Polymer, electrolyte and battery

Abstract

This disclosure provides a polymer as a component of a battery, wherein the polymer is polymerized from a polymerization precursor. The polymerization precursor contains at least two monomers, each monomer selected from lactones, lactones, or carbonates. The polymer contains a polyester, and the polyester is linear. Therefore, the polymer of this disclosure exhibits a gel state at room temperature, possessing not only the excellent mechanical properties of solid electrolytes but also the high ionic conductivity of liquid electrolytes, and helping to solve safety issues such as the easy volatilization and leakage of electrolytes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a polymer, an electrolyte, and a battery, particularly to a polymer polymer polymerized from a polymer precursor and exhibiting a gel state, and an electrolyte and battery comprising said polymer. Prior Technology

[0002] Modern batteries are designed with high energy density, high operating voltage, fast charging speed, and long cycle life as research and development goals. Therefore, high-temperature performance and safety of batteries have become the primary issues to be addressed.

[0003] Currently, the electrolytes used in traditional batteries are mainly liquid electrolytes. However, on the one hand, liquid electrolytes using organic solvents are prone to evaporation, leading to internal volume expansion and leakage. Furthermore, these electrolytes, which are not heat-resistant, are highly susceptible to ignition and combustion under overcharging, discharging, or high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. On the other hand, during battery charging and discharging, the generated lithium metal, due to defects in the material's crystal lattice arrangement and surface composition, is prone to uneven deposition on the electrode surface, leading to the formation of dendrite lithium. This can damage the separator, causing short circuits or even fires. Additionally, organic solvents can react chemically with lithium metal, generating irreversible byproducts that increase interfacial impedance, affecting ion conduction efficiency and reducing battery capacity, performance, and lifespan. Therefore, using solid-state electrolytes to replace traditional liquid electrolytes has become the mainstream trend in future research. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The polymers, electrolytes, and batteries disclosed herein contain high-molecular polymers polymerized from polymerization precursors. These polymers exist in a gel state at room temperature, exhibiting not only the excellent mechanical properties of solid electrolytes but also the high ion conductivity of liquid electrolytes. Furthermore, the polymers and electrolytes disclosed herein contain colloidal polymers polymerized from lactones, lactones, and carbonates. This not only helps address safety issues such as electrolyte volatility and leakage, ensuring a safer charging and discharging environment for the battery, but also increases the contact between the electrolyte and electrodes at the interface, preventing interface separation and effectively improving ion conductivity and stability. Moreover, the polymers disclosed herein are end-capped with inert groups such as alkyl, alkoxy, ester, or aromatic groups. When the polymer contacts the electrode surface, it reacts chemically with lithium metal, effectively reducing the generation of byproducts such as oxides or sulfides that consume lithium metal. This also helps suppress metal dendrites, enhancing the chemical stability of the electrolyte and improving battery safety and cycle life.

[0005] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, a polymer is provided as a component of a battery. The polymer is polymerized from a polymerization precursor, and the polymerization precursor contains at least three monomers. Each monomer is selected from lactones, lactones, or carbonates. The polymer contains a polyester, which is linear, and the polymer ends with an inert group. The polymer has one of the following structures: BC, where B is a polyester and C is an inert group.

[0006] According to another embodiment of this disclosure, an electrolyte is provided as a component of a battery, the electrolyte comprising a polymer and a metal salt. The polymer is polymerized from a polymerization precursor. The polymer and the metal salt are uniformly mixed. The polymerization precursor comprises at least three monomers, each monomer selected from lactones, lactones, or carbonates, and the polymer comprises a polyester.

[0007] According to another embodiment of this disclosure, a battery is provided, comprising the electrolyte described above, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator. The separator is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

[0008] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, a polymer is also provided as a component of a battery. The polymer is polymerized from a polymerization precursor, and the polymerization precursor contains at least two monomers. Each monomer is selected from lactones, lactones, or carbonates. The polymer contains a polyester, which is linear, and the number average molecular weight of the polymer is Mn, satisfying the following condition: 100 Dalton ≤ Mn ≤ 3000 Dalton.

[0009] According to another embodiment of this disclosure, an electrolyte is provided as a component of a battery, the electrolyte comprising a polymer and a metal salt. The polymer is polymerized from a polymerization precursor. The polymer and the metal salt are uniformly mixed. The polymerization precursor comprises at least two monomers, each monomer selected from lactones, lactones, or carbonates, and the polymer comprises a polyester.

[0010] According to another embodiment of this disclosure, a battery is provided, comprising the electrolyte described above, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator. The separator is disposed between the positive and negative electrodes. Simple Explanation of the Diagram

[0011] none Implementation

[0012] One embodiment of this disclosure provides a polymer, which is a component of a battery. The polymer is formed by polymerizing a polymerization precursor, and the polymerization precursor contains at least three monomers. Each monomer is selected from lactones, lactones, or carbonates. The polymer contains a polyester, and the polyester is linear. Thus, this disclosure, by polymerizing at least three monomers into a polymer, provides a colloidal polymer electrolyte composed of the polymer. This not only helps solve the safety problems of electrolyte volatility and leakage, ensuring a safe charging and discharging environment for the battery, but also allows the electrolyte to fully contact the electrode interface, avoiding interface separation and effectively improving ion conductivity and stability.

[0013] Another embodiment of this disclosure provides a polymer, which is a component of a battery. The polymer is formed by polymerizing a polymerization precursor, and the polymerization precursor contains at least two monomers. Each monomer is selected from lactones, lactides, or carbonates. The polymer contains a polyester, and the polyester is linear. Therefore, the polymer electrolyte formed by polymerizing lactones, lactides, and carbonates not only helps to solve safety problems such as easy evaporation and leakage of electrolytes, ensuring a safer charging and discharging environment for the battery, but also increases the sufficient contact between the electrolyte and the electrodes at the interface, avoiding interface separation and effectively improving ion conductivity and stability.

[0014] According to the polymer disclosed herein, the polymer may have an inert group at its end, and the polymer has one of the following structures: BC, where B is a polyester and C is an inert group. Therefore, by using inert groups such as alkyl, alkoxy, ester, or aromatic groups to cap the polymer structure, chemical reactions between the electrolyte and electrode contact surfaces, as well as between the electrolyte and lithium metal, can be effectively avoided. This reduces the generation of byproducts such as oxides or sulfides that consume lithium metal, helps suppress the formation of metal dendrites, and achieves high chemical stability of the electrolyte within the battery, thereby improving battery safety and cycle life.

[0015] According to the polymer disclosed herein, the number average molecular weight of the polymer is Mn, which satisfies the following condition: 100 Dalton ≤ Mn ≤ 3000 Dalton. Therefore, by controlling the molecular weight to form a colloidal polymer, in terms of physical properties, it provides mechanical properties and high fluidity; in terms of chemical properties, it effectively avoids electrolyte volatilization leading to internal battery volume expansion and leakage. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 100 Dalton ≤ Mn ≤ 2800 Dalton. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 150 Dalton ≤ Mn ≤ 2600 Dalton. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 200 Dalton ≤ Mn ≤ 2500 Dalton. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 250 Dalton ≤ Mn ≤ 2200 Dalton. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 300 Dalton ≤ Mn ≤ 1800 Dalton.

[0016] According to the polymer disclosed herein, the polymer may have one of the following structures: A1-BC, wherein the polymerization precursor of A1 is a monohydric alcohol or a monobasic acid, the monohydric alcohol or the monobasic acid having at least 2 carbon atoms, B is a polyester, and C is an inert group. Therefore, by adding a monohydric alcohol or monobasic acid compound with a higher carbon number as a polymerization initiator, the uneven polymerization caused by differences in the initiation conditions between monomers can be avoided, thereby effectively increasing the degree of polymerization and providing a better polymerization reaction temperature.

[0017] According to the polymer disclosed herein, the polymer may have one of the following structures: C-A2-BC, wherein the polymerization precursor of A2 is a polyol or a polyacid, the polyol having a carbon number of at least 2 or greater than or equal to 2, B is a polyester, and C is an inert group. Therefore, by adding a polyol or polyacid compound with a high carbon number as a polymerization initiator, the remaining active functional groups are capped with inert groups, effectively preventing the polymer from reacting with metal salts and avoiding the generation of byproducts that damage the internal structure of the battery, thus reducing battery efficiency.

