Wireless network selection in international areas

Abstract

A method for radio communication by a user equipment (UE) includes the following steps: determining whether the UE is switching between an international area and a national area. The method also includes the following steps: in response to the UE having switched between an international area and a national area, triggering a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) selection for the network used to receive services. Another method for radio communication by a UE includes the following steps: performing a PLMN search for a higher priority PLMN. The method also includes the following steps: determining a list of candidate PLMNs based on the search. The method also includes the following steps: in response to the serving PLMN's identity not being a shared Mobile Country Code (MCC), selecting a PLMN from the list of candidate PLMNs. The candidate PLMN has the same MCC as the serving PLMN or a shared MCC. The selected PLMN has a higher priority than the serving PLMN.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 582,696, filed January 24, 2022, entitled "WIRELESS NETWORK SELECTION IN INTERNATIONAL AREAS," which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 273,877, filed October 29, 2021, entitled "WIRELESS NETWORK SELECTION IN INTERNATIONAL AREAS," the disclosures of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0002] In summary, the contents of this case pertain to wireless communications, and more specifically, to technologies and apparatuses for selecting networks for satellite access in international regions. Prior Technology

[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services such as telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems employ multiplexing access technologies that support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power). Examples of such multiplexing access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), and Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE / LTE-Enhanced is an enhancement set of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile service standard released by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0004] A wireless communication network may include multiple base stations (BSs) capable of supporting communication for multiple user equipments (UEs). UEs can communicate with base stations (BSs) via downlinks and uplinks. A downlink (or forward link) refers to the communication link from the BS to the UE, and an uplink (or reverse link) refers to the communication link from the UE to the BS. As will be described in more detail, a BS may be referred to as a Node B, gNB, Access Point (AP), Radio Headend, Transmit and Receive Point (TRP), New Radio (NR) BS, 5G Node B, etc.

[0005] The multiplexing access technology described above has been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that enables different user devices to communicate at the city, country, region, and even global levels. New Radio (NR) (which may also be referred to as 5G) is an enhancement set of the LTE mobile service standard released by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). NR is designed to better integrate with other open standards by improving spectrum efficiency, reducing costs, improving service, utilizing new spectrum, and using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with Cyclic Prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink (DL) and CP-OFDM and / or SC-FDM (e.g., also known as Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Spectrum OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink (UL), thereby better supporting mobile broadband internet access and supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology and carrier aggregation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In some embodiments of this case, a method for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE) includes the following steps: determining whether the UE is switching between an international area and a national area. The method also includes the following steps: in response to the UE having switched between the international area and the national area, triggering a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) selection for the network used to receive services.

[0007] In another embodiment of this case, a method for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE) includes the following steps: performing a PLMN search for a higher priority Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN). The method also includes the step of determining a list of candidate PLMNs based on the search. The method further includes the step of selecting a PLMN from the list of candidate PLMNs in response to the serving PLMN's identity not being a shared Mobile Country Code (MCC), such candidate PLMNs having the same MCC or a shared MCC as the serving PLMN. The selected PLMN has a higher priority than the serving PLMN.

[0008] Other aspects of this case relate to an apparatus for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), the apparatus having memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. The processor is configured to determine whether the UE is switching between an international area and a national area. The processor is also configured to, in response to the UE having switched between the international area and the national area, trigger a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) selection for the network used to receive services.

[0009] Other aspects of this case relate to an apparatus for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), the apparatus having memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. The processor is configured to perform a PLMN search for higher priority Public Land Operations Networks (PLMNs). The processor is also configured to determine a list of candidate PLMNs based on the search. The processor is further configured to select a PLMN from the list of candidate PLMNs in response to a serving PLMN not having a shared Operational Country Code (MCC), such candidate PLMNs having the same MCC or a shared MCC as the serving PLMN. The selected PLMN has a higher priority than the serving PLMN.

[0010] In general, the categories include methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, wireless communication equipment, and processing systems as fully described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings and description.

[0011] The foregoing has provided a fairly broad overview of the features and technical advantages of examples based on the content of this application, in order to better understand the specific implementation described below. Additional features and advantages will be described. The disclosed concepts and specific examples can be readily used as the basis for modifying or designing other structures for achieving the same purpose as the content of this application. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the disclosed concepts (both their organization and operation) and the associated advantages will be better understood when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, based on the description below. Each of the accompanying drawings is provided for illustrative and descriptive purposes and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims. Simple Explanation of the Diagram

[0012] A detailed description can be provided by referring to the various embodiments (some of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings) so that the features of the subject matter can be understood in detail. However, it should be noted that the accompanying drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the subject matter and are therefore not intended to limit the scope of the subject matter, as the description may allow for other equally valid embodiments. Identical element symbols in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0013] Figure 1 is a block diagram that conceptually illustrates examples of various types of wireless communication networks according to the content of this case.

[0014] Figure 2 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of communication between a base station and a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication network of various forms according to the contents of this case.

[0015] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating various deployment scenarios of non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) according to the content of this case.

[0016] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating various deployment scenarios of non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) according to the content of this case.

[0017] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating another deployment scenario of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) according to the content of this case.

[0018] Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating the Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) selection when the UE is located in an international area, according to various scenarios in this case.

[0019] Figure 7 is a flowchart illustrating the PLMN selection process when a UE is served by a PLMN with a shared Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) ID, according to various scenarios in this case.

[0020] Figure 8 is a flowchart illustrating exemplary processes performed by a user equipment (UE) according to various states of the present case.

[0021] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating another exemplary process performed by a user equipment (UE) according to various states of the present case.

[0022] Figure 10 is a flowchart illustrating another exemplary process performed, for example, by a user equipment (UE), according to various states of the present case. Implementation

[0023] The various forms of the present invention are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any particular structure or function presented herein. Rather, these forms are provided so that the present invention will be comprehensive and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. Based on this teaching, those skilled in the art should recognize that the scope of the present invention is intended to cover any form of the present invention, whether implemented independently of any other form of the present invention or in combination with any other form. For example, an apparatus or method can be implemented using any number of the forms described. Furthermore, the scope of the present invention is intended to cover such an apparatus or method practiced using structures, functions, or structures and functions other than or different from the various forms of the present invention described. It should be understood that any form of the disclosed present invention can be embodied by one or more elements of the claim.

