Laminate article and display device

Abstract

[The technical problem to be solved] The objective of this invention is to provide a laminate that is flexible and can suppress desizing when subjected to cutting at high temperatures and / or grinding at room temperature. Technical means to solve the problem The present invention provides a laminate comprising a polarizing plate containing at least a linear polarizing layer and an adhesive layer formed using an adhesive composition. The 150 μm thick adhesive reference layer formed using the adhesive composition exhibits a shear creep C1 of 10% to 200% measured by torsion at 60°C. The laminate also exhibits a flexural stiffness D1 of 1200 m·gf to 1700 m·gf at 60°C.

Description

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[0001] The present invention relates to a laminate and a display device including the laminate. Prior Art

[0002] Optical films and the like used in display devices are known to be assembled as laminates in display devices (such as Patent Documents 1 to 5, etc.). The optical films of the laminate are laminated through a bonding layer such as a pressure sensitive adhesive layer. In a flexible display with a display panel that can be repeatedly bent, a laminate that can achieve good bending characteristics of the display panel is used (such as Patent Documents 1, 2, 4, 5, etc.). [Prior Art Documents] [Patent Documents]

[0003] Patent Document 1: Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2014-0085299. Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2018-27995. Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-125195. Patent Document 4: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2018-28573. Patent Document 5: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-528330. Summary of the Invention Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] The laminate used for the display panel is subjected to cutting and / or grinding to form a specific shape and size. If the cutting process is performed on the flexible laminate under high temperature conditions, or the grinding process is performed on the flexible laminate under normal temperature conditions, delamination will occur. Delamination is a situation where a part of the adhesive layer peels off from the end face of the laminate.

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a laminate having flexibility and capable of suppressing delamination when subjected to cutting under high temperature conditions and / or grinding under normal temperature conditions. Further, a display device including the laminate is also provided. Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] The present invention provides the following laminate and display device. [1] A laminate comprising a polarizing plate having at least a linear polarizing layer and an adhesive layer formed using an adhesive composition, wherein, The shear creep C1 of the 150 μm thick adhesive base layer formed using the aforementioned adhesive composition, measured by torsion at 60°C, is between 10% and 200%. The aforementioned laminated body has a flexural stiffness D1 of 1200 m·gf or more and 1700 m·gf or less at a temperature of 60°C. [2] The laminate as described in [1], wherein the aforementioned shear latent rate C1 is 80% or more and 200% or less. [3] A laminate as described in any one of [1] or [2], wherein the thickness of the aforementioned adhesive layer is more than 10 μm and less than 100 μm. [4] A laminate as described in any one of [1] to [3], wherein the glass transfer temperature of the aforementioned adhesive layer is below -50°C. [5] A laminate as described in any one of [1] to [4], wherein the gel content of the aforementioned adhesive layer is 45% or more and 85% or less. [6] A laminate as described in any one of [1] to [5], wherein the aforementioned adhesive composition contains a (meth)acrylic polymer. The aforementioned (meth)acrylic polymer system contains: a first constituent unit derived from an alkyl (meth)acrylate having an alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and a second constituent unit derived from a monomer having an ethyl carbamate bond. [7] The laminate as described in [6], wherein the content of the second constituent unit is 2.0% by mass or less relative to all constituent units constituting the aforementioned (meth)acrylic polymer. [8] A stack as described in [6] or [7], wherein the aforementioned monolayer having ethyl carbamate bonds has one or two (meth)acrylic groups. [9] A laminate as described in any one of [1] to [8], wherein the aforementioned polarizing plate has a protective film laminated on one or both sides of the aforementioned linear polarizing layer.

[10] A stack as described in any one of [1] to [9], wherein the aforementioned polarizing plate is a circular polarizing plate having the aforementioned linear polarizing layer and phase difference layer.

[11] The laminate as described in any one of [1] to

[10] further comprises a protective film peelably disposed relative to the aforementioned polarizing plate.

[12] The laminate as described in any one of [1] to

[11] further includes a spacer that is peelably disposed relative to the aforementioned adhesive layer. [

[13] ]A display device includes the laminate according to any one of [[1]] to [

[12] ]. Effect of the Invention

[0007] According to the present invention, a laminate can be provided which has flexibility and can suppress desizing when subjected to cutting treatment and / or polishing treatment. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0008] FIG. 1 schematically shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 schematically shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a laminate according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) are schematic views for explaining the method of a bending test. Embodiment

[0009] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. All the following drawings are examples for understanding the present invention, and the dimensions or shapes of the respective components shown in the drawings are not necessarily the same as the actual ones.

[0010] (Laminate) FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic cross-sectional views schematically showing an example of the laminate of the present embodiment. The laminates 1 and 2 include at least a polarizing plate 30 containing a linear polarizing layer 31 and an adhesive layer X formed using an adhesive composition. The adhesive layer X contained in the laminates 1 and 2 may be one layer or two or more layers. When there are two or more adhesive layers X, the two or more adhesive layers X may be adhesive layers of the same composition or adhesive layers of different compositions, and may have the same thickness or different thicknesses. The polarizing plate 30 and the adhesive layer X are preferably directly joined, but other layers may be present between the polarizing plate 30 and the adhesive layer X. The polarizing plate 30 contains at least a linear polarizing layer 31 and may be a linear polarizing plate as described later or a circular polarizing plate. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the laminates 1 and 2 may further include a protective film 11 provided so as to be peelable from the polarizing plate 30, and may also include a separator 15 provided so as to be peelable from the adhesive layer X. The laminates 1 and 2 may have the layer structure of the laminate for a flexible display device described later.

[0011] As described later, the laminates 1 and 2 can be applied to display devices (flexible displays) such as those that can be bent or wound. When bent with the polarizing plate 30 side (protective film 11 side) as the inner side or the outer side, the laminates 1 and 2 have excellent flexibility.

[0012] In laminates 1 and 2, the shear creep C1 of the 150 μm thick adhesive reference layer formed using the adhesive composition forming adhesive layer X, measured by torsion at 60°C, is 10% to 200%. Furthermore, the flexural stiffness D1 of laminates 1 and 2 at 60°C is 1200 m·gf to 1700 m·gf.

[0013] The cutting process of laminates 1 and 2 at a high temperature of 60°C and / or the grinding process at a normal temperature of 25°C generate heat, causing the temperature of laminates 1 and 2 to rise. Furthermore, display devices using laminates 1 and 2 are sometimes exposed to high temperatures. The inventors have discovered a correlation between the shear latency C1 and flexural stiffness D1 at 60°C and the characteristics of laminates 1 and 2 during cutting at high temperature and / or grinding at normal temperature, as well as the characteristics of laminates 1 and 2 during bending. Specifically, by keeping the shear latency C1 and flexural stiffness D1 within the aforementioned ranges, the laminate exhibits excellent flexibility, and desizing (the detachment of a portion of the adhesive layer X from the end face) can be suppressed during cutting at high temperature and / or grinding at normal temperature.

[0014] The aforementioned shear latent rate C1 can be 30% or more, 50% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, or 85% or more. The aforementioned shear latent rate C1 can be less than 190%, less than 180%, less than 150%, or less than 100%.

[0015] The aforementioned shear latent rate C1 can be adjusted, for example, by the type and amount of polymer contained in the adhesive composition forming adhesive layer X, the weight average molecular weight of the polymer, the type and amount of monomers used to form the polymer, the type and amount of additives contained in the adhesive composition, and the thickness of adhesive layer X. The aforementioned shear latent rate C1 is the shear latent rate measured by torsion at a temperature of 60°C on an adhesive reference layer with a thickness of 150 μm formed using the adhesive composition forming adhesive layer X, and can be measured by the method described in the examples below.

[0016] The aforementioned flexural stiffness D1 can be above 1250 m.gf, above 1300 m.gf, or above 1400 m.gf. The aforementioned flexural stiffness D1 can be below 1690 m.gf, below 1680 m.gf, below 1650 m.gf, below 1600 m.gf, or below 1500 m.gf.

[0017] The aforementioned flexural stiffness D1 can be adjusted by the type and amount of polymer contained in the adhesive composition forming the adhesive layer X, the weight average molecular weight of the polymer, the type and amount of monomers used to form the polymer, the type and amount of additives contained in the adhesive composition, and the thickness of the adhesive layer X. The aforementioned flexural stiffness D1 can be measured by the method described in the examples below.

[0018] The shear creep C2 of the aforementioned adhesive base layer, measured by torsion at 25°C, is preferably 50% to 160%. The shear creep C2 can be 55% or more, 60% or more, or 80% or more. The shear creep C2 can be 150% or less, 140% or less, 120% or less, or 100% or less.

[0019] By keeping the shear latency C2 within the aforementioned range, the laminate can exhibit excellent flexibility, and desizing can be suppressed during cutting at room temperature. The characteristics of laminates 1 and 2 at room temperature can be evaluated based on the shear latency C2. The shear latency C2 can be adjusted, for example, by the type and amount of polymer contained in the adhesive composition forming the adhesive layer X, the weight average molecular weight of the polymer, the type and amount of monomers used to form the polymer, the type and amount of additives contained in the adhesive composition, and the thickness of the adhesive layer X. The shear latency C2 is the shear latency measured at 25°C by torsion on the adhesive reference layer, and except for the measurement temperature being changed to 25°C, the rest can be measured according to the shear latency method C1 described in the following examples.

