Adjustable power distribution circuit capable of achieving arbitrary polarization modes

Abstract

This invention relates to an adjustable power distribution circuit capable of achieving arbitrary polarization modes. The adjustable power distribution circuit is located between a radio frequency (RF) circuit and at least one antenna element. The adjustable power distribution circuit includes an input signal unit, at least two signal control units, a processing unit, and at least one quadrature coupling circuit. The input signal unit converts the RF signal from the RF circuit into a plurality of corresponding input signals and transmits them to each of the signal control units. Each signal control unit, according to the processing instructions of the processing unit, converts the input signals into corresponding control signals and then transmits them to the quadrature coupling circuit. The quadrature coupling circuit then generates two output signals with a 90-degree phase difference and transmits them to the antenna element. Thus, the adjustable power distribution circuit can enable the antenna element to form arbitrary linear polarization, circular polarization, or elliptical polarization modes according to the actual needs of the product.

Description

Adjustable power distribution circuit capable of achieving arbitrary polarization mode The present invention relates to an adjustable power distribution circuit applied to an antenna system, and more particularly to an adjustable power distribution circuit capable of realizing arbitrary polarization modes with the same circuit. With the development of non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), satellite communications play a vital role in the global communications architecture. Currently, constellations of satellites in low earth orbit (LEO), medium earth orbit (MEO), and geostationary earth orbit (GEO) support diverse communications needs. Each satellite has its own unique RF characteristics and operates in a designated frequency band. The design of satellite communication payload antennas must meet different radiation requirements, ranging from linear polarization to circular polarization. In some scenarios, to improve the capacity and efficiency of communication systems, dual-polarization technology with excellent polarization isolation must be adopted to create a dual communication channel transmission method with orthogonal polarizations. Generally speaking, linear polarization (LP) refers to an electromagnetic wave's electric field vibrating in a straight line within a certain plane, which can be vertical, horizontal, or any angle in between. This type of linear polarization is particularly useful in static communication links, such as ground-to-ground or certain satellite communications, because their antenna system design is relatively simple and can provide high performance and a wide frequency band. However, in the context of mobile communications, linear polarization's sensitivity to satellite motion can become a disadvantage. Circular polarization, by contrast, is particularly important in satellite communications. Its helical propagation pattern of the electric field reduces sensitivity to multipath interference and changes in satellite orientation. Circular polarization can be left-handed (also known as left-hand circular polarization (LHCP)) or right-handed (also known as right-hand circular polarization (RHCP)). It is achieved by combining two perpendicular, orthogonal linearly polarized elements with a 90-degree phase difference to create a circularly polarized radiation effect, making it a preferred choice for satellite communications and global positioning systems. Elliptical polarization, on the other hand, is an intermediate form between circular and linear polarization. Its electric field is neither completely straight nor completely circular, but rather follows an elliptical trajectory. This polarization is particularly advantageous in conditions with irregular reflection and refraction, such as in complex environments like urban or mountainous areas. When considering the coexistence and gain requirements of various types of satellite polarization, the design of ground station or user-end antennas becomes particularly complex. In the past, most design methods were to design antennas independently for the individual needs of each satellite. This is not only costly but also lacks the flexibility to adapt to dynamic polarization requirements. For GEO satellites, since their position relative to the ground station is fixed, the antenna design can be relatively simple and direct. Once installed, it can be used for a long time without the need for subsequent adjustments. The communication systems of LEO satellites and MEO satellites face more challenges. They require flexible antenna designs that can select orthogonal circular polarization. This demand has led to the development of dual linear polarization or dual circular polarization antennas, especially dual linear polarization antennas, which can form circular polarization through phase adjustment and are very suitable for planar phased array antennas. However, despite numerous innovations in contemporary antenna design, a common problem remains: the inability to dynamically adjust polarization to simultaneously meet the needs of multiple satellite types. From a link budget perspective, antenna performance for GEO satellites should be sufficient to cover the needs of LEO and MEO satellites. However, polarization differences present a key challenge, requiring antennas to exhibit greater flexibility in polarization alignment to minimize communication losses caused by polarization mismatch. Therefore, effectively addressing this issue has become a key challenge of this invention. To stand out in this fiercely competitive market, the inventors, drawing on years of extensive practical experience in antenna design and adhering to a spirit of continuous improvement, have, after years of diligent research and experimentation, finally developed the present invention, an adjustable power distribution circuit capable of achieving arbitrary polarization modes. This invention aims to provide users with a better user experience. One object of the present invention is to provide an adjustable power distribution circuit capable of realizing any polarization mode. The adjustable power distribution circuit is located between a radio frequency circuit and at least one antenna element and can enable each antenna element to form a predetermined polarization mode. The adjustable power distribution circuit includes an input signal section, at least two signal control sections, a processing unit, and at least one orthogonal coupling circuit. The input signal section is electrically connected to the radio frequency circuit to convert the radio frequency signal from the radio frequency circuit into a corresponding plurality of input signals; each of the signal control sections is connected to the input signal section to respectively receive each of the input signals transmitted by the input signal section and convert each of the input signals into a corresponding control signal. signal; the processing unit is at least electrically connected to each of the signal control units, and can transmit a processing instruction to each of the signal control units so that each of the signal control units converts the input signal into the control signal accordingly; the orthogonal coupling circuit has two input ports and two output ports, and each of the input ports receives the control signal from the corresponding signal control unit, and the orthogonal coupling circuit converts each of the control signals into an output signal, and outputs it through each of the output ports, and each of the output signals has a phase difference of 90 degrees from each other; the adjustable power distribution circuit can enable the antenna elements connected to each of the output ports to form a predetermined polarization mode according to the received output signals. In this way, the adjustable power distribution circuit of the present invention can enable the antenna elements to form any direction linear polarization mode, circular polarization mode or elliptical polarization mode according to the actual needs of the product, without the need to set up an independent polarization circuit specifically for the characteristics of each antenna system, greatly improving the convenience of application. Optionally, one signal control unit includes a switch unit, and the other signal control unit includes another switch unit and a phase shifter, and the phase shifter is located between the other