Techniques to perform energy scans in new radio

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. Some aspects of this content describe a fast scanning method for rejecting Global Synchronization Channel Numbers (GSCNs) that do not include Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSBs). This fast scanning method uses downsampling techniques to reduce the complexity associated with scanning numerous GSCNs for SSBs. For example, a User Equipment (UE) can downsample a signal to obtain a coarse subset of the signal (e.g., by sampling a portion of a symbol using a coarse bin size). The UE can perform a Fast Fourier Transform along with one or more data processing techniques to obtain a spectrogram corresponding to the signal. Although the spectrogram can represent the signal in the frequency domain at reduced resolution and can include energy information corresponding to different frequencies, the UE can use the spectrogram to check frequencies corresponding to GSCNs to detect the presence of an SSB.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 17 / 508,864, filed October 22, 2021, entitled “TECHNIQUES TO PERFORM ENERGY SCANS IN NEW RADIO”, which has been assigned to the assignee of this application and whose entire contents are expressly incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The following content pertains to wireless communications, including techniques used to perform energy scanning in new radios (NR). Prior Technology

[0003] Widespread deployment of wireless communication systems provides various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, and broadcasting. These systems can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiplexing access systems include fourth-generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-A Advanced (LTE-A), or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth-generation (5G) systems, which may be referred to as NR systems. These systems can employ technologies such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or Discrete Fourier Transform Extended Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM).

[0004] A wireless multiplexing access communication system may include one or more base stations or one or more network access nodes, each base station or network access node simultaneously supporting communication with multiple communication devices (which may also be referred to as user equipment (UE)). Components within the wireless communication system may be coupled to each other (e.g., operative ground, communication ground, functional ground, electronic ground, and / or electrical ground). The UE may perform a power scan to detect resources and establish communication with one or more wireless devices. Techniques for power scanning can be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The described technology relates to improved methods, systems, apparatus, and devices for performing energy scanning in New Radio (NR). Generally, the described technology provides a fast scanning method that rejects Global Synchronization Channel Numbers (GSCNs) that do not include Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSBs). This fast scanning method uses one or more downsampling techniques to reduce the complexity associated with scanning many GSCNs for an SSB. For example, a User Equipment (UE) can downsample a signal to obtain a coarse subset of the signal (e.g., by sampling a portion of a symbol using a coarse bin size). The UE can receive a downlink signal that includes an SSB spanning a set of symbol periods in the time domain and a set of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The UE can analyze a portion of the symbol period of each of the set of symbol periods in the time domain across a subset of the subcarrier set in the frequency domain. For example, the UE can perform a Fast Fourier Transform along with one or more data processing techniques to obtain a spectrogram corresponding to the signal. The spectrogram can represent the signal in the frequency domain at reduced resolution (e.g., due to downsampling) and can include energy information corresponding to different frequencies. The UE can use a spectrum graph to check frequencies corresponding to the GSCN to detect the presence of an SSB (e.g., by measuring energy associated with the frequency). The UE can identify the energy pattern corresponding to the SSB and can establish a connection with the base station based on the identified energy pattern.

[0006] A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) is described. The method may include: receiving a downlink signal comprising a synchronization symbol block at a frequency corresponding to a global synchronization channel number, the synchronization symbol block spanning a set of symbol periods in the time domain and a set of subcarriers in the frequency domain; analyzing a portion of the symbol periods of each of the symbol periods in the set of symbol periods in the time domain across a subset of the subcarriers in the frequency domain; identifying an energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization symbol block based on the analysis; and establishing a connection with a base station based on the identified energy pattern.

[0007] An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include at least one processor, a memory coupled (e.g., operational ground, communication ground, functional ground, electronic ground, or electrical ground, etc.) to the at least one processor, and the memory storing instructions. These instructions can be executed by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: receive a downlink signal comprising a synchronization symbol block at a frequency corresponding to a global synchronization channel number, the synchronization symbol block spanning a set of symbol periods in the time domain and a set of subcarriers in the frequency domain; analyze a portion of the symbol period of each of the symbol periods in the set of symbol periods in the time domain across a subset of the subcarriers in the frequency domain; identify an energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization symbol block based on the analysis; and establish a connection with a base station based on the identified energy pattern.

[0008] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include: a unit for receiving a downlink signal comprising a synchronization symbol block at a frequency corresponding to a global synchronization channel number, the synchronization symbol block spanning a set of symbol periods in the time domain and a set of subcarriers in the frequency domain; a unit for analyzing a portion of the symbol period of each of the symbol periods in the set of symbol periods in the time domain across a subset of the subcarriers in the frequency domain; a unit for identifying an energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization symbol block based on the analysis; and a unit for establishing a connection with a base station based on the identified energy pattern.

[0009] A non-transitory computer-readable medium is described, storing code for wireless communication at a UE. The code may include instructions executable by at least one processor to: receive a downlink signal comprising a synchronization symbol block at a frequency corresponding to a global synchronization channel number, the synchronization symbol block spanning a set of symbol periods in the time domain and a set of subcarriers in the frequency domain; analyze a portion of the symbol period of each of the symbol periods in the time domain, spanning a subset of the subcarrier set in the frequency domain; identify an energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization symbol block based on the analysis; and establish a connection with a base station based on the identified energy pattern.

[0010] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, units, or instructions for: receiving a downlink signal at a first frequency comprising a first set of multiple signal samples; and buffering a second set of multiple signal samples, wherein the first set of multiple signal samples may be greater than the second set of multiple signal samples.

[0011] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, units, or instructions for: performing a fast Fourier transform on the second set of multiple signal samples to identify a set of frequency bins; and calculating the energy of each frequency bin in the set of frequency bins, wherein identifying the energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization symbol block may be based on calculating the energy of each frequency bin.

[0012] The methods, apparatuses, and some examples of nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, units, or instructions for performing averaging across the time domain to calculate the energy in each frequency bin of the set of frequency bins over the symbol periods in the set of symbol periods.

[0013] In some instances of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, each frequency block of the frequency block set includes that subset of the subcarrier set. In some instances of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, each frequency block of the frequency block set may be temporally disjoint.

[0014] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, units, or instructions for: performing a fast Fourier transform on the second set of multiple signal samples to identify a set of frequency bins; identifying one or more frequency bins corresponding to the center frequency and bandwidth of the global synchronization channel number; and determining that the energy of the first frequency bin may be less than the energy of the second frequency bin, wherein identifying the energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization symbol block may be based on determining the energy of the first frequency bin and the energy of the second frequency bin.

[0015] In some instances of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the second frequency block corresponds to a symbol period in the set of symbol periods. In some instances of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the energy mode corresponding to the synchronization symbol block spans consecutive symbol periods. In some instances of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the symbol period comprises orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (QFD) symbols, and this portion of each symbol period comprises one-eighth of the QFD symbols. Simple Explanation of the Diagram

[0016] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system that supports technology for performing energy scanning in new radio (NR) according to the content of this case.

[0017] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system that supports technology for performing energy scanning in NR, according to the present case.

[0018] Figure 3 illustrates an example of a Global Synchronous Channel Number (GSCN) mode that supports the technology used to perform energy scanning in NR, according to the content of this case.

[0019] Figure 4 illustrates an example of an energy pattern that supports a technology for performing energy scanning in NR, according to the content of this case.

[0020] Figure 5 illustrates an example of a processing flow that supports the technology used to perform energy scanning in NR, based on the content of this case.

[0021] Figures 6 and 7 illustrate block diagrams of a device supporting a technology for performing energy scanning in NR, according to the contents of this case.

[0022] Figure 8 is a block diagram illustrating a communication manager that supports technology for performing energy scanning in NR, according to the content of this case.

[0023] Figure 9 illustrates a system according to the content of this case, including equipment supporting technology for performing energy scanning in NR.

[0024] Figures 10 and 11 illustrate flowcharts of a method for supporting energy scanning in NR, according to the present invention. Implementation

[0025] In wireless communication systems supporting New Radio (NR) technology, User Equipment (UE) can perform power scans to detect resources and establish communication with one or more wireless devices. For example, during initial acquisition, the UE can scan for certain frequency and time resources against NR broadcast signals carrying synchronization information. The frequency and time resources broadcast by NR can be represented by Global Synchronization Channel Numbers (GSCNs), where each GSCN has a one-to-one correspondence with a frequency carrying synchronization information. However, a GSCN may not carry a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB). Therefore, when performing a power scan to acquire resources for communication operations, the UE may repeatedly calculate the location of SSBs via many GSCNs, which can consume significant network and computational resources and increase latency at the UE.

[0026] This document describes a fast scanning method for rejecting GSCNs that do not include Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSBs). This fast scanning method uses one or more downsampling techniques to reduce the complexity associated with scanning numerous GSCNs for SSBs. For example, the UE can downsample the signal to obtain a coarse subset of the signal (e.g., by sampling a portion of the symbol using a coarse bin size). The UE can perform a Fast Fourier Transform along with one or more data processing techniques to obtain a spectrogram corresponding to the signal. The spectrogram can represent the signal in the frequency domain at a reduced resolution (e.g., due to downsampling), and the spectrogram can also include energy information corresponding to different frequencies.