[0024] Various devices and technologies will now be used to provide several prototypes of telecommunications systems. These devices and technologies will be described in detail below and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in the form of various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements can be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Whether such an element is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0025] It should be noted that although the various forms may be described using terms commonly associated with 5G and subsequent wireless technologies, the various forms of the content in this case can be applied to communication systems based on other generations (such as and including 3G and / or 4G technologies).

[0026] The various forms of this case provide for technologies used to perform selection of Public Terrestrial Mobile Networks (PLMNs) for access, for example, via non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) connected by satellite. As will be described, satellite coverage areas can span multiple countries and international regions. International regions include any area outside the jurisdiction of a country and may also be referred to as extraterritorial regions.

[0027] Typically, the conventional PLMN selection procedure is the procedure used by a User Equipment (UE) to select a network to reside on and receive services. The variations in this application address scenarios not covered by conventional procedures, such as when the UE is physically located in an international area, or when the UE is served by a PLMN with a shared PLMN identity (ID), or when radio cells are deployed to cover a geographical area located in an international area. The described techniques can, for example, be deployed by the UE to perform PLMN selection for NTN (e.g., satellite) access. In some cases, NTN access can be considered as a Radio Access Technology (RAT) separate from terrestrial access.

[0028] Based on the various scenarios for UEs located in international areas as described in this case, if the UE is returning to coverage, the UE can apply the first option, which includes triggering PLMN selection after leaving or entering the international area. In the second option, the UE can also prioritize the Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN) list or the Equivalent Home Public Land Network (EHPLMN) list over the most recently registered PLMN. This second option can occur in addition to or instead of the first option. Alternatively, the UE can use a separate international PLMN selector list or rely on an indication of whether the PLMN intends to provide international access (i.e., when coverage from the PLMN extends into the international area) to implement the third option. Alternatively, in the fourth option, the UE can delete the Equivalent PLMN list. If periodic searches for high-priority PLMNs (HP-PLMNs) occur while the UE is roaming, the UE can apply the fifth option, where the UE does not restrict searches based on the Mobile Country Code (MCC).

[0029] When a UE is served by a PLMN with a shared PLMN ID (e.g., an Operation Country Code (MCC) starting with 9, such as 9xx), the UE can be within or outside an international area. In either case, an improved PLMN selection procedure would be beneficial. According to various embodiments of this application, if the UE is served by a PLMN with a shared PLMN ID, during a PLMN search for a high-priority public land operations network (HP-PLMN), the UE does not eliminate candidate PLMNs with an MCC different from the serving PLMN. This applies to both international and national (e.g., national) PLMN selection. Alternatively, the UE can use a separate list of international PLMN selectors or rely on indications regarding whether the PLMN intends to target international access to implement a third option.

[0030] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating various forms of network 100 in which the content of this invention can be practiced. Network 100 can be a 5G or NR network or some other wireless network (such as an LTE network). Wireless network 100 can include multiple BS 110s (shown as BS 110a, BS 110b, BS 110c, and BS 110d) and other network entities. A BS is an entity that communicates with a user equipment (UE) and can also be referred to as a base station, NR BS, Node B, gNB, 5G Node B (NB), access point, transmit and receive point (TRP), etc. Each BS can provide communication coverage for a specific geographic area. In 3GPP, the term "cell" can refer to the coverage area of ​​a BS and / or the BS subsystem serving that coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.

[0031] A BS can provide communication coverage for macrocells, picocells, femtocells, and / or another type of cell. Macrocells can cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and can allow unrestricted access by UEs with a service subscription. Picocells can cover a relatively small geographic area and can allow unrestricted access by UEs with a service subscription. Femtocells can cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a residential area) and can allow restricted access by UEs associated with that femtocell (e.g., UEs in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG)). A BS used for macrocells can be referred to as a macro BS. A BS used for picocells can be referred to as a pico BS. A BS used for femtocells can be referred to as a femto BS or a home BS. In the example illustrated in Figure 1, BS 110a can be a macro BS for macrocell 102a, BS 110b can be a pico BS for picocell 102b, and BS 110c can be a femto BS for femtocell 102c. A BS can support one or more (e.g., three) cells. The terms "eNB", "base station", "NR BS", "gNB", "TRP", "AP", "node B", "5G NB" and "cell" can be used interchangeably.

[0032] In some states, cells may not be stationary, and the geographic area of ​​a cell may move depending on the location of the active BS. In some states, BSs may interconnect with each other and / or with one or more other BSs or network nodes (not shown) in the wireless network 100 via various types of backhaul interfaces (e.g., direct physical connections, virtual networks, and / or similar interfaces using any suitable transport network).

[0033] Wireless network 100 may also include a relay station. A relay station is an entity that can receive data transmissions from an upstream station (e.g., a BS or a UE) and send data transmissions to a downstream station (e.g., a UE or a BS). A relay station may also be a UE capable of relaying transmissions for other UEs. In the example illustrated in Figure 1, relay station 110d can communicate with macro BS 110a and UE 120d to facilitate communication between BS 110a and UE 120d. A relay station may also be referred to as a relay BS, relay base station, repeater, etc.

[0034] Wireless network 100 can be a heterogeneous network comprising different types of Base Stations (BSs) (e.g., macro BSs, pico BSs, femto BSs, repeater BSs, etc.). These different types of BSs can have different transmission power levels, different coverage areas, and different effects on interference in wireless network 100. For example, macro BSs can have high transmission power levels (e.g., 5 to 40 watts), while pico BSs, femto BSs, and repeater BSs can have lower transmission power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts).

[0035] As an example, BS 110 (shown as BS 110a, BS 110b, BS 110c, and BS 110d) and core network 130 can exchange communication via backhaul link 132 (e.g., S1, etc.). Base station 110 can communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130) via other backhaul links (e.g., X2, etc.).

[0036] The core network 130 may be an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), which may include at least one Mobility Management Entity (MME), at least one Service Gateway (S-GW), and at least one Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW). The MME may be a control node that handles signaling between UE 120 and the EPC. All user IP packets may be transmitted via the S-GW, which itself may be connected to the P-GW. The P-GW may provide IP address allocation and other functions. The P-GW may be connected to the IP services of a network service provider. The IP services of the service provider may include the Internet, intranet, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), and Packet Switching (PS) streaming services.