switch unit and the corresponding input port. Each switch unit can form an on state or an off state according to the corresponding processing instruction. Optionally, each of the signal control units includes a phase shifter and a power amplifier, wherein each of the power amplifiers is located between the corresponding phase shifter and the input port. Optionally, one of the signal control sections includes a phase shifter and a power amplifier, and the power amplifier is located between the phase shifter and the corresponding input port; another signal control section includes another power amplifier; and another phase shifter is located between the input signal section and the signal control sections. Optionally, the adjustable power distribution circuit further includes at least one signal excitation unit, wherein the signal excitation unit is electrically connected to at least one of the output ports to receive an output signal transmitted from the corresponding output port. Optionally, the adjustable power distribution circuit is provided with only a single signal excitation unit, and the signal excitation unit is used to adjust the phase of the output signal passing through, the aforementioned phase includes 、 or 0. Optionally, the adjustable power distribution circuit is provided with two signal excitation parts, and the output ports are electrically connected to a signal excitation part respectively, and each of the signal excitation parts is used to adjust the phase of the output signal passing through. The aforementioned phase includes or 0. Optionally, the signal excitation unit includes a phase delayer having a plurality of wires of different shapes and lengths, and can receive processing instructions from the processing unit and electrically connect one of the wires to the corresponding output port to adjust the phase of the output signal passing through. Optionally, the signal excitation unit includes a phase delayer having a wire and capable of receiving processing instructions from the processing unit, so that different positions of the wire are electrically connected to the corresponding output port to change the path length between the output port and the corresponding antenna element, thereby adjusting the phase of the output signal passing through. Optionally, the number of the signal control units is four, the number of the orthogonal coupling circuits is two, and the two input ports of one of the orthogonal coupling circuits are electrically connected to two of the signal control units, and the two input ports of the other orthogonal coupling circuit are electrically connected to the other two signal control units; one of the output ports of the orthogonal coupling circuit can form a first output unit together with one of the output ports of another orthogonal coupling circuit, and the other output unit of the orthogonal coupling circuit can form a second output unit together with the other output port of another orthogonal coupling circuit, and the adjustable power distribution circuit can enable the corresponding antenna elements connected to the first output unit and the second output unit to form a predetermined polarization mode according to the received output signals. Optionally, the number of the signal control units is four, the number of the orthogonal coupling circuits is two, and the two input ports of one of the orthogonal coupling circuits are electrically connected to two of the signal control units, and the two input ports of the other orthogonal coupling circuit are electrically connected to the other two signal control units; the two output ports of the orthogonal coupling circuit are respectively electrically connected to the two feed ends of a dual-polarization antenna; the other two output ports of the other orthogonal coupling circuit are respectively electrically connected to the two feed ends of another dual-polarization antenna, so that each dual-polarization antenna forms a predetermined polarization mode according to the received output signals. Optionally, the number of the signal control units is four, the number of the orthogonal coupling circuits is two, and the two input ports of the orthogonal coupling circuits are electrically connected to two of the signal control units, and the two input ports of another orthogonal coupling circuit are electrically connected to the other two signal control units; the four output ports of the orthogonal coupling circuits are respectively electrically connected to the four feed ends of the same antenna element, so that the aforementioned antenna element forms a predetermined polarization pattern according to the output signals received. Optionally, a ring regulator is further provided between the signal control units and the orthogonal coupling circuit. The ring regulator is used to adjust the radio frequency path through which each control signal is transmitted or to form a phase delay. Optionally, the ring regulator is a ring splitter having a plurality of conductor path portions, each of which can form a different radio frequency path between the signal control portions and the orthogonal coupling circuit. Optionally, the ring regulator is a ring coupler having a plurality of ports. The control signal can be transmitted from one port to another port and then transmitted to the corresponding input ports, so that the control signal forms a phase delay. To help you, the examiners, gain a deeper understanding of the objectives, technical features, and efficacy of the present invention, the following embodiments are provided with accompanying drawings for detailed description: In order to make the purpose, technical content and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following is a further detailed description of the disclosed embodiments of the present invention in combination with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art can understand the advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification, and the present invention can be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments. The details in this specification can also be based on different viewpoints and applications. Various modifications and changes are made without departing from the concept of the present invention. In addition, it is stated in advance that the drawings of the present invention are only simple schematic illustrations and are not depicted according to actual dimensions. In addition, unless the context clearly indicates or defines otherwise, the meaning of "one" and "the" in the present invention includes the plural. In addition, the following embodiments will further explain the relevant technical contents of the present invention in detail, but the disclosed contents are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be understood that the terms used herein generally have their ordinary meanings in the art. In the event of a conflict, any definitions set forth herein will prevail. Because the same concept can be expressed in multiple ways, alternative terms and synonyms may be used for any term discussed or described herein. There is no specific limitation on whether a term is elaborated or discussed herein, and the use of one or more synonyms does not exclude other synonyms. The use of any embodiments, including the use of any term, anywhere in this specification is illustrative only and in no way limits the scope or meaning of the invention or any term. Similarly, the invention is not limited to the various embodiments disclosed in this specification. Although the terms "first," "second," or "third" may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are primarily used to distinguish one element from another and should not impose any substantive limitations on any element, nor should they limit the order in which the elements can be assembled or arranged in actual applications. Furthermore, directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "left," and "right" mentioned in the embodiments are intended solely to refer to the directions in the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the use of directional terms is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the term "or" used herein may include any one or more combinations of the associated listed items as appropriate. Furthermore, terms such as "substantially" or "approximately" as used in this specification may refer to a value or an average of multiple values ​​within a range of deviation from a specific value that can be recognized or determined by those skilled in the art, including certain specific errors that may occur when measuring the specific value due to limitations of