[0027] The UE can use a spectrogram to examine frequencies corresponding to a GSCN to detect the presence of an SSB (e.g., by measuring the energy associated with the frequency). In some cases, the UE can compare the energy in the spectrogram with the energy patterns associated with the SSB (e.g., via correlation, machine learning techniques) to determine whether a given GSCN carries an SSB. However, since the spectrogram is generated from a downsampled version of the signal, the computational burden associated with searching for SSBs can be reduced. Therefore, the UE can detect SSBs within the frequencies corresponding to the GSCN while consuming fewer computational resources and reducing latency.

[0028] First, the various forms of the present invention are described within the context of a wireless communication system. The forms of the present invention are further explained and described with reference to GSCN mode, energy mode, and processing flow. The various forms of the present invention are further explained and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts related to the technology used to perform energy scanning in NR.

[0029] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system 100 supporting technology for performing energy scanning in NR, according to the present invention. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more base stations 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some instances, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-A Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, or an NR network. In some instances, the wireless communication system 100 may support enhanced broadband communication, ultra-reliable communication, low-latency communication, communication with low-cost and low-complexity devices, or any combination thereof.

[0030] Base stations 105 can be distributed throughout a geographical area to form a wireless communication system 100, and can be devices of different forms or with different capabilities. Base stations 105 and UEs 115 can communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125. Each base station 105 can provide a coverage area 110, and UEs 115 and base stations 105 can establish one or more communication links 125 on the coverage area 110. The coverage area 110 can be an instance of a geographical area, and base stations 105 and UEs 115 can support signal transmission according to one or more radio access technologies on the coverage area 110.

[0031] UE 115 can be distributed throughout the coverage area of ​​wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 can be stationary, mobile, or both stationary and mobile at different times. UE 115 can be devices with different forms or different capabilities. Some examples of UE 115 are illustrated in Figure 1. The UE 115 described herein can communicate with various types of devices, such as other UE 115s, base stations 105, multimedia / entertainment devices (e.g., radios, MP3 players, or video devices), cameras, gaming devices, navigation / positioning devices (e.g., GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) devices based on, for example, GPS (Global Positioning System), BeiDou, GLONASS, or Galileo, or terrestrial devices), tablets, laptops, netbooks, smart computers, personal computers, smart devices, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart clothing, smart glasses, virtual reality goggles, smart wristbands, smart jewelry (e.g., smart rings, smart bracelets)), drones, robots / robotic devices, vehicles, vehicle equipment, meters (e.g., parking meters, electricity meters, gas meters, water meters), monitors, air pumps, electrical appliances (e.g., kitchen appliances, washing machines, dryers), location tags, medical / healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other suitable device configured to communicate via wireless or wired media. Or network equipment (e.g., core network nodes, relay equipment, integrated access and backload (IAB) nodes, or other network equipment), as shown in Figure 1.

[0032] Base station 105 can communicate with core network 130, communicate with each other, or both. For example, base station 105 can interface with core network 130 via one or more backhaul links 120 (e.g., via S1, N2, N3, or other interfaces). Base station 105 can communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between base stations 105) or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130) or via both methods via backhaul links 120 (e.g., via X2, Xn, or other interfaces). In some instances, backhaul link 120 can be or includes one or more radio links.

[0033] One or more of the base stations 105 described herein may include, or may be referred to by those skilled in the art as, base station transceiver, radio base station, access point, radio transceiver, node B, eNodeB (eNB), next-generation node B or gigabit node B (any of which may be referred to as gNB), home node B, home eNodeB or other suitable terms.

[0034] UE 115 may include or be referred to as a mobile device, wireless device, remote device, handheld device, or user device, or some other suitable term, wherein "device" may also be referred to as a cell, station, terminal, or client, among other examples. UE 115 may also include or be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet computer, laptop computer, or personal computer. In some instances, UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless area loop (WLL) station, Internet of Things (IoT) device, Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, meters, and other examples.

[0035] The UE 115 described herein can communicate with various types of devices, such as other UE 115s that can sometimes act as repeaters, as well as base stations 105 and network devices, including macro eNBs or gNBs as shown in Figure 1, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations and other examples.

[0036] UE 115 and base station 105 can wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 on one or more carriers. The term "carrier" can refer to a collection of radio spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting communication links 125. For example, a carrier for communication link 125 may include a portion of the radio frequency spectrum band (e.g., bandwidth portion (BWP)) operating according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signal transmissions (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signal transmissions coordinating operation for the carrier, user data, or other signal transmissions. Wireless communication system 100 can use carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation to support communication with UE 115. UE 115 can be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation can be used for both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers.

[0037] The signal waveform transmitted on a carrier can consist of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multicarrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) or Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Spectrum OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM). In a system employing MCM, a resource element can consist of one symbol period (e.g., the duration of a modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier spacing are inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element can depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the decoding rate of the modulation scheme, or both). Therefore, the more resource elements the UE 115 receives and the higher the order of the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate the UE 115 can achieve. Radio communication resources can refer to a combination of radio spectrum resources, temporal resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial layers can also increase the data rate or data integrity used for communication with the UE 115.

[0038] The time interval of base station 105 or UE 115 can be expressed as a multiple of the basic time unit, which can be, for example, referring to... The sampling period is seconds, where It can represent the maximum supported subcarrier spacing, and This can represent the maximum supported Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size. The time interval of the communication resources can be organized according to radio frames, each radio frame having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame can be identified by a System Frame Number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0039] Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some instances, a frame may be divided into (e.g., in the time domain) subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into multiple time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier interval. Each time slot may include multiple symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix preceding each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, time slots may be further divided into multiple microtime slots containing one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may contain one or more (e.g., Sampling period. The duration of the symbol period can depend on the subcarrier interval or the operating frequency band.

[0040] Subframes, time slots, micro-time slots, or symbols can be the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., in the time domain) and can be referred to as transmission time intervals (TTIs). In some instances, the duration of the TTI (e.g., the number of symbol periods in the TTI) can be variable. Alternatively or supplementarily, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 can be dynamically selected (e.g., in a short pulse of a shortened TTI (sTTI)).

[0041] Physical channels can be multiplexed on a carrier using various technologies. For example, using one or more of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), or hybrid TDM-FDM technologies, physical control channels and physical data channels can be multiplexed on a downlink carrier. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) for a physical control channel can be defined by the number of symbol periods and can be extended across the system bandwidth of the carrier or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) can be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more UEs 115 can monitor or search for control regions for control information based on one or more search space sets, and each search space set can include one or more control channel candidates arranged in a cascaded manner in one or more aggregation levels. The aggregation level for control channel candidates can represent multiple control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with coded information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space set may include a common search space set configured to send control information to multiple UEs 115 and a UE-specific search space set used to send control information to a particular UE 115.

[0042] In some instances, base station 105 may be mobile and thus provide communication coverage for mobile geographic coverage area 110. In some instances, different geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but different geographic coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same base station 105. In other instances, overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different base stations 105. Wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of base stations 105 use the same or different radio access technologies to provide coverage for various geographic coverage areas 110.

[0043] Some UE115s can be configured to operate in a power-saving mode, such as half-duplex communication (e.g., a mode that supports unidirectional communication via either transmission or reception, but not simultaneously). In some instances, half-duplex communication can be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power-saving techniques for UE115s include entering a power-saving deep sleep mode when not engaged in active communication, operating on a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communication), or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UE115s can be configured to operate using a narrowband protocol type associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., a subcarrier or resource block (RB) set) within a carrier, within a carrier's guard band, or outside a carrier.

[0044] Wireless communication system 100 can be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication, or various combinations thereof. For example, wireless communication system 100 can be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). UE 115 can be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communication may include private or group communications and may be supported by one or more services (such as push-to-talk, video, or data). Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include service prioritization, and such services may be used for public safety or general business applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency are used interchangeably herein.

[0045] In some instances, UE 115 can also communicate directly with other UEs via device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., using peer-to-peer (P2P) or D2D protocols). One or more UEs 115 using D2D communication can be within the geographic coverage area 110 of base station 105. Other UEs 115 in such a group may be located outside the geographic coverage area 110 of base station 105, or in other cases, unable to receive transmissions from base station 105. In some instances, a group of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communication can use a one-to-many (1:M) system, in which each UE 115 sends to each other UE 115 in the group. In some instances, base station 105 facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D communication. In other cases, D2D communication is performed between the UEs 115 without the involvement of base station 105.

[0046] In some systems, the D2D communication link 135 can be an example of a communication channel (e.g., a sidelink communication channel) between vehicles (e.g., UE 115). In some instances, vehicles can communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, or some combination thereof. Vehicles can signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information related to the V2X system. In some instances, vehicles in a V2X system can communicate with roadside infrastructure (e.g., roadside units), or use vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication to communicate with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., base station 105), or both.

[0047] Core network 130 can provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. Core network 130 can be an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) or a 5G Core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a Mobility Management Entity (MME), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF)) managing access and mobility, and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a Serving Gateway (S-GW), Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW), or User Plane Function (UPF)) routing packets or interconnects to external networks. The control plane entity can manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for UE 115 served by base station 105 associated with core network 130. User IP packets can be transmitted via the user plane entity, which can provide IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity can connect to IP services 150 for one or more network service providers. IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, intranet, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched data streaming services.