[0037] Core network 130 can provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, IP connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. One or more of base stations 110 or access node controllers (ANCs) can interface with core network 130 via backhaul links 132 (e.g., S1, S2, etc.) and can perform radio configuration and scheduling to communicate with UE 120. In some configurations, the various functions of each access network entity or base station 110 can be distributed or consolidated across various network devices (e.g., radio heads and access network controllers) into a single network device (e.g., base station 110).

[0038] UE 120 (e.g., 120a, 120b, 120c) may be distributed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE may be stationary or mobile. UE may also be referred to as an access terminal, terminal, mobile station, user unit, station, etc. UE may be a cellular telephone (e.g., a smartphone), personal digital assistant (PDA), wireless modem, wireless communication device, handheld device, laptop, wireless telephone, wireless loopback (WLL) station, tablet device, camera, gaming device, laptop, smart computer, ultrabook, medical device or apparatus, biometric sensor / device, wearable device (smartwatch, smart clothing, smart glasses, smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., smart ring, smart bracelet, etc.)), entertainment device (e.g., music or video device, or satellite radio unit, etc.), vehicle component or sensor, smart instrument / sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, GPS device, or any other suitable device configured to communicate via wireless or wired media.

[0039] One or more UEs 120 can establish Protocol Data Unit (PDU) communication periods for network slices. In some cases, UE 120 can select network slices based on applications or subscription services. By serving different network slices for different applications or subscriptions, UE 120 can improve its resource utilization in the radio network 100 while also meeting the performance specifications of each application of UE 120. In some cases, the network slices used by UE 120 can be served by an AMF (not shown in Figure 1) associated with one or both of base station 110 or core network 130. In addition, the communication period management of network slices can be performed by the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF).

[0040] UE 120 may include PLMN selection module 140. For simplicity, only one UE 120d is shown as including PLMN selection module 140. PLMN selection module 140 can determine whether the UE is switching between international and national regions. PLMN selection module 140 can also trigger a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) selection in response to the UE having already switched between international and national regions. PLMN selection module 140 can perform a PLMN search for higher priority Public Land Mobile Networks (PLMNs). PLMN selection module 140 can also determine a list of candidate PLMNs based on this search. PLMN selection module 140 can select a PLMN from the list of candidate PLMNs in response to the serving PLMN not being a Shared Operations Country Code (MCC).

[0041] Some UEs can be considered Machine-Type Communications (MTC) or Evolved or Enhanced Machine-Type Communications (eMTC) UEs. MTC and eMTC UEs include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, location tags, etc., which can communicate with a base station, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. Wireless nodes can provide connectivity to or to a network (e.g., a wide area network such as the Internet or cellular networks) via wired or wireless communication links, for example. Some UEs can be considered Internet of Things (IoT) devices and / or can be implemented as NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things) devices. Some UEs can be considered Customer Premises Equipment (CPE). UE 120 can be included within a housing that houses the components of UE 120 (such as processor components, memory components, etc.).

[0042] Typically, any number of wireless networks can be deployed in a given geographical area. Each wireless network can support a specific Radio Access Technology (RAT) and can operate on one or more frequencies. RATs can also be referred to as radio technologies, air interfaces, etc. Frequencies can also be referred to as carriers, frequency channels, etc. Each frequency can support a single RAT in a given geographical area to avoid interference between wireless networks using different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks can be deployed.

[0043] In some configurations, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using base station 110 as an intermediary for communication). For example, UE 120 may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocols (e.g., which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, mesh networks, etc.). In this case, UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations described elsewhere as being performed by base station 110. For example, base station 110 may configure UE 120 via downlink control information (DCI), radio resource control (RRC) signaling, media access control-control element (MAC-CE), or via system information (e.g., system information block (SIB)).

[0044] As noted above, Figure 1 is provided only as an example. Other examples may differ from those described with respect to Figure 1.

[0045] Figure 2 illustrates a block diagram of a design 200 for a base station 110 and a UE 120 (which can be one of the base stations and one of the UEs in Figure 1). The base station 110 can be equipped with T antennas 234a to 234t, and the UE 120 can be equipped with R antennas 252a to 252r, where generally, T ≥ 1 and R ≥ 1.

[0046] At base station 110, transmission processor 220 can receive data for one or more UEs from data source 212, select one or more modulation and decoding schemes (MCS) for each UE based at least in part on Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) received from each UE, process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for each UE based at least in part on the MCS selected for each UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. Reducing the number of MCSs decreases the throughput but increases transmission reliability. Transmission processor 220 can also process system information (e.g., semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) and other information) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, permission, upper-layer signaling, etc.), and provide management burden symbols and control symbols. Transmission processor 220 can also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). The Transmit (TX) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) processor 230 can perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding, if applicable) on data symbols, control symbols, management burden symbols, and / or reference symbols, and can provide T output symbol streams to T modulators (MODs) 232a to 232t. Each modulator 232 can (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) process its corresponding output symbol stream to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator 232 can further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The T downlink signals from modulators 232a to 232t can be transmitted via T antennas 234a to 234t respectively. According to the various states described in more detail below, position coding can be used to generate synchronization signals to transmit additional information.

[0047] At UE 120, antennas 252a to 252r can receive downlink signals from base station 110 and / or other base stations, and can provide the received signals to demodulators (DEMODs) 254a to 254r respectively. Each demodulator 254 can adjust (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) the received signal to obtain an input sample. Each demodulator 254 can further process the input sample (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols. MIMO detector 256 can obtain received symbols from all R demodulators 254a to 254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols (if applicable), and provide the detected symbols. Receiver processor 258 can process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for UE 120 to data slot 260, and provide decoded control information and system information to controller / processor 280. The channel processor can determine the Received Reference Power (RSRP), Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Received Reference Quality (RSRQ), Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), etc. In some configurations, one or more components of the UE 120 may be included in the housing.