[0020] The shear creep C3 of the aforementioned adhesive base layer, measured by torsion at a temperature of -20°C, can be 5% or more, 10% or more, 15% or more, 20% or more, or 25% or more. The aforementioned shear creep C3 can be 85% or less, 80% or less, 75% or less, or 70% or less.

[0021] By keeping the shear latency C3 within the aforementioned range, the laminate can exhibit excellent flexibility, and desizing can be suppressed during cutting. The characteristics of laminates 1 and 2 under low-temperature conditions can be evaluated based on the shear latency C3. The shear latency C3 can be adjusted, for example, by the type and amount of polymer contained in the adhesive composition forming the adhesive layer X, the weight average molecular weight of the polymer, the type and amount of monomers used to form the polymer, the type and amount of additives contained in the adhesive composition, and the thickness of the adhesive layer X. The shear latency C3 is the shear latency measured by torsion at a temperature of -20°C for the aforementioned adhesive reference layer, and except that the measurement temperature is changed to -20°C, the rest can be measured according to the shear latency method C1 described in the following examples.

[0022] The flexural stiffness D2 of laminates 1 and 2 at 25°C is preferably 1300 m·gf or higher and 1800 m·gf or lower. The aforementioned flexural stiffness D2 can be 1350 m·gf or higher, 1400 m·gf or higher, or 1450 m·gf or higher. The aforementioned flexural stiffness D2 can be 1780 m·gf or lower, 1750 m·gf or lower, 1700 m·gf or lower, or 1600 m·gf or lower.

[0023] By ensuring that the flexural stiffness D2 is within the aforementioned range, the laminate exhibits excellent flexibility and prevents desizing during cutting at room temperature. The characteristics of laminates 1 and 2 at room temperature can be evaluated based on the flexural stiffness D2. The flexural stiffness D2 can be adjusted by the type and amount of polymer contained in the adhesive composition forming the adhesive layer X, the weight average molecular weight of the polymer, the type and amount of monomers used to form the polymer, the type and amount of additives contained in the adhesive composition, and the thickness of the adhesive layer X. Regarding the flexural stiffness D2, except that the temperature during laminate placement is changed to 25°C, the rest can be measured according to the shear creep rate determination method C1 described in the following examples.

[0024] The thickness of the laminates 1 and 2 is preferably 100 μm or more, can be 150 μm or more, can be 2000 μm or less, can be 1000 μm or less, can be 500 μm or less, can be 250 μm or less, and preferably 200 μm or less.

[0025] (Adhesive layer X) The adhesive layer X is preferably formed of an adhesive composition containing a (meth)acrylic polymer. In this specification, "(meth)acrylic polymer" means at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic polymers and methacrylic polymers. The same applies to other uses of the term "(meth)".

[0026] The thickness of the adhesive layer X is preferably 10 μm or more, or 15 μm or more, or 20 μm or more, or 25 μm or more, and preferably 100 μm or less, or 80 μm or less, or 75 μm or less, or 70 μm or less.

[0027] By keeping the thickness of the adhesive layer X within the above range, it is easy to obtain laminates 1 and 2 that have excellent flexibility and can suppress desizing when subjected to cutting at high temperatures and / or grinding at room temperature.

[0028] The glass transition temperature of adhesive layer X can be below -50°C, below -55°C, preferably below -57°C, or below -59°C, and is typically above -80°C. By giving adhesive layer X a glass transition temperature within the above range, it is easy to obtain laminates 1 and 2 that have excellent flexibility and can suppress desizing during high-temperature cutting and / or room-temperature grinding processes. The glass transition temperature of adhesive layer X can be adjusted, for example, by the type and amount of polymer contained in the adhesive composition, and the type and amount of monomers used to form the polymer. The glass transition temperature can be determined by the method described in the examples below.

[0029] The gel fraction of adhesive layer X is preferably 45% or more, and may also be 50% or more, or 55% or more; more preferably 85% or less, or may also be 80% or less, or may be 76% or less. By having adhesive layer X have a gel fraction within the above-mentioned range, it is easy to obtain laminates 1 and 2 that have excellent flexibility and can suppress desizing during cutting at high temperatures and / or grinding at room temperature. The gel fraction of adhesive layer X can be adjusted, for example, by the type and amount of polymer contained in the adhesive composition, and the type and amount of monomers used to form the polymer. The gel fraction can be determined by the method described in the examples below.

[0030] The storage elastic modulus G1 of the adhesive layer X at a temperature of 60°C is typically 10 kPa or higher, but may also be 15 kPa or higher, 20 kPa or higher, or 25 kPa or higher. The aforementioned storage elastic modulus G1 is typically 70 kPa or lower, but may also be 65 kPa or lower, 60 kPa or lower, or 50 kPa or lower. The aforementioned storage elastic modulus G1 can be determined by the method described in the examples below.

[0031] The storage elastic modulus G2 of the adhesive layer X at 25°C is typically 20 kPa or higher, but may also be 30 kPa or higher, 40 kPa or higher, or 45 kPa or higher. The aforementioned storage elastic modulus G2 is typically 80 kPa or lower, but may also be 70 kPa or lower, or 60 kPa or lower. The aforementioned storage elastic modulus G2 can be determined by the method described in the examples below.

[0032] (Adhesive composition) The adhesive composition preferably contains a (meth)acrylic polymer. The (meth)acrylic polymer preferably contains a first constituent unit derived from a (meth)acrylate alkyl ester (monomer) having an alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and a second constituent unit derived from a monomer having an ethyl carbamate bond. This readily yields laminates 1 and 2 that exhibit excellent flexibility and suppress desizing during high-temperature cutting and / or room-temperature grinding processes.

[0033] The alkyl group in the first constituent unit can be linear or branched. More preferably, the (meth)acrylic polymer contains a (meth)acrylate alkyl ester derived from an alkyl group having 20 to 24 carbon atoms as the first constituent unit.

[0034] Examples of alkyl (meth)acrylates containing alkyl groups include butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, tributyl (meth)acrylate, methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, hexyl (meth)acrylate, octyl (meth)acrylate, isooctyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, isononyl (meth)acrylate, isodecanyl (meth)acrylate, tridecyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, stearyl (meth)acrylate, and docosyl (meth)acrylate. These alkyl (meth)acrylates may be used alone or in combination with two or more types.

[0035] The content of the first constituent unit relative to all the constituent units of the (meth)acrylic polymer is preferably 50% by mass or more, or 70% by mass or more, or 85% by mass or more, or 95% by mass or more, or 99% by mass or less, or 98% by mass or less.

[0036] The (meth)acrylate polymer preferably comprises (meth)acrylate alkyl esters derived from the homopolymer with a glass transition temperature below -40°C (hereinafter referred to as "low Tg monomers") and (meth)acrylate alkyl esters derived from the homopolymer with a glass transition temperature above 0°C (hereinafter referred to as "high Tg monomers") as the first constituent unit. By using an adhesive composition containing the (meth)acrylate polymer to form an adhesive layer X, a laminate 1, 2 that readily exhibits excellent flexibility and suppresses desizing during cutting and / or grinding processes is obtained. One or more low Tg monomers and two or more high Tg monomers may be used. The glass transition temperature of the (meth)acrylate homopolymer may, for example, be a value from literature such as POLYMER HANDBOOK (Wiley-Interscience).

[0037] In (meth)acrylic polymers, a first constituent unit may be a (meth)acrylate alkyl ester (hereinafter referred to as "medium Tg monomer") derived from the homopolymer with a glass transition temperature exceeding -40°C and below 0°C. One or more medium Tg monomers may be used.

[0038] The glass transition temperature of low-Tg monomers can be below -45°C or below -50°C. The content of units derived from low-Tg monomers relative to the total constituent units of (meth)acrylic acid polymers can be, for example, 50% by mass or more, 60% by mass or more, 70% by mass or more, 80% by mass or more, or 99% by mass or less, or 95% by mass or less.

[0039] The glass transition temperature of high Tg monomers can be above 5°C, above 10°C, below 100°C, below 80°C, or below 60°C. The content of high Tg monomer-derived units relative to the total constituent units of (meth)acrylic acid polymers can be, for example, 1% by mass or more, 2% by mass or more, 3% by mass or more, below 30% by mass, below 20% by mass, or below 15% by mass.

[0040] The second constituent unit of the (meth)acrylic polymer contains a constituent unit derived from a monomer having an ethyl carbamate bond. The monomer having an ethyl carbamate bond can be obtained, for example, as a reactant of an isocyanate compound and a polyol compound. Preferably, the monomer having an ethyl carbamate bond has one or two (meth)acrylic groups, more preferably two (meth)acrylic groups. A monomer having one or two (meth)acrylic groups and an ethyl carbamate bond can be obtained, for example, as a reactant of an isocyanate compound, a polyol compound, and a (meth)acrylic ester compound. The monomer having an ethyl carbamate bond can be used alone or in combination with two or more monomers. When an adhesive layer X is formed using a (meth)acrylic polymer containing the second constituent unit, the shear latency C1 of the adhesive layer X and the flexural stiffness D1 of the laminates 1 and 2 can be easily adjusted to the aforementioned ranges. This results in laminates 1 and 2 that are easy to bend and can suppress desizing when subjected to cutting at high temperatures and / or grinding at room temperature.