[0048] Some network devices (e.g., base station 105) may include sub-components (e.g., access network entity 140), which may be an instance of an access node controller (ANC). Each access network entity 140 may communicate with the UE 115 via one or more other access network transport entities 145, which may be referred to as a radio headend, smart radio headend, or transmit / receive point (TRP). Each access network transport entity 145 may include one or more antenna panels. In some configurations, the various functions of each access network entity 140 or base station 105 may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio headends and ANCs) or combined into a single network device (e.g., base station 105).

[0049] Wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands, typically in the range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz. The region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is generally referred to as the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelength range extends from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features; however, the waves can penetrate structures sufficiently to allow macrocells to provide service to the UE 115 located indoors. Compared to transmissions using lower frequencies in the spectrum below 300 MHz and longer waves in the High Frequency (HF) or Ultra High Frequency (VHF) portions, UHF wave transmission can be associated with smaller antennas and shorter distances (e.g., less than 100 km).

[0050] Wireless communication system 100 may use both licensed and unlicensed radio spectrum bands. For example, wireless communication system 100 may employ Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) or LTE Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology or NR technology in unlicensed bands such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. When operating in unlicensed radio frequency bands, devices (such as base station 105 and UE 115) may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some instances, operation in unlicensed bands may be based on carrier aggregation configurations that combine component carriers operating in licensed bands (e.g., LAA). Operation in unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.

[0051] Base station 105 or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which can be used to employ technologies such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication, or beamforming. The antennas of base station 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which can support MIMO operation or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly (such as an antenna tower). In some instances, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with base station 105 may be located in different geographical locations. Base station 105 may have an antenna array with multiple rows and columns of antenna ports that base station 105 can use to support beamforming for communication with UE 115. Similarly, UE 115 may have one or more antenna arrays that can support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, antenna panels may support radio frequency beamforming for signals transmitted via antenna ports.

[0052] Base station 105 or UE 115 can use MIMO communication to utilize multipath signal propagation and improve spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. This technique can be referred to as spatial multiplexing. For example, multiple signals can be transmitted by a transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Similarly, multiple signals can be received by a receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals can be referred to as a separate spatial stream and can carry bits associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same coded characters) or different data streams (e.g., different coded characters). Different spatial layers can be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) in which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) in which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

[0053] Beamforming (also known as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique used at a transmitting or receiving device (e.g., base station 105, UE 115) to shape antenna beams or manipulate antenna beams (e.g., transmit beams, receive beams) along a spatial path between the transmitting and receiving devices. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals transmitted via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating relative to the antenna array in a particular direction undergo constructive interference while others undergo destructive interference. Adjustment of signals transmitted via antenna elements can include the transmitting or receiving device applying amplitude offset, phase offset, or both to the signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustment associated with each of these antenna elements can be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular direction (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting or receiving device or relative to some other direction).

[0054] Base station 105 or UE 115 may use beam scanning technology as part of beamforming operations. For example, base station 105 may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to perform beamforming operations for directional communication with UE 115. Base station 105 may transmit several signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) multiple times in different directions. For example, base station 105 may transmit signals based on different sets of beamforming weights associated with different transmission directions. Transmissions in different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device such as base station 105, or by a receiving device such as UE 115) the beam direction for later transmission or reception by base station 105.

[0055] A receiving device (e.g., UE 115) may attempt multiple receiving configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) from base station 105. For example, the receiving device may attempt multiple receiving directions by: receiving via different antenna subarrays; processing the received signal according to different antenna subarrays; receiving according to different sets of receiving beamforming weights applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array (e.g., different sets of directional listening weights); or processing the received signal according to different sets of receiving beamforming weights applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array. Any of these can be referred to as "listening" according to different receiving configurations or receiving directions. In some instances, the receiving device may use a single receiving configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving data signals). A single receiver configuration can be aligned on a beam direction determined based on listening in different receiver configuration directions (e.g., determined to have the highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or in other cases based on acceptable signal quality according to listening in multiple beam directions).

[0056] In some wireless communication systems (e.g., NR), UE 115 may determine one or more resources for communication with base station 105 (e.g., during initial acquisition). In some cases, UE 115 may perform a full-frequency scan (FFS) to search for a primary synchronization signal (PSS) at a frequency corresponding to the GSCN to determine resources from base station 105 for subsequent communication. For example, during initial acquisition, UE 115 may search for symbols within the SSB corresponding to the GSCN, including the PSS, secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and physical broadcast channel (PBCH) with an associated demodulation reference signal (DMRS). Additionally, during initial acquisition, UE 115 may assume that the SSB corresponds to an association period centered on the valid GSCN (e.g., 20 milliseconds (ms)).

[0057] However, in some cases, processing NR SSBs can consume more resources due to high bandwidth (e.g., compared to LTE, e-MTC, NB-IoT). For example, FFS can be associated with limited parallel processing capabilities for processing GSCNs. Furthermore, NR may not transmit a pilot signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS)), and Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) scans may be unreliable. Additionally, globally deployed devices may perform scans of thousands of GSCNs upon wake-up. Scanning thousands of GSCNs can be associated with long scan times, which may be undesirable from the user's, application's, or both perspectives. To improve scan time, the approach described herein provides a fast method for rejecting GSCNs that do not include SSBs, with the aim of improving overall efficiency at UE 115.

[0058] This document describes a fast scanning method for rejecting GSCNs that do not include SSBs. This fast scanning method uses one or more downsampling techniques to reduce the complexity associated with scanning many GSCNs for SSBs. UE 115 can use a spectrogram to examine frequencies corresponding to GSCNs to detect the presence of an SSB (e.g., by measuring the energy associated with the frequency). However, since the spectrogram is generated from a downsampled version of the signal, the computational burden associated with searching for SSBs can be reduced. Therefore, the UE can detect SSBs within frequencies corresponding to GSCNs while consuming fewer computational resources and reducing latency.

[0059] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system 200 supporting technology for performing energy scanning in NR, according to the present invention. The wireless communication system 200 may implement one or more versions of the wireless communication system 100, or be implemented by one or more versions of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the wireless communication system 200 may include a UE 115-a and a base station 105-a, which may be examples of the UE 115 and base station 105 described with reference to Figure 1. In some cases, the geographical coverage area served by base station 105-a may include UE 115-a. In some cases, UE 115-a may be configured to support improved communication via implementing technology for performing energy scanning. For example, UE 115-a may use a reduced set of feasible beams to establish a connection with base station 105-a. It should be noted that although examples are discussed below, any number of devices and device types can be used to complete the implementations described in the present invention.

[0060] Base station 105-a can be configured with multiple antennas that can be used for directional or beamforming transmission (e.g., beamforming communication beam 205). Similarly, UE 115-a can be configured with multiple antennas that can be used for directional or beamforming transmission (e.g., beamforming communication beam 210). In some instances, UE 115-a and base station 105-a can participate in a beam scanning procedure. As shown, base station 105-a and UE 115-a can transmit multiple beamforming communication beams 205, 210 in different directions within the coverage area.

[0061] In some instances, base station 105-a and UE 115-a can repeat beam scanning patterns on different communication beams 205 and 210 in an order determined by a given beam scanning pattern. Base station 105-a and UE 115-a can have at least one active communication beam pair for wireless communication. Base station 105-a can communicate with UE 115-a on active communication beam 205, and UE 115-a can communicate with base station 105-a on active communication beam 210. The active communication beams can be used to transmit data and control information. The active communication beams can be a downlink receive beam and an uplink transmit beam for UE 115-a, or a downlink transmit beam and an uplink receive beam for base station 105-a.

[0062] In some instances, base station 105-a and UE 115-a may not yet have established a communication link. For example, at startup, UE 115-a may perform a scan to detect resources from base station 105-a for subsequent communication. For example, UE 115-a may perform a scan to detect SSBs associated with base station beams 205-a, 205-b, and 205-c. UE 115-a may perform a scan using one or more receive beams, such as receive beams 210-a, 210-b, and 210-c.

[0063] During the initial acquisition period, UE 115-a can scan each base station beam 205 for the SSB, which can indicate resources or associated parameters for UE 115-a to use (e.g., via receive beam 210) for communication operations with base station 105-a. For example, UE 115-a can perform an FFS to search for the PSS at a frequency corresponding to the GSCN. The GSCN can have a one-to-one correspondence with frequencies that include synchronization information. The UE can determine the GSCN parameters as shown in the following table (Table 1): Frequency range SS block frequency position SS REF GSCN GSCN Scope 0 – 3000 MHz N * 1200kHz + M * 50kHz, N=1:2499, M ϵ {1,3,5} (Note 1) 3N + (M-3) / 2 2 – 7498 3000 – 24250 MHz 3000 MHz + N * 1.44 MHz N = 0:14756 7499 + N 7499 – 22255 The default value for the operating frequency band that only supports SCS interval channel grids is M=3. Table 1

[0064] In this way, UE 115-a can repeatedly calculate via base station beam 205 to determine which resources are used for communication. With multiple base station beams 205 present, repeated calculation via available GSCNs can consume significant time and power resources, potentially leading to adverse effects at UE 115-a. Furthermore, one or more GSCNs may not include synchronization information, which could further increase scanning time, as some GSCNs may not be suitable for initial acquisition.