[0048] On the uplink, at UE 120, transmission processor 264 can receive and process data from data source 262 and control information from controller / processor 280 (e.g., for reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, etc.). Transmission processor 264 can also generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. Symbols from transmission processor 264 can be pre-encoded (if applicable) by TX MIMO processor 266, further processed by modulators 254a to 254r (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM, CP-OFDM, etc.), and transmitted to base station 110. At base station 110, uplink signals from UE 120 and other UEs can be received by antenna 234, processed by demodulator 254, detected by MIMO detector 236 (if applicable), and further processed by receiver processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by UE 120. The receiver processor 238 can provide decoded data to the data slot 239 and decoded control information to the controller / processor 240. The base station 110 may include a communication unit 244 and communicates with the core network 130 via the communication unit 244. The core network 130 may include a communication unit 294, a controller / processor 290, and memory 292.

[0049] The controller / processor 240 of base station 110, the controller / processor 280 of UE 120, and / or any other element in Figure 2 can perform one or more techniques associated with PLMN selection, as described in more detail elsewhere. For example, the controller / processor 240 of base station 110, the controller / processor 280 of UE 120, and / or any other element in Figure 2 can perform or direct operations such as those of Figures 6-10 and / or other processes as described. Memory 242 and 282 can store data and program code for base station 110 and UE 120, respectively. Scheduler 246 can schedule the UE for data transmission on the downlink and / or uplink.

[0050] In some configurations, UE 120 may include components for decision-making, handover, selection, triggering, prioritization, deletion, acquisition, and / or reception. Such components may include one or more elements of UE 120 as described in conjunction with FIG. 2.

[0051] As noted above, Figure 2 is provided only as an example. Other examples may differ from those described with respect to Figure 2.

[0052] The various forms of this case provide techniques for performing PLMN selection for, for example, access via a non-terrestrial network (NTN) via satellite. As will be described, satellite coverage areas can span multiple countries and international regions. International regions include any area outside the jurisdiction of a country and may also be referred to as extraterritorial regions.

[0053] Typically, the conventional PLMN selection procedure is the procedure used by a UE to select a network to reside on and receive services (e.g., as specified in 3GPP TS 23.122). The variations in this application address scenarios not covered by conventional procedures, such as when the UE is physically located in an international area, or when the UE is served by a PLMN with a shared PLMN identity (ID). A shared PLMN ID has a three-digit Operational Country Code (MCC) starting with nine, such as 9xx, where x can be any value. A shared PLMN ID can also be referred to as a global PLMN ID.

[0054] Based on the various aspects of this case, a new branch of the PLMN selection procedure is introduced. The UE first determines whether it is located within an international area. If so, the UE follows the new PLMN selection procedure. If not, the UE follows the traditional PLMN selection procedure.

[0055] Traditional PLMN selection procedures can be triggered in one of two ways. The first way is to return from a loss of coverage situation, such as when the UE powers on or loses and regains service. In this scenario, PLMNs are selected in a specific order. The UE will first select the last registered PLMN (if available). If that PLMN is unavailable, the UE proceeds down the ordered PLMN list to select in the following order: i) The PLMN to which the PLMN belongs (HPLMN) (if the equivalent HPLMN (EHPLMN) list does not exist or is empty) or the highest priority EHPLMN available (if the EHPLMN list exists); ii) Each combination of PLMN and / or Radio Access Technology (RAT) in the "User-Controlled PLMN Selector with Access Technology" data file in the User Identity Module (SIM) (e.g., in priority order); iii) Each PLMN and / or radio access technology combination (e.g., in priority order) in the "PLMN Selector with Access Technology Controlled by Service Provider" data file in the SIM, or each PLMN and / or radio access technology combination (e.g., in priority order) in the "PLMN Selector with Access Technology Controlled by Service Provider" data file stored in the UE; iv) Other PLMN and / or radio access technology combinations with high signal quality reception (e.g., in random order); or v) Other PLMN and / or radio access technology combinations (in order of degrading signal quality).

[0056] When a UE is currently served by a PLMN, for example, when the UE is roaming, another traditional PLMN selection procedure is triggered periodically. That is, the roaming UE periodically searches for a higher priority PLMN and reselects a higher priority PLMN in the same country as the serving (current) PLMN (e.g., based on the same priority selection as the PLMN after returning from coverage loss). In some cases, the UE may also consider PLMNs in the equivalent PLMN list provided by the serving PLMN (e.g., using Non-Access Stratum (NAS) protocol signaling during the registration procedure).

[0057] In some cases, it may be beneficial to modify the traditional PLMN selection procedure to accommodate UEs in international areas or UEs served by a PLMN with a shared PLMN ID (e.g., with non-terrestrial network (NTN) access). Various NTN deployments including satellite networks are described with reference to Figures 3, 4, and 5.

[0058] Figures 3 and 4 illustrate various deployment scenarios of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) according to the content of this case. Figure 3 illustrates a deployment where NTN cells cover a country (e.g., country A) and its contiguous waters. Typically, contiguous waters extend up to 200 miles from the coast of a given country. This situation is referred to as leakage into international waters. Different scenarios exist for broadcasting a PLMN ID in this deployment. In the first scenario, the broadcast PLMN ID has the Operational Country Code (MCC) for country A. In another scenario, the PLMN ID includes the MCC for country A and a shared MCC reserved for international waters.

[0059] Figure 4 illustrates a deployment of NTN cell coverage targeting only international waters. In this deployment, there is a possibility of leakage into adjacent contiguous waters of country A. PLMN IDs can be broadcast according to different scenarios. In the first scenario, the PLMN ID includes the service provider's home country's MCC. In the second scenario, it includes a shared MCC. In the third scenario, it includes both the service provider's home country's MCC and a shared MCC reserved for international waters.

[0060] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating another deployment scenario of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) according to the content of this case. Figure 5 illustrates a conventional satellite-based deployment scenario via satellite 506 for use with ships (e.g., ship 502) and aircraft (not shown). In this case, the satellite link is used only for backhaul. Furthermore, 3GPP access can be provided by an onboard radio access network (RAN) 504. This deployment would be suitable for international waters and / or airspace (e.g., if ship 502 is replaced by an aircraft). Additionally, this deployment may experience little or no cross-border leakage or PLMN ID usage issues.

[0061] Considering the various issues present in the aforementioned deployments, it may be advantageous to implement a modified version of the PLMN selection procedure for the UE to access networks, such as NTNs, from within an international region or when the UE is served by a PLMN with a shared PLMN ID. As will be described, the UE can generate a list of available PLMNs that it is allowed to select from within an international region or when the UE is served by a PLMN with a shared PLMN ID, and perform PLMN selection based on the new list. Other solutions, such as triggering PLMN selection when switching between international and national regions, will also be described.