[0041] The content of the second constituent unit relative to the total constituent unit of the (meth)acrylic polymer is preferably 2.0% by mass or less, but may also be 1.5% by mass or less, or 1.0% by mass or less, typically 0.1% by mass or more, or 0.3% by mass or more.

[0042] The weight-average molecular weight (WM) of the monomer containing ethyl carbamate bonds, which serves as the second constituent unit, is preferably 300 or higher when converted to polystyrene, but can also be 500 or higher, or 1000 or higher. Typically, it is 15000 or lower, but can also be 10000 or lower, 8000 or lower, or 6000 or lower. The above WM can be determined by colloidal permeation chromatography (GPC).

[0043] (Meth)acrylic acid polymers may contain building blocks derived from monomers possessing reactive functional groups. Examples of reactive functional groups include those that can react with other functional groups to form covalent bonds through irradiation with an active energy line, heat treatment, or heated water treatment. Heated water treatment involves contact with water or water vapor at a high temperature (e.g., 80°C), and can be considered a humidification process at high temperatures. Examples of reactive functional groups include hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, epoxy, and amide groups.

[0044] Monomers with reactive functional groups can be listed as follows: 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-Hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 3-Hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 2-Hydroxybutyl methacrylate, 3-Hydroxybutyl methacrylate, 4-Hydroxybutyl methacrylate, 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate, 2- or 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, diethylene glycol mono(meth)acrylate, and other methacrylates containing hydroxyl groups; (Meth)acrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, β-(meth)acrylic acid carboxyethyl ester, and other vinyl unsaturated carboxylic acids; (Meth)acrylates containing amino groups include amino ethyl methacrylate, n-butylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate. (Meth)acrylate (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)methyl methacrylate, (meth)acrylate glycidyl acrylate, and other (meth)acrylates containing epoxy groups; (Meth)acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl(meth)acrylamide, N-hydroxymethyl(meth)acrylamide, and other (meth)acrylates containing an amino group; (meth)acrylic acid Monomers containing heterocyclic groups, such as porphyrin, vinylcaprolactone, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, vinylpyridine, and tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)acrylate. Monomers with reactive functional groups can be used alone or in combination with two or more.

[0045] Compared to the total constituent units of (meth)acrylic acid polymers, the content of constituent units derived from monomers with reactive functional groups is preferably 2% by mass or less, but may also be less than 2% by mass or less than 1% by mass. (Meth)acrylic acid polymers may also not contain constituent units derived from monomers with reactive functional groups.

[0046] (Meth)acrylic polymers may contain monofunctional (meth)acrylic monomers with alkoxy groups, and caprolactone (meth)acrylic monomers, etc.

[0047] Examples of alkoxy groups possessed by the aforementioned monofunctional (meth)acrylic acid monomers include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, dibutoxy, and terbutoxy. Monofunctional (meth)acrylic acid monomers possessing alkoxy groups include ethoxyethoxyethyl acrylate (EOEOEA) and nonylphenol EO-modified acrylate [NP(EO)8A]. The aforementioned monofunctional (meth)acrylic acid monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0048] Compared to the total constituent units of the (meth)acrylic polymer, the content of the constituent units derived from the above-mentioned monofunctional (meth)acrylic monomers is preferably 1% by mass or more, or 2% by mass or more, or 3% by mass or more, or 30% by mass or less, or 20% by mass or less, or 10% by mass or less.

[0049] Examples of caprolactone (meth)acrylic acid monomers include caprolactone acrylate. The content of the caprolactone (meth)acrylic acid monomer constituent unit relative to the total constituent units of the (meth)acrylic acid polymer can be 1% or more by mass, 2% or more by mass, or 30% or less by mass, 20% or less by mass, or 10% or less by mass.

[0050] (Meth)acrylic acid polymers can be obtained by mixing the above monomers and adding polymerization initiators to polymerize the monomers. There are no particular limitations on the polymerization method; known polymerization methods such as solution polymerization, bulk polymerization, emulsion polymerization, and photopolymerization can be used. (Meth)acrylic acid polymers can be random copolymers, block copolymers, or graft copolymers.

[0051] The polymerization initiator can be selected according to the polymerization method, for example, a cationic polymerization initiator or a free radical polymerization initiator. When the polymerization method is photopolymerization, photopolymerization initiators such as benzyl dimethyl ketal, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone, and 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl(2-hydroxy-2-propyl) ketone can be used.

[0052] The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of (meth)acrylic acid polymers, converted to polystyrene, is preferably above 600,000, but can also be above 700,000, above 900,000, below 2,000,000, or below 1,800,000, with a preference for below 1,500,000. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) can be determined by colloidal permeation chromatography (GPC).

[0053] The adhesive composition contains one or more of the above-mentioned (meth)acrylic polymers, and may further contain (meth)acrylic compounds and polymerization initiators.

[0054] The content of (meth)acrylic polymer relative to the solid content of the adhesive composition is, for example, 80% by mass or more, or 90% by mass or more, or 95% by mass or more, or 99% by mass or less, or 98% by mass or less, or 95% by mass or less.

[0055] Examples of polymerization initiators contained in adhesive compositions include photopolymerization initiators and thermal polymerization initiators. One or more polymerization initiators may be used. The amount of polymerization initiator relative to the solid content of the adhesive composition may be, for example, 0.1% by mass or more, or 1% by mass or more, or 10% by mass or less, or 5% by mass or less.

[0056] Examples of photopolymerization initiators include benzyl dimethyl ketal, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone, and 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl(2-hydroxy-2-propyl) ketone.

[0057] Examples of thermal polymerization initiators include azo compounds, organic peroxides, and inorganic peroxides. Examples of azo compounds include 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 1,1'-azobis(cyclohexane-1-formonitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylpentanonitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethyl-4-methoxypentanonitrile), dimethyl 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionate), 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid), 2,2'-azobis(2-hydroxymethylpropionitrile), and 2,2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane].

[0058] Examples of organic peroxides include benzoyl peroxide, tributyl benzoate peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, diisopropyl peroxide dicarbonate, di-n-propyl peroxide dicarbonate, di(2-ethoxyethyl) peroxide dicarbonate, tributyl peroxydecanoate, tributyl peroxypentanoate, (3,5,5-trimethylhexyl) peroxide, dipropyl peroxide, and diacetyl peroxide.

[0059] Examples of inorganic peroxides include potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, and hydrogen peroxide.

[0060] The adhesive composition may contain additives such as crosslinking agents, silane coupling agents, crosslinking catalysts, weather stabilizers, tackifiers, plasticizers, softeners, dyes, pigments, inorganic fillers, light-scattering microparticles, ionic compounds, and antistatic agents.

[0061] Examples of crosslinking agents include isocyanate-based crosslinking agents, epoxy-based crosslinking agents, amine-based crosslinking agents, melamine-based crosslinking agents, aziridine-based crosslinking agents, hydrazine-based crosslinking agents, and aldehyde-based crosslinking agents. Crosslinking agents include zoline-based crosslinking agents, metal alkoxide-based crosslinking agents, metal chelate-based crosslinking agents, metal salt-based crosslinking agents, and ammonium salt-based crosslinking agents.

[0062] Examples of silane coupling agents include organosilicone compounds having at least one alkoxysilane group within their molecule. Examples of silane coupling agents include: Vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and other silicon compounds containing polymerizable unsaturated groups; Silicon compounds with epoxy groups, such as 3-epoxypropoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane; Silica compounds containing thiol groups, such as 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, and 3-mercaptopropyldimethoxymethylsilane; Silicon compounds containing amino groups, such as 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane; The condensate of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane, or at least one of the above with methyltriethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, or other alkyl-containing silicon compounds.

[0063] Adhesive compositions can be formulated, for example, by mixing (meth)acrylic polymers, compounds containing urethane bonds, (meth)acrylic compounds, polymerization initiators, and additives. The adhesive composition itself or a diluent of the adhesive composition in an organic solvent can be applied to a substrate and dried to form an adhesive layer X. Application methods for the adhesive composition or its diluent in an organic solvent include, for example, rod coating, knife coating, roller coating, doctor blade coating, die coating, and gravure coating.

[0064] An adhesive layer X can be formed by irradiating or heating an adhesive composition coated on a substrate with active energy lines. Examples of active energy lines include ultraviolet light and electron beams, with ultraviolet light being preferred.

[0065] (Polarizing plate) The polarizing plate 30 only needs to contain at least a linear polarizing layer. The polarizing plate 30 can be a linear polarizing plate (Fig. 1) or a circular polarizing plate (Fig. 2). The linear polarizing plate has a protective film 32 on one or both sides of the linear polarizing layer 31. The protective film 32 can be provided on one or both sides of the linear polarizing layer 31 through an adhesive layer (adhesive layer or bonding agent layer). As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the linear polarizing plate preferably has a protective film 32 at least on the side of the linear polarizing layer 31 opposite to the X side of the adhesive layer.

[0066] As shown in Figure 2, the circular polarizer has a linear polarizing layer 31 and a first phase reversal layer 33. The circular polarizer may have a linear polarizer with a protective film 32 on one or both sides of the linear polarizing layer 31, and a first phase reversal layer 33. The linear polarizing layer 31 or the linear polarizer and the first phase reversal layer 33 can be laminated through an adhesive layer 37 (adhesive layer or bonding agent layer). When the adhesive layer 37 is an adhesive layer, the adhesive layer can be the aforementioned adhesive layer X, or it can be an adhesive layer different from adhesive layer X. The first phase reversal layer 33 is a λ / 4 phase reversal layer, or it can be a λ / 4 phase reversal layer with inverse wavelength dispersion.

