating function in the area it passes through. Therefore, the matching of the first line impedance and the second line impedance is extremely important in the design disclosed in this paper.

[0026] In some embodiments, in order to make the currents (i.e., line currents) flowing into the main thermal conductive layer 120 and the secondary thermal conductive layer 140 approximately the same, the second line impedance of the secondary thermal conductive layer 140 is about 3% to 5% different from the first line impedance of the transparent conductor layer 112 between the electrical connectors 121 and 122. Within this range, the first line impedance and the second line impedance can be considered to be matched.

[0027] In detail, the main thermally conductive layer 120 is configured to activate a first heating mode when powered on, causing the light-transmitting window area 113a to heat up uniformly. The secondary thermally conductive layer 140 is configured to activate a second heating mode when powered on, causing the opaque area 113b to heat up. As mentioned above, since the driving power supply 160 applies a driving voltage to the main thermally conductive layer 120 and the secondary thermally conductive layer 140 in parallel, the first heating mode and the second heating mode will be used simultaneously. For example, the first heating mode can be used as a defogging mode, while the second heating mode can be used as a de-icing mode.

[0028] In some embodiments, the secondary thermally conductive layer 140 comprises an opaque metal or metal composition. For example, the secondary thermally conductive layer 140 is an ag wire patterned layer, but this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0029] In some embodiments, the main thermally conductive layer 120 may also be a silver wire pattern layer, but this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0030] In some embodiments, each of the two electrical connectors 121, 122 (i.e., conductive busbars) has a resistance of less than about 1 ohm, which can be ensured by using, for example, a low-resistivity silver paste. In some embodiments, the first line impedance of the transparent conductive layer 112 between the electrical connectors 121, 122 is about 25 ohms to about 35 ohms, for example, an ITO transparent conductive layer. Therefore, when energized, the portion of the transparent conductive layer 112 between the electrical connectors 121, 122 (and the light-transmitting window area 113a) heats up due to the flowing current. Furthermore, the two electrical connectors 121, 122, as conductive busbars with low resistance (i.e., less than 1 ohm), are intended to quickly allow current to reach and be evenly distributed across the two electrical connectors 121, 122. As for the transparent conductor layer 112, since it corresponds to the light-transmitting window area 113a, it needs to have high transparency, and ITO is preferred. However, the resistance of ITO is usually slightly higher, which can form a thermal resistance effect rather than a simple conductor effect in operation.

[0031] As shown in Figure 2B, in these embodiments, the light-transmitting window region 113a has two opposing edges 113a1 and 113a2. The two electrical connectors 121 and 122 at least partially overlap with the two edges 113a1 and 113a2 in the stacking direction D. Therefore, when energized, the main thermally conductive layer 120 can be used to heat the light-transmitting window region 113a.

[0032] As shown in Figure 1, in these embodiments, the heating assembly 100 further includes a first anti-reflective layer 170 and a second anti-reflective layer 180. The first anti-reflective layer 170 is disposed on the side of the glass layer 111 away from the transparent conductor layer 112. The second anti-reflective layer 180 is disposed on the side of the transparent conductor layer 112 away from the glass layer 111. Note that this disclosed design is for dynamic image capture of autonomous vehicles, and it is necessary to meet the requirements of better light transmittance to ensure driving safety; therefore, the use of double-sided anti-reflective layers is specifically adopted. This improves the light transmittance of the heating plate 110, thereby enabling the vehicle-mounted camera system 10 of this embodiment to meet the dynamic specifications of the autonomous driving lens 200.

[0033] In some embodiments, the first antireflective layer 170 is a multilayer film structure. For example, the parameters of each layer of the first antireflective layer 170 can be found in Table 1 below. Table 1 Floor number Material Thickness (nm) 15 SiO 2 88.14 14 Nb₂O₅ 113.25 13 SiO 2 42.10 12 Nb₂O₅ 23.75 11 SiO 2 40.26 10 Nb₂O₅ 130.41 9 SiO 2 32.05 8 Nb₂O₅ 32.76 7 SiO 2 36.76 6 Nb₂O₅ 41.28 5 SiO 2 32.72 4 Nb₂O₅ 27.14 3 SiO 2 52.27 2 Nb₂O₅ 7.84 1 SiO 2 20

[0034] It should be noted that the first anti-reflective layer 170 is in contact with the glass layer 111 using a film with layer number 15.