[0018] According to the polymer disclosed herein, the total mole number of the polymerization precursor containing lactones and lactones is Mlc, and the total mole number of the polymerization precursor containing carbonates is Me, which can satisfy the following condition: 0 < Mlc / Me ≤ 1. Therefore, by controlling the mass ratio of the polymer components to ensure uniform mixing with metal salts, it is helpful to improve ion transport efficiency. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.05 ≤ Mlc / Me ≤ 1. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.1 ≤ Mlc / Me ≤ 1. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.15 ≤ Mlc / Me ≤ 1. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.1 ≤ Mlc / Me ≤ 0.95. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.1 ≤ Mlc / Me ≤ 0.90. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 2 ≤ Mlc / Me < 50. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 2 ≤ Mlc / Me ≤ 45. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 2 ≤ Mlc / Me ≤ 40. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 2 ≤ Mlc / Me ≤ 35. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 2 ≤ Mlc / Me ≤ 30. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 2 ≤ Mlc / Me ≤ 25.

[0019] According to the polymer disclosed herein, the polymer's weight-average molecular weight (Mw) satisfies the following condition: 100 Dalton ≤ Mw ≤ 3000 Dalton. By controlling the molecular weight to form a colloidal polymer, it provides mechanical properties and high fluidity in terms of physical properties; and effectively prevents electrolyte volatilization from causing internal battery volume expansion and leakage in terms of chemical properties. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 100 Dalton ≤ Mw ≤ 2800 Dalton. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 150 Dalton ≤ Mw ≤ 2600 Dalton. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 200 Dalton ≤ Mw ≤ 2500 Dalton. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 300 Dalton ≤ Mw ≤ 2200 Dalton. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 350 Dalton ≤ Mw ≤ 1800 Dalton.

[0020] According to the polymer disclosed herein, the polymer has a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and a number-average molecular weight (Mn), which can satisfy the following condition: 1 < Mw / Mn ≤ 2.0. This, through the polydispersity of the polymer's molecular weight, helps to simultaneously possess the good mechanical properties of high molecular weight and the high fluidity of low molecular weight, providing the electrolyte with supporting and sufficient wetting properties. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 1 < Mw / Mn ≤ 1.9. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 1 < Mw / Mn ≤ 1.8. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 1 < Mw / Mn ≤ 1.7. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 1 < Mw / Mn ≤ 1.6. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 1.03 ≤ Mw / Mn ≤ 1.6.

[0021] According to the polymer disclosed herein, the polymer viscosity VC satisfies the following condition: 5 cP < VC < 5500 cP. This low viscosity helps to improve ion migration rate and maintain the mechanical properties of the polymer, thus enhancing battery safety. Alternatively, it satisfies the following condition: 5 cP ≤ VC ≤ 3500 cP. Alternatively, it satisfies the following condition: 5 cP ≤ VC ≤ 2000 cP. Alternatively, it satisfies the following condition: 5 cP ≤ VC ≤ 1000 cP. Alternatively, it satisfies the following condition: 10 cP ≤ VC ≤ 1000 cP. Alternatively, it satisfies the following condition: 10 cP ≤ VC ≤ 600 cP.

[0022] According to the polymer disclosed herein, the polymer's glass transition temperature (Tg) satisfies the following condition: -80°C < Tg < 0°C. Therefore, by having a lower glass transition temperature, the polymer helps reduce crystallization at room temperature, promotes ion mobility, and increases the conductivity of the electrolyte. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: -80°C ≤ Tg ≤ -5°C. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: -80°C ≤ Tg ≤ -10°C. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: -75°C ≤ Tg ≤ -10°C. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: -75°C ≤ Tg ≤ -15°C. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: -60°C ≤ Tg ≤ -20°C.

[0023] According to the polymer disclosed herein, the polymer has no melting point within a temperature range Tr, which satisfies the following condition: -80°C < Tr < 20°C. Therefore, by having the polymer's melting point occur at a higher temperature, it helps reduce the polymer's crystallinity, thereby increasing the migration ability of ions within the polymer and effectively improving the battery's charge / discharge performance.

[0024] The various technical features in the polymer disclosed herein can be combined and configured to achieve corresponding effects.

[0025] Another embodiment of this disclosure provides an electrolyte, which is a component of a battery, comprising a polymer and a metal salt. The polymer is polymerized from a polymerization precursor. The polymer and the metal salt are uniformly mixed. The polymerization precursor comprises at least three monomers, each selected from lactones, lactones, or carbonates, and the polymer comprises a polyester.

[0026] Another embodiment of this disclosure provides an electrolyte, which is a component of a battery, comprising a polymer and a metal salt. The polymer is polymerized from a polymerization precursor. The polymer and the metal salt are uniformly mixed. The polymerization precursor comprises at least two monomers, each selected from lactones, lactones, or carbonates, and the polymer comprises a polyester.

[0027] Therefore, by using an electrolyte mainly composed of polymers, which exists in a gel state at room temperature and is uniformly mixed with metal salts, it not only has the excellent mechanical properties of solid electrolytes, but also the high ion conductivity of liquid electrolytes.

[0028] According to the electrolyte disclosed herein, the electrolyte has a conductivity of Ci, which satisfies the following condition: 1 × 10⁻⁶ S·cm⁻¹ ≤ Ci. Therefore, during charge-discharge cycles, high ionic conductivity facilitates rapid ionic conduction in the electrolyte and at the electrolyte interface, effectively improving the battery's capacity and performance. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 2 × 10⁻⁶ S·cm⁻¹ ≤ Ci. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 5 × 10⁻⁶ S·cm⁻¹ ≤ Ci. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 8 × 10⁻⁶ S·cm⁻¹ ≤ Ci. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 1 × 10⁻⁵ S·cm⁻¹ ≤ Ci. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 1.05 × 10⁻⁵ S·cm⁻¹ ≤ Ci.

[0029] According to the electrolyte disclosed herein, the electrolyte may contain at least one additive, and said additive may be a crown ether. Thereby, the additive acts as an aid to improve electrochemical properties, thereby enhancing the stability of the battery during charging and discharging.

[0030] Another embodiment of this disclosure provides a battery comprising an electrolyte as described above, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator. The separator is disposed between the positive and negative electrodes.

[0031] The inert groups described in this disclosure can be low-reactivity groups containing alkyl groups (Alkyl group; CH 3-), ether groups (Alkoxy group; -O-), thioether groups (Thioether group; -SO-), ketone groups (Ketone group; -CO-), ester groups (Ester group; -COO-), acetyl groups (Alkanoyl group; -CO}), peroxy groups (Hydroperoxy group; -OO-), phenyl groups (Phenyl group; -Ph}), etc. The phenyl group can be a low-reactivity group consisting of a phenylalkyl group, phenyl ether group, phenyl ketone group, phenyl acetyl group, phenyl ester group, phenyl peroxy group, or a polycyclic aromatic group. Groups not considered inert groups in this disclosure are high-reactivity groups, such as hydroxyl groups (Hydroxy group; -OH}), amino groups (Amine group; -NH 2}), and carboxyl groups (Carboxyl group; -COOH}, etc.

[0032] The monohydric alcohol described in this disclosure is an alcohol containing one hydroxyl group and having at least two carbon atoms. The hydroxyl group can be a substituent at any position. According to the IUPAC nomenclature, the longest carbon chain containing the main functional group is used as the main chain, and the carbon closest to the functional group is labeled as carbon number 1. The position of the substituent on that carbon number is represented by a number, which can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc., depending on the length of the carbon chain. The monohydric alcohol can have any stereochemical structure, such as: transisomerism, cis-trans isomerism, phase isomerism, diastereoisomerism, or enantiomerism. The monohydric alcohol may include: 1-hexanol and its isomers, such as: 2-hexanol, 3-hexanol, 2-methylpentanol, 3-methylpentanol, 4-methylpentanol, and 2-methyl-2-pentanol. ylpentan-2-ol, 3-methyl-2-pentanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, 2-methyl-3-pentanol, 3-methyl-3-pentanol, 2,2-dimethyl-1-butanol, 2, 3-Dimethyl-1-butanol {2,3-Dimethylbutan-1-ol}, 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol {3,3-Dimethylbutan-1-ol}, 2,3-Dimethyl-2-butanol {2,3-Dimethylbutan-2-ol}, 3,3-Dimethyl-2-butanol {3,3-Dimethylbutan-2-ol}, 2-Ethyl-1-butanol {2-Ethylbutan-1-ol}; the one The alcohol may also include: ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 2-phenoxyethanol, 3-phenoxy-1-propanol, 1-phenoxy-2-propanol, or combinations thereof.