[0065] Based on one or more of the states illustrated in this document, UE 115-a can use a scanning method to quickly reject GSCNs that do not include SSBs. For example, UE 115-a can use a coarse segmentation algorithm (e.g., a reduced-resolution Fast Fourier Transform) and energy patterns associated with GSCNs to quickly determine which GSCNs are associated with SSBs. In some instances, the fast scanning method can detect SSB energy patterns in GSCNs under various load conditions (e.g., 10%, 50%, 75%, 100%).

[0066] In some instances, UE 115-a can receive downlink signals including SSBs at frequencies corresponding to GSCNs. SSBs can span a set of symbol periods in the time domain and a set of subcarriers in the frequency domain. UE 115-a can analyze a portion of the symbol period of each of the symbol periods in the time domain across a subset of the subcarrier set in the frequency domain and can identify the energy patterns corresponding to the SSBs. For example, UE 115-a can perform a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to obtain a spectrogram associated with one or more GSCNs (e.g., the signal received at the frequency corresponding to the GSCN). Furthermore, the FFT performed by UE 115-a can correspond to a low-resolution transform, where data from the received signals corresponding to one or more GSCNs is downsampled to reduce computational complexity. For example, UE 115-a can analyze a portion of each received symbol (e.g., one-eighth of a symbol) instead of the entire symbol. Based on the spectrogram, UE 115-a can analyze one or more energy patterns associated with the received signal (e.g., via correlation, one or more machine learning algorithms) to determine which GSCNs and therefore which frequencies may include SSBs. UE 115-a can then establish a connection with the base station based on the identified energy patterns.

[0067] Furthermore, although the spectrogram can correspond to a low-resolution representation of the received signal, UE 115-a can determine the total energy associated with each GSCN by using mathematical properties related to the Fast Fourier Transform (e.g., Parseval's Theorem). Determining the total energy associated with each GSCN via a low-resolution spectrogram allows UE 115-a to quickly determine the effective GSCN (e.g., including the SSB), while reducing the search space associated with initial acquisition. Based on the determination of the effective GSCN, UE 115-a can establish one or more communication links with base station 105-a.

[0068] Figure 3 illustrates an example of a GSCN mode 300 supporting a technology for performing energy scanning in NR, according to the present invention. The GSCN mode 300 can be implemented by one or more modes of wireless communication system 100 and wireless communication system 200. For example, the GSCN mode 300 can correspond to communications associated with a UE and a base station, which can be an example of UE 115 and base station 105 described with reference to Figure 1. It should be noted that although examples are discussed below, any number of devices and device types can be used to carry out the implementation described in the present invention.

[0069] To perform efficient energy scanning to determine which resources to use, the UE can locate a given GSCN and perform one or more analyses on the energy patterns associated with that GSCN. In some instances, to locate a given GSCN, the UE can use the spacing associated with the GSCN and the associated subcarrier spacing (SCS). As illustrated in the example in Figure 3, the UE can examine subcarriers k to k+39. The spacing of GSCNs is at most 1.2 MHz in the sub-3 GHz band and at most 1.44 MHz in the sub-6 GHz band. In some cases, the sub-3 GHz band can include up to three GSCNs spaced at 100 kHz intervals (e.g., by...). (This is indicated by the SCS), where the UE can use a given SCS to locate and analyze these GSCNs. However, in some instances, such as frequencies above 3 GHz, a given SCS may not be defined (e.g., SCS 15 kHz).

[0070] However, in other instances, the UE can use the mode associated with the GSCN to determine the presence of the SSB. It should be noted that when performing SSB power calculations, the UE can use the presence of multiple GSCNs to test multiple GSCNs. For example, the number of GSCNs captured by an SCS at 15kHz in 20MHz could correspond to 39 in the sub-3GHz band (e.g., if...). In other instances, the number of GSCNs captured by an SCS at 30kHz in 20MHz can correspond to 24 (e.g., if...). In some instances, such as when At that time, the number of GSCNs can correspond to 13 in SCS 15 kHz and 8 in SCS 30 kHz. Finally, below 6 GHz, the number of GSCNs can correspond to 8 in SCS 30 kHz. It should be noted that although specific examples of bandwidth, sampling size, and SCS are used to further illustrate the variability of the present invention, the techniques and methods described herein can be applied with any bandwidth, sampling size, and SCS. In addition, the techniques and methods described herein can be extended via NR digital schemes (e.g., as SSB extensions). In some cases, the implementation of the present invention can be dominated by the front-end bandwidth associated with the receiver. In other cases, the FFT size can depend on both the SCS and the front-end bandwidth.

[0071] The UE can examine one or more symbols (e.g., four symbols, as shown in Figure 3) along with the associated frequency band and SCS (e.g., SCS15kHz, SCS30kHz) to determine whether the energy mode associated with multiple GSCNs includes an SSB. For example, the UE can use four symbols on a 20MHz frequency band to examine GSCN mode 310. In some cases, the UE can determine that the mode associated with the GSCN corresponds to 20 resource blocks (RBs) on 3.84 MHz. In some instances, this mode can be adjacent to empty symbols 315-a and 315-b.

[0072] Based on the detection of GSCN mode 310, the UE can determine further details of the frequency band associated with GSCN mode 310. For example, using GSCN mode, the UE can determine the PSS 325 (spanning 127 subcarriers) associated with GSCN mode 310, where PSS 325 can be between two no-transmission symbols 320-a (spanning 57 subcarriers) and 320-b (spanning 56 subcarriers). No-transmission symbols 320-a and 320-b can be bandwidth-comparable to PSS 325. Furthermore, the UE can determine the PBCH and DMRS symbols 330 (spanning 240 subcarriers) associated with GSCN mode 310. Additionally, the UE can obtain supplementary PBCH and DMRS information from PBCH and DMRS symbols 335-a (spanning 48 subcarriers) and 335-b (spanning 48 subcarriers). In some instances, the UE can also determine SSS symbol 345 (spanning 127 subcarriers), where SSS symbol 345 can be adjacent to two non-transmitting symbols 340-a (spanning 9 subcarriers) and 340-b (spanning 8 subcarriers). Finally, the UE can use GSCN mode 310 to obtain PBCH and DMRS symbol 350 (spanning 240 subcarriers). By using GSCN mode 310, the UE can quickly determine the content of the associated SSS.

[0073] Figure 4 illustrates an example of an energy mode 400 that supports a technology for performing energy scanning in NR, according to the present invention. Energy mode 400 can be used by one or more modes of wireless communication system 100 and wireless communication system 200. For example, energy mode 400 can be used by a UE, which can be an example of UE 115 described with reference to Figure 1. It should be noted that although examples are discussed below, any number of devices and device types can be used to complete the implementation described in this invention.

[0074] In some instances, the UE may receive signal 405 in the time domain. Signal 405 may include numerous samples characterizing the signal. For example, signal block 410 may correspond to 256 samples at 30.72 MHz. In some cases, such as when the UE performs a transformation on time-domain signal 405 to begin searching for a GSCN with an SSB, the number of samples may affect the efficiency of the UE performing the transformation. Furthermore, multiple samples after the transformation may provide the UE with a large amount of information for analysis to determine which GSCNs may include an SSB. For example, the transformation may include thousands of samples, where the UE may attempt pattern matching via repeated operations through the samples, which may increase latency at the UE.

[0075] However, in some instances, to reduce the complexity of determining GSCN mode, SSB mode, or both, the UE can use coarse segmentation to reduce the resolution of the received signal, thereby reducing the complexity associated with subsequent mathematical operations on the reduced-resolution signal. For example, the UE can perform a 256-point Fast Fourier Transform on the time-domain signal 405. In some instances, the coarse segmentation performed by the UE can correspond to short-duration short pulses (e.g., one-eighth of an OFDM symbol), where the short-duration short pulse is analyzed in frequency using a coarse segmentation (e.g., a segmentation width equal to eight subcarriers).

[0076] Based on the Fast Fourier Transform, in some instances, the UE can obtain a spectrogram 415 representing a downsampled version of the time-domain signal 405. The spectrogram 415 can be assembled based on one or more filtering techniques, cascading techniques, or both. For example, the UE can use time-domain filtering of frequency bins to combine these bins to correspond to an OFDM symbol length. Furthermore, the energies of four such consecutive symbols can be tested for modes associated with the SSB.

[0077] For example, the UE can perform pattern matching on spectrum 415 (e.g., using general pattern matching techniques that may correspond to related technologies, machine learning techniques such as spiral neural networks, and other techniques) to detect pattern 445. Pattern 445 may correspond to one or more GSCNs with associated symbols, which may include SSBs. For example, the UE can determine that pattern 445 exists within spectrum 415 and examine the energy associated with pattern 445, portions of pattern 445, or both. In some cases, the UE can measure the energy associated with PSS 430 within pattern 445. In this case, the UE can determine that PSS 430 may be surrounded by gap symbol 425, no-transmission symbol 420, or both. Additionally, the UE can determine PBCH and DMRS 435 and the associated energy from pattern 445. Additionally, the UE can determine the energy associated with SSS 440.