[0067] In addition to the first phase retardation layer 33, the circular polarizer may also have a second phase retardation layer 34 (phase retardation layer). The second phase retardation layer 34 may be disposed between the linear polarizing layer 31 and the first phase retardation layer 33, or as shown in FIG2, it may be disposed on the opposite side of the first phase retardation layer 33 to the linear polarizing layer 31. The second phase retardation layer 34 is preferably a λ / 2 phase retardation layer or a positive C layer. The first phase retardation layer 33 and the second phase retardation layer 34 may be laminated through an adhesive layer 38 (adhesive layer or adhesive layer). When the adhesive layer 38 is an adhesive layer, the adhesive layer may be the aforementioned adhesive layer X, or it may be an adhesive layer different from adhesive layer X.

[0068] As shown in Figure 2, when the circular polarizer is a linear polarizer, the linear polarizer may have a protective film 32 on one side of the linear polarizing layer 31. In this case, a first phase difference layer 33 or a second phase difference layer 34 may be provided on the side of the linear polarizing layer 31 opposite to the side of the protective film 32 through an adhesive layer (adhesive layer or adhesive layer) 37.

[0069] (Linear polarizing layer) A linear polarizing layer, when incident with unpolarized light, allows linearly polarized light with a vibrational plane orthogonal to the absorption axis to pass through. The linear polarizing layer can be a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film adsorbing and aligning iodine (hereinafter referred to as "PVA-based film"), or a film containing a liquid crystal polarizing layer, which is formed by coating a substrate film with a composition containing anisotropic and liquid crystal compounds. The anisotropic and liquid crystal compounds can be a mixture of anisotropic pigments and liquid crystal compounds, or anisotropic pigments.

[0070] Linear polarizing layers for PVA-based films can be, for example, formed by subjecting PVA-based films such as polyvinyl alcohol films, partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol films, and partially saponified ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer films to iodine staining and stretching treatments. If necessary, a washing step can be performed whereby the PVA-based film, which has been stained and adsorbed with iodine, is treated in a boric acid aqueous solution, followed by washing away the boric acid solution. Known methods can be used in each step.

[0071] Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resins can be manufactured by saponifying polyvinyl acetate (PVA) resins. Besides polyvinyl acetate homopolymers, PVA resins can also be copolymers of vinyl acetate with other monomers that can copolymerize with it. Other monomers that can copolymerize with vinyl acetate include, for example, unsaturated carboxylic acids, olefins, vinyl ethers, unsaturated sulfonic acids, and acrylamides containing ammonium groups.

[0072] The degree of saponification of PVA-based resins is typically around 85 to 100 mol%, preferably above 98 mol%. PVA-based resins can be modified, for example, using aldehyde-modified polyvinyl alcohol formaldehyde or polyvinyl alcohol acetal. The average degree of polymerization of PVA-based resins is typically around 1,000 to 10,000, preferably around 1,500 to 5,000. The degree of saponification and average degree of polymerization of PVA-based resins can be determined according to JIS K 6726 (1994). If the average degree of polymerization is less than 1000, it is difficult to obtain good polarization performance; if it exceeds 10000, the film processability is poor.

[0073] A method for manufacturing a linear polarizing layer of a PVA-based film may include the following steps: preparing a substrate film, coating a solution of a resin such as a PVA-based resin onto the substrate film, and performing solvent removal and drying to form a resin layer on the substrate film. Furthermore, a primer layer may be pre-formed on the surface of the substrate film where the resin layer is formed. The substrate film may be a film using a resin material described later for forming a protective film using a thermoplastic resin. Examples of primer layer materials include resins that crosslink the hydrophilic resin used in the linear polarizing layer.

[0074] Next, the amount of water and other solvents in the resin layer is adjusted as needed. Then, the substrate film and resin layer are uniaxially stretched. The resin layer is then stained with iodine to allow iodine to adsorb and align. Next, the iodine-adsorbed resin layer is treated with a boric acid aqueous solution as needed, followed by a washing step to remove the boric acid solution. This process creates a resin layer with iodine adsorption and alignment, which becomes a PVA-based film serving as a linear polarizing layer. Known methods can be used in each step.

[0075] In treating PVA membranes or resin layers that adsorb and align with iodine, an aqueous solution containing boric acid is used. The amount of boric acid is typically about 2 to 15 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of water, preferably 5 to 12 parts by weight. This aqueous solution containing boric acid preferably contains potassium iodide. The amount of potassium iodide in the aqueous solution containing boric acid is typically about 0.1 to 15 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of water, preferably about 5 to 12 parts by weight. The immersion time in the aqueous solution containing boric acid is typically about 60 to 1,200 seconds, preferably about 150 to 600 seconds, and more preferably about 200 to 400 seconds. The temperature of the aqueous solution containing boric acid is typically above 50°C, preferably 50 to 85°C, and more preferably 60 to 80°C.

[0076] The uniaxial stretching of the PVA film, substrate film, and resin layer can be performed before dyeing, during dyeing, or after boric acid treatment following dyeing, or uniaxial stretching can be performed separately in multiple stages. The PVA film, substrate film, and resin layer can be uniaxially stretched in the MD direction (film transport direction), which can be done between rollers with different circumferential speeds or using hot rollers. Alternatively, the PVA film, substrate film, and resin layer can be uniaxially stretched in the TD direction (perpendicular to the film transport direction), which can be done using a tenter frame. Furthermore, the above stretching can be dry stretching in the atmosphere or wet stretching in a solvent while the PVA film or resin layer is in a swollen state. To exhibit the performance of the linear polarizing layer, the stretching ratio is 4 times or more, preferably 5 times or more, and more preferably 5.5 times or more. There is no particular upper limit to the stretching ratio, but from the viewpoint of suppressing cracking, it is preferably 8 times or less.

[0077] A substrate film can be peeled off after the protective film is laminated, thereby obtaining a linear polarizing layer manufactured using the substrate film manufacturing method. This method allows for further thinning of the linear polarizing layer.

[0078] The thickness of the linear polarizing layer of the PVA film is preferably 1 μm or more, or 2 μm or more, or 5 μm or more, and preferably 30 μm or less, more preferably 15 μm or less, or 10 μm or less, or 8 μm or less.

[0079] Examples of liquid crystal polarizing layers include those obtained by coating a composition containing a liquid crystal-like pigment with anisotropic absorption properties, or a composition containing anisotropic absorption pigment and a polymeric liquid crystal compound other than a pigment, onto a substrate film to obtain a linear polarizing layer. Examples of substrate films include films made from resin materials described below using the thermoplastic resin used to form the protective film. Examples of films containing liquid crystal polarizing layers include polarizing layers described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2013-33249, etc.

[0080] Liquid crystal compounds only need to possess the property of displaying a liquid crystal state, especially those with high-order alignment states of equal layer sequence, which exhibit superior polarization performance. Polymerizable liquid crystal compounds are preferred. Polymerizable liquid crystal compounds are those possessing polymerizable functional groups.

[0081] Pigments exhibiting anisotropic absorption are, for example, dichroic pigments. Dichroic pigments may possess liquid crystal properties or polymerizable functional groups. Dichroic pigments can be oriented by their own liquid crystal properties, or they can be oriented together with liquid crystal compounds to exhibit dichroism. Preferably, any compound contained in the composition used to form the liquid crystal polarizing layer has polymerizable functional groups. The above composition may further contain initiators, solvents, dispersants, leveling agents, stabilizers, surfactants, crosslinking agents, silane coupling agents, etc.

[0082] The above-mentioned components can be coated onto an alignment film to form a film containing a liquid crystal polarizing layer, thereby manufacturing a film containing a liquid crystal polarizing layer. Compared to the polarizing layer of a PVA-based film, the film containing the liquid crystal polarizing layer can be formed to a thinner thickness. The thickness of the film containing the liquid crystal polarizing layer is, for example, 0.5 to 10 μm, or 1 to 5 μm.

[0083] For example, an alignment film can be manufactured by coating an alignment film composition onto a substrate film and then imparting alignment properties through friction, polarized light irradiation, etc. In addition to alignment agents, the alignment film composition may also contain solvents, crosslinking agents, initiators, dispersants, leveling agents, silane coupling agents, etc. Alignment agents can be, for example, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylates, polyamides, and polyimides. When using photoalignment agents, it is preferable to use alignment agents containing cinnamic acid ester groups.

[0084] The polymer used as an alignment agent has a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 to 1,000,000. The thickness of the alignment film is preferably 5 nm to 10,000 nm, especially 10 to 500 nm, which can fully demonstrate the alignment confinement force and is therefore preferred.

[0085] The liquid crystal polarizing layer can be peeled off from the substrate film and transferred to other components for assembly into display devices, etc., or the substrate film can be directly assembled into display devices, etc. The substrate film can serve as a protective film, phase retardation layer, or transparent substrate for windows, as described later.

[0086] The combined thickness of the substrate film and the linear polarizing layer formed in the above manner should be as small as possible. However, if it is too small, the strength will decrease and the processability will deteriorate. Therefore, it is usually below 20 μm, preferably below 5 μm, and even more preferably 0.5 to 3 μm.