the measurement system or equipment. For example, the value referred to as "substantially" may include ±5%, ±3%, ±1%, ±0.5%, ±0.1% and one or more standard deviations of the specific value. In addition, the terms "connect" and "electrically connected" mentioned in this invention include forms such as direct connection between two elements or indirect connection between the two elements through the presence of other elements or circuits. The present invention relates to an adjustable power distribution circuit capable of achieving arbitrary polarization modes. The circuit is disposed between a radio frequency circuit (a source for generating radio frequency signals) and at least one antenna element. The adjustable power distribution circuit distributes the input signal from the radio frequency circuit to each antenna element evenly or in a specific ratio, and imparts a desired phase difference to each signal, thereby enabling the antenna elements to form a variety of polarization modes, such as linear polarization (LP), circular polarization (CP), or elliptical polarization, according to actual needs. Linear polarization includes various modes such as single horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, arbitrary linear polarization, and dual linear polarization, while circular polarization includes modes such as left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization. Thus, the adjustable power distribution circuit can be applied to, for example, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellites, or geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites, according to actual needs. Orbit (GEO) satellites, etc., so that the antenna elements provide corresponding polarization modes. In satellite communications, antenna elements can operate in linear polarization and circular polarization. Considering the dual linear polarization antenna configuration as a reference, please refer to the coordinate system of Figures 1A and 1B. The input signal from the RF circuit can first enter the power divider (Power Divider) 11 and then be phase-adjusted by the phase shifters (Phase Shifters) 12 to achieve the polarization mode required by the antenna element T. In addition, the electric field vector of the linear polarization The equation (1) is as follows: ………(1) Electric field vector of right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) Formula (2), and the electric field vector of left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) The equation (3) is as follows: ………(2) ………(3) The above equation defines the principal broadside direction of the antenna, where the direction is defined as θ = 0 degrees. for Direction by The electric field excited by the component, Figure 1 for Direction by The electric field excited by the component, under this condition, α is relative to The polarization direction angle of the axis, therefore, can be rotated in the main radiation direction by adjusting the value of α to achieve the desired polarization guidance. In addition, j is an imaginary unit used to represent a 90-degree phase difference. Therefore, the two polarization modes of right-hand circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization are mirror images of each other in space and are orthogonal to each other. Based on the aforementioned conceptual architecture, in order to achieve various polarization modes using a single circuit architecture, in a first embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 2, an adjustable power distribution circuit 2 includes an input signal portion Pin, two signal control portions 21, 22, an orthogonal coupling circuit 23 and a processing unit 25, wherein the input signal portion Pin can be electrically connected to a radio frequency circuit R to convert the radio frequency signal from the radio frequency circuit R into a corresponding plurality of input signals and transmit each of the input signals to each of the signal control portions 21, 22. In some embodiments, the input signal portion Pin can be a Wilkinson power divider or other types of power dividers, and can convert the radio frequency signal into a plurality of input signals of equal power, or a plurality of input signals with specific power ratios, but is not limited thereto. Continuing with the above, referring again to FIG. 2 , the signal control units 21 and 22 are capable of receiving the input signal from the input signal unit Pin and converting it into corresponding control signals. The control signals can be the same as the input signal, or they can be input signals with different phases. Specifically, one signal control unit 21 includes a switch unit 211, while the other signal control unit 22 includes another switch unit 221 and a phase shifter 223. The switch units 211 and 221 are capable of receiving the input signal from the input signal unit Pin, respectively, and the switch unit 221 can transmit the corresponding input signal to the phase shifter 223 for the desired phase adjustment. In addition, the orthogonal coupling circuit 23 has two input ports M1 and M2 and two output ports R1 and R2. The input port M1 can receive a control signal from the switch unit 211, and the input port M2 can receive a control signal from the phase shifter 223. After being processed internally by the orthogonal coupling circuit 23, these input signals can form corresponding output signals, which are respectively output from the output ports R1 and R2 to corresponding antenna elements (such as the antenna element T in Figure 1A, but not limited thereto). The output signals output by the output ports R1 and R2 can substantially have a phase difference of 90 degrees. It is particularly worth mentioning that the orthogonal coupling circuit 23 can include a 90-degree hybrid directional coupler as a single microwave element, and can also include an equivalent circuit structure with the same function. In other words, as long as the circuit structure is sufficient to generate a 90-degree phase difference between the two output terminals R1 and R2, it can be regarded as the orthogonal coupling circuit 23 of the present invention. In this way, the orthogonal coupling circuit 23 has flexibility in various RF applications and can adapt to different technical requirements and implementation methods. 2 , the processing unit 25 can be electrically connected to at least the signal control sections 21 and 22. It can generate and transmit a processing instruction to the signal control sections 21 and 22 to cause each of the switch units 211 and 221 to establish a predetermined on or off state, thereby adjusting the RF path between the input signal section Pin and the orthogonal coupling circuit 23. The processing unit 25 can also cause the phase shifter 223 to change the phase of the input signal to convert the input signal into a corresponding control signal. Furthermore, the processing unit 25 can be implemented as a circuit or a chip. Depending on the type of electronic component to be controlled, the processing instruction it generates can be an analog signal (e.g., voltage or current) or a digital signal, enabling each electronic component in the signal control sections 21 and 22 to perform the desired action. In other embodiments, according to actual product requirements, the processing unit 25 can also be electrically connected to other electronic components of the adjustable power distribution circuit 2, for example, the input signal portion Pin, to control the power of the input signal generated by the input signal portion Pin (e.g., generating input signals with different power ratios). Referring again to FIG. 2 , the design principle of the first embodiment is described. The first embodiment is based on a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) mechanism, wherein the output signals a1 and a2 from the output ports R1 and R2 serve as excitation weights for antenna elements (e.g., dual-polarized antennas), and the control signals b1 and b2 received by the input ports M1 and M2 serve as control coefficients for generating the desired polarization pattern. Therefore, the matrix equations of Equations (4) and (5) illustrate the conversion relationship between the control coefficients (control signals b1 and b2) and the excitation weights (output signals a1 and a2): ………(4) ………(5) For linear polarization, substituting equation (1) into equation (5), the following equation (6) can be obtained: ………(6) For circular polarization, substituting equation (2) into equation (5), we can obtain the following equation (7): ; (7) In order to adjust the antenna to any polarization mode, it is necessary to generate the phase required by the control