[0033] The monocarboxylic acid described in this disclosure is a carboxylic acid containing one monoprotic acid and having one carboxyl group in the compound, and containing at least 2 carbons. The carboxyl group can be a substituent at any position. According to the IUPAC nomenclature, the longest carbon chain containing the main functional group is taken as the main chain, and the carbon closest to the functional group is labeled as carbon number 1. The position of the substituent on the carbon number is represented by a number, which can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc., depending on the length of the carbon chain. The monocarboxylic acid can have any stereochemical structure, such as: transisomerism, cis-trans isomerism, phase isomerism, diastereoisomerism, or enantiomerism. The monocarboxylic acid may include: acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, benzoic acid, or combinations thereof.

[0034] The polyols described in this disclosure are alcohols containing multiple hydroxyl groups and having at least 2 or more carbon atoms. These multiple hydroxyl groups can be substituents at any position. According to the IUPAC nomenclature, the longest carbon chain containing the main functional group is taken as the main chain, and the carbon closest to the functional group is labeled as carbon number 1. The position of each substituent can be represented by a number such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc., depending on the carbon chain length. The polyols can have any stereochemical structure, such as: transisomerism, cis-trans isomerism, phase isomerism, diastereoisomerism, or enantiomerism. The polyols may include: ethylene glycol (1,2-diol), 1,3-propanediol (1,3-diol), 1,4-butanediol (1,4-diol), 1,5-pentanediol (1,5-diol), 1,6-hexanediol (1,6-diol), 1,7-heptanediol (1,7-diol), 1,8-octanediol (1,8-diol), 1,9-nonanediol (1,9-diol), 1,10-decanediol (1,10-diol), glycerol (1,2,3-triol), and trimethylolethane (2-( Hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol, trimethylolpropane {2-Ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol}, pentaerythritol {2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol}, ribitol {D-ribitol}, xylitol {meso-Xylitol}, sorbitol {(2S,3R,4R,5R)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol}, inositol {(1R,2S,3r,4R,5S,6s)-Cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol}, or combinations thereof.

[0035] The polybasic acid described in this disclosure is a carboxylic acid containing multiple monoprotic acids and multiple carboxyl groups, with at least 2 or more carbon atoms. These multiple carboxyl groups can be substituents at any position. According to the IUPAC nomenclature, the longest carbon chain containing the main functional group is taken as the main chain, and the carbon closest to the functional group is labeled as carbon number 1. The position of each substituent can be represented by a number such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc., depending on the carbon chain length. The polybasic acid can have any stereochemical structure, such as: transisomerism, cis-trans isomerism, phase isomerism, diastereoisomerism, or enantiomerism. The polyacids mentioned may include: oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, pentanedioic acid, hexanedioic acid, heptanedioic acid, octanedioic acid, nonanedioic acid, decanedioic acid, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid, methylpropanedioic acid, (Z)-But-2-enedioic acid, (E)-But-2-enedioic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, and 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid. 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid, phenylboronic acid, or a combination thereof.

[0036] The lactones described in this disclosure can be compounds containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, specifically cyclic carboxylic acid ester monomers formed by intramolecular condensation. Depending on the position of the hydroxyl group and the number of carbon atoms in the ring, various combinations are possible, including: α-acetolactone (Oxiran-2-one), β-propiolactone (Oxetan-2-one), γ-butyrolactone (Oxolan-2-one), γ-valerolactone (5-Methyloxolan-2-one), σ-valerolactone (Oxan-2-on), γ-caprolactone (5-Ethyloxolan-2-one), and ε-caprolactone (Oxepan-2-one). ε-caprolactone, δ-gluconolactone, or a combination thereof.

[0037] The lactone cyclic ester described in this disclosure can be a polycyclic diester monomer formed by esterification condensation of two identical or dissimilar compounds, both containing a hydroxycarboxylic acid. This monomer can include: glycolide (1,4-Dioxane-2,5-dione), lactide (3,6-Dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione), or combinations thereof. Based on the differences in the spatial arrangement of atoms, lactide can be further subdivided into LL-lactide ((R,R)-3,6-Dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione), DD-lactide ((S,S)-3,6-Dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione), and DL-lactide ((meso)-3,6-Dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione). DL-lactide. Alternatively, it can be a carboxylic acid compound containing a hydroxyl group, which can be directly copolymerized to form a polymer without ring-opening reaction, including: 2-hydroxyacetic acid, 3-hydroxypropanoic acid, 4-hydroxybutanoic acid, 5-hydroxyvaleric acid, or combinations thereof.

[0038] The carbonate esters described in this disclosure can be compounds in which the hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl groups in a carbonate molecule are partially or completely replaced by alkyl groups. They can be divided into cyclic carbonates and linear carbonates. The linear carbonates can include: dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), methyl propyl carbonate (MPC), ethyl propyl carbonate (EPC), and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methyl carbonate (FEMC).Cyclic carbonates may include: ethylene carbonate {1,3-Dioxolan-2-one; Ethylene carbonate; EC}, propylene carbonate {4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; Propylene carbonate; PC}, trimethylene carbonate {1,3-Dioxan-2-one; Trimethylene carbonate; TMC}, 1,2-butenyl carbonate {4-Ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; 1,2-Butylene carbonate}, 2,3-butenyl carbonate {(4R,5S)-4,5-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; cis-2,3-Butylene carbonate}, 1,2-pentenyl carbonate {1,2-Pentylene carbonate}, 2,3-pentenyl carbonate {2,3-Pentylene carbonate}, and vinylene carbonate {2H-1,3-Dioxol-2-one; Vinylene carbonate; VC, ethylene carbonate (4-Vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), trans-4,5-Difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one), vinyl trithiocarbonate, or combinations thereof.

[0039] The ring-opening polymerization described in this disclosure involves breaking the chemical bonds of cyclic monomers into chain monomers. Initiators can be added to stimulate the chemical reactivity of the monomers, initiating free radical addition polymerization and copolymerization reactions to form polymers with longer molecular chains.

[0040] The initiators described in this disclosure can be monohydric alcohols, monohydric acids, polyhydric alcohols, or polyhydric acids, such as: 1-hexanol, 3-phenoxy-1-propanol, acetic acid, and ethylene glycol; they can also be peroxides or aromatic ketones, including alkyl peroxides, alkyl hydroperoxides, ester peroxides, azo compounds, benzophenones, alkyl aromatic ketones, and benzoazo compounds, such as: hydrogen peroxide, diphenylperoxyanhydride, acetic nitric peroxyanhydride, 2-(tert-Butylperoxy)-2-methylpropane, and tert-Butyl peroxide. The following are listed: peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, 2,2'-Azobis(2-methylpropionitrile), 2,2'-Azodi(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 1-Hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone, Bis(2,6-difluoro-3-(1-hydropyrrol-1-YL)phenyl)titanocene, Dicarbonylbis(η-5-cyclopentadienyl)titanium, 2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, 2-Isopropylthioxanthone, and Ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate. 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, 2,2-Bimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 2,4,6-(trimethylbenzoyl)diphenylphosphine oxide6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 2-methyl-1-[4-methylthiophenyl]-2-morpholino, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)butanone, Diphenylmethanone, 4-Chlorobenzophenone, 4,4'-Bis(diethylamino)benzophenone, 4-(4-Methylphenylthio)benzophenone, 2-Ethylhexyl benzoate The initiator can be any combination of the following: 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate, methyl benzoate, methyl 2-benzoylbenzoate, phenyl tribromomethyl sulfone, 2,2'-Bis(2-chlorophenyl)-4,4',5,5'-tetraphenyl-1,2'-biimidazole, crystal violet, or a combination thereof. The mole ratio of the initiator can be adjusted according to the design. For example, if the mole ratio of the initiator is p, the total mole ratio of the polymerization precursor is q, where p and q can be any integer from 0 to 10 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10).