[0087] (Protective film) Protective films can be made from thermoplastic resins that possess excellent properties such as transparency, mechanical strength, thermal stability, moisture barrier properties, isotropy, and elongation. Specific examples of thermoplastic resins include cellulose resins such as cellulose triacetate; polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate; polyether resins; polyether resins; polycarbonate resins; polyamide resins such as nylon or aromatic polyamides; polyimide resins; polyolefin resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and ethylene / propylene copolymers; cyclic polyolefin resins and cyclic polyolefin resins having a nobornene structure (nobornene resins); (meth)acrylic resins; polyarylate resins; polystyrene resins; polyvinyl alcohol resins; and mixtures thereof.

[0088] The protective film is a coating-type protective film obtained by coating and curing cationic curable components such as epoxy resin or free radical curable components such as acrylate.

[0089] Protective films may contain plasticizers, ultraviolet absorbers, infrared absorbers, colorants such as pigments or dyes, fluorescent whitening agents, dispersants, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers, antistatic agents, antioxidants, lubricants, solvents, etc., as needed.

[0090] The protective film may possess anti-reflective, anti-glare, and hard coating properties (hereinafter, protective films with these properties will be referred to as "functional protective films"). When the protective film is not a functional protective film, an anti-reflective layer, an anti-glare layer, or a hard coating layer, etc., can be applied to one side of the linear polarizer. Preferably, the surface functional layer is applied in direct contact with the protective film. Preferably, the surface functional layer is applied to the side of the protective film opposite to the linear polarizer side.

[0091] The protective film can be 1 μm or thicker, preferably 3 μm or thicker, more preferably 5 μm or thicker, and can also be less than 200 μm or less than 100 μm, preferably less than 50 μm or less, more preferably less than 30 μm. The flexibility of a protective film with a thickness exceeding 200 μm will decrease.

[0092] The protective film can also serve as a transparent substrate for the window described later.

[0093] (First phase difference layer, second phase difference layer) The first and second retardation layers (hereinafter collectively referred to as "retardation layers") can be extended films or contain liquid crystal compounds. When the retardation layer contains a liquid crystal compound, it can be a hardened layer containing a polymeric liquid crystal compound. When the polarizer contains two or more retardation layers, the combination of the extended film retardation layer and the retardation layer containing a liquid crystal compound can be arbitrary, but from the viewpoint of reducing the thickness of the circular polarizer, it is preferable to use a retardation layer containing a liquid crystal compound.

[0094] When the phase retardation layer is an extended film, the extended film can be of conventionally known types, or it can be a resin film that imparts phase retardation by uniaxial or biaxial extension. The resin film can be a cellulose film such as cellulose triacetate and cellulose diacetate, a polyester film such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene isophthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, an acrylic resin film such as poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(ethyl methacrylate), a polycarbonate film, a polyether resin film, a polyurethane film, a polyimide film, a polyolefin film, a polynorcamphene film, etc., but is not limited to these.

[0095] Extended films may contain phase difference adjusters, plasticizers, ultraviolet absorbers, infrared absorbers, colorants such as pigments or dyes, fluorescent whitening agents, dispersants, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers, antistatic agents, antioxidants, lubricants, solvents, etc., as needed.

[0096] When the retardation layer is an extended film, its thickness is typically between 1 μm and 200 μm, or between 1 μm and 100 μm, or between 5 μm and 200 μm, preferably between 10 μm and 80 μm, and even more preferably below 40 μm. If the thickness of the retardation layer exceeds 200 μm, its flexibility will decrease.

[0097] When the retardation layer contains a liquid crystal compound, the liquid crystal compound can exhibit properties such as nematic, cholesterol-like, and lamellar liquid crystal states. The composition containing the liquid crystal compound can be coated onto a substrate film, thereby forming a retardation layer containing the liquid crystal compound. Preferably, any compound contained in the above composition has a polymerizable functional group. The above composition may further contain an initiator, solvent, dispersant, leveling agent, stabilizer, surfactant, crosslinking agent, silane coupling agent, etc.

[0098] Similar to films containing liquid crystal polarizing layers, a retardation layer containing a liquid crystal compound can be fabricated by coating an alignment film with a composition containing a liquid crystal compound and then drying and curing it. Compared to the retardation layer of an extended film, the thickness of the retardation layer containing the liquid crystal compound can be made smaller. The thickness of the retardation layer containing the liquid crystal compound can be, for example, 0.5 to 10 μm, or 1 to 5 μm.

[0099] When the phase retardation layer contains the aforementioned hardened layer, a known polymerizable liquid crystal compound may be used. The polymerizable liquid crystal compound is a compound having at least one polymerizable group and exhibiting liquid crystal properties.

[0100] There is no particular limitation on the type of polymerizable liquid crystal compound; rod-shaped liquid crystal compounds, disk-shaped liquid crystal compounds, and mixtures thereof can be used. A phase difference is exhibited by curing a hardened layer system formed by polymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound while the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is aligned in a suitable direction. When the rod-shaped polymerizable liquid crystal compound is aligned horizontally or vertically relative to the planar direction of the laminate, the optical axis of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is aligned with the long axis direction of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. When the disk-shaped polymerizable liquid crystal compound is aligned, the optical axis of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound exists in a direction orthogonal to the disk surface of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. For example, the rod-shaped polymerizable liquid crystal compound described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 11-513019 (claim 1, etc.) is suitable. The disc-shaped polymerizable liquid crystal compound is suitable for use as described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-108732 (paragraphs

[0020] to

[0067] , etc.) and Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-244038 (paragraphs

[0013] to

[0108] , etc.).

[0101] The polymerizable groups in a polymerizable liquid crystal compound refer to groups that participate in the polymerization reaction, preferably photopolymerizable groups. Photopolymerizable groups are groups that participate in the polymerization reaction through active free radicals or acids generated by a photopolymerization initiator. Examples of polymerizable groups include vinyl, vinyloxy, 1-chlorovinyl, isopropenyl, 4-vinylphenyl, (meth)acryloxy, ethylene oxide, oxetyl, styryl, and allyl. Among these, (meth)acryloxy, vinyloxy, ethylene oxide, and oxetyl are preferred, and acryloxy is even more preferred. The liquid crystallization property of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be thermotropic or lyotropic. Thermotropic liquid crystals can be classified into nematic liquid crystals and smothermal liquid crystals according to their regularity. When two or more types of polymerizable liquid crystal compounds are used to form the hardened layer of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, it is preferable that at least one type has two or more polymerizable groups within its molecule.

[0102] When the retardation layer contains the aforementioned hardened layer, it may have an alignment layer. The alignment layer has an alignment restraint force that orients the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the desired direction. The alignment layer may be a vertical alignment layer that aligns the molecular axes of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound perpendicularly to the plane of the laminate; a horizontal alignment layer that aligns the molecular axes of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound horizontally to the plane of the laminate; or an inclined alignment layer that aligns the molecular axes of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound obliquely to the plane of the laminate. When the retardation layer contains two or more alignment layers, the alignment layers may be identical or dissimilar.

[0103] The alignment layer preferably possesses solvent resistance that prevents dissolution from coatings containing polymeric liquid crystal compounds used in liquid crystal layer formation, and also possesses heat resistance relative to heat treatments used to remove solvents or orient polymeric liquid crystal compounds. Examples of alignment layers include alignment polymer layers formed from alignment polymers, photoalignment polymer layers formed from photoalignment polymers, and groove alignment layers having raised or recessed patterns or multiple grooves on their surface.

[0104] The aforementioned hardened layer is formed by coating a phase retardation layer forming composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, a solvent, and various additives as needed onto an alignment layer to form a coating film, and then curing (hardening) the coating film. Alternatively, the aforementioned composition is coated onto a substrate film to form a coating film, and the coating film is extended together with the substrate film to form a hardened layer. In addition to the aforementioned polymerizable liquid crystal compound and solvent, the aforementioned composition may also contain polymerization initiators, reactive additives, leveling agents, polymerization inhibitors, etc. Known polymerizable liquid crystal compounds, solvents, polymerization initiators, reactive additives, leveling agents, polymerization inhibitors, etc., may be appropriately used.

[0105] The substrate film can be a film formed of a resin material, such as a film made of the resin material described above for forming a protective film using a thermoplastic resin. The thickness of the substrate film is not particularly limited, but generally, from the viewpoint of strength or operability, it is preferably 1 to 300 μm or less, more preferably 20 to 200 μm, and even more preferably 30 to 120 μm. The substrate film can be assembled onto a laminate together with the cured layer of the polymeric liquid crystal compound, or the substrate film can be peeled off and only the cured layer of the polymeric liquid crystal compound assembled onto the laminate, or the cured layer and the alignment layer can be assembled onto the laminate.

[0106] The retardation layer containing a liquid crystal compound can be peeled off from the substrate film and transferred to other components for assembly into a display device, etc., or the substrate film can be directly assembled into the display device, etc. The substrate film can serve as a protective layer for the retardation layer described later, etc.