coefficients (control signals b1, b2) (i.e., ±α in equation (6)) and the phase change of the constant Since a fixed phase change does not change the polarization pattern of the radiated electromagnetic wave, it is assumed that , then equation (6) can be transformed into the following equation (8): ………(8) Thus, the adjustable power distribution circuit 2 only needs a single phase shifter 223 to adjust the phase to In addition, the input signal part Pin can use a power divider (such as: Wilkinson power divider) to generate (b1, b2) power ratio, and two switch units 211 and 221 are required to select the RF path of the control signal to excite the required circular polarization. In other words, the equation (9) for generating right-hand circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization is as follows: ; ………(9) Under this architecture, only half of the input power is ultimately sent to the antenna element for radiation. In the first embodiment, the adjustable power distribution circuit 2 realizes a 90-degree phase difference in the output signal through the orthogonal coupling circuit 23, thereby enabling the adjustable power distribution circuit 2 to switch the antenna element to various polarization modes such as linear polarization or circular polarization according to actual needs. However, referring again to FIG. 2 , because the adjustable power distribution circuit 2 of the first embodiment selects one RF path to provide excitation power by changing the on / off states of the two switch units 211 and 221, when the antenna excites the circular polarization mode, its radiated power is only 50%. Furthermore, the phase shifter 223 generates power loss, resulting in an imbalance in the power ratio of the control signals received by the input ports M1 and M2. This distorts the linear polarization direction and increases the degree of cross-polarization, without improving the quality of the radiated polarization. In view of this, in the second embodiment of the present invention, a structure of the signal control unit 21, 22 different from that of the first embodiment is adopted (as shown in FIG2 ). For the convenience of explanation, the subsequent embodiments will only explain the structure different from the first embodiment, and the remaining identical or similar components will use the same component symbols and will not be described in detail. Please refer to FIG3A , the adjustable power distribution circuit 3 of the second embodiment includes an input signal part Pin, two signal control parts 31, 32, a quadrature coupling circuit (90-degree Hybrid Directional Coupler) 23, a processing unit 25 and at least one signal excitation part 34, wherein each of the signal control parts 31, 32 respectively includes a phase shifter 311, 321 and a power amplifier 313, 323, and the input signal transmitted by the input signal part Pin can form a corresponding control signal after passing through each of the phase shifters 311, 321 and the power amplifiers 313, 323 in sequence. In addition, the phase shifter 311 is used to change the phase of the input signal to The phase shifter 321 is used to change the phase of the input signal to The power amplifiers 313 and 323 are used to amplify the signals transmitted from the phase shifters 311 and 321 and transmit them to the corresponding input ports M1 and M2, so that the orthogonal coupling circuit 23 can convert the control signals into corresponding output signals. Continuing from the above, please refer to FIG3A again. The signal excitation section 34 can be electrically connected to the output port R1 to receive the output signal from the orthogonal coupling circuit 23, and can perform a predetermined processing procedure (such as adjusting the phase, etc.) on the output signal according to the processing instruction from the processing unit 25, and then transmit the processed output signal to the antenna element (such as a dual-polarization antenna), so that the antenna element can form a predetermined polarization mode (such as linear polarization, circular polarization or elliptical polarization, etc.) according to the output signal from the signal excitation section 34 and the output port R2. In some embodiments, the signal excitation section 34 includes a phase shifter 341 (used to change the phase of the output signal to ), which can perform phase adjustment on the output signal from the output port R1 and then transmit the output signal after the phase adjustment to the antenna element, but the specific structure and function of the signal excitation unit 34 are not limited thereto. The design principle of the second embodiment will now be described. Referring again to FIG. 3A , the two RF paths of the adjustable power distribution circuit 3 (between the input signal section Pin and the quadrature coupling circuit) are each equipped with phase shifters 311 and 321 and power amplifiers 313 and 323, respectively. The switch units 211 and 221 of the first embodiment are omitted. In other words, the two RF paths of the adjustable power distribution circuit 3 are balanced. Therefore, the RF power generated by the two signal control sections 31 and 32 (particularly the power amplifiers 313 and 323) can all be used to excite the antenna elements. Furthermore, this balanced structure ensures that the power of the control signals received by the input ports M1 and M2 is equal or similar, thereby exciting the quadrature coupling circuit 23 and generating substantially equal power weights, thereby achieving good linear polarization. Furthermore, the aforementioned balanced structure and the form of maximizing output power (compared to the first embodiment) can also achieve maximum equivalent radiated power (EIRP) when increasing the input signal strength of the input signal portion Pin, without causing significant power loss or heat dissipation. This helps ensure the high performance of the wireless communication system in which the adjustable power distribution circuit 3 is applied. Through the architecture of the adjustable power distribution circuit 3, the excitation weights (output signals a1, a2) can be expressed as follows: ………(10) ………(11) Among them, , it can be seen that in addition to the power ratio of the sine and cosine functions in equation (1), equation (11) also requires an additional phase term The above phase term is used to control the direction of the radiation beam of the antenna element. At the same time, the total output power generated by equation (11) is 2A 2 , which is the total power generated by the two power amplifiers 313, 323 without being affected by any polarization direction. Therefore, referring to FIG. 3A , the adjustable power distribution circuit 3 has the characteristics mentioned above. First, the adjustable power distribution circuit 3 has the characteristics of equal power distribution. When the phase difference When , the excitation weights (output signals a1, a2) show equal power ratios, and additional Therefore, equation (11) can be simplified as follows: ………(12a) Again, when When , equation (11) can be simplified to: ………(12b) The above cases are all equal power distribution, but the phases are opposite, so the total output power is 2A 2 , maintain the input power to satisfy power conservation. Secondly, according to equation (11), when the sine function or the cosine function becomes 0, each of the signal control units 31 and 32 can simulate the function of the switch unit. Therefore, when When , equation (11) can be simplified as follows: ………(13) Again, when When , equation (11) can be simplified to: ………(14) As can be seen from the above, equations (13) and (14) express When the two RF paths are switched, the signal control units 31 and 32 have the function of switching switches, and even if only one of the input ports M1 and M2 is selected, the two RF paths can still be switched. Phase difference, and keep the total output power at 2A 2 In this way, the problems arising from the use of switching elements in the first embodiment can be improved. Furthermore, referring to FIG. 3A , according to the expression of equation (11), it is only applicable to any linear polarization mode and cannot generate circular polarization. Therefore, according to the axial ratio and phase requirements, the signal excitation unit 34 is set at one of the output ports R1. The signal excitation unit 34 is used to adjust the phase of the output signal. The aforementioned phase includes When the phase of the signal excitation unit 34 is equal to 0, the adjustable power distribution circuit 3 will make the antenna element work in the linear polarization mode. When the phase of the signal excitation unit 34 is equal to When one of the above is true, the adjustable power distribution circuit 3 will make the antenna element work in the circular polarization mode (such as right-hand circular polarization (phase is ), left-hand circular polarization (phase is ), the equation can be changed to: ………(15) As mentioned above, in addition to using a phase shifter 341, the signal excitation section 34 can also form a desired phase by changing the length or shape of a conductor in some embodiments. As shown in FIG3B and FIG3C , the signal excitation section 34 includes a phase delay 341A. The phase delay 341A has a plurality of conductors 3411 and 3412 of different shapes and lengths. The processing unit 25 can electrically connect different conductors 3411 and 3412 to the output port R1 according to polarization requirements to provide a specific phase delay. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG3D and FIG3E , the signal excitation section 34 includes another phase delay 341B. Although the phase delay 341B has only a single conductor, the processing unit 25 can change the transmission path of the output signal a1 by changing the local position of the conductor connected to the output port R1, thereby generating different phase delays to achieve the effect of adjusting the phase. In addition, although FIG3A only shows that the signal excitation portion 34 is electrically connected to the output port R1, in other embodiments of the present invention, the signal excitation portion 34 can be changed to be electrically connected to the output port R2 and achieve the same effect; or, in a variation of the second embodiment, the adjustable power distribution circuit 3 can have two signal excitation portions 34 (as shown in FIG4 ), and each of the signal excitation portions 34 is electrically connected to the corresponding output ports R1 and R2, so that the required phase state can be simplified to In addition, when the adjustable power distribution circuit 3 is provided with two signal excitation units 34, similar power loss can be generated, thereby making the power intensity of each output signal substantially equal. In this way, a good axial ratio can be maintained and cross polarization caused by uneven power distribution can be avoided. In addition, if only two phase states are used and 0, then the phase state Can be Obtained. By multiplying a factor j by a1 in equation (12b), the result of the second row of the matrix corresponding to a2 in equation (15) can be obtained to achieve the desired circular polarization mode (e.g., right-hand circular polarization, left-hand circular polarization). It is particularly mentioned here that, in addition to being applicable to a dual-polarization antenna (such as the antenna element T in FIG1A ), the adjustable power distribution circuit 3 can also excite two antenna elements T with the same polarization mode, as shown in FIG5 , according to the actual needs of the product. In particular, the signal excitation unit 34 can meet the phase requirements of the beamforming. In addition, in another variation of the second embodiment, please refer to Figures 6A and 6B. The phase shifter 321 in the adjustable power distribution circuit 3 can be arranged between the input signal part Pin and the two signal control parts 31 and 32, so that the phase shifter 321 can provide a suitable and uniform phase adjustment function. However, this circuit architecture will affect the power distribution of the entire adjustable power distribution circuit 3 and easily increase the power unevenness of the control signal. For example, for the radio frequency path where the signal control part 31 having the phase shifter 311 is located, it is also necessary to bear the power loss generated by the phase shifter 311. Therefore, in actual use, the input signal part Pin needs to adopt two input signals that can convert the radio frequency signal into different power ratios to solve the aforementioned problem. Furthermore, in the adjustable power distribution circuit 3 (as shown in FIG3A ), high power loss may occur due to the presence of a phase shifter 341 for controlling polarization between the power amplifiers 313 and 323 and the antenna elements. In addition, most phase shifters are typically designed using electronic components such as PIN diodes or varactors, which makes it difficult for the phase shifter to process high-power signals. This is especially true when the power amplifier is used to provide power for a large phased array antenna for long-distance transmission. In view of this, in the third embodiment of the present invention, each of the signal control units 31 and 32 can be formed. The phase shift characteristics of (as expressed by equations (13) and (14)) are used to replace the phase shifter 341. 7 , the adjustable power distribution circuit 4 of the third embodiment adopts two sets of circuit structures for forming linear polarization in the second embodiment. The adjustable power distribution circuit 4 includes an input signal portion Pin, four signal control portions 41, 42, 43, 44, at least one processing unit 25, and two orthogonal coupling circuits 23. Each of the signal control portions 41, 42, 43, 44 includes a phase shifter 411, 421, 431, 441, and a power amplifier 413, 423, 433, 443, respectively. The phase shifters 41 1, 421, 431, and 441 can respectively receive the input signals from the input signal portion Pin, and after amplification by the corresponding power amplifiers 413, 423, 433, and 443, form corresponding control signals b1, b2, b3, and b4, which are transmitted to the corresponding input ports M1, M2, M3, and M4, so that each of the orthogonal coupling circuits 23 can convert these control signals b1, b2, b3, and b4 into corresponding output signals a1, a2, a3, and a4, and then output each of the output signals through the output ports R1, R2, R3, and R4. Furthermore, the two output ports R1 and R3 of different orthogonal coupling circuits 23 can jointly form a first output portion C1 to output a corresponding output signal c1 to one feed terminal of the antenna element. In other words, each of the output ports R1 and R3 can be connected to the same feed terminal. The two output ports R2 and R4 of different orthogonal coupling circuits 23 can jointly form a second output portion C2 to output a corresponding output signal c2 to the other feed terminal of the antenna element. In other words, each of the output ports R2 and R4 can be connected to the same feed terminal, thereby enabling the antenna element to generate a desired linear polarization mode or circular polarization mode. Continuing from the above, referring to FIG. 7 , based on the switch unit functions represented by equations (13) and (14), when the antenna element needs to use the right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) mode, the output signal needs to have the same phase adjustment result as the phase shifter 341 ( ), therefore, the adjustable power distribution circuit 4 can activate the RF paths of the output ports R1 and R4 (i.e., the paths between the orthogonal coupling circuit 23 and the antenna element), and at the same time shut down the RF paths of the output ports R2 and R3, so as to prevent unnecessary signals from entering the first output portion C1 and the second output portion C2; when the antenna element needs to use the left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) mode, the adjustable power distribution circuit 4 can activate the RF paths of the output ports R2 and R3, and at the same time shut down the RF paths of the output ports R1 and R4. In this way, the output signals output by the output ports R1, R2, R3, and R4 are finally output to the antenna element via the first output portion C1 and the second output portion C2, so that the antenna element can form the required right-hand circular polarization mode or left-hand circular polarization mode. Again, referring to FIG. 7 , in the control of the circular polarization mode, for right-hand circular polarization (RHCP), the relevant parameters of equations (13) and (14) need to be set as as well as , so the following equations (16) and (17) can be obtained, where a1~a4 represent the excitation signals on different RF paths (i.e., the output signals corresponding to output ports R1~R4), represents the phase of the phase shifter, represents the phase difference, c1 and c2 represent the final generated excitation signal (i.e., the output signals of the first output part C1 and the second output part C2), and P represents the power of the signal: ………(16) ………(17) , to obtain equation (18): ………(18) Similarly, for left-hand circular polarization (LHCP), it can also be