[0041] The polymerization precursor described in this disclosure may be composed of at least one monomer, which is selected from lactone, lactide, or carbonate. The mole ratio of each monomer can be adjusted according to the design, such as the mole ratio of lactone being a, the mole ratio of lactide being b, and the mole ratio of carbonate being c, where a, b, and c can all be any integer from 0 to 10, i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.

[0042] The catalysts described herein can accelerate the overall chemical reaction rate and activate ring-opening polymerization by assisting reaction pathways with lower activation energies. They can be selected from polyester polyols, pyridine compounds, organic amine compounds, organotin compounds, organotitanium compounds, metal salts of organic carbonic acid, inorganic acids, metal salts of inorganic carbonic acid, or combinations thereof. They may also include tin, zinc, aluminum, or other alkali metal compounds containing imino {HC-N} or alkylimino {RC=N}.

[0043] The crosslinking agent described in this disclosure can be added during the preparation of the polymer to crosslink multiple linear molecules to form a network structure, thereby enhancing the electrochemical stability of the electrolyte. The crosslinking agent can be selected from isocyanate compounds, ether-containing epoxy resin compounds, alcohol compounds, amine compounds, aziridine compounds, or vinyl-containing compounds.

[0044] The metal salts described in this disclosure may be inorganic lithium acid salts such as LiPF6, LiBF4, LiSbF6, LiAsF6, LiClO4, LiC4BO8, LiTFSI, LiFSI, LiNO3, and LiGaCl4; fluorine-containing lithium sulfonate salts such as LiCF3SO3, LiN(C2F5SO2)2, LiN(CF3SO2)2, and LiC(CF3SO2)3; LiBF2(C2O4){LiDFOB}, LiB(C2O4)2{LiBOB}, or combinations thereof. The metal salts may contain a variety of different oxidation states.

[0045] The cathode material described in this disclosure may be a lithium composite metal oxide containing lithium or at least one metal, such as lithium iron phosphate {LiFePO4}, lithium manganese oxide {LiMnO2, LiMn2O4}, lithium cobalt oxide {LiCoO2}, lithium nickel oxide {LiNiO2}, lithium nickel cobalt oxide {LiNiCoO2}, lithium nickel manganese oxide {LiNiMnO4}, lithium manganese cobalt oxide {LiCoMnO2, LiCoMnO4}, lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide {LiNiCoMnO2, LiNiCoMnO4}, or a combination thereof. The lithium composite metal oxide may contain a variety of different oxidation states.

[0046] The negative electrode material described in this disclosure may be lithium metal, carbon-based material {graphite}, silicon-based material {silicon, silicon oxide, silicon-carbon composite, silicon alloy, or core-shell composite formed by silicon particles and polymers}, lithium-containing metal oxide {Li4Ti5O12}, or a combination thereof.

[0047] The separator described herein may be a porous membrane, and may contain single or multiple layers of polyolefins, polyamides, or polyester fibers, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), or epoxy resin; or may contain at least one inorganic ceramic composite film such as Mg(OH)₂, MgO, BaSO₄, SnO₂, NiO, CaO, Al₂O₃, ZnO, SiO₂, or TiO₂, or a combination thereof, on its surface. The inorganic ceramic composite film may contain a variety of different oxidation states.

[0048] The additives described herein may be cyclic compounds containing ether groups, aromatic compounds, phosphorus-containing compounds, boron-containing compounds, inorganic oxides, 1,3-propanesulfonate lactone {Oxathiolane 2,2-dione}, propenyl-1,3-sulfonate lactone {Prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone}, or combinations thereof.

[0049] The ether-containing cyclic compound additives disclosed herein may be crown ethers, wherein the crown ethers are ethylene-oxygenated units {-CH₂CH₂O-} with the main repeating unit structure, and may include: 9-crown ether-3 {1,4,7-Trioxonane; 9-Crown-3}, 12-crown ether-4 {1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane; 12-Crown-4}, 15-crown ether-5 {1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane; 15-Crown-5}, 18-crown ether-6 {1,4,7,10,13,16-Hexaoxacyclooctadecane; 18-Crown-6}, 21-crown ether-7 {1,4,7,10,13,16,19-Heptaoxacycloheneicosane; 21-Crown-7}, dibenzo-18-crown-6 {6,7,9,10,17,18,20,21-Octahydrodibenzo[b,k][1,4,7,10,13,16]hexaoxacyclooctadecine; Dibenzo-18-crown-6}, diaza-18-crown-6 {1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane; Diaza-18-crown-6}, or combinations thereof.

[0050] The aromatic compound additives described in this disclosure may include: methoxybenzene, 1-Ethynyl-4-methoxybenzene, tert-Butylbenzene, fluorobenzene, 1,2-Difluorobenzene, 1,1'-Oxydibenzene, 1,4-Diphenylbenzene, 2-Fluoro-4-(2-methyl-2-propanyl)aniline, N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl]aniline, or combinations thereof.

[0051] The phosphorus-containing compound additives disclosed herein may be tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite (TMSPi), tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriphosphazene (1,3,5,2,4,6-Triazatriphosphorine, 2-ethoxy-2,4,4,6,6-pentafluoro-2,2,4,4,6,6-hexahydro-), or combinations thereof.

[0052] The boron-containing compound additives described in this disclosure may be trimethyl borate, tris(trimethylsilyl) borate, 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriborinane, or a combination thereof.

[0053] The inorganic oxide additives disclosed herein can be composite materials such as lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide {LiLaZrO}, lithium lanthanum zirconium tantalum oxide {LiLaZrTaO}, lithium lanthanum titanium oxide {LiLaTiO}, lithium phosphate {LiPO}, lithium fluorinated phosphate {LiPOF}, lithium titanium phosphate {LiTiPO}, lithium aluminum germanium phosphate {LiAlGeP}, lithium aluminum titanium phosphate {LiAlTiPO}, lithium germanium phosphorus sulfide oxide {LiGePSO}, lithium tin phosphorus sulfide oxide {LiSnPSO}, lead zirconium titanium oxide {PbZrTiO}, lead lanthanum zirconium titanium oxide {PbLaZrTiO}, and barium titanium oxide {BaTiO}. These inorganic oxide additives can contain various oxidation states, or be Al₂O₃, TiO₂, SiO₂, SnO₂, NiO, ZnO, CaO, MgO, ZrO₂, CeO₂, Y₂O, etc. Type 3, which can reduce the crystallinity of polymer electrolytes, thereby increasing ionic conductivity and the physical and mechanical strength of electrolytes, helps to enhance battery cycle life.

[0054] The straight chain described in this disclosure refers to a long, straight-chain polymer formed by monomers polymerizing primarily in a single direction.

[0055] The molecular weights described in this disclosure are analyzed using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), which can be used to measure the molecular weight and distribution of polymers. It primarily utilizes the fact that polymers are separated by size in a stationary phase; larger molecular weights have shorter residence times, and vice versa. The residence time (or eluent volume) of the polymer is compared with a calibration curve of molecular weight to determine the relative molecular weight of the polymer. From this, the weight-average molecular weight and number-average molecular weight can be calculated, thus revealing the molecular weight dispersity of the polymer.

[0056] The weight-average molecular weight described in this disclosure is a statistical description, which can be divided into total molecular weight and individual molecular weights. The total molecular weight is determined by considering the measurement range as a total peak in the data relating residence time (or effluent volume) and relative concentration, and obtaining the total peak value through weighted averaging. This peak value is then compared with the calibration curve of a standard to obtain the total molecular weight of the polymer. The individual molecular weights are those where individual peaks are clearly distinguishable within the measurement range in the data relating residence time (or effluent volume) and relative concentration. The distinguishing criterion is that the first obtained... The maximum relative concentration value within the measurement range is used as the threshold. Peaks whose relative concentration values ​​are at least greater than or equal to 5% of the maximum relative concentration value are named sequentially from shortest to longest residence time as the first peak, second peak, third peak, fourth peak, fifth peak, sixth peak, seventh peak, eighth peak, ninth peak, tenth peak, and so on. Each peak is compared with the calibration curve of the standard to obtain the individual molecular weight of the polymer. 2% of the maximum relative concentration value is used as the cutoff criterion for selecting the measurement range. If the overlap ratio of individual peaks is too large to distinguish them, only the overall molecular weight needs to be calculated.