[0107] As mentioned above, the first retardation layer can be a λ / 4 retardation layer. A λ / 4 retardation layer is a film that imparts a λ / 4 phase difference in a direction orthogonal to the direction of incident light travel (the in-plane direction of the film). Generally, most materials exhibit greater birefringence at shorter wavelengths and smaller birefringence at longer wavelengths. In this case, it is difficult to achieve a λ / 4 phase difference across the entire visible light region. Therefore, for wavelengths around 560 nm with higher visual sensitivity, it is preferable to design the λ / 4 retardation layer to have an in-plane phase difference of 100 to 180 nm (preferably 130 to 150 nm).

[0108] As mentioned above, the λ / 4 retardation layer can be a λ / 4 retardation layer with inverse wavelength dispersion. λ / 4 retardation layers with inverse wavelength dispersion are typically formed using materials with inverse birefringence wavelength dispersion characteristics, which improves visual clarity. In the case of retardation layers in extended films, materials as described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-232873, etc., can be used; in the case of retardation layers containing liquid crystal compounds, materials as described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-30979, etc., can be used.

[0109] As mentioned above, the second phase difference layer can be a λ / 2 phase difference layer. By combining the λ / 4 phase difference layer and the λ / 2 phase difference layer, a so-called broadband λ / 4 phase difference plate can be obtained (e.g., Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-90521).

[0110] As mentioned above, the second phase retardation layer can be a positive C layer. By using a positive C layer, the visual confirmation of the oblique direction of the circular polarizer can be improved (e.g., Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2014-224837). The phase retardation in the thickness direction of the positive C layer is, for example, -200 to -20 nm, preferably -140 to -40 nm.

[0111] (Protective film) The protective film is peelably disposed relative to the polarizing plate 30. The protective film may contain a substrate layer and an adhesive layer, or it may be a self-adhesive substrate layer. The substrate layer may be a resin film, which may be formed, for example, from the thermoplastic resin used to form the protective film described above. Examples of thermoplastic resins constituting the self-adhesive substrate layer include polypropylene resins and polyethylene resins.

[0112] (Separator) The spacer is peelably disposed relative to adhesive layer X and is coated to protect the surface of adhesive layer X. The spacer may also be peelably disposed relative to adhesive layers other than adhesive layer X in laminates 1 and 2. The spacer has a substrate layer and a release layer. The substrate layer is a resin film. The resin film may be formed, for example, from the thermoplastic resin used to form the protective film described above. The release layer may be any known release layer, such as a layer formed by coating the substrate layer with a release agent such as a fluorinated compound or a polysiloxane compound.

[0113] (Adhesive layer) The bonding layer is either an adhesive layer or a bonding agent layer. When the bonding layer is an adhesive layer, it is an adhesive layer formed using an adhesive. An adhesive is one that exhibits adhesion by adhering itself to the substrate, also known as a pressure-sensitive adhesive. The adhesive can be the adhesive composition described above, or a known adhesive with excellent optical transparency can be used. Known adhesives include, for example, adhesives containing base polymers such as acrylic polymers, urethane polymers, polysiloxane polymers, and polyvinyl ether. Furthermore, the adhesive can be an active energy line curing adhesive or a thermosetting adhesive. Among these, an adhesive with an acrylic resin as the base polymer that has excellent transparency, adhesion, re-peelability (reworkability), weather resistance, and heat resistance is preferred. The adhesive layer is preferably composed of (meth)acrylic resin, a crosslinking agent, and a silane coupling agent adhesive, and may also contain other components.

[0114] The thickness of the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 5μm or more, but can also be 10μm or more, 15μm or more, 20μm or more, or 25μm or more. It is usually less than 300μm, but can also be less than 250μm, less than 100μm, or less than 50μm.

[0115] When the bonding layer is an adhesive layer, the adhesive layer can be formed by curing the curing component in the adhesive composition. Examples of adhesive compositions used to form the adhesive layer include adhesives other than pressure-sensitive adhesives (adhesives), such as water-based adhesives and active energy line curing adhesives.

[0116] Water-based adhesives include, for example, adhesives that dissolve or disperse polyvinyl alcohol resin in water. There are no particular limitations on the drying method when using water-based adhesives; for example, hot air dryers or infrared dryers can be used.

[0117] Examples of active energy line curing adhesives include solvent-free active energy line curing adhesives containing curing compounds that can be cured by irradiation with active energy lines such as ultraviolet light, visible light, electron beams, and X-rays. Using solvent-free active energy line curing adhesives can improve interlayer adhesion.

[0118] To exhibit good adhesion, the active energy line curing adhesive is preferably composed of either or both of a cationic polymerizable curing compound and a free radical polymerizable curing compound. The active energy line curing adhesive may further contain a cationic polymerization initiator, such as a photocationic polymerization initiator, or a free radical polymerization initiator to initiate the curing reaction of the aforementioned curing compound.

[0119] When the bonding layer is an adhesive layer, the thickness is preferably 0.1 μm or more, or 0.5 μm or more, or preferably 10 μm or less, or 5 μm or less.

[0120] (Display device) The display device comprises laminates 1 and 2. Preferably, the display device is a flexible display (flexible display device). The display device can be bent with the polarizer 30 side as the inside (adhesive layer X side as the outside), or with the polarizer 30 side as the outside (adhesive layer X side as the inside). Flexible means that, in the bending evaluation described later, the laminates 1 and 2 can be bent without generating bubbles or adhesive detachment after more than 100,000 bending cycles.

[0121] The laminates 1 and 2 in the display device are preferably image display elements bonded to the display device through an adhesive layer X. The laminates 1 and 2 are typically assembled into the display device with the separator 15 peeled off from the laminates 1 and 2, after which the protective film 11 is peeled off and removed. Therefore, the laminates contained in the display device are typically laminates without the separator 15 and the protective film 11. The display device is not particularly limited, but is preferably an organic EL display device.

[0122] The display device can be a mobile device such as a smartphone or tablet, or it can be a television, digital photo frame, electronic signboard, measuring instrument or measuring machine, office machine, medical machine, electronic computing machine, etc.

[0123] (Laminated material for flexible display devices) The laminated body included in the flexible display device can be a laminated body for flexible display devices. In addition to the polarizing plate and adhesive layer X, the laminated body for flexible display devices can also have one or more elements selected from windows, touch sensors, and light-shielding colored patterns. For example, the laminated body for flexible display devices can have adhesive layers X on both sides of the polarizing plate. For example, windows and / or light-shielding colored patterns can be laminated through the adhesive layer X provided on one side of the polarizing plate, and touch sensors, etc., can be laminated through the adhesive layer X provided on the other side of the polarizing plate. When the laminated body for flexible display devices has windows and light-shielding colored patterns, these can be laminated through the adhesive layer X.

[0124] A flexible display device can be, for example, composed of a flexible display device laminate and an organic EL display panel. The flexible display device laminate is positioned relative to the organic EL display panel on the visual confirmation side and is configured to be bendable. The flexible display device laminate may include a window, the aforementioned circular polarizer, and a touch sensor. The lamination order is arbitrary, but it is preferred that the window, circular polarizer, and touch sensor are laminated sequentially from the visual confirmation side, or sequentially. If the circular polarizer is present on the visual confirmation side of the touch sensor, the pattern of the touch sensor is difficult to visually confirm, thus improving the visual confirmation of the displayed image, which is preferable. Each component can be laminated using an adhesive layer or a bonding agent layer. When using an adhesive layer, the adhesive layer can be the aforementioned adhesive layer X, or an adhesive layer different from adhesive layer X.

[0125] The laminate for the flexible display device may have a light-shielding pattern formed on at least one side of any layer of the window, the circular polarizer, or the touch sensor. The flexible display device may further have a light-shielding colored pattern.

[0126] (window) The window is positioned on the visual confirmation side of the flexible display device and protects other components of the display device from external impacts or environmental changes such as temperature and humidity. While glass has been conventionally used for windows, those in flexible display devices are preferably made of materials that are not as rigid as glass but possess flexible properties. The window is constructed from a flexible transparent substrate and may have a hard coating on at least one side.

[0127] The visible light transmittance of the transparent substrate is 70% or higher, preferably 80% or higher. A transparent polymer film can be used as the transparent substrate. Specifically, these can be: films formed from polymers such as cycloolefin derivatives containing monomers of polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethylpentene, norcamphene, or cycloolefins; (modified) cellulose such as cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, and acrylonitrile cellulose; acrylates such as methyl methacrylate (co)polymers; polystyrene such as styrene (co)polymers; acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymers; acrylonitrile / styrene copolymers; ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers; polyvinyl chloride; polyvinylidene chloride; polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, and polyarylate; polyamides such as nylon; polyimides; polyamide-imides; polyether-imides; polyether-imides; polyether-imides; polyether-imides; polyvinyl alcohol; polyvinyl alcohol acetal; polyurethane; and epoxy resins. The polymer membrane can be unstretched, uniaxial, or biaxially stretched. These polymers can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Preferred polymers are polyamide membranes, polyamide-imide membranes, polyimide membranes, polyester membranes, olefin membranes, acrylic membranes, and cellulose membranes, which possess excellent transparency and heat resistance.

[0128] The polymer membrane preferably contains inorganic particles such as silicon dioxide, organic microparticles, and rubber particles. It may also contain colorants such as pigments or dyes, fluorescent whitening agents, dispersants, plasticizers, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers, infrared absorbers, ultraviolet absorbers, antistatic agents, antioxidants, lubricants, and solvents.