achieved by changing and However, from the results of these equations, it can be known that the output power of the adjustable power distribution circuit 4 is , the power is reduced by 50%. Another alternative is to use equation (11) and make , to obtain equations (19) and (20), and make the realization target of equation (18) equation (21): ………(19) ………(20) ………(21) Substituting equations (19) and (20) into equation (21), we can obtain equation (22): …(22) Among them, , and the required value is , therefore, Equation (22) can be transformed into Equation (23) as follows: ………(23) From equation (23), we can see that by choosing the appropriate phase It can simplify equations (16) to (18) and obtain , to stimulate 2P 2 In addition, referring to FIG7 , in the control of any linear polarization mode, the parameters are set as ,and , then the two groups of linearly polarized circuit structures of the adjustable power distribution circuit 4 can work synchronously, so equation (24) can be obtained: ………(24) As can be seen from the above, the total output power of the linear polarization mode is 4P 2 . Furthermore, when the antenna element T is configured as two dual linear polarization antennas, it is also possible to not provide the first output portion and the second input portion, and only use two sets of circuit structures for forming linear polarization in the second embodiment. Please refer to Figure 8. In a variation of the third embodiment, the output ports R1 and R2 of one orthogonal coupling circuit 23 can be electrically connected to the two feeding terminals of the same antenna element T, so as to transmit the output signals a1 and a2 to the antenna element T; the output ports R3 and R4 of the other orthogonal coupling circuit 23 can be electrically connected to the two feeding terminals of another antenna element T, so as to transmit the output signals a3 and a4 to the other antenna element T. In addition, in order to form a linear polarization pattern in any direction, equation (11) can be used to find (a1, a2) and (a3, a4), and set ,as well as , so that a1=a3; a2=a4. Furthermore, the radiation field of the main beam can be calculated through equation (25): ………(25) In addition, in order to form a circular polarization mode ( , that is, forming a circular electric field rotation), equations (19) and (20) can be used to respectively obtain the linear polarization components of the two electric field vectors required for circular polarization 、 , and the related equations (26a) and (26b) are as follows: ………(26a) ………(26b) Among them, , In addition, according to the structure of Figure 8, the total radiation electric field The equation (27) is as follows: ………(27) Continuing from the above, when only one circular polarization is maintained, the radiation of the other circular polarization will be canceled, resulting in the radiation power being halved, thereby reducing the antenna gain by 3dB. Therefore, to solve the above problem, the two aforementioned dual linear polarization antennas can be superimposed to create a single antenna element with four ports, thereby avoiding the power loss of the two dual linear polarization antennas. Furthermore, in order to precisely control the phase or adjust the RF path of the control signal, a ring regulator may be provided in the adjustable power distribution circuit of each of the aforementioned embodiments. The ring regulator is located between the signal control unit and the orthogonal coupling circuit. In some embodiments, please refer to FIG. 9A , in which the ring regulator is a ring splitter 51A having a plurality of conductor path portions 511A, 511B, and 511C. Through different conductor path portions 511A, 511B, and 511C, the RF path between the two signal control units 31 and 32 and the orthogonal coupling circuit 23 may be adjusted. For example, the control signals of the two signal control units 31 and 32 are only transmitted to the input port M1 or the input port M2, or are respectively transmitted to the corresponding input ports M1 and M2. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 9B , the ring regulator is a ring coupler 51B having a plurality of ports (four ports P1, P2, P3, and P4 in this embodiment), and the length of the wire between adjacent ports P1 to P4 is a specific fraction of the wavelength. For example, the outer wire length from port P1 to P2 is , the outer length of the wire from port P2 to P3 is , the length of the peripheral wire from port P3 to P4 is , the length of the peripheral wire from port P1 to P4 is , the inner wire length of port P4 is However, the present invention is not limited thereto. Furthermore, the control signals of the signal control units 31 and 32 can be transmitted from the corresponding ports P1, P2, P3, and P4 to the input ports M1 and M2, thereby creating a specific phase delay and giving the input ports M1 and M2 a predetermined phase difference. In this way, the adjustable power distribution circuit of the present invention is applicable to various antenna architectures and can conveniently form linear, circular, or elliptical polarization modes as required. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. However, the scope of rights claimed by the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent changes that can be easily conceived by those familiar with the art based on the technical content disclosed by the present invention should not depart from the protection scope of the present invention. 11: Power divider 12, 223, 311, 321, 341, 411, 421, 431, 441: Phase shifters 2, 3, 4: Adjustable power distribution circuit 21, 22, 31, 32, 41, 42, 43, 44: Signal control unit 211, 221: Switch unit 23: Orthogonal coupling circuit 25: Processing unit 313, 323, 413, 423, 433, 443: Power amplifier 34: Signal excitation unit 341A: Phase delay 3411, 3412: Wire 341B: Phase delay 51A: Ring splitter 511A, 511B, 511C: Wire path unit 51B: Ring coupler a1, a2, a3, a4, c1, c2: output signals b1, b2, b3, b4: control signals C1: first output C2: second output M1, M2, M3, M4: input ports Pin: input signal P1, P2, P3, P4: ports R: radio frequency circuit R1, R2, R3, R4: output ports T: antenna element [Figure 1A] is a schematic diagram of the architecture of radio frequency signal transmission to a dual linear polarization antenna; [Figure 1B] is a schematic diagram of the coordinates of the polarization direction angle of the radio frequency signal; [Figure 2] is a schematic diagram of the circuit architecture of the first embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 3A] is a schematic diagram of the circuit architecture of the second embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 3B] is a schematic diagram of the phase delay device of the second embodiment of the present invention in one connection state; [Figure 3C] is a schematic diagram of the phase delay device of the second embodiment of the present invention in another connection state; [Figure 3D] is a schematic diagram of another phase delay device of another embodiment of the present invention in one connection state; [Figure 3E] is a schematic diagram of another phase delay device of another embodiment of the present invention in another connection state; [Figure 4] is a schematic diagram of the circuit architecture of a variant of the second embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 5] is a schematic diagram of the circuit architecture of the second embodiment of the present invention connected to two antenna elements; [Figure 6A] is a schematic diagram of one circuit architecture of another variant of the second embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 6B] is a schematic diagram of another circuit architecture of another variant of the second embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 7] is a schematic diagram of the circuit architecture of the third embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 8] is a schematic diagram of the circuit architecture of a variant of the third embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 9A] is a schematic diagram of the circuit architecture of the adjustable power distribution circuit of the present invention in which a ring splitter is provided; and [Figure 9B] is a schematic diagram of the circuit architecture of the adjustable power distribution circuit of the present invention in which a ring coupler is provided. 2: Adjustable power distribution circuit 21,22: Signal Control Unit 211,221: Switch unit 223:Phase Shifter 23: Quadrature coupling circuit 25: Processing unit a1, a2: output signal b1, b2: control signal M1, M2: Input port Pin: Input signal part R: RF circuit R1, R2: output port