[0062] The described technology can be deployed by the UE, for example, to perform PLMN selection for NTN (e.g., satellite) access. In some cases, NTN access can be considered a separate radio access technology (RAT) from terrestrial access. Compared to terrestrial access, NTN access can use a separate frequency band.

[0063] Additionally, it can be assumed that the UE performing PLMN selection for non-terrestrial (satellite) access is configured with "User-controlled PLMN selectors with access technology" and / or "Service provider-controlled PLMN selectors with access technology" files in the Universal SIM (USIM). Each of these files may contain a prioritized (e.g., ordered) list of PLMNs with corresponding supported RATs.

[0064] Typically, the PLMN selection process can be performed at the NAS agreement layer. As mentioned earlier, each PLMN can broadcast its own identity (e.g., PLMN ID) in the system information, which includes the MCC that uniquely defines the PLMN's country. Therefore, lower layers (e.g., the Access Layer (AS)) can scan for available networks and provide a list of available PLMNs along with the RAT to the NAS layer. PLMN IDs with shared MCCs (e.g., 9xx) are not associated with any particular country. These PLMN IDs are used for international regions, but are not limited to them.

[0065] During traditional periodic PLMN searches targeting high-priority PLMNs (HP-PLMNs), the UE eliminates candidate PLMNs with an MCC different from the serving PLMN. The rationale is to limit the search to the same country. This should not occur if the UE knows it is located within an international region. According to the variations in this case, during HP-PLMN searches, the UE does not limit the search to the same MCC as the serving PLMN. For example, if the serving PLMN's identity is not a shared MCC, the UE selects from candidate PLMNs with an MCC that is the same as or shares the same MCC as the serving PLMN. The selected PLMN has a higher priority than the serving PLMN. If the serving PLMN's identity is a shared MCC, the UE selects from candidate PLMNs with a shared MCC or an MCC corresponding to the country where the UE is currently geographically located.

[0066] During a traditional periodic PLMN search for a high-priority PLMN (HP-PLMN), the UE considers a list of equivalent PLMNs provided by the serving PLMN. This should not occur if the UE is in an international area and has not selected a serving PLMN. For example, the UE might be a Canadian customer departing from a port in the United States. In this case, the list of equivalent PLMNs provided by the last serving PLMN in the United States might be invalid for the Canadian customer in international waters. According to the specifics of this case, upon entering an international area, the UE removes the list of equivalent PLMNs provided by the last serving PLMN before selecting a PLMN.

[0067] Currently, the UE always considers the last registered PLMN (RPLMN) as the highest priority for PLMN selection. This should not be the case by default when switching to or from an international area. For example, the UE might be a Canadian customer departing from a port in the United States. In this case, when in international waters, the customer might prefer a Canadian PLMN rather than a US PLMN serving the port. According to the provisions of this case, the UE does not consider the RPLMN as the highest priority PLMN when switching to or from an international area. Instead, the UE considers the HPLMN list or EHPLMN list (obtained from the USIM) as the highest priority for PLMN selection after power-on. Therefore, the UE can choose not to select an RPLMN because the UE is switching to / from an international area.

[0068] In another embodiment of this case, the UE triggers PLMN selection when it finds itself within an international area. The UE also triggers PLMN selection when it leaves the international area. This new triggering can be used for PLMN selection after recovery from a lack of coverage. Such new triggering can be in addition to traditional triggering.

[0069] In some scenarios when switching to or from an international area, the UE can perform PLMN selection in a manner similar to PLMN selection after power-on or recovery from a lack of coverage. For example, when the UE finds itself outside the coverage of an RPLMN for a period of time, the UE will declare an "Out of Service" (OOS) state. The UE considers itself to have deregistered from the RPLMN and performs PLMN selection. The UE first performs a PLMN search (also known as a PLMN scan) and builds a list of candidate PLMNs based on the search. According to this scenario, if an RPLMN is in the candidate list, it is considered the highest priority PLMN candidate. If an RPLMN is not in the candidate list, the UE follows a priority list, such as a list stored in the USIM.

[0070] In other scenarios, such as switching to or from an international region, the UE can perform PLMN selection in a manner similar to when completing a periodic search for a higher priority PLMN. For example, when registering with a serving PLMN that is not the highest priority PLMN (e.g., HPLMN or EHPLMN), the UE periodically performs a higher priority (HP) PLMN scan. The search period is determined by the UE, where the network sets a minimum value for that period (minimum periodic search timer). After each search, the UE builds a candidate PLMN list. According to this scenario, only PLMNs with the same MCC as the serving PLMN are retained in the candidate list unless a shared MCC exists. The UE then follows the priority list to select the highest priority PLMN.

[0071] Currently, when the UE is in an international region rather than within a country, there is no way to define different PLMN priorities for PLMN selection. According to various embodiments of this application, the UE has a separate PLMN selector list in the USIM designated for the international region. This separate international list can have a different priority order than the traditional PLMN selector list. Alternatively, a new indication regarding the selection of a PLMN in an international region can be added to the traditional PLMN selector list. According to various embodiments of this application, for radio cells deployed to cover geographical areas located in an international region, the broadcast channel of the PLMN radio cell can include an indication regarding the radio cell's PLMN's intention for international access. In other embodiments, this indication can be obtained from the USIM. Upon receiving this indication, the UE can consider the radio cell's PLMN as intending for international access. For example, this embodiment can be applied to the scenario shown in Figure 5. In some embodiments, the new indication can be implemented as a binary flag. In other embodiments, the new indication can be implemented as an MCC associated with the international region.

[0072] Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating the Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) selection process when the UE is located in an international area, according to various scenarios described in this case. At block 610, PLMN selection begins. For example, selection may begin based on coverage loss (e.g., during power-on) or roaming. At block 620, the UE determines its physical location. At block 630, based on that location, the UE determines whether it is located in an international area. If not, conventional PLMN selection occurs at block 640. If the UE is located in an international area, at block 650, the logic follows a separate branch of the PLMN selection procedure, where the UE begins the international PLMN selection procedure.