[0057] The conductivity described in this disclosure is obtained by applying an alternating current of 1 Hz to 1000 kHz with an amplitude of 50 mV to the polymer or electrolyte using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), measuring the resistance value, and then calculating the conductivity using the following formula: Ci = (1 / R)×(L / A), where Ci (S·cm⁻¹) is the conductivity, R (Ω) is the resistance value, L (cm) is the distance between the two electrodes, and A (cm²) is the cross-sectional area of ​​the analyte and the electrode. L / A can be expressed as the conductivity coefficient (cm⁻¹).

[0058] The electrochemical stability described in this disclosure is measured cyclically using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) at a scan rate of 0.1 V / s under conditions where the relative voltage of Li / Li+ is between -5 V and 5 V, thus obtaining the corresponding changes in the relationship between current and potential.

[0059] The flash point described in this disclosure represents the lowest temperature at which the gas emitted by a substance under one atmosphere of pressure ignites upon contact with an ignition source. Measurement methods can be divided into open-cup and closed-cup methods. The open-cup method can be the Cleveland open-cup method, and the instrument used can be, for example, ASTM D92. The closed-cup method can be the Pan-Ma closed-cup method, the Te-type closed-cup method, or the mini closed-cup method, and the instrument used can be, for example, ASTM D56, ASTM D93, or ASTM D7094. The flash point of polymers is Fpp (°C), which satisfies the following conditions: 80°C < Fpp < 500°C; 100°C < Fpp < 400°C; 120°C < Fpp < 350°C; 150°C < Fpp < 250°C; or 200°C < Fpp < 500°C. The flash point of the electrolyte is Fpe (°C), which can meet the following conditions: 80°C < Fpe < 500°C; 100°C < Fpe < 400°C; 120°C < Fpe < 350°C; 150°C < Fpe < 250°C; or 200°C < Fpe < 500°C. Compared with commercially available liquid electrolytes with flash points ranging from 20°C to 80°C, the colloidal polymer or colloidal electrolyte described in this disclosure has a higher flash point, indicating high-temperature resistance. This helps to enhance the safety and cycle life of the battery, avoiding safety concerns caused by overheating leading to internal short circuits.

[0060] The polymers described in this disclosure may be further processed through dehydration purification, extraction, high-temperature heating under atmospheric conditions, high-temperature distillation, high-temperature vacuum drying, and low-temperature vacuum drying to improve monomer polymerization efficiency, increase lithium salt solubility, or improve conductivity.

[0061] The molecular weight described in this disclosure can be expressed as number average molecular weight or weight average molecular weight. Number average molecular weight is the molecular weight averaged by counting the number of molecules, calculated by dividing the total weight of all polymer molecules by the total number of molecules. Weight average molecular weight is the molecular weight averaged by weight, calculated by multiplying the molecular weight of each polymer by its proportion of the total weight. The ratio of weight average molecular weight to number average molecular weight indicates the degree of dispersion of the polymer molecular weight. The closer the ratio is to 1, the more uniform the distribution of molecular weight; the larger the ratio, the more dispersed the distribution of molecular weight.

[0062] The battery described in this disclosure may include a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte. The separator may be disposed between the positive and negative electrodes, and the electrolyte may fill the entire internal structure of the battery.

[0063] The battery described in this disclosure can be a primary battery or a secondary battery. The electrochemical carrier of the primary or secondary battery can be at least one of a button carrier, a wound carrier, or a stacked carrier. It can be applied to portable electronic products such as digital cameras, mobile phones, laptops, game console handles, etc., which require lightweight and thin designs. It can also be applied to large-scale energy storage industries such as light electric vehicles and electric vehicles.

[0064] Based on the above implementation methods, specific embodiments are described in detail below.

[0065] <First Comparative Example>

[0066] Table 1 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers in the first comparative example, where Me is the total mole number of the polymerization precursor containing carbonate, Mlc is the total mole number of the polymerization precursor containing lactone and lactone, Tg is the glass transition temperature of the polymer, Tm is the melting point of the polymer, VC is the viscosity of the polymer, Fpp is the flash point of the polymer, Mw is the weight average molecular weight of the polymer, Mn is the number average molecular weight of the polymer, R is the resistivity of the electrolyte, L / A is the conductivity coefficient of the electrolyte, and Ci is the conductivity value of the electrolyte. Table 1. First Comparative Example Polymer properties Monomer composition PEG600 End - Types of initiators - Catalyst concentration (%) A - B - Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) - carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) - propylene carbonate (PC) - Me - Mlc - Me / Mlc - Tg (°C) - Tm (°C) - VC (cP) 130 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts Value 1 R (Ω) -Lithium Salt 1.33E+07 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium Salt 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.25E-07 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 1.01E+07 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.65E-07 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 2.01E+07 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 8.29E-08 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts 2.51E+04 L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts 3.78E-06

[0067] The parameter definitions for each of the following comparative examples and embodiments are the same as those in Table 1 of the first comparative example, and will not be repeated hereafter.

[0068] <Second Comparative Example>

[0069] Table 2 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers included in the second comparative example. Table 2. Second Comparative Example Polymer properties Monomer composition PEG600 End Esterification capping Types of initiators Acetic acid Catalyst concentration (%) A H₂SO₄ B Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) - carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) - propylene carbonate (PC) - Me - Mlc - Me / Mlc - Tg (°C) - Tm (°C) - VC (cP) 104 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts -

[0070] <Third Comparative Example>

[0071] Table 3 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers included in the third comparative example. Table 3. Third Comparative Example Polymer properties Monomer composition PEG600 End Etherification capping Types of initiators - Catalyst concentration (%) A - B - Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) - carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) - propylene carbonate (PC) - Me - Mlc - Me / Mlc - Tg (°C) - Tm (°C) - VC (cP) 289 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 1.10E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.52E-05 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts 2.26E+04 L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts 4.20E-06

[0072] <Fourth Comparative Example>

[0073] The fourth comparative example presents the properties of different monomers that have not undergone polymerization. Table 4 shows the properties of the materials in the fourth comparative example, detailed molecular weight values ​​of the materials, and electrolyte properties of the materials containing the fourth comparative example. Table 4, Fourth Comparative Example Material properties Monomer composition CL, EC, PC End - Types of initiators - Catalyst concentration (%) A - B - Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) - carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) - propylene carbonate (PC) - Me - Mlc - Me / Mlc - Tg (°C) - Tm (°C) - VC (cP) - Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - Material molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 1.05E+06 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.59E-06 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 2.40E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 6.94E-06 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts 1.59E+03 L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts 597E-05

[0074] <First Embodiment>

[0075] Table 5 presents the polymer properties of the first embodiment, detailed values ​​of polymer molecular weight, and electrolyte properties of the polymer included in the first embodiment. Table 5. First Embodiment Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC End Esterification capping Types of initiators Hexanol Catalyst concentration (%) A - B - Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) - Me 1 Mlc 1 Me / Mlc 1 Tg (°C) - Tm (°C) Y VC (cP) - Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) 9210 Mn (Dalton) 5233 Mw / Mn 1.76 Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts -

[0076] <Second Embodiment>

[0077] Table 6 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers included in the second embodiment. Table 6. Second Embodiment Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC End - Types of initiators Hexanol Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B - Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) - propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 1 Me / Mlc 1 Tg (°C) N Tm (°C) Y VC (cP) 3050 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 6516 Mn (Dalton) 3879 Mw / Mn 1.68 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) 7253 Mn (Dalton) 4047 Mw / Mn 1.79 Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts -

[0078] <Third Embodiment>

[0079] Table 7 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers in the third embodiment. Table 7. Third Embodiment Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + LA End - Types of initiators Hexanol Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B - Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) 1 lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) - Me 2 Mlc 1 Me / Mlc 2 Tg (°C) N Tm (°C) N VC (cP) 330 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 1.20E+06 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.39E-06 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 1.21E+06 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.38E-06 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts 1.38E+05 L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts 6.88E-07