Claims

1. An adjustable power distribution circuit capable of achieving arbitrary polarization modes, located between a radio frequency circuit and at least one antenna element, and capable of enabling each of the antenna elements to form a predetermined polarization mode, the adjustable power distribution circuit comprising: An input signal unit is electrically connected to the radio frequency circuit to convert the radio frequency signal from the radio frequency circuit into a plurality of corresponding input signals; four signal control units are connected to the input signal unit to receive each of the input signals from the input signal unit and convert each of the input signals into a corresponding control signal, wherein each signal control unit includes a phase shifter and a power amplifier, and each power amplifier is located between the corresponding phase shifter and the corresponding input port; A processing unit, electrically connected at least to each of the signal control units, is capable of transmitting a processing instruction to each of the signal control units, so that each of the signal control units converts the input signal into the control signal accordingly; and two quadrature coupling circuits, each having two input ports and two output ports, wherein each input port receives the control signal from the corresponding signal control unit, the quadrature coupling circuit converts each control signal into an output signal and outputs it through each output port, and each output signal has a 90-degree phase difference with each other; Two input ports of one quadrature coupling circuit are electrically connected to two signal control units, and two input ports of another quadrature coupling circuit are electrically connected to two other signal control units. One output port of the quadrature coupling circuit can form a first output unit together with one output port of the other quadrature coupling circuit, and the other output unit of the quadrature coupling circuit can form a second output unit together with another output port of the other quadrature coupling circuit. The adjustable power distribution circuit enables the corresponding antenna elements connected to the first output unit and the second output unit to form a predetermined polarization mode according to the received output signals.

2. An adjustable power distribution circuit capable of achieving arbitrary polarization modes, located between a radio frequency circuit and at least one antenna element, and capable of enabling each of the antenna elements to form a predetermined polarization mode, the adjustable power distribution circuit comprising: An input signal unit is electrically connected to the radio frequency circuit to convert radio frequency signals from the radio frequency circuit into a plurality of corresponding input signals; at least two signal control units are connected to the input signal unit to receive each of the input signals from the input signal unit and convert each of the input signals into a corresponding control signal, wherein one signal control unit includes a phase shifter and a power amplifier, and the power amplifier is located between the phase shifter and the corresponding input port; another signal control unit includes another power amplifier; and another phase shifter is located between the input signal unit and the signal control units. A processing unit, electrically connected at least to each of the signal control units, is capable of transmitting a processing command to each of the signal control units, thereby causing each of the signal control units to convert the input signal into the control signal; and at least one quadrature coupling circuit, each having two input ports and two output ports, wherein each input port receives the control signal from the corresponding signal control unit, the quadrature coupling circuit converts each control signal into an output signal and outputs it through each output port, and each output signal has a 90-degree phase difference with each other; the adjustable power distribution circuit enables the antenna element connected to each of the output ports to form a predetermined polarization mode according to the received output signals.

3. The adjustable power distribution circuit as described in claim 2 further includes at least one signal excitation unit electrically connected to at least one of the output ports to receive an output signal from the corresponding output port.

4. The adjustable power distribution circuit as described in claim 3, wherein, The adjustable power distribution circuit has only a single signal excitation unit, which is used to adjust the phase of the output signal, wherein the phase includes 0, 1, or 0.

5. The adjustable power distribution circuit as described in claim 3, wherein, The adjustable power distribution circuit has two signal excitation units, and each of the output ports is electrically connected to a signal excitation unit. Each signal excitation unit is used to adjust the phase of the output signal, including or 0.

6. The adjustable power distribution circuit as described in claim 3, wherein, The signal excitation unit includes a phase delay unit with multiple wires of different shapes and lengths, and it can receive processing instructions from the processing unit to electrically connect one of the wires to the corresponding output port in order to adjust the phase of the output signal.

7. The adjustable power distribution circuit as described in claim 3, wherein, The signal excitation unit includes a phase delay unit with a wire that can receive processing instructions from the processing unit and electrically connect different positions of the wire to the corresponding output port to change the path length between the output port and the corresponding antenna element, thereby adjusting the phase of the output signal.

8. The adjustable power distribution circuit as described in claim 2, wherein, The signal control unit has four components, and the quadrature coupling circuit has two components. The two input ports of one quadrature coupling circuit are electrically connected to two of the signal control units, and the two input ports of the other quadrature coupling circuit are electrically connected to the other two signal control units. One output port of the quadrature coupling circuit can form a first output unit together with one output port of the other quadrature coupling circuit, and the other output unit of the quadrature coupling circuit can form a second output unit together with the other output port of the other quadrature coupling circuit. The adjustable power distribution circuit enables the corresponding antenna elements connected to the first output unit and the second output unit to form a predetermined polarization mode according to the received output signals.