[0129] The thickness of the transparent substrate can be, for example, 5 to 200 μm, preferably 20 to 100 μm.

[0130] A hard coating may be provided in the transparent substrate. The thickness of the hard coating is not particularly limited, for example, it can be 2 to 100 μm. If the thickness of the hard coating is too small, it tends to be difficult to ensure sufficient impact resistance and scratch resistance. If the thickness of the hard coating is too large, the bending resistance is reduced and it tends to curl due to hardening shrinkage.

[0131] Hard coatings can be formed by curing a hard coating composition containing a reactive material that forms a cross-linked structure upon irradiation with active energy lines or thermal energy, but are preferably formed by curing with active energy lines. Active energy lines are defined as energy lines that can decompose compounds that produce active species to generate active species. Examples of active energy lines include visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, X-rays, alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, and electron beams, with ultraviolet light being particularly preferred.

[0132] The hard coating composition may contain at least one polymer, such as a free radical polymerizable compound or a cationic polymerizable compound. A free radical polymerizable compound refers to a compound possessing a free radical polymerizable group. The free radical polymerizable group possessed by the free radical polymerizable compound only needs to be a functional group capable of undergoing a free radical polymerization reaction; examples include groups containing carbon-carbon unsaturated double bonds. Specifically, examples include vinyl and (meth)acrylic groups. When a free radical polymerizable compound possesses two or more free radical polymerizable groups, these free radical polymerizable groups may be the same or different. From the perspective of improving the hardness of the hard coating, it is preferable that each molecule of the free radical polymerizable compound possesses two or more free radical polymerizable groups. From the viewpoint of high reactivity, the free radical polymerizable compound is preferably a compound having a (meth)acrylic group. More preferably, it is a compound called a polyfunctional acrylate monomer, having 2 to 6 (meth)acrylic groups per molecule, or an oligomer with a molecular weight of several hundred to several thousand, such as an epoxy (meth)acrylate, ethyl carbamate (meth)acrylate, or polyester (meth)acrylate, having multiple (meth)acrylic groups within its molecule. Preferably, it contains one or more compounds selected from epoxy (meth)acrylate, ethyl carbamate (meth)acrylate, and polyester (meth)acrylate.

[0133] Cationic polymerizable compounds refer to compounds having cationic polymerizable groups such as epoxy, oxetyl, and vinyl ether groups. From the perspective of improving the hardness of the hard coating, the aforementioned cationic polymerizable compounds preferably have two or more cationic polymerizable groups per molecule, more preferably three or more. The cationic polymerizable compound is preferably a compound having at least one of epoxy or oxetyl groups as a cationic polymerizable group. This is because cyclic ether groups such as epoxy and oxetyl exhibit less shrinkage during the accompanying polymerization reaction. Among cyclic ether groups, compounds with epoxy groups have the advantages of easily obtaining compounds with various structures, not adversely affecting the durability of the resulting hard coating, and easily controlling compatibility with free radical polymerizable compounds. Among cyclic ether groups, oxetyl groups have advantages such as easier degree of polymerization compared to epoxy groups, lower toxicity, faster network formation rate obtained from the cationic polymerizable compound in the resulting hard coating, and the formation of an independent network without unreacted monomers remaining in the film even in areas mixed with free radical polymerizable compounds.

[0134] Examples of cationic polymerizable compounds with epoxy groups include: polyoxypropylene ethers of polyols with alicyclic rings, or alicyclic epoxy resins obtained by epoxidizing compounds containing cyclohexene or cyclopentene rings with appropriate oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide or peracid; alicyclic epoxy resins such as polyoxypropylene ethers of aliphatic polyols or their epoxy alkyl adducts, polyoxypropylene esters of aliphatic long-chain polyacids, and homopolymers and copolymers of (meth)acrylate; bisphenols such as bisphenol A, bisphenol F, or hydrogenated bisphenol A, or their epoxy alkyl adducts; epoxypropylene ethers manufactured by reacting derivatives such as caprolactone adducts with epichlorohydrin; and epoxypropylene ether-type epoxy resins derived from bisphenols, belonging to phenolic varnish epoxy resins, etc.

[0135] The hard coating composition may further contain a polymerization initiator. The polymerization initiator may be a free radical polymerization initiator, a cationic polymerization initiator, or a combination of free radical and cationic polymerization initiators, which may be appropriately selected. These polymerization initiators are decomposed and generate free radicals or cations by at least one of active energy line irradiation and heating, thereby enabling free radical polymerization and cationic polymerization.

[0136] Free radical polymerization initiators are simply substances that can release free radical polymerization initiators through at least one of irradiation with an active energy line or heating. Examples of thermal free radical polymerization initiators include organic peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide and benzoic acid peroxide, and azo compounds such as azobisbutyronitrile.

[0137] Active energy line free radical polymerization initiators include Type 1 free radical polymerization initiators that generate free radicals through molecular decomposition, and Type 2 free radical polymerization initiators that coexist with tertiary amines and generate free radicals through dehydrogenation reactions. They can be used alone or in combination.

[0138] Cationic polymerization initiators only require that the substance initiating cationic polymerization be released by at least one of active energy line irradiation and heating. Aromatic ferric salts, aromatic strontium salts, ferrocene(II) complexes, etc., can be used as cationic polymerization initiators. These, due to their structural differences, can initiate cationic polymerization by either or both of active energy line irradiation and heating.

[0139] The polymerization initiator may contain 0.1 to 10% by weight relative to 100% of the total hard coating composition. If the content of the polymerization initiator is less than 0.1% by weight, it is impossible to harden sufficiently and it is difficult to achieve the mechanical properties or adhesion of the final coating film. If it exceeds 10% by weight, poor adhesion, cracking, or curling may occur due to hardening shrinkage.

[0140] The hard coating composition may further contain one or more components selected from the group consisting of solvents and additives. The solvent is one that can dissolve or disperse polymerizable compounds and polymerization initiators; solvents known as those used in hard coating compositions in this technical field may be used without particular limitation. Additives may include inorganic particles, leveling agents, stabilizers, surfactants, antistatic agents, lubricants, antifouling agents, etc.

[0141] (Touch sensor) Touch sensors are used as an input method. Various types of touch sensors have been proposed, including resistive film, surface acoustic wave, infrared, electromagnetic induction, and capacitive types, and any of these can be used. Capacitive types are preferred. Capacitive touch sensors are divided into an active area and an inactive area located around the active area. The active area corresponds to the area of ​​the display panel (display section) and is the area that senses the user's touch. The inactive area corresponds to the area of ​​the display device where no image is displayed (non-display section). A touch sensor may include: a flexible substrate, a sensing pattern formed on the active area of ​​the substrate, and sensing lines formed on the inactive area of ​​the substrate and connected to an external driving circuit through the sensing pattern and pads.

[0142] The substrate with flexible properties can be the transparent substrate used to form the window, as exemplified. For the purpose of suppressing breakage of the touch sensor, the substrate of the touch sensor preferably has a toughness of 2,000 MPa% or higher. More preferably, the toughness is between 2,000 MPa% and 30,000 MPa%. Toughness is a value measured using a tensile testing machine (universal testing machine) under conditions of 23°C and 55% relative humidity.

[0143] The sensing pattern may have a first pattern formed in a first direction and a second pattern formed in a second direction. The first pattern and the second pattern are arranged in opposite directions. The first pattern and the second pattern are formed on the same layer, and the individual patterns must be electrically connected in order to sense the touch position. The first pattern is a structure in which the individual patterns are interconnected through connectors, and the second pattern is a structure in which the individual patterns are separated in an island-like manner. Therefore, additional bridging electrodes are required for the electrical connection of the second pattern.

[0144] The sensing pattern can be made from known transparent electrode materials. Examples include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO), cadmium tin oxide (CTO), PEDOT (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and metal wires. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. ITO is preferred. There are no particular limitations on the metal used in the metal wires; examples include silver, gold, aluminum, copper, iron, nickel, titanium, ruthenium, and chromium. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0145] The bridging electrode can be formed on top of the sensing pattern through an insulating layer. It can be formed on a substrate, with the insulating layer and sensing pattern formed on top of it. The bridging electrode can be formed from the same material as the sensing pattern, or from metals such as molybdenum, silver, aluminum, copper, palladium, gold, platinum, zinc, tin, titanium, or alloys of two or more of these. The first and second patterns must be electrically insulating; therefore, an insulating layer is formed between the sensing pattern and the bridging electrode. The insulating layer can be formed only between the connector of the first pattern and the bridging electrode, or it can be formed as a layer covering the sensing pattern. In the latter case, the bridging electrode can be connected to the second pattern through contact holes formed in the insulating layer.

[0146] In a touch sensor, as a means to appropriately compensate for the transmittance difference between patterned areas and unpatterned areas, specifically the light transmittance difference caused by the refractive index difference in these areas, an optical adjustment layer can be further included between the substrate and the electrode. The optical adjustment layer may contain an inorganic or organic insulating material. The optical adjustment layer can be formed by coating a photocurable composition containing a photocurable organic binder and solvent onto the substrate. The photocurable composition may further contain inorganic particles. The refractive index of the optical adjustment layer can be increased by using inorganic particles.

[0147] Photocurable organic adhesives may contain copolymers of various monomers such as acrylate monomers, styrene monomers, and carboxylic acid monomers. Photocurable organic adhesives may also be copolymers containing repeating units with different radicals, such as repeating units containing epoxy groups, repeating units of acrylates, and repeating units of carboxylic acids.