[0078] Based on the measured energy, the UE can determine whether a GSCN includes an SSB. For example, the UE can compare the measured energy with the off energy associated with a GSCN without an SSB and the on energy associated with a GSCN with an SSB. Based on this comparison, the UE can determine whether the frequency resources associated with a given GSCN include an SSB. Furthermore, since the energy measurement is performed on a reduced-resolution representation of the time-domain signal 405, the UE can determine whether the energy level is lower than the expected level for a GSCN carrying an SSB, allowing the UE to quickly reject GSCNs that do not include an SSB.

[0079] Figure 5 illustrates an example of a processing flow 500 supporting a technology for performing energy scanning in NR, according to the present invention. The processing flow 500 can be implemented by one or more wireless devices (e.g., UEs), the UE being an example of UE 115 as described with reference to Figure 1. In some instances, the processing flow 500 may include one or more operations and procedures associated with base station 105 and UE 115, which may be examples of those discussed with reference to Figures 2-4. Although specific operations may be discussed below, operations may be performed in a different order than the examples shown, or operations performed by these devices may be performed by different devices or at different times.

[0080] The UE can receive a time-domain signal during the initial acquisition procedure, whereby the UE can examine multiple GSCNs associated with the time-domain signal to determine the set of resources for subsequent communications. At 505, the UE can buffer 256 samples from the time-domain signal (e.g., or any other buffered sample size) for downsampling transformation, where these samples may correspond to a portion of an OFDM symbol (e.g., one-eighth of a symbol). For example, the symbol energy can be compartmentalized in 120 kHz increments at one-eighth symbol time offset.

[0081] For example, at 510, the UE can perform a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) using 256 samples from a buffer of the time-domain signal. Energy calculations are performed within the frequency bins obtained from the FFT at 510. Alternatively or complementaryly, the frequency bins can be time-disjoint. At 515, the UE can perform one or more mathematical operations (e.g., taking the absolute value) on the 256-point FFT. At 520, the UE can perform a moving average (e.g., M=8) on the 256-point FFT, where the moving average (e.g., across time) can generate complete symbols from a portion of the OFDM symbols obtained during the buffering period at 505.

[0082] Based on the moving average performed at 520, the UE can perform processing to determine whether a given GSCN includes SSB information. For example, at 525, the UE can implement an SSB mask centered on the GSCN frequency at a given subcarrier K. For example, a bin corresponding to the GSCN center frequency and bandwidth can be obtained from the SSB mask. As discussed with reference to Figure 4, the UE can determine the energy associated with the GSCN frequency obtained from the SSB mask and compare this energy with one or more metrics. For example, the UE can compare the determined energy with the amount of on-energy at 530. If the determined energy is higher than the amount of on-energy, the UE can determine that the given GSCN includes an SSB. Alternatively or supplementarily, the UE can compare the determined energy with the amount of off-energy at 530. If the determined energy is lower than the amount of off-energy (e.g., or equivalent), the UE can determine that the given GSCN does not include an SSB, allowing the UE to quickly reject GSCNs without accompanying SSBs.

[0083] In some instances, the UE can perform a search every 20 ms (e.g., or other periods), which can provide at least one SSB processed on the GSCN. The UE can use one or more techniques to determine whether an energy pattern associated with the GSCN corresponds to an SSB using pattern matching techniques. For example, the UE can use machine learning techniques (e.g., spiral neural networks) to perform pattern matching. Supplementally or alternatively, the UE can use correlation techniques (e.g., correlation detectors) to determine whether a pattern corresponding to an SSB exists in the energy. For example, the UE can use the received power in a two-dimensional grid (e.g., The UE uses a reference mode and one or more mathematical techniques to correlate the received signal with one or more modes. The UE can use the reference mode illustrated in Equation 1: (1)

[0084] The UE can determine one or more metrics to use in conjunction with a reference pattern so that the relevant detectors can match one or more received signals. For example, the UE can obtain a first metric. Together with the second measure Execution pattern matching. In some instances, the UE can use a second metric and a reference pattern to obtain relevant statistics. For example, the UE can use Formula 2 to obtain relevant statistics: (2) It can be alternatively represented as .

[0085] Based on relevant detectors and pattern matching, the UE can use the results from the pattern to enhance general PSS detection (e.g., FFS) to confirm the presence of SSB.

[0086] Figure 6 illustrates a block diagram 600 of a device 605 supporting technology for performing energy scanning in NR, according to the present invention. Device 605 may be an example of a UE 115 as described herein. Device 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, and a communication manager 620. Device 605 may also include at least one processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0087] Receiver 610 may provide a unit for receiving information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to technologies performing energy scanning in NR), such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. The information may be transmitted to other components of device 605. Receiver 610 may use a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0088] Transmitter 615 may provide a unit for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 605. For example, transmitter 615 may transmit information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to technologies performing energy scanning in NR), such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some instances, transmitter 615 may be co-located with receiver 610 in a transceiver module. Transmitter 615 may use a single antenna or a combination of multiple antennas.

[0089] The communication manager 620, receiver 610, transmitter 615, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be instances of units for performing various types of techniques for performing energy scanning in NR as described herein. For example, the communication manager 620, receiver 610, transmitter 615, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof, may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0090] In some instances, the communication manager 620, receiver 610, transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communication management circuitry). The hardware may include any combination of at least one processor, digital signal processor (DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, individual gate or transistor logic device, individual hardware component, or any unit configured to or otherwise support units for performing the functions described herein. In some instances, at least one processor and memory coupled to said at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., via instructions stored in memory executed by the processor).

[0091] Additionally or alternatively, in some instances, the communication manager 620, receiver 610, transmitter 615, or various combinations thereof or components may be implemented as code executed by at least one processor (e.g., as communication management software). If implemented as code executed by at least one processor, the functionality of the communication manager 620, receiver 610, transmitter 615, or various combinations thereof or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, DSP, central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), ASIC, FPGA, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., units configured or otherwise supported for performing the functions described herein).

[0092] In some instances, the communication manager 620 can be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise coordinating with the receiver 610, transmitter 615, or both. For example, the communication manager 620 can receive information from the receiver 610, send information to the transmitter 615, or integrate with the receiver 610, transmitter 615, or both to receive information, send information, or perform various other operations described herein.

[0093] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 620 can support wireless communication at the UE. For example, the communication manager 620 can be configured or otherwise support units for receiving downlink signals, including synchronization symbol blocks, at a frequency corresponding to a global synchronization channel number, the synchronization symbol blocks spanning a set of symbol periods in the time domain and a set of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The communication manager 620 can be configured or otherwise support units for analyzing a portion of the symbol period of each of the symbol periods in the time domain spanning a subset of the subcarrier set in the frequency domain. The communication manager 620 can be configured or otherwise support units for identifying an energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization symbol block based on this analysis. The communication manager 620 can be configured or otherwise support units for establishing a connection with a base station based on the identified energy pattern.

[0094] By including or configuring a communication manager 620 according to an example as described herein, device 605 (e.g., at least one processor that controls or is otherwise coupled to receiver 610, transmitter 615, communication manager 620, or a combination thereof) can support techniques for achieving reduced processing, reduced power consumption, and more efficient use of communication resources by performing undersampling techniques to determine whether a given GSCN includes an SSB.

[0095] Figure 7 illustrates a block diagram 700 of a device 705 supporting technology for performing energy scanning in NR, according to the present invention. Device 705 may be an example of a device 605 or UE 115 as described herein. Device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communication manager 720. Device 705 may also include at least one processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0096] Receiver 710 may provide a unit for receiving information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to technologies performing energy scanning in NR), such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. The information may be transmitted to other components of device 705. Receiver 710 may use a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0097] Transmitter 715 may provide a unit for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 705. For example, transmitter 715 may transmit information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to technologies performing energy scanning in NR), such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some instances, transmitter 715 may be co-located with receiver 710 in a transceiver module. Transmitter 715 may use a single antenna or a combination of multiple antennas.

[0098] Device 705 or its components may be instances of various types of units described herein for performing energy scanning techniques in NR. For example, communication manager 720 may include downlink signal receiver 725, symbol analysis unit 730, energy pattern identification unit 735, connection establishment unit 740, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 720 may be an instance of a type of communication manager 620 described herein. In some instances, communication manager 720 or its components may be configured to: use receiver 710, transmitter 715, or both, or otherwise coordinate with receiver 710, transmitter 715, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting). For example, communication manager 720 may receive information from receiver 710, send information to transmitter 715, or integrate receiver 710, transmitter 715, or both to receive information, send information, or perform various other operations described herein.

[0099] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 720 can support wireless communication at the UE. The downlink signal receiver 725 can be configured or otherwise supported to receive downlink signals, including synchronization symbol blocks, at frequencies corresponding to global synchronization channel numbers, the synchronization symbol blocks spanning a set of symbol periods in the time domain and a set of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The symbol analysis unit 730 can be configured or otherwise supported to analyze a portion of the symbol period of each of the symbol periods in the time domain spanning a subset of the subcarrier set in the frequency domain. The energy pattern identification unit 735 can be configured or otherwise supported to identify the energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization symbol block based on the analysis. The connection establishment unit 740 can be configured or otherwise supported to establish a connection with a base station based on the identified energy pattern.