[0073] For example, if the UE is outside coverage, it can apply the first option, which includes triggering PLMN selection after leaving or entering an international area. In the second option, the UE can also treat the HPLMN or EHLMN list as the highest priority, rather than the most recently registered PLMN. This second option can occur in addition to or instead of the first option. Alternatively, the UE can use a separate international PLMN selector list or rely on indications regarding whether a PLMN is intended for international access to implement the third option. Alternatively, in the fourth option, the UE can delete an equivalent PLMN list. If periodic searches for higher-priority PLMNs occur, the UE can apply the fifth option, where the UE does not restrict searches based on MCC.

[0074] When a UE is served by a PLMN with a shared PLMN ID (e.g., with MCC 9xx), the UE can be within or outside an international region. In either case, an improved PLMN selection procedure would be beneficial. Problems with the conventional PLMN selection procedure in this scenario include: during periodic PLMN searches for HP-PLMNs, the UE eliminates candidate PLMNs with an MCC different from the serving PLMN. The rationale is to limit the search to the same country. This should not occur if the serving PLMN has a shared PLMN ID (e.g., where the MCC is 9xx) or if the candidate PLMN has a shared PLMN ID. According to the variations in this case, if the UE is served by a PLMN with a shared PLMN ID, the UE does not eliminate candidate PLMNs with an MCC different from the serving PLMN during PLMN searches for HP-PLMNs. In addition to PLMNs with shared MCCs, the UE can also select PLMNs with MCCs corresponding to the UE's country. Furthermore, if the serving PLMN is not a shared MCC, the UE can select either a PLMN with the same MCC as the serving PLMN or a PLMN with a shared MCC. This applies to both PLMN selection within an international region and within a country. Alternatively, the UE can use a separate list of international PLMN selectors or rely on indications regarding whether the PLMN is intended for international access.

[0075] Figure 7 is a flowchart illustrating the PLMN selection process for a UE when served by a PLMN with a shared Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) ID, according to various scenarios described in this case. At block 710, PLMN selection begins. For example, selection can begin based on UE roaming. At block 720, the UE determines its physical location. At block 730, based on this location, the UE determines whether it is located in an international area. If not, at block 740, the PLMN selection procedure occurs when the UE is within a country. If the UE is located in an international area, at block 750, the UE begins the international PLMN selection procedure.

[0076] At both blocks 740 and 750, the UE can apply the sixth option. During the traditional periodic PLMN search for a high-priority PLMN (HP-PLMN), the UE eliminates candidate PLMNs with an MCC different from the serving PLMN. According to various embodiments of this application, during the PLMN search for an HP-PLMN, the UE does not restrict the search to the same MCC as the serving PLMN. This option applies regardless of whether the UE is in an international region. More specifically, this option applies when the UE is being served using a shared PLMN ID. Alternatively, the UE can implement the third option using a separate international PLMN selector list or relying on indications regarding whether the PLMN is intended for international access.

[0077] As noted above, Figures 3-7 are provided as examples. Other examples may differ from those described with respect to Figures 3-7.

[0078] Figure 8 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process 800 performed by a UE, for example, according to various states of the present case. Exemplary process 800 is an example of wireless network selection for satellite access in an international area.

[0079] As shown in Figure 8, in some configurations, process 800 may include performing a PLMN search for a higher priority Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) (block 802). For example, the UE (e.g., using antenna 252, DEMOD / MOD 254, MIMO detector 256, TX MIMO processor 266, receiver processor 258, transmitter processor 264, controller / processor 280, and / or memory 282) may perform a PLMN search. In some configurations, a PLMN search is performed in response to a determination that the UE is located within an international area. PLMNs can provide non-terrestrial network access.

[0080] In some configurations, process 800 may also include determining a list of candidate PLMNs based on a search (block 804). For example, the UE (e.g., using controller / processor 280 and / or memory 282) may determine the list of candidate PLMNs based on a search. In some configurations, the identity of the serving PLMN includes a shared Operational Country Code (MCC). In other configurations, at least one identity of the candidate PLMN includes an MCC. The shared MCC may be in the range of 900 to 999.

[0081] In some configurations, process 800 may also include: in response to the serving PLMN's identity not being a shared Operational Country Code (MCC), selecting a PLMN from a list of candidate PLMNs. The candidate PLMN has the same MCC as the serving PLMN or a shared MCC. The selected PLMN has a higher priority than the serving PLMN (block 806). At least one of the candidate PLMNs has an Operational Country Code (MCC) different from the serving PLMN's identity. For example, a UE (e.g., using antenna 252, DEMOD / MOD 254, MIMO detector 256, TX MIMO processor 266, receiver processor 258, transmitter processor 264, controller / processor 280, and / or memory 282) can select a PLMN. In some configurations, the selection of a PLMN is made from a list dedicated to international area searches. In other configurations, the selection of a PLMN is based on an indication that the PLMN is eligible for selection in an international area. When the identity of the serving PLMN includes a shared MCC, the candidate PLMN list can include candidate PLMNs with a shared MCC or an MCC corresponding to the country where the UE is located.

[0082] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process 900 performed by a UE, for example, according to various states of the present case. Exemplary process 900 is an example of wireless network selection for satellite access in an international area.

[0083] As shown in Figure 9, in some configurations, process 900 may include: determining whether the UE switches between an international region and a national region (block 902). For example, the UE (e.g., using antenna 252, DEMOD / MOD 254, MIMO detector 256, TX MIMO processor 266, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, controller / processor 280, and / or memory 282) may determine whether the UE switches between an international region and a national region. The UE may determine that it is located in an international region and subsequently select a PLMN from a list dedicated to international region searches. The UE may determine that it is located in an international region and subsequently select a PLMN based on indications regarding the PLMN's eligibility for selection in the international region. In some configurations, the PLMN selection is for non-terrestrial network (NTN) access.

[0084] In some configurations, process 900 may also include: in response to the UE switching between an international area and a national area, triggering a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) selection for the network receiving service (block 904). For example, the UE (e.g., using antenna 252, DEMOD / MOD 254, MIMO detector 256, TX MIMO processor 266, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, controller / processor 280, and / or memory 282) may trigger PLMN selection. In some configurations, during PLMN selection, a high-priority PLMN list takes precedence over the most recently registered PLMN. The high-priority PLMN list may include a Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN) list. The high-priority PLMN list may include an Equivalent Home Public Land Mobile Network (EHPLMN) list. In some configurations, the UE may remove the Equivalent Public Land Mobile Network list received from the last serving PLMN before PLMN selection.