9. The adjustable power distribution circuit as described in claim 2, wherein, The signal control unit has four components, and the quadrature coupling circuit has two components. The two input ports of one quadrature coupling circuit are electrically connected to two of the signal control units, and the two input ports of the other quadrature coupling circuit are electrically connected to the other two signal control units. The two output ports of the quadrature coupling circuit are electrically connected to the two feed terminals of a dual-polarized antenna, respectively. The other two output ports of the other quadrature coupling circuit are electrically connected to the two feed terminals of another dual-polarized antenna, so that each dual-polarized antenna forms a predetermined polarization mode according to the received output signals.

10. The adjustable power distribution circuit as described in claim 2, wherein, There are four signal control units and two orthogonal coupling circuits. The two input ports of the orthogonal coupling circuits are electrically connected to two of the signal control units, and the two input ports of the other orthogonal coupling circuit are electrically connected to the other two signal control units. The four output ports of the orthogonal coupling circuits are electrically connected to the four feed terminals of the same antenna element, so that the antenna element forms a predetermined polarization mode according to the received output signals.

11. The adjustable power distribution circuit as described in claim 2, wherein, Between the signal control unit and the quadrature coupling circuit, a ring regulator is provided. The ring regulator is used to adjust the radio frequency path of each control signal or to form a phase delay.

12. The adjustable power distribution circuit as described in claim 11, wherein, The ring regulator is a ring splitter, which has a plurality of wire path sections, each of which enables different radio frequency paths to be formed between the signal control section and the quadrature coupling circuit.

13. The adjustable power distribution circuit as described in claim 11, wherein, The ring regulator is a ring coupler with multiple ports. The control signal can be transmitted from one port to another and then to the corresponding input ports to create a phase delay in the control signal.

14. An adjustable power distribution circuit capable of realizing arbitrary polarization modes, located between a radio frequency circuit and at least one antenna element, and capable of enabling each of the antenna elements to form a predetermined polarization mode, the adjustable power distribution circuit comprising: An input signal unit is electrically connected to the radio frequency circuit to convert the radio frequency signal from the radio frequency circuit into a plurality of corresponding input signals; four signal control units are connected to the input signal unit to receive each of the input signals from the input signal unit and convert each of the input signals into a corresponding control signal, wherein each signal control unit includes a phase shifter and a power amplifier, and each power amplifier is located between the corresponding phase shifter and the corresponding input port; A processing unit, electrically connected at least to each of the signal control units, is capable of transmitting a processing command to each of the signal control units, thereby causing each of the signal control units to convert the input signal into a control signal; and two orthogonal coupling circuits, each having two input ports and two output ports, wherein each input port receives a control signal from a corresponding signal control unit, the orthogonal coupling circuit converts each control signal into an output signal, and outputs them through each output port, with each output signal having a 90-degree phase difference from each other; the two input ports of one orthogonal coupling circuit are electrically connected to two of the signal control units, and the two input ports of the other orthogonal coupling circuit are electrically connected to two other signal control units; the two output ports of the orthogonal coupling circuit are electrically connected to two feed terminals of a dual-polarized antenna; the other two output ports of the other orthogonal coupling circuit are electrically connected to two feed terminals of another dual-polarized antenna, so that each dual-polarized antenna forms a predetermined polarization mode according to the received output signals.

15. An adjustable power distribution circuit capable of realizing arbitrary polarization modes, located between a radio frequency circuit and at least one antenna element, and capable of enabling each of the antenna elements to form a predetermined polarization mode, the adjustable power distribution circuit comprising: An input signal unit is electrically connected to the radio frequency circuit to convert the radio frequency signal from the radio frequency circuit into a plurality of corresponding input signals; four signal control units are connected to the input signal unit to receive each of the input signals from the input signal unit and convert each of the input signals into a corresponding control signal, wherein each signal control unit includes a phase shifter and a power amplifier, and each power amplifier is located between the corresponding phase shifter and the corresponding input port; A processing unit, electrically connected at least to each of the signal control units, is capable of transmitting a processing command to each of the signal control units, thereby causing each of the signal control units to convert the input signal into the control signal; and two quadrature coupling circuits, each having two input ports and two output ports, wherein each input port receives the control signal from the corresponding signal control unit, the quadrature coupling circuit converts each control signal into an output signal, and outputs them through the respective output ports, and the output signals have a 90-degree phase difference from each other; the two input ports of the quadrature coupling circuits are electrically connected to two of the signal control units, and the two input ports of the other quadrature coupling circuit are electrically connected to the other two signal control units; the four output ports of the quadrature coupling circuits are electrically connected to the four feed terminals of the same antenna element, so that the antenna element forms a predetermined polarization mode according to the received output signals.

16. An adjustable power distribution circuit capable of realizing arbitrary polarization modes, located between a radio frequency circuit and at least one antenna element, and capable of enabling each of the antenna elements to form a predetermined polarization mode, the adjustable power distribution circuit comprising: An input signal unit is electrically connected to the radio frequency circuit to convert radio frequency signals from the radio frequency circuit into a plurality of corresponding input signals; at least two signal control units are connected to the input signal unit to receive each of the input signals from the input signal unit and convert each of the input signals into a corresponding control signal, wherein each signal control unit includes a phase shifter and a power amplifier, and each power amplifier is located between the corresponding phase shifter and the corresponding input port; a processing unit is electrically connected to at least each signal control unit and is capable of transmitting a processing command to each signal control unit so that each signal control unit converts the input signal into the control signal accordingly; At least one quadrature coupling circuit has two input ports and two output ports, wherein each input port receives a control signal from a corresponding signal control unit, the quadrature coupling circuit converts each control signal into an output signal and outputs them through the respective output ports, and the output signals have a 90-degree phase difference with each other; and a ring adjuster is connected between the signal control units and the quadrature coupling circuit, and is used to adjust the radio frequency path of each control signal or to form a phase delay; the adjustable power distribution circuit enables the antenna element connected to each output port to form a predetermined polarization mode according to the received output signals.

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