[0035] In some embodiments, the second antireflective layer 180 is a multilayer film structure. For example, the parameters of each layer of the second antireflective layer 180 can be found in Table 2 below. Table 2 Floor number Material Thickness (nm) 15 SiO 2 88.38 14 Nb₂O₅ 112.76 13 SiO 2 41.84 12 Nb₂O₅ 16.96 11 SiO 2 13.37 10 Nb₂O₅ 5.99 9 SiO 2 34.11 8 Nb₂O₅ 14.79 7 SiO 2 4.05 6 Nb₂O₅ 46.62 5 SiO 2 4.65 4 Nb₂O₅ 54.02 3 SiO 2 43.31 2 Nb₂O₅ 16.49 1 SiO 2 78.19

[0036] It should be noted that the second anti-reflective layer 180 contacts the main thermal conductive layer 120 with a layer film of layer number 15, and is connected to the transparent conductor layer 112 with a layer film of layer number 1.

[0037] In addition, to further increase the amount of light transmitted from the transparent conductor layer 112 to the second antireflective layer 180, an optical matching layer can be added between the two. For example, the parameters of each layer of the optical matching layer are shown in Table 3 below. Table 3 Floor number Material Thickness (nm) 4 ITO twenty two 3 SiO 2 66.12 2 Nb₂O₅ 5.31 1 SiO 2 15

[0038] It should be noted that the optical matching layer contacts the second antireflective layer 180 with layer 4 and contacts the transparent conductor layer 112 with layer 1.

[0039] Please refer to Figures 5 through 10. Figure 5 shows the wavelength-reflectivity curve of the outer surface of the heating assembly 100 in Figure 1, away from the lens 200, when illuminated at a 0-degree angle of incidence (AOI). Figure 6 shows the wavelength-reflectivity curve of the outer surface of the heating assembly 100 in Figure 1, when illuminated at a 30-degree angle of incidence. Figure 7 shows the wavelength-reflectivity curve of the outer surface of the heating assembly 100 in Figure 1, when illuminated at a 42-degree angle of incidence. Figure 8 shows the wavelength-reflectivity curve of the inner surface of the heating assembly 100 in Figure 1, close to the lens 200, when illuminated at a 0-degree angle of incidence. Figure 9 shows the wavelength-reflectivity curve of the inner surface of the heating assembly 100 in Figure 1, when illuminated at a 30-degree angle of incidence. Figure 10 shows the wavelength-reflectivity curve of the inner surface of the heating assembly 100 in Figure 1, when illuminated at a 42-degree angle of incidence. It should be noted that Figures 5 to 10 are the results measured using the parameters in Tables 1, 2 and 3 above for the first anti-reflection layer 170, the second anti-reflection layer 180 and the optical matching layer, respectively.

[0040] Referring to Figures 5 and 6, it can be seen that for the outer surface of the heating assembly 100, when incident light with wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm is irradiated at an incident angle of 0 to 30 degrees, a reflectivity of approximately 0.5% or less can be obtained. Referring to Figures 6 and 7, it can be seen that for the outer surface of the heating assembly 100, when incident light with wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm is irradiated at an incident angle of 30 to 42 degrees, a reflectivity of approximately 1% or less can be obtained. Referring to Figures 8 and 9, it can be seen that for the inner surface of the heating assembly 100, when incident light with wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm is irradiated at an incident angle of 0 to 30 degrees, a reflectivity of approximately 0.5% or less can be obtained. Referring to Figures 9 and 10, it can be seen that for the inner surface of the heating assembly 100, when incident light with wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm is irradiated at an incident angle of 30 degrees to 42 degrees, a reflectivity of approximately less than 1% can be obtained. It should be noted that the 400 nm to 700 nm range falls within the wavelength range of interest for cameras. A reflectivity of less than 0.5% or 1% implies a transmittance of 99.5% or more, thereby ensuring the quality of motion capture images for autonomous vehicles.