[0080] <Fourth Embodiment>

[0081] Table 8 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values ​​of the polymer, and electrolyte properties of the polymer included in the fourth embodiment. Table 8, Fourth Embodiment Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC End - Types of initiators Hexanol Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B - Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) - Me 1 Mlc 1 Me / Mlc 1 Tg (°C) - Tm (°C) - VC (cP) 113 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 3637 Mn (Dalton) 2450 Mw / Mn 1.48 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 6.88E+06 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 2.42E-07 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts -

[0082] <Fifth Embodiment>

[0083] Table 9 presents the polymer properties of the fifth embodiment, detailed values ​​of polymer molecular weight, and electrolyte properties of the polymer included in the fifth embodiment. Table 9, Fifth Embodiment Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Hexanol Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B - Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) -55 Tm (°C) Y VC (cP) 75.4 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) 2440 Mn (Dalton) 2276 Mw / Mn 1.07 Second peak Mw (Dalton) 1488 Mn (Dalton) 1483 Mw / Mn 1.00 Third peak Mw (Dalton) 1206 Mn (Dalton) 1201 Mw / Mn 1.00 Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) 938 Mn (Dalton) 932 Mw / Mn 1.01 Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) 732 Mn (Dalton) 730 Mw / Mn 1.00 Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 1.43E+07 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.17E-07 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 6.80E+06 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 2.45E-07 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts 2.59E+04 L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts 3.67E-06

[0084] <Sixth Embodiment>

[0085] Table 10 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers in the sixth embodiment. Table 10, Sixth Embodiment Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Hexanol Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B - Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) N Tm (°C) N VC (cP) 7.69 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 909 Mn (Dalton) 864 Mw / Mn 1.05 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) 955 Mn (Dalton) 902 Mw / Mn 1.06 Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 1.52E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.10E-05 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 1.50E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.11E-05 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts -

[0086] <Seventh Embodiment>

[0087] Table 11 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers included in the seventh embodiment. Table 11, Implementation Example 7 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Hexanol Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B - Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) N Tm (°C) Y VC (cP) 10.5 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 951 Mn (Dalton) 896 Mw / Mn 1.06 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) 976 Mn (Dalton) 914 Mw / Mn 1.07 Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 1.48E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.13E-05 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 4.24E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 3.93E-06 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts 8.94E+03 L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts 1.06E-05

[0088] <Eighth Embodiment>

[0089] Table 12 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers included in the eighth embodiment. Table XII. Eighth Embodiment Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Hexanol Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B - Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) N Tm (°C) N VC (cP) 114.2 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 592 Mn (Dalton) 516 Mw / Mn 1.15 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) 842 Mn (Dalton) 693 Mw / Mn 1.22 Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) 1442 Mn (Dalton) 1414 Mw / Mn 1.02 Second peak Mw (Dalton) 1041 Mn (Dalton) 1036 Mw / Mn 1.00 Third peak Mw (Dalton) 784 Mn (Dalton) 779 Mw / Mn 1.01 Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 4.49E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 3.71E-06 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 3.83E+04 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 4.35E-05 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 1.96E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 8.50E-06 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts 1.15E+04 L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts 8.26E-06

[0090] <Ninth Embodiment>

[0091] Table 13 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers included in the ninth embodiment. Table XIII. Ninth Embodiment Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Propylene glycol phenyl ether Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B - Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) -70 Tm (°C) N VC (cP) 56.7 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 542 Mn (Dalton) 379 Mw / Mn 1.43 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) 2178 Mn (Dalton) 2140 Mw / Mn 1.02 Second peak Mw (Dalton) 1660 Mn (Dalton) 1656 Mw / Mn 1.00 Third peak Mw (Dalton) 1388 Mn (Dalton) 1385 Mw / Mn 1.00 Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) 1123 Mn (Dalton) 1119 Mw / Mn 1.00 Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) 859 Mn (Dalton) 854 Mw / Mn 1.01 Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) 698 Mn (Dalton) 697 Mw / Mn 1.00 Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 5.02E+06 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 3.32E-07 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 4.44E+06 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 3.75E-07 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts 1.46E+04 L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts 6.51E-06

[0092] <Tenth Embodiment>

[0093] Table 14 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers included in the tenth embodiment. Table XIV, Tenth Embodiment Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Ethylene glycol Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B 0.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) N Tm (°C) N VC (cP) 123.2 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 1068 Mn (Dalton) 805 Mw / Mn 1.33 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) 2383 Mn (Dalton) 2283 Mw / Mn 1.04 Second peak Mw (Dalton) 1631 Mn (Dalton) 1627 Mw / Mn 1.00 Third peak Mw (Dalton) 1365 Mn (Dalton) 1361 Mw / Mn 1.00 Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) 1100 Mn (Dalton) 1095 Mw / Mn 1.00 Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) 834 Mn (Dalton) 829 Mw / Mn 1.01 Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) 682 Mn (Dalton) 682 Mw / Mn 1.00 Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 2.11E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 7.90E-06 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 2.75E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 6.06E-06 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts 2.93E+04 L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts 3.24E-06

[0094] <Eleventh Embodiment>

[0095] Table 15 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymer included in the eleventh embodiment. Table 15, Example 11 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Propylene glycol phenyl ether Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B 0.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) -60 Tm (°C) N VC (cP) 87.5 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 597 Mn (Dalton) 401 Mw / Mn 1.49 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) 2211 Mn (Dalton) 2163 Mw / Mn 1.02 Second peak Mw (Dalton) 1644 Mn (Dalton) 1641 Mw / Mn 1.00 Third peak Mw (Dalton) 1379 Mn (Dalton) 1376 Mw / Mn 1.00 Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) 1114 Mn (Dalton) 1110 Mw / Mn 1.00 Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) 851 Mn (Dalton) 846 Mw / Mn 1.01 Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) 696 Mn (Dalton) 696 Mw / Mn 1.00 Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 3.64E+07 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 4.58E-08 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 5.99E+07 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 2.78E-08 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts -

[0096] <Twelfth Embodiment>

[0097] Table 16 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers included in the 12th embodiment. Table 16, Example 12 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Propylene glycol phenyl ether Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B 0.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) -60 Tm (°C) N VC (cP) 162.3 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 541 Mn (Dalton) 388 Mw / Mn 1.39 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) 798 Mn (Dalton) 510 Mw / Mn 1.56 Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 1.93E+06 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 8.64E-07 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts -

[0098] <Thirteenth Embodiment>

[0099] Table 17 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymer included in the thirteenth embodiment. Table XVII, Example XIII Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Propylene glycol phenyl ether Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B 0.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) -60 Tm (°C) N VC (cP) 181 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 501 Mn (Dalton) 372 Mw / Mn 1.35 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) 849 Mn (Dalton) 531 Mw / Mn 1.60 Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 1.23E+06 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.36E-06 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts -

[0100] <Fourteenth Embodiment>

[0101] Table 18 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers included in the fourteenth embodiment. Table 18, Example 14 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Propylene glycol phenyl ether Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B 0.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) -60 Tm (°C) N VC (cP) 79.1 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 417 Mn (Dalton) 339 Mw / Mn 1.23 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) 524 Mn (Dalton) 389 Mw / Mn 1.35 Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 2.60E+06 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 6.41E-07 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 5.84E+07 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 2.85E-08 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts -

[0102] <Fifteenth Embodiment>

[0103] Table 19 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers included in the fifteenth embodiment. Table 19, Example 15 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Propylene glycol phenyl ether Catalyst concentration (%) A 1 B 0.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) -65 Tm (°C) N VC (cP) 68.2 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 502 Mn (Dalton) 374 Mw / Mn 1.34 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) 565 Mn (Dalton) 398 Mw / Mn 1.42 Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 1.48E+06 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.13E-06 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 1.51E+07 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.10E-07 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts -

[0104] <Sixteenth Embodiment>

[0105] Table 20 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers included in the sixteenth embodiment. Table 20, Example 16 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Hexanol Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B 0.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) - Tm (°C) Y VC (cP) 173 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 453 Mn (Dalton) 413 Mw / Mn 1.10 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) 2036 Mn (Dalton) 1280 Mw / Mn 1.59 Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 3.74E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 4.46E-06 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 1.36E+08 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.23E-08 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts -

[0106] <Seventeenth Embodiment>

[0107] Table 21 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers in the seventeenth embodiment. Table 21, Example 17 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Hexanol Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B 0.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) -75 Tm (°C) Y VC (cP) 564 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 530 Mn (Dalton) 424 Mw / Mn 1.25 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) 2453 Mn (Dalton) 1457 Mw / Mn 1.68 Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 5.70E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 2.92E-06 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 8.82E+09 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.89E-10 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts -

[0108] <Eighteenth Embodiment>

[0109] Table 22 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers included in the 18th embodiment. Table 22, Example 18 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Hexanol Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B 0.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) -75 Tm (°C) Y VC (cP) 616.9 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 677 Mn (Dalton) 555 Mw / Mn 1.22 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) 3599 Mn (Dalton) 1564 Mw / Mn 2.30 Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 3.28E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 5.08E-06 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 4.70E+09 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 3.55E-10 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts -

[0110] <Nineteenth Embodiment>

[0111] Table 23 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers in the nineteenth embodiment. Table 23, Example 19 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Hexanol Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B 0.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) -65 Tm (°C) N VC (cP) 5226 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 559 Mn (Dalton) 480 Mw / Mn 1.16 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) 6778 Mn (Dalton) 4349 Mw / Mn 1.56 Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 1.03E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.62E-05 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 7.88E+09 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 2.12E-10 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·m -1) +Lithium salts -

[0112] <Twentieth Embodiment>

[0113] Table 24 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers included in the 20th embodiment. Table 24, Example 20 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Hexanol Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B 0.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) -65 Tm (°C) Y VC (cP) 679.1 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 449 Mn (Dalton) 415 Mw / Mn 1.08 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) 2484 Mn (Dalton) 1552 Mw / Mn 1.60 Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 4.90E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 3.40E-06 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts -

[0114] <Twenty-first embodiment>

[0115] Table 25 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers included in the twenty-first embodiment. Table 25, Example 21 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Hexanol Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B 1.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) -75 Tm (°C) Y VC (cP) 909.3 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 701 Mn (Dalton) 573 Mw / Mn 1.22 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) 3131 Mn (Dalton) 1716 Mw / Mn 1.82 Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 1.39E+06 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.20E-06 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 1.42E+09 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.17E-09 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts -

[0116] <Twenty-second embodiment>

[0117] Table 26 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers included in the twenty-second embodiment. Table 26, Example 22 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Hexanol Catalyst concentration (%) A 1 B 2.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) -65 Tm (°C) Y VC (cP) 714.8 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 536 Mn (Dalton) 467 Mw / Mn 1.15 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) 2218 Mn (Dalton) 1331 Mw / Mn 1.67 Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 3.64E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 4.58E-06 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 1.06E+08 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.57E-08 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts -

[0118] <Twenty-third Embodiment>

[0119] Table 27 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers included in the twenty-third embodiment. Table 27, Example 23 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Hexanol Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B 3.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) N Tm (°C) Y VC (cP) 7.85 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 428 Mn (Dalton) 380 Mw / Mn 1.13 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) 1097 Mn (Dalton) 764 Mw / Mn 1.44 Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 1.41E+06 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.18E-06 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 5.51E+09 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 3.02E-10 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts -

[0120] <Twenty-fourth Embodiment>

[0121] Table 28 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers included in the 24th embodiment. Table 28, Example 24 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Ethylene glycol Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B 0.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) N Tm (°C) Y VC (cP) 149.1 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 623 Mn (Dalton) 546 Mw / Mn 1.14 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) 934 Mn (Dalton) 735 Mw / Mn 1.27 Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts numerical values 1 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 6.15E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 2.71E-06 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 6.11E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 2.73E-06 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts -

[0122] <Twenty-fifth Embodiment>

[0123] Table 29 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers included in the 25th embodiment. Table 29, Example 25 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Ethylene glycol Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B 0.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) N Tm (°C) Y VC (cP) 171 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 764 Mn (Dalton) 623 Mw / Mn 1.23 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) 1023 Mn (Dalton) 784 Mw / Mn 1.30 Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts Value 1 R (Ω) -Lithium Salt 8.20E+04 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium Salt 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium Salt 2.03E-05 2 R (Ω) -Lithium Salt - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium Salt 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 9.11E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.83E-06 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts -

[0124] <Twenty-sixth Embodiment>

[0125] Table 30 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers in the 26th embodiment. Table 30, Example 26 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End Esterification capping Types of initiators Ethylene glycol Catalyst concentration (%) A 2 B 0.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) -35 Tm (°C) Y VC (cP) 241 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 718 Mn (Dalton) 608 Mw / Mn 1.18 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts Value 1 R (Ω) -Lithium Salt 1.64E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium Salt 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium Salt 1.02E-05 2 R (Ω) -Lithium Salt - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium Salt 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 2.90E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 5.75E-06 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts 1.16E+04 L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts 8.19E-06

[0126] <Twenty-seventh Embodiment>

[0127] Table 31 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers in the 27th embodiment. Table 31, Example 27 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End Isocyanate capping Types of initiators Ethylene glycol Catalyst concentration (%) A 2 B 0.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) N Tm (°C) N VC (cP) 113.4 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 768 Mn (Dalton) 630 Mw / Mn 1.22 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts Value 1 R (Ω) -Lithium Salt 1.56E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium Salt 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium Salt 1.07E-05 2 R (Ω) -Lithium Salt - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 8.94E+04 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.86E-05 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts -

[0128] <Twenty-eighth Embodiment>

[0129] Table 32 presents the polymer properties, detailed values ​​of polymer molecular weight, and electrolyte properties of the polymers in the 28th embodiment. Table 32, Example 28 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Hexanol Catalyst concentration (%) A 2 B 0.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) -65 Tm (°C) Y VC (cP) 53.5 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 462 Mn (Dalton) 403 Mw / Mn 1.15 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) 739 Mn (Dalton) 568 Mw / Mn 1.30 Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts Value 1 R (Ω) -Lithium Salt 2.15E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium Salt 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium Salt 7.75E-06 2 R (Ω) -Lithium Salt - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 1.11E+06 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.50E-06 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts -

[0130] <Twenty-ninth Embodiment>

[0131] Table 33 presents the polymer properties, detailed values ​​of polymer molecular weight, and electrolyte properties of the polymers comprising the twenty-ninth embodiment. Table 33, Example 29 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Ethylene glycol Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B 0.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) N Tm (°C) N VC (cP) 105.6 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 744 Mn (Dalton) 613 Mw / Mn 1.21 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts Value 1 R (Ω) -Lithium Salt 1.64E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium Salt 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium Salt 1.02E-05 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts 9.65E+04 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.73E-05 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts 1.14E+04 L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts 8.33E-06

[0132] <Thirtieth Embodiment>

[0133] Table 34 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values ​​of the polymers in the 30th embodiment, and the electrolyte properties of the polymers included in the 30th embodiment. Table 34, Example 30 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Ethylene glycol Catalyst concentration (%) A 1 B 0.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) N Tm (°C) N VC (cP) 45.8 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 526 Mn (Dalton) 474 Mw / Mn 1.11 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts Value 1 R (Ω) -Lithium Salt 1.35E+05 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium Salt 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium Salt 1.23E-05 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts 4.00E+03 L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts 2.38E-05

[0134] <Thirty-first embodiment>

[0135] Table 35 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers included in the 31st embodiment. Table 35, Example 31 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End - Types of initiators Ethylene glycol Catalyst concentration (%) A 2 B 0.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) N Tm (°C) N VC (cP) 55.3 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 794 Mn (Dalton) 601 Mw / Mn 1.32 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts Value 1 R (Ω) -Lithium Salt 7.29E+04 L / A (cm -1) -Lithium Salt 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium Salt 2.29E-05 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts 1.67 Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts -

[0136] <Thirty-second embodiment>

[0137] Table 36 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers included in the 32nd embodiment. Table 36, Example 32 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End Esterification capping Types of initiators Ethylene glycol Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B 0.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) N Tm (°C) N VC (cP) 53.5 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 - ASTM D7094 - polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 548 Mn (Dalton) 495 Mw / Mn 1.11 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts Value 1 R (Ω) -Lithium Salt - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium Salt - Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium Salt - 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts - Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts - Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts 4.40E+03 L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts 2.16E-05