[0085] Figure 10 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process 1000 performed by a UE, for example, according to various states of this case. Exemplary process 1000 is an example of wireless network selection for satellite access in an international area. As shown in Figure 10, in some states, process 1000 may include: determining whether the UE is located in an international area (block 1002). For example, the UE (e.g., using antenna 252, DEMOD / MOD 254, MIMO detector 256, TX MIMO processor 266, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, controller / processor 280, and / or memory 282) may determine where the UE is located. In some states, process 1000 may also include: the UE receiving an indication regarding the eligibility of a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) for selection in an international area (block 1004). For example, the UE (e.g., using antenna 252, DEMOD / MOD 254, MIMO detector 256, receiver processor 258, controller / processor 280, and / or memory 282) can receive the instruction. In some versions, process 1000 may also include selecting a PLMN based on an instruction regarding the PLMN's eligibility for use in an international region (block 1006). For example, the UE (e.g., using controller / processor 280 and / or memory 282) can select a PLMN. Exemplary state

[0086] Sample 1: A method for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE) includes the following steps: determining whether the UE is switching between an international area and a national area; in response to the UE having switched between the international area and the national area, triggering a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) selection for the network used to receive services.

[0087] State 2: According to the method of State 1, it also includes the following steps: during PLMN selection, the list of high-priority PLMNs takes precedence over the most recently registered PLMN (RPLMN).

[0088] Sample 3: According to the method of Sample 1 or 2, wherein the high priority PLMN list includes the Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN) list.

[0089] Sample 4: According to the method of either Sample 1 or 2 above, wherein the high priority PLMN list includes the equivalent home public land mobile network (EHPLMN) list.

[0090] Version 5: The method according to any of the foregoing versions also includes the following steps: deleting the list of equivalent public land mobile networks received from the last serving PLMN before the PLMN is selected.

[0091] State 6: According to any of the aforementioned states, the method of performing the PLMN selection also includes: assigning the most recently registered PLMN (RPLMN) to a priority level lower than the highest priority.

[0092] State 7: According to any of the aforementioned states, the method of performing the PLMN selection also includes: selecting a PLMN with a higher priority than the most recently registered PLMN (RPLMN).

[0093] State 8: According to any of the aforementioned states, wherein the PLMN selection is for non-terrestrial network (NTN) access.

[0094] State 9: According to any of the aforementioned states, the PLMN is selected from the most recently registered PLMN (RPLMN) when available, before being selected from the ordered PLMN list.

[0095] State 10: The method of any one of the aforementioned states 1-8, wherein the PLMN is selected from a list generated during a high-priority PLMN scan.

[0096] State 11: The method according to any of the aforementioned states, wherein the PLMN selection is based on a PLMN selection procedure defined for power-on or recovery from lack of coverage.

[0097] State 12: The method according to any one of the aforementioned states 1-10, wherein the PLMN selection is based on a PLMN selection procedure that occurs after a periodic search for higher priority PLMNs is completed.

[0098] Sample 13: A method for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE) includes the following steps: performing a PLMN search for a higher priority public terrestrial mobile network (PLMN); determining a list of candidate PLMNs based on the search; and in response to the fact that the identity of the serving PLMN is not a shared mobile country code (MCC), selecting a PLMN from the list of candidate PLMNs, wherein the candidate PLMNs have the same MCC or a shared MCC as the identity of the serving PLMN, and the selected PLMN has a higher priority than the serving PLMN.

[0099] State 14: According to the method of State 13, when the identity of the serving PLMN includes a shared MCC, the candidate PLMN list includes candidate PLMNs that have the shared MCC or an MCC corresponding to the country where the UE is located.

[0100] Version 15: According to the method of Version 13 or 14, it also includes the following steps: initiating the registration process with the selected PLMN.

[0101] State 16: According to any one of the states 13-15, in response to the determination that the UE is located in an international area, the PLMN search is performed.

[0102] Format 17: According to any one of Formats 13-16, wherein the identity of the service PLMN includes the shared MCC.

[0103] State 18: According to the method of any one of states 13-17, wherein the identity of at least one of the candidate PLMNs includes the shared MCC.

[0104] State 19: The method according to any one of states 13-18, wherein the shared MCC is in the range of 900 to 999.

[0105] Sample 20: The method according to any one of Samples 13-19, wherein at least one of the candidate PLMNs provides non-terrestrial network access.

[0106] Sample 21: The method according to any one of Samples 13-20 also includes the following steps: selecting the PLMN based on instructions regarding its eligibility for use in an international region.

[0107] Sample 22: An apparatus for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory, the at least one processor being configured to: determine whether the UE is switching between an international area and a national area; and in response to the UE having switched between the international area and the national area, trigger Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) selection for receiving services.

[0108] State 23: The apparatus according to State 22, wherein the at least one processor is also configured to perform the PLMN selection by assigning the most recently registered PLMN (RPLMN) to a priority level lower than the highest priority.

[0109] State 24: A device according to either State 22 or 23, wherein the at least one processor is also configured to: perform the PLMN selection, which also includes: selecting a PLMN having a higher priority than the most recently registered PLMN (RPLMN).

[0110] State 25: A device according to any one of states 22-24, wherein the PLMN selection is for non-terrestrial network (NTN) access.

[0111] State 26: A device according to any one of states 22-25, wherein the PLMN selection is based on a PLMN selection procedure defined for power-on or recovery from lack of coverage.

[0112] State 27: The apparatus according to any one of states 22-26, wherein the PLMN selection is based on a PLMN selection procedure that occurs after a periodic search for higher priority PLMNs is completed.

[0113] Sample 28: An apparatus for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory, the at least one processor being configured to: perform a PLMN search for a higher priority Public Land Operations Network (PLMN); determine a list of candidate PLMNs based on the search; and, in response to a serving PLMN's identity not being a shared Operations Country Code (MCC), select a PLMN from the list of candidate PLMNs, the candidate PLMNs having the same MCC or a shared MCC as the serving PLMN, the selected PLMN having a higher priority than the serving PLMN.

[0114] State 29: According to the apparatus of State 28, when the identity of the serving PLMN includes a shared MCC, the candidate PLMN list includes candidate PLMNs that have the shared MCC or an MCC corresponding to the country where the UE is located.