[0100] Figure 8 illustrates a block diagram 800 of a communication manager 820, according to the present invention, supporting a technology for performing energy scanning in NR. The communication manager 820 may be an instance of the communication manager 620, communication manager 720, or a combination thereof described herein. The communication manager 820 or its components may be instances of units described herein for performing various types of technology for performing energy scanning in NR. For example, the communication manager 820 may include a downlink signal receiver 825, a symbol analysis unit 830, an energy pattern identification unit 835, a connection establishment unit 840, a signal sampling register unit 845, a fast Fourier transform unit 850, an energy calculation unit 855, a frequency bin identification unit 860, a time averaging unit 865, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0101] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 820 can support wireless communication at the UE. The downlink signal receiver 825 can be configured or otherwise supported to support elements for receiving downlink signals, including synchronization symbol blocks, at frequencies corresponding to global synchronization channel numbers, the synchronization symbol blocks spanning a set of symbol periods in the time domain and a set of subcarriers in the frequency domain.

[0102] Symbol analysis unit 830 may be configured or otherwise supported to analyze a portion of the symbol period of each of the sets of symbol periods in the time domain across a subset of the subcarrier set in the frequency domain. Energy pattern identification unit 835 may be configured or otherwise supported to identify energy patterns corresponding to synchronization symbol blocks based on the analysis. Connection establishment unit 840 may be configured or otherwise supported to establish a connection with a base station based on the identified energy pattern.

[0103] In some instances, the downlink signal receiver 825 may be configured or otherwise supported to support a unit for receiving downlink signals comprising a first set of multiple signal samples at a first frequency. In some instances, the signal sampling register component 845 may be configured or otherwise supported to support a unit for buffering a second set of multiple signal samples, wherein the first set of multiple signal samples is greater than the second set of multiple signal samples.

[0104] In some instances, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) unit 850 may be configured or otherwise supported to perform a FFT for sampling a second set of multiple signals to identify a set of frequency bins. In some instances, the energy calculation unit 855 may be configured or otherwise supported to calculate the energy of each frequency bin in the set of frequency bins, wherein identifying the energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization symbol block is based on calculating the energy of each frequency bin.

[0105] In some instances, the time averaging component 865 may be configured or otherwise supported for performing averaging across the time domain to calculate the energy in each frequency bin of the frequency bin set over the symbol period in the symbol period set. In some instances, each frequency bin of the frequency bin set includes a subset of the subcarrier set. In some instances, each frequency bin of the frequency bin set is temporally disjoint.

[0106] In some instances, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) component 850 may be configured or otherwise supported to perform a FFT on a second set of multiple signal samples to identify a set of frequency bins. In some instances, the frequency bin identification component 860 may be configured or otherwise supported to identify one or more frequency bins corresponding to the center frequency and bandwidth of a global synchronization channel number.

[0107] In some instances, the energy pattern identification unit 835 may be configured or otherwise support a unit for determining that the energy of the first frequency bin is less than the energy of the second frequency bin, wherein identifying the energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization symbol block is based on determining the energy of the first and second frequency bins. In some instances, the second frequency bin corresponds to a symbol period in a set of symbol periods.

[0108] In some instances, the energy pattern corresponding to a synchronization symbol block spans consecutive symbol periods. In some instances, the symbol period comprises orthogonal frequency division multiplexed symbols, and a portion of each symbol period comprises one-eighth of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexed symbols.

[0109] Figure 9 illustrates a system 900 including a device 905 supporting technology for performing energy scanning in NR, according to the present invention. Device 905 may be an example of or include components of device 605, device 705, or UE 115 described herein. Device 905 may wirelessly communicate with one or more base stations 105, UE 115, or any combination thereof. Device 905 may include components for bidirectional voice and data communication, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 920, an input / output (I / O) controller 910, a transceiver 915, an antenna 925, a memory 930, a code 935, and at least one processor 940. These components may communicate electronically or be otherwise coupled (e.g., operational ground, communication ground, functional ground, electronic ground, electrical ground) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 945).

[0110] I / O controller 910 can manage the input and output signals of device 905. I / O controller 910 can also manage peripheral devices not integrated into device 905. In some cases, I / O controller 910 can represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 910 can use operating systems such as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS / 2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, or other known operating systems. Additionally or alternatively, I / O controller 910 can represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, or similar device. In some cases, I / O controller 910 can be implemented as part of at least one processor (e.g., processor 940). In some cases, a user can interact with device 905 via I / O controller 910 or via hardware controlled by I / O controller 910.

[0111] In some cases, device 905 may include a single antenna 925. However, in other cases, device 905 may have more than one antenna 925, which may be able to transmit or receive multiple wireless transmissions simultaneously. As described herein, transceiver 915 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 925, wired or wireless links. For example, transceiver 915 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver 915 may also include a modem for modulating packets, providing modulated packets to one or more antennas 925 for transmission, and demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 925. Transceiver 915, or transceiver 915 and one or more antennas 925, may be an example of transmitter 615, transmitter 715, receiver 610, receiver 710, or any combination thereof or components thereof, as described herein.

[0112] Memory 930 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). Memory 930 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 935, which includes instructions that, when executed by processor 940, cause device 905 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 935 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other types of memory. In some cases, code 935 may not be directly executable by processor 940, but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, among others, memory 930 may contain a basic I / O system (BIOS) that controls basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0113] Processor 940 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, CPUs, GPUs, microcontrollers, ASICs, FPGAs, programmable logic devices, individual gate or transistor logic devices, individual hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 940 may be configured to use a memory controller to operate a memory array. In other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 940. Processor 940 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., memory 930) to cause device 905 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting techniques for performing energy scanning in NR). For example, device 905 or components of device 905 may include processor 940 and memory 930 coupled to processor 940, processor 940 and memory 930 being configured to perform the various functions described herein.

[0114] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 920 can support wireless communication at the UE. For example, the communication manager 920 can be configured or otherwise support units for receiving downlink signals, including synchronization symbol blocks, at a frequency corresponding to a global synchronization channel number, the synchronization symbol blocks spanning a set of symbol periods in the time domain and a set of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The communication manager 920 can be configured or otherwise support units for analyzing a portion of the symbol period of each of the symbol periods in the time domain spanning a subset of the subcarrier set in the frequency domain. The communication manager 920 can be configured or otherwise support units for identifying an energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization symbol block based on this analysis. The communication manager 920 can be configured or otherwise support units for establishing a connection with a base station based on the identified energy pattern.

[0115] By including or configuring a communication manager 920 according to an example as described herein, device 905 can support techniques for achieving improved communication reliability, reduced latency, and improved user experience associated with reduced processing, reduced power consumption, and more efficient use of communication resources by performing undersampling techniques to determine whether a given GSCN includes an SSB.

[0116] In some instances, the communication manager 920 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or in coordination with transceiver 915, one or more antennas 925, or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 920 is shown as a separate component, in some instances, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 920 may be supported or performed by processor 940, memory 930, code 935, or any combination thereof. For example, code 935 may include instructions executable by processor 940 to cause device 905 to perform various types of techniques for performing energy scanning in NR as described herein, or processor 940 and memory 930 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0117] Figure 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1000 supporting a technology for performing energy scanning in an NR, according to the present invention. As described herein, the operation of method 1000 can be implemented by a UE or its components. For example, the operation of method 1000 can be performed by a UE 115 described with reference to Figures 1 through 9. In some instances, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the functional units of the UE to perform the described functions. Alternatively or supplementarily, the UE can use dedicated hardware to perform various states of the described functions.

[0118] At 1005, the method may include: receiving a downlink signal comprising a synchronization symbol block at a frequency corresponding to a global synchronization channel number, the synchronization symbol block spanning a set of symbol periods in the time domain and a set of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The operation of 1005 can be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some instances, some forms of the operation of 1005 may be performed by a downlink signal receiver 825 as described with reference to FIG8.

[0119] At 1010, the method may include: analyzing a portion of the symbol period of each of the set of symbol periods in the time domain across a subset of the subcarrier set in the frequency domain. The operation of 1010 can be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some instances, some forms of the operation of 1010 may be performed by a symbol analysis component 830 as described with reference to FIG8.

[0120] At 1015, the method may include: identifying an energy pattern corresponding to a synchronization symbol block, at least in part based on the analysis. The operation at 1015 can be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some instances, certain aspects of the operation at 1015 may be performed by an energy pattern identification component 835 as described with reference to FIG8.

[0121] At 1020, the method may include establishing a connection with the base station based at least in part on the identified energy pattern. The operation of 1020 can be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some instances, certain aspects of the operation of 1020 may be performed by a connection establishment component 840 as described with reference to FIG8.

[0122] Figure 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1100 supporting a technology for performing energy scanning in an NR, according to the present invention. As described herein, the operation of method 1100 can be implemented by a UE or its components. For example, the operation of method 1100 can be performed by a UE 115 described with reference to Figures 1 through 9. In some instances, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the functional units of the UE to perform the described functions. Alternatively or supplementarily, the UE can use dedicated hardware to perform various states of the described functions.

[0123] At 1105, the method may include: receiving a downlink signal comprising a synchronization symbol block at a frequency corresponding to a global synchronization channel number, the synchronization symbol block spanning a set of symbol periods in the time domain and a set of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The operation of 1105 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some instances, certain aspects of the operation of 1105 may be performed by a downlink signal receiver 825 as described with reference to FIG8.