[0138] <Thirty-third Embodiment>

[0139] Table 37 presents the polymer properties, detailed molecular weight values, and electrolyte properties of the polymers included in the 33rd embodiment. Table 37, Example 33 Polymer properties Monomer composition CL + EC + PC End Isocyanate capping Types of initiators Ethylene glycol Catalyst concentration (%) A 0.5 B 0.5 Mole number ratio Lactose monomer Lactose (LA) - lactone monomer Caprolactone (CL) 1 carbonate monomers Ethylene carbonate (EC) 1 propylene carbonate (PC) 1 Me 1 Mlc 2 Me / Mlc 0.5 Tg (°C) N Tm (°C) N VC (cP) 89.4 Fpp (°C) ASTM D93 128 ASTM D7094 122 polymer molecular weight Total molecular weight -1 Mw (Dalton) 559 Mn (Dalton) 511 Mw / Mn 1.09 Total molecular weight -2 Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Individual molecular weights First peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Second peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Third peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fourth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Fifth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Sixth peak Mw (Dalton) - Mn (Dalton) - Mw / Mn - Electrolyte properties Metal salts Value 1 R (Ω) -Lithium Salt - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium Salt - Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium Salt - 2 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts - Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 3 R (Ω) -Lithium salts - L / A (cm -1) -Lithium salts - Ci (S·cm -1) -Lithium salts - 4 R (Ω) +Lithium salts 3.80E+03 L / A (cm -1) +Lithium salts 0.095 Ci (S·cm -1) +Lithium salts 2.50E-05

[0140] Specifically, Example 33 used ASTM D93 to test an Fpp of 128°C, and Example 33 used ASTM D7094 to test an Fpp of 122°C.

[0141] Although the present disclosure has been described above with reference to embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present disclosure. Anyone skilled in the art may make various modifications and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present disclosure shall be determined by the appended claims.

[0142] none

Claims

1. A polymer, a component of a battery, wherein the polymer is polymerized from a polymerization precursor comprising: at least three monomers, wherein each monomer is selected from lactones, lactones, or carbonates; wherein, The polymer comprises a polyester that is linear and has an inert group at its end, the inert group being alkyl, ether, thioether, ketone, ester, acetyl, peroxy, or phenyl, and the polymer has one of the following structures: BC, where B is the polyester and C is the inert group.

2. The polymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymer has one of the following structures: A1-BC, wherein the polymerization precursor of A1 is a monohydric alcohol or a monohydric acid, the monohydric alcohol or the monohydric acid having at least 2 carbon atoms, B is the polyester, and C is the inert group.

3. The polymer of claim 1, wherein the polymer has one of the following structures: C-A2-BC, wherein the polymerization precursor of A2 is a polyol or a polyacid, the polyol having a carbon number of at least 2 or greater than or equal to 2 or greater than ...

4. The polymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymerization precursor comprises a total mole number of lactones and lactides of Mlc, and the polymerization precursor comprises a total mole number of carbonates of Me, satisfying the following condition: 0 < Mlc / Me ≤ 1.

5. The polymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymerization precursor comprises a total mole number of lactones and lactides of Mlc, and the polymerization precursor comprises a total mole number of carbonates of Me, satisfying the following condition: 2 ≤ Mlc / Me < 50.

6. The polymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number average molecular weight of the polymer is Mn, which satisfies the following condition: 100 Dalton ≤ Mn ≤ 3000 Dalton.

7. The polymer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the polymer has a weight-average molecular weight of Mw that satisfies the following condition: 100 Dalton ≤ Mw ≤ 3000 Dalton.

8. The polymer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the polymer has a weight-average molecular weight of Mw and a number-average molecular weight of Mn, which satisfy the following condition: 1 < Mw / Mn ≤ 2.

0.

9. The polymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the viscosity of the polymer is VC, which satisfies the following condition: 5 cP < VC < 5500 cP.

10. The polymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymer has a glass transition temperature Tg that satisfies the following condition: -80°C < Tg < 0°C.

11. The polymer of claim 10, wherein the polymer has no melting point in a temperature range Tr, which satisfies the following condition: -80°C < Tr < 20°C.

12. An electrolyte, a component of a battery, comprising: a polymer, wherein the polymer is polymerized from a polymerization precursor; and a metal salt, wherein the polymer and the metal salt are uniformly mixed; wherein, The polymer precursor contains at least three monomers, each monomer being selected from lactones, lactides, or carbonates, and the polymer contains a polyester that is linear; wherein the polymer has an inert group at its end, the inert group being alkyl, ether, thioether, ketone, ester, acetyl, peroxy, or phenyl, and the polymer has one of the following structures: BC, where B is the polyester and C is the inert group.

13. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 12, wherein the conductivity of the electrolyte is Ci, which satisfies the following condition: 1×10⁻⁶ S·cm⁻¹ ≤ Ci.

14. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 12, wherein the electrolyte further comprises at least one additive, and the additive is a coronal ether.

15. A battery comprising: an electrolyte as described in claim 12; a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

16. A polymer, a component of a battery, wherein the polymer is polymerized from a polymerization precursor comprising: at least three monomers, wherein each monomer is selected from lactones, lactones, and carbonates; wherein, The polymer comprises a polyester that is linear and has a number average molecular weight of Mn, which satisfies the following condition: 100 Dalton ≤ Mn ≤ 3000 Dalton.

17. The polymer of claim 16, wherein the polymer has an inert group at its end, and the inert group contains an alkyl, ether, thioether, ketone, ester, acetyl, peroxy, or phenyl group.

18. The polymer of claim 17, wherein the polymer has one of the following structures: A1-BC, wherein the polymerization precursor of A1 is a monohydric alcohol or a monobasic acid, the monohydric alcohol or the monobasic acid having at least 2 carbon atoms, B is the polyester, and C is the inert group.

19. The polymer of claim 17, wherein the polymer has one of the following structures: C-A2-BC, wherein the polymerization precursor of A2 is a polyol or a polyacid, the polyol having a carbon number or the polyacid having a carbon number at least greater than or equal to 2, B is the polyester, and C is the inert group.

20. The polymer of claim 16, wherein the polymerization precursor comprises a total mole number of lactones and lactides of Mlc, and the polymerization precursor comprises a total mole number of carbonates of Me, satisfying the following condition: 0 < Mlc / Me ≤ 1.

21. The polymer of claim 16, wherein the polymer precursor comprises a total mole number of lactones and lactides of Mlc, and the polymer precursor comprises a total mole number of carbonates of Me, satisfying the following condition: 2 ≤ Mlc / Me < 50.

22. The polymer as claimed in claim 16, wherein the polymer has a weight-average molecular weight of Mw that satisfies the following condition: 100 Dalton ≤ Mw ≤ 3000 Dalton.

23. The polymer as claimed in claim 22, wherein the polymer has a weight-average molecular weight of Mw and a number-average molecular weight of Mn, satisfying the following condition: 1 < Mw / Mn ≤ 2.

0.

24. The polymer as claimed in claim 16, wherein the viscosity of the polymer is VC, which satisfies the following condition: 5 cP < VC < 5500 cP.

25. The polymer as claimed in claim 16, wherein the glass transition temperature of the polymer is Tg, which satisfies the following condition: -80°C < Tg < 0°C.

26. The polymer of claim 25, wherein the polymer has no melting point in a temperature range Tr that satisfies the following condition: -80°C < Tr < 20°C.

27. An electrolyte, a component of a battery, comprising: a polymer, wherein the polymer is polymerized from a polymerization precursor; and a metal salt, wherein the polymer and the metal salt are uniformly mixed; wherein, The polymer precursor contains at least three monomers, each selected from lactones, lactones, and carbonates, and the polymer contains a polyester that is linear; wherein the number average molecular weight of the polymer is Mn, which satisfies the following condition: 100 Dalton ≤ Mn ≤ 3000 Dalton.

28. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 27, wherein the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte is Ci, which satisfies the following condition: 1×10⁻⁶ S·cm⁻¹ ≤ Ci.

29. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 27, wherein the electrolyte further comprises at least one additive, and the additive is a coronal ether.

30. A battery comprising: an electrolyte as described in claim 27; a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.