[0115] State 30: A device according to any one of State 28 or 29, wherein at least one of the candidate PLMNs provides non-terrestrial network access.

[0116] The foregoing disclosure provides explanation and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the various forms to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations can be made based on the foregoing disclosure, or modifications and variations can be derived from practice with the various forms.

[0117] As used, the term "component" is intended to be interpreted broadly as hardware, firmware, and / or a combination of hardware and software. As used, a processor is implemented in hardware, firmware, and / or a combination of hardware and software.

[0118] The threshold is used to describe several states. As used, depending on the context, satisfying the threshold can mean a value greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, etc.

[0119] It will be apparent that the described systems and / or methods can be implemented in various forms of hardware, firmware, and / or combinations of hardware and software. The actual, specialized control hardware or software code used to implement such systems and / or methods is not intended to limit the variety. Therefore, while the operation and behavior of the systems and / or methods are described without reference to specific software code, it is to be understood that the software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems and / or methods at least in part based on the description.

[0120] Even if a specific combination of features is described in the request and / or disclosed in the specification, such combination is not intended to limit the disclosure of each state. In fact, many features can be combined in a manner not specifically described in the request and / or disclosed in the specification. Although each dependent request listed below may be directly subordinate to only one request, the disclosure of each state includes combinations of each dependent request with each of the other requests in the set of requests. The phrase "at least one of" in the list of items refers to any combination of those items, including a single member. For example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to cover a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, and abc, as well as any combination of multiples of the same element (e.g., aa, aaa, aab, aac, abb, acc, bb, bbb, bbc, cc, and ccc, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0121] None of the elements, actions, or instructions used should be interpreted as critical or necessary unless explicitly stated otherwise. Furthermore, as used, the articles "a" and "an" are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with "one or more." Additionally, as used, the terms "collection" and "group" are intended to include one or more items (e.g., related items, unrelated items, combinations of related and unrelated items, etc.) and may be used interchangeably with "one or more." The phrase "only one" or similar language is used when only one item is anticipated. Furthermore, as used, the terms "has," "have," "having," and / or similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms. Furthermore, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the phrase "based on" is intended to mean "at least partially based on."

[0122] 1: Options 2: Options 3: Options 4: Options 5: Options 6: Options 100: Network 102a: Macrocell 102b: microcell 102c: femtocellular 110:BS 110a:BS 110b:BS 110c:BS 110d:BS 120:UE 120a:UE 120b:UE 120c:UE 120d:UE 120e:UE 130: Core Network 132: Backload Link 140: PLMN Selection Module 200: Design 212: Source 220: Transmission Processor 230: Transfer (TX) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Processor 232a: Modulator / Demodulator 232t: Modulator / Demodulator 234a: Antenna 234t: Antenna 236: MIMO Detector 238: Receiver Processor 239: Data Slot 240: Controller / Processor 242: Memory 244: Communication Unit 246: Scheduler 252a: Antenna 252r: Antenna 254a: Demodulator / Modulator 254r: Demodulator / Modulator 256: MIMO Detector 258: Receiver Processor 260: Data Slot 262: Source 264: Transmission Processor 266:TX MIMO processor 280: Controller / Processor 282: Memory 290: Controller / Processor 292: Memory 294: Communication Unit 502: Ship 504: Onboard Radio Access Network (RAN) 506: Satellite 610: Square 620: Square 630: Square 640: Square 650: Square 710: Square 720: Square 730: Square 740: Square 750: Square 800: Process 802: Square 804: Square 806: Square 900: Process 902: Square 904: Square 1000: Process 1002: Square 1004: Square 1006: Square

[0123] Domestic storage information (please note in order of storage institution, date, and number) none Overseas storage information (please note in the order of storage country, institution, date, and number) none

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE) supporting satellite access, comprising the steps of: determining whether the UE supporting satellite access is switching between an international area and a national area; and in response to the UE having switched between the international area and the national area, triggering a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) selection for a network used to receive services.

2. The method according to Request 1 also includes the following steps: during PLMN selection, prioritizing a high-priority PLMN list over a most recently registered PLMN (RPLMN).

3. According to the method of request item 2, wherein the high priority PLMN list includes a list of owned public land mobile networks (HPLMN).

4. According to the method of request item 2, wherein the high priority PLMN list includes an equivalent home public land mobile network (EHPLMN) list.

5. The method according to request item 2 also includes the following steps: deleting an equivalent public land mobile network list received from a last serving PLMN before the PLMN is selected.

6. According to the method of request item 1, the step of performing the PLMN selection also includes the following steps: assigning a recently registered PLMN (RPLMN) to a priority level that is lower than the highest priority.

7. According to the method of request item 1, the step of performing the PLMN selection also includes the following steps: selecting a PLMN with a higher priority than a most recently registered PLMN (RPLMN).

8. According to the method of request item 1, wherein the PLMN selection is for non-terrestrial network (NTN) access.

9. According to the method of request item 1, wherein the PLMN is selected from the most recently registered PLMN (RPLMN) when available, before selection from an ordered list of PLMNs.

10. The method of request item 1, wherein the PLMN selection is made from a list generated during a high-priority PLMN scan.

11. The method of request item 1, wherein the PLMN selection is based on a PLMN selection procedure defined for power-on or recovery from lack of coverage.

12. The method of request 1, wherein the PLMN selection is based on a PLMN selection procedure that occurs after a periodic search for a higher priority PLMN is completed.

13. An apparatus for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), the UE supporting satellite access, comprising: One memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory, the at least one processor being configured to: determine whether the UE supporting satellite access is switching between an international area and a national area; and in response to the UE having switched between the international area and the national area, trigger a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) selection for a network used to receive services.

14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is also configured to perform the PLMN selection by assigning a recently registered PLMN (RPLMN) to a priority level lower than the highest priority.

15. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is also configured to perform the PLMN selection by selecting a PLMN having a higher priority than a most recently registered PLMN (RPLMN).

16. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the PLMN selection is for non-terrestrial network (NTN) access.

17. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the PLMN selection is based on a PLMN selection procedure defined for power-on or recovery from lack of coverage.

18. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the PLMN selection is based on a PLMN selection procedure that occurs after a periodic search for a higher priority PLMN is completed.

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