[0124] At 1110, the method may include performing a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on a second set of multiple signal samples to identify a frequency bin set. The operation at 1110 can be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some instances, some aspects of the operation at 1110 may be performed by a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) unit 850 as described with reference to FIG8.

[0125] At 1115, the method may include: analyzing a portion of the symbol period of each of the set of symbol periods in the time domain across a subset of the subcarrier set in the frequency domain. The operation at 1115 can be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some instances, certain aspects of the operation at 1115 may be performed by a symbol analysis component 830 as described with reference to FIG8.

[0126] At 1120, the method may include: identifying an energy pattern corresponding to a synchronization symbol block, at least in part based on the analysis. The operation at 1120 can be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some instances, certain aspects of the operation at 1120 may be performed by an energy pattern identification component 835 as described with reference to FIG8.

[0127] At 1125, the method may include: calculating the energy of each frequency cell in the set of frequency cells, wherein identifying the energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization symbol block is based at least in part on calculating the energy of each frequency cell. The operation at 1125 can be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some instances, some aspects of the operation at 1125 may be performed by an energy calculation unit 855 as described with reference to FIG8.

[0128] At 1130, the method may include: establishing a connection with the base station based on the identified energy pattern. The operation at 1130 can be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some instances, certain aspects of the operation at 1130 may be performed by a connection establishment component 840 as described with reference to FIG8.

[0129] The following provides an overview of the nature of the case:

[0130] Sample 1: A method for wireless communication at a UE, comprising: receiving a downlink signal including a synchronization symbol block at a frequency corresponding to a global synchronization channel number, the synchronization symbol block spanning a set of symbol periods in the time domain and a set of subcarriers in the frequency domain; analyzing a portion of the symbol period of each of the symbol periods in the set of symbol periods in the time domain across a subset of the subcarriers in the frequency domain; identifying an energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization symbol block based at least in part on the analysis; and establishing a connection with a base station based at least in part on the identified energy pattern.

[0131] State 2: According to the method of State 1, it also includes: receiving the downlink signal including a first plurality of signal samples at a first frequency; and buffering a second plurality of signal samples, wherein the first plurality of signal samples is greater than the second plurality of signal samples.

[0132] State 3: According to the method of State 2, it also includes: performing a fast Fourier transform on the second plurality of signal samples to identify a set of frequency bins; and calculating the energy of each frequency bin in the set of frequency bins, wherein identifying the energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization symbol block is at least partially based on calculating the energy of each frequency bin.

[0133] State 4: According to the method of State 3, it also includes: performing an average across the time domain to calculate the energy in each frequency bin of the frequency bin set on the symbol period in the symbol period set.

[0134] State 5: The method according to any of the states 3 to 4, wherein each frequency compartment of the set of frequency compartments includes the subset of the subcarrier set.

[0135] State 6: The method described according to any of the states 3 to 5, wherein each frequency cell in the set of frequency cells is not temporally intersecting.

[0136] State 7: The method described according to any of the states 2 to 6 also includes: performing a fast Fourier transform on the second plurality of signal samples to identify a set of frequency compartments; identifying one or more frequency compartments corresponding to the center frequency and bandwidth of the global synchronization channel number; and determining that the energy of the first frequency compartment is less than the energy of the second frequency compartment, wherein identifying the energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization symbol block is at least partially based on determining the energy of the first frequency compartment and the energy of the second frequency compartment.

[0137] State 8: According to the method of State 7, wherein the second frequency cell corresponds to the symbol period in the symbol period set.

[0138] State 9: The method according to any of the states 1 to 8, wherein the energy mode corresponding to the synchronization symbol block spans consecutive symbol periods.

[0139] State 10: The method according to any of the states 1 to 9, wherein the symbol period includes orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols, and the portion of each symbol period includes one-eighth of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols.

[0140] State 11: An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, comprising: at least one processor; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to perform any of the states 1 to 10.

[0141] State 12: An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, comprising at least one unit for performing the method of any one of states 1 to 10.

[0142] State 13: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at the UE, the code including instructions executable by at least one processor to perform the method of any of states 1 to 10.

[0143] It should be noted that the methods described in this paper describe possible implementations, and the operations and steps can be rearranged or otherwise modified, and other implementations are possible. Furthermore, states from two or more of these methods can be combined.

[0144] While some aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for illustrative purposes, and the terms LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR may be used in most of the description, the techniques described herein can be applied beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the techniques described can be applied to a variety of other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0145] The information and signals described herein can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and skills. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout this specification can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or light particles, or any combination thereof.

[0146] Using a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, GPU, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, individual gate or transistor logic device, individual hardware component, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein, the various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or executed. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor; however, alternatively, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. At least one processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, a combination of one or more microprocessors with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0147] The functions described herein can be implemented using hardware, software executed by at least one processor, or any combination thereof. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other names, software should be interpreted broadly as instructions, instruction sets, code, code fragments, program code, program, subprogram, software module, application, software application, software suite, convention, subconvention, object, executable file, executable thread, program, or function. If implemented using software executed by at least one processor, these functions can be stored as one or more instructions or code on or transmitted via a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of this document and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein can be implemented using software executed by at least one processor, hardware, hardwired, or any combination thereof. Features implementing the functions can also be physically placed in various locations, including portions distributed such that functions are implemented at different physical locations.

[0148] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media, including any media that facilitates the transfer of computer programs from one location to another. Non-transitory storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a general-purpose computer or a special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, electronically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, phase-change memory, compressed magnetic disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory media that can be used to carry or store desired program code having an instruction or data structure and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Furthermore, any connection can be appropriately referred to as computer-readable media. For example, if software is reflected from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable media. As used herein, disks and discs include CDs, laser discs, optical discs, DVDs, floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs, where disks typically copy data magnetically, while discs use lasers to optically copy data. The combination of these should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0149] As used herein, including in a request item, such as in a list of entries, "or" (e.g., a list of entries preceded by phrases such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive list, such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A, or B, or C, or AB, or AC, or BC, or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Furthermore, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, without departing from the scope of this case, an instance step described as "based on condition A" could be based on both condition A and condition B. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" will be interpreted in the same way as the phrase "at least partially based on". As used herein, when the term "and / or" is used in a list of two or more entries, it means that any one of the listed entries can be used alone, or any combination of two or more of the listed entries can be used. For example, if a composition is described as containing components A, B and / or C, then the composition may contain only A; only B; only C; a combination of A and B; a combination of A and C; a combination of B and C; or a combination of A, B and C.

[0150] The term "determine" or "determining" encompasses a wide variety of actions, and therefore "determining" can include calculation, operation, processing, deduction, investigation, examination (e.g., by examining tables, databases, or other data structures), judgment, and so on. Furthermore, "determining" can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and so on. Additionally, "determining" can include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other similar operations.

[0151] In the accompanying drawings, similar parts or features may have the same element symbols. Additionally, parts of the same type may be distinguished by a dash followed by a second reference numeral to differentiate between similar parts. If only the first element symbol is used in this specification, the description applies to any similar parts having the same first element symbol, without regard to the second element symbol or other subsequent element symbols.

[0152] The specification described herein, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, describes exemplary configurations and does not represent all instances that can be implemented or that fall within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "serving as an example, illustration, or description," and not "preferred" or "advantageous" relative to other examples. Specific details are included in the implementation to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques can be implemented without using these specific details. In some cases, to avoid obscuring the concept of the described examples, well-known structures and devices are illustrated in block diagram form.

[0153] The description herein is provided to enable those skilled in the art to implement or use the disclosed content. Various modifications to the content will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the overall principles defined herein can be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the content. Therefore, the content is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but rather conforms to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0154] 100: Wireless Communication System 105:Base station 105-a: Base station 110: Geographical coverage area 115:UE 115-a:UE 120: Backload Link 125: Communication Link 130: Core Network 135: Device-to-device (D2D) communication link 140: Access to network entities 145: Access to network transmission entities 150: IP Service 200: Wireless Communication System 205-a: Communication Beam 205-b: Communication Beam 205-c: Communication Beam 210-a: Communication beam 210-b: Communication Beam 210-c: Communication Beam 300: GSCN mode 310: GSCN mode 315-a: Empty symbol 315-b: Empty symbol 320-a: No transmission symbol 320-b: No transmission symbol 325:PSS 330: PBCH and DMRS symbols 335-a: PBCH and DMRS symbols 335-b: PBCH and DMRS symbols 340-a: No transmission symbol 340-b: No transmission symbol 345: SSS symbol 350: PBCH and DMRS symbols 400: Energy Mode 405: Signal 410: Signal Block 415: Spectrum Diagram 420: No transmission symbol 425: Gap symbol 430:PSS 435: PBCH and DMRS 440:SSS 445: Pattern 500: Processing Flow 505: Procedure 510: Program 515: Program 520: Program 525: Program 530: Program 600: Block Diagram 605: Equipment 610: Receiver 615: Launcher 620: Communication Manager 700: Block Diagram 705: Equipment 710: Receiver 715: Launcher 720: Communication Manager 725: Downlink signal receiver 730: Symbol Analysis Component 735: Energy Pattern Recognition Component 740: Connection Establishment Component 800: Block Diagram 820: Communication Manager 825: Downlink Signal Receiver 830: Symbol Analysis Component 835: Energy Pattern Recognition Component 840: Connection Establishment Component 845: Signal Sampling Register Component 850: Fast Fourier Transform Unit 855: Energy Calculation Component Frequency Compartment Identification Component 860: Time averaging component 865: Time averaging component 900: System 905: Equipment 910: Input / Output (I / O) Controller 915: Transceiver 920: Communication Manager 925: Antenna 930: Memory 935: Code 940: Processor 945: Busbar 1000: Method 1005: Square 1010: Square 1015: Square 1020: Square 1100: Method 1105: Square 1110: Square 1115: Square 1120: Square 1125: Square 1130: Square