[0041] In some embodiments, the heating assembly 100 further includes a hydrophobic coating 190. The hydrophobic coating 190 is disposed on the side of the first antireflective layer 170 away from the glass layer 111. This effectively increases the difficulty of water vapor condensing on the outer surface of the heating assembly 100.

[0042] From the detailed description of the specific embodiments disclosed above, it is clear that in the heating assembly of this disclosure, by employing a double-layer design of a main thermally conductive layer and a secondary thermally conductive layer, and by matching the first line impedance of the transparent conductor layer between the electrical connectors with the second line impedance of the secondary thermally conductive layer, not only can the heatable area of ​​the heating assembly be increased, but different dual-mode heating modes can also be achieved simultaneously with the main thermally conductive layer and the secondary thermally conductive layer according to environmental requirements. Furthermore, a first anti-reflective layer and a second anti-reflective layer are respectively provided on opposite sides of the heating plate of the heating assembly to improve the light transmittance of the heating plate, thereby enabling the vehicle-mounted camera system of this disclosure to meet the dynamic specifications of autonomous driving lenses.

[0043] Although the present disclosure has been described above with reference to embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present disclosure. Anyone skilled in the art may make various modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present disclosure shall be determined by the appended claims.

[0044] 10: Vehicle-mounted camera system 100: Heating Assembly 110: Electric heating plate 111: Glass layer 112: Transparent Conductor Layer 113: Decorative layer 113a: Light-transmitting window area 113a1, 113a2: Edges 113b: Opaque area 120: Main thermal conductive layer 121, 122: Electrical connectors 130: First insulating layer 140: Secondary thermal conductivity layer 150: Second insulation layer 160: Drive power supply 161: Overlapping Area 170: First anti-reflective layer 180: Second anti-reflective layer 190: Hydrophobic coating 200: Lens 210: Aperture D: Stacking direction

Claims

1. A heating assembly comprising: a heating plate including: a glass layer; a transparent conductor layer disposed on the glass layer; and a decorative layer located between the glass layer and the transparent conductor layer, defining a light-transmitting window area and an opaque area; a main thermally conductive layer including two electrical connectors having less than 1 ohm, the two electrical connectors being strip-shaped and respectively disposed on opposite sides of the transparent conductor layer, wherein the transparent conductor layer has a first line impedance between the two electrical connectors; a first insulating layer covering the main thermally conductive layer; a secondary thermally conductive layer comprising an opaque metal or metal composition and covering the first insulating layer, wherein the secondary thermally conductive layer forms a patterned continuous wiring with a meandering arrangement corresponding to the decorative layer and at least partially overlaps the main thermally conductive layer in a stacking direction relative to the main thermally conductive layer, the meandering secondary thermally conductive layer having a second line impedance matching the first line impedance; and a driving power supply applying a driving voltage to the main thermally conductive layer and the secondary thermally conductive layer in parallel.

2. The heating assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main thermal conductive layer is configured to activate a first heating mode when powered on to uniformly heat the light-transmitting window area, and the secondary thermal conductive layer is configured to activate a second heating mode when powered on to heat the opaque area, and to be used simultaneously with the first heating mode.

3. The heating assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the two electrical connectors has a resistance of less than about 1 ohm.

4. The heating assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first line impedance is about 25 ohms to about 35 ohms.

5. The heating assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second line impedance differs from the first line impedance by approximately 3% to 5%.

6. The heating assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light-transmitting window area has two opposing edges, and the two electrical connectors at least partially overlap the two edges in the stacking direction.

7. The heating assembly as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: a first anti-reflective layer disposed on the side of the glass layer away from the transparent conductor layer; and a second anti-reflective layer disposed on the side of the transparent conductor layer away from the glass layer.

8. The heating assembly as claimed in claim 7 further includes a hydrophobic coating disposed on the side of the first antireflective layer away from the glass layer.

9. The heating assembly as claimed in claim 1 further includes a second insulating layer that covers the secondary thermally conductive layer.

10. A vehicle-mounted camera system comprising: a heating assembly as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; and a lens located on one side of the heating plate where the main thermally conductive layer is disposed and aligned with the light-transmitting window area in the stacking direction.

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