[0155] Domestic storage information (please note in order of storage institution, date, and number) none Overseas storage information (please note in the order of storage country, institution, date, and number) none

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising the steps of: receiving a downlink signal including a synchronization signal block at a frequency corresponding to a global synchronization channel number, the synchronization signal block spanning a set of symbol periods in the time domain and a set of primary carriers in the frequency domain; analyzing a portion of each symbol period of the set of symbol periods in the time domain across a subset of the set of primary carriers in the frequency domain, wherein the step of analyzing the portion of each symbol period includes the steps of: obtaining one or more energy measurements during the portion of each symbol period; identifying an energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization signal block based at least in part on a comparison of the one or more energy measurements obtained from the analysis; and establishing a connection with a network entity based at least in part on the identified energy pattern.

2. The method according to claim 1 also includes the following steps: receiving the downlink signal including a first plurality of signal samples at a first frequency; and buffering a second plurality of signal samples, wherein the first plurality of signal samples is greater than the second plurality of signal samples.

3. The method according to claim 2 also includes the following steps: performing a fast Fourier transform on the second plurality of signal samples to identify a set of frequency blocks; and calculating an energy of each frequency block in the set of frequency blocks, wherein identifying the energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization signal block is at least partially based on calculating the energy of each frequency block, and wherein the one or more energy measurements obtained include the calculated energy of each frequency block in the set of frequency blocks.

4. The method according to request item 3 also includes the following steps: performing an average across the time domain to calculate the energy in each frequency bin of the frequency bin set over a symbol period in the symbol period set.

5. According to the method of request item 3, wherein each frequency module of the frequency module set is not temporally intersecting.

6. The method according to claim 2 also includes the following steps: performing a fast Fourier transform on the second plurality of signal samples to identify a set of frequency blocks; identifying one or more frequency blocks of the set of frequency blocks corresponding to a center frequency and bandwidth of the global synchronization channel number; and determining that an energy of a first frequency block of the set of frequency blocks is less than an energy of a second frequency block of the set of frequency blocks, wherein identifying the energy pattern corresponding to the comparison of the synchronization signal block and the one or more energy measurements is at least partially based on determining the energy of the first frequency block and the energy of the second frequency block, the one or more energy measurements including the energy of the first frequency block and the energy of the second frequency block.

7. The method according to request item 6, wherein the second frequency cell corresponds to a symbol period in the symbol period set.

8. According to the method of request item 1, wherein the energy mode corresponding to the synchronization signal block spans consecutive symbol periods.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the symbol period set includes an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol, and the portion of the symbol period of each symbol period in the symbol period set includes one-eighth of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol.

10. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: At least one processor, and memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor to cause the UE to: receive a downlink signal comprising a synchronization signal block at a frequency corresponding to a global synchronization channel number, the synchronization signal block spanning a set of symbol periods in the time domain and a set of primary carriers in the frequency domain; analyze a portion of each symbol period of the set of symbol periods in the time domain spanning a subset of the set of primary carriers in the frequency domain, wherein the operation of analyzing that portion of each symbol period includes: obtaining one or more energy measurements during that portion of each symbol period; identifying an energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization signal block based at least in part on a comparison of the one or more energy measurements obtained from the analysis; and establishing a connection with a network entity based at least in part on the identified energy pattern.

11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the instructions may also be executed by the processor to cause the UE to: receive the downlink signal including a first plurality of signal samples at a first frequency; and buffer a second plurality of signal samples, wherein the first plurality of signal samples is greater than the second plurality of signal samples.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the instructions may also be executed by the processor to cause the UE to: perform a fast Fourier transform of the second plurality of signal samples to identify a set of frequency blocks; and calculate an energy of each frequency block in the set of frequency blocks, wherein identifying the energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization signal block is at least partially based on calculating the energy of each frequency block, and wherein the one or more energy measurements obtained include the calculated energy of each frequency block in the set of frequency blocks.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the instructions may also be executed by the processor to cause the UE to: perform an averaging across the time domain to calculate the energy in each frequency bin of the frequency bin set over a symbol period in the symbol period set.

14. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein: Each frequency cell in this set is non-overlapping in time.

15. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the instructions may also be executed by the processor to cause the UE to: perform a fast Fourier transform of the second plurality of signal samples to identify a set of frequency blocks; identify one or more frequency blocks of the set of frequency blocks corresponding to a center frequency and bandwidth of the global synchronization channel number; and determine that an energy of a first frequency block of the set of frequency blocks is less than an energy of a second frequency block of the set of frequency blocks, wherein the energy pattern for identifying the comparison of the one or more energy measurements corresponding to the synchronization signal block is at least partially based on determining the energy of the first frequency block and the energy of the second frequency block, the one or more energy measurements including the energy of the first frequency block and the energy of the second frequency block.

16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the second frequency cell corresponds to a symbol period in the set of symbol periods.

17. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the energy mode corresponding to the synchronization signal block spans consecutive symbol periods.

18. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the symbol period set includes an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol, and the portion of the symbol period of each symbol period in the symbol period set includes one-eighth of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol.

19. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: A unit for receiving a downlink signal comprising a synchronization signal block at a frequency corresponding to a global synchronization channel number, the synchronization signal block spanning a set of symbol periods in the time domain and a set of carriers in the frequency domain. A unit for analyzing a portion of the symbol period of each of the symbol periods in the time domain across a subset of the subcarrier set in the frequency domain, wherein the operation of analyzing that portion of each symbol period includes: obtaining one or more energy measurements during that portion of each symbol period; A unit for identifying an energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization signal block based at least in part on a comparison of one or more energy measurements obtained from the analysis; and a unit for establishing a connection with a network entity based at least in part on the identified energy pattern.

20. The apparatus according to claim 19 also includes: A unit for receiving the downlink signal, including a first plurality of signal samples, at a first frequency; And a unit for buffering a second plurality of signal samples, wherein the first plurality of signal samples is greater than the second plurality of signal samples.

21. The apparatus according to claim 20 also includes: A fast Fourier transform is used to perform the second plurality of signal sampling to identify the cells of a frequency bin set; And a unit for calculating the energy of each frequency cell in the frequency cell set, wherein identifying the energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization signal block is at least partially based on calculating the energy of each frequency cell, and wherein the one or more energy measurements obtained include the calculated energy of each frequency cell in the frequency cell set.

22. The apparatus according to claim 21 also includes: A unit used to perform an average across the time domain to calculate the energy in each of the frequency bins in the set of frequency bins over a symbol period in the set of symbol periods.

23. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein: Each frequency cell in this set is non-overlapping in time.

24. The apparatus according to claim 20 also includes: A fast Fourier transform is used to perform the second plurality of signal sampling to identify the cells of a frequency bin set; A unit for identifying one or more frequency compartments of the frequency compartment set corresponding to the center frequency and bandwidth of the global synchronization channel number; and a unit for determining that an energy of a first frequency compartment of the frequency compartment set is less than an energy of a second frequency compartment of the frequency compartment set, wherein identifying the energy pattern corresponding to the comparison of the synchronization signal block and the one or more energy measurements is at least partially based on determining the energy of the first frequency compartment and the energy of the second frequency compartment, the one or more energy measurements including the energy of the first frequency compartment and the energy of the second frequency compartment.

25. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the code comprising instructions executable by at least one processor for: receiving a downlink signal comprising a synchronization signal block at a frequency corresponding to a global synchronization channel number, the synchronization signal block spanning a set of symbol periods in the time domain and a set of primary carriers in the frequency domain; analyzing a portion of each symbol period of the set of symbol periods in the time domain across a subset of the set of primary carriers in the frequency domain, wherein the operation of analyzing the portion of each symbol period comprises: obtaining one or more energy measurements during the portion of each symbol period; identifying an energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization signal block based at least in part on a comparison of the one or more energy measurements obtained from the analysis; and establishing a connection with a network entity based at least in part on the identified energy pattern.

26. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 25, wherein the instructions are also executable by the processor for: receiving the downlink signal including a first plurality of signal samples at a first frequency; and buffering a second plurality of signal samples, wherein the first plurality of signal samples is greater than the second plurality of signal samples.

27. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 26, wherein the instructions are also executable by the processor for: performing a fast Fourier transform of the second plurality of signal samples to identify a set of frequency blocks; and calculating an energy of each frequency block in the set of frequency blocks, wherein identifying the energy pattern corresponding to the synchronization signal block is at least partially based on calculating the energy of each frequency block, and wherein the one or more energy measurements obtained include the calculated energy of each frequency block in the set of frequency blocks.

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