[0148] Inorganic particles may include, for example, zirconium dioxide particles, titanium dioxide particles, and alumina particles. The photocuring composition may further contain photopolymerization initiators, polymerizable monomers, curing aids, and other additives.

[0149] (Light-blocking colored pattern) Light-shielding tint patterns can be used as at least a portion of the frame or housing of a flexible display device. By using light-shielding tint patterns, wiring disposed at the edges of the flexible display device can be concealed, making it difficult to visually identify, thereby improving the visual clarity of the image. Light-shielding tint patterns can be in the form of a single layer or multiple layers.

[0150] There are no particular limitations on the color of the light-shielding pattern; it can be black, white, metallic, or any other color. The light-shielding pattern can be formed from pigments that display color, and polymers such as acrylic resins, ester resins, epoxy resins, polyurethane, and polysiloxane. These can be used alone or in mixtures of two or more types. The light-shielding pattern can be formed using various methods such as printing, photolithography, and inkjet printing. The thickness of the light-shielding pattern can be 1 to 100 μm, preferably 2 to 50 μm. A shape that imparts an angled thickness to the light-shielding pattern is also preferred.

[0151] (Example) The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0152] [Determination of shear latent rates C1 and C3 obtained by torsion measurement] The shear latent rate C1 of the adhesive layer (x) measured by torsion at 60°C was determined using a viscoelasticity measuring device (MCR-301, Anton Paar). The adhesive sheet described below was cut into 20mm wide x 20mm long pieces, and the separator was peeled off. Multiple sheets were stacked to a thickness of 150μm to obtain an adhesive reference layer. This adhesive reference layer was bonded to a plate, and while in contact with the test piece, the shear deformation (shear latent rate) was measured for 600 seconds at 60°C under normal force 1N and pressure 10000Pa. The value measured at 60°C was taken as the shear latent rate C1 measured by torsion. The shear latent rate C3 under torsion was measured in the same manner as the shear latent rate C1 measured by torsion, except that the measurement temperature was changed to -20°C.

[0153] [Determination of Flexural Stiffness D1] After the laminates obtained in the examples and comparative examples were placed in an environment at 60°C for 24 hours, a 25g load was applied within 5 minutes at a temperature of 25°C using a flexural stiffness evaluation machine (GURLEY STIFFNESS TESTER, manufactured by KUMAGAI RIKI KOGYO) to measure the flexural stiffness. The obtained value was taken as the flexural stiffness D1 at 60°C.

[0154] [Thickness Measurement] The thickness was measured using a contact film thickness measuring device (Nikon Corporation "ZC-101").

[0155] [Determination of Glass Transfer Temperature] The adhesive layer (x) was obtained by peeling off the separator from the adhesive sheet described later. The glass transition temperature of the obtained adhesive layer (x) was measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) "EXSTAR DSC6000" manufactured by SII NanoTechnology Co., Ltd. under nitrogen conditions with a measurement temperature range of -80 to 50°C and a heating rate of 10°C / min.

[0156] [Determination of Gel Fraction] After cutting the adhesive sheet (described later) into pieces 80mm wide and 80mm long, the adhesive layer (x) contained in the cut adhesive sheet is used as the sample. The sample is wrapped in a polyester mesh (mesh size 200) and its mass is weighed using a precision balance. The mass of the sample alone, M1, is calculated by subtracting the mass of the mesh alone from the weighed mass.

[0157] Next, the adhesive layer (x) covering the aforementioned polyester mesh was immersed in ethyl acetate at room temperature (23°C) for 72 hours, and the sample was removed (hereinafter referred to as the "immersed sample"). The immersed sample was air-dried at 23°C and 50% relative humidity for 24 hours, and then further dried in an oven at 120°C for 4 hours. Its mass was then weighed using a precision balance. The mass of the immersed sample M2 was calculated by subtracting the mass of the mesh alone from the weighed mass. The gel fraction was determined from the mass M1 and mass M2 according to the following formula. Gel fraction [%] = (M2 / M1) × 100.

[0158] [Determination of storage elastic modulus G1 and G2] The storage elastic modulus G1 at 60°C and the storage elastic modulus G2 at 25°C of the adhesive layer (x) were measured using a viscoelasticity measuring apparatus (MCR-301, Anton Paar). The adhesive sheet (described below) was cut into 20mm wide x 20mm long pieces, the separator was peeled off, and multiple sheets were stacked to a thickness of 150μm and bonded to a glass plate. Measurements were performed in the temperature range of -20°C to 80°C under conditions of 1.0Hz frequency, normal force 1N, deformation 1%, and heating rate 2°C / min, with the adhesive layer in contact with the measurement piece. The storage elastic moduli G1 and G2 at 25°C and 60°C were then determined.

[0159] [Evaluation of flexibility] The separator A was peeled off from the laminate obtained in the examples and comparative examples, and a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film with a thickness of 100 μm, assuming it is an image display element, was bonded to the exposed adhesive layer (x) to obtain test piece 100. The following high-temperature bending test was performed using test piece 100. Figures 3(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams illustrating the method of the high-temperature bending test. A bending device (Science Town Corporation, STS-VRT-500) with two platforms 501 and 502 was prepared. Test piece 100 was placed on platforms 501 and 502 with the protective film side facing upwards (Figure 3(a)). The two platforms 501 and 502 were arranged with a gap x1, and the test piece 100 was fixed and positioned such that its center in the width direction was located at the center of the gap x1 (Figure 3(a)). Platforms 501 and 502 are swayable, and initially the two platforms 501 and 502 are in the same plane. Two platforms 501 and 502 are rotated 90 degrees upwards around positions P1 and P2 as the centers of rotation. The two platforms 501 and 502 are closed with the opposing test pieces 100 spaced 6 mm apart by x2 (Figure 3(b)). Platforms 501 and 502 are then opened again. This action is defined as one bend. This action is repeated at a temperature of 60°C. The number of bends is counted until bubbles appear or the adhesive layer (x) of the test piece 100 detaches, and the bendability at 60°C is evaluated. The evaluation criteria are as follows. A: Even after 200,000 bending cycles, no bubbles or adhesive peeling occurred. B: When the number of bending cycles exceeds 100,000 but does not reach 200,000, bubbles or adhesive detachment will occur. C: Bubbles or adhesive detachment occur when the number of bending cycles is less than 100,000.

[0160] [Evaluation of Cutting-Edge Design] The laminates obtained in the examples and comparative examples were placed at 60°C for 24 hours, and then cut using a super cutter at 25°C within 5 minutes. The resulting cross-sections were observed under a microscope and evaluated using the following criteria. a: No desizing was observed, or the desizing was less than 1 mm and could be removed by washing. b: Desizing to a thickness of 1mm or more cannot be removed by washing.

[0161] [Modulation of (meth)acrylic acid polymers A1 to A4] A mixture of monomer components shown in Table 1, prepared by refluxing nitrogen and adjusting the temperature, was introduced into a 1L reactor equipped with a cooling device. The mixture was then mixed with nitrogen at the dosages shown in Table 1. To remove oxygen, the mixture was maintained at 60°C after refluxing nitrogen in the reactor for 1 hour. After homogenization, the photopolymerization initiator shown in Table 1 was added at the dosages shown in Table 1, and the mixture was irradiated with a UV lamp (10mW) while stirring to obtain (meth)acrylic acid polymers A1 to A4. The dosages shown in Table 1 represent the mass ratios relative to the total mass of the monomer components and the photopolymerization initiator. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0162] [Table 1]

[0163] The abbreviations in Table 1 are as follows. TDA: Tridecyl acrylate (Glass transfer temperature: -55℃). IDA: Isodecyl acrylate (glass transfer temperature: -60℃). EOEOEA: Ethoxyethyl acrylate (Glass transfer temperature: -56℃). CA: Caprolactone acrylate (glass transfer temperature: -40℃). 2-EHA: 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate (glass transfer temperature: -70℃). BA: n-Butyl acrylate (glass transfer temperature: -55℃). 2-HEA: 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (glass transfer temperature: -15℃). LA: Lauryl acrylate (glass transfer temperature: 15℃). DCA: Docosyl acrylate. I-651: Benzyl dimethyl ketal. I-184: 1-Hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone.

[0164] [Preparation of adhesive components B1 to B7] The acrylic polymers, compounds, and polymerization initiators shown in Table 2 were mixed at the blending amounts shown in Table 2 to obtain adhesive compositions B1 to B7. The blending amounts shown in Table 2 represent the mass ratios relative to the total mass of the polymers, compounds, and polymerization initiators.

[0165] [Table 2]

[0166] The abbreviations in Table 2 are as follows. PU2100: Ethyl carbamate acrylic monomer (Miwon Specialty Chemicals' "MIRAMER PU2100", acrylonitrile number: 2, weight average molecular weight: 1300). PU2200: Ethyl carbamate acrylic monomer (Miwon Specialty Chemicals' "MIRAMER PU2200", acrylonitrile number: 2, weight average molecular weight: 2000). PU2510: Ethyl carbamate acrylic monomer (MIRAMER PU2510 from Miwon Specialty Chemicals, acrylic acid group: 2, weight average molecular weight: 4900). SC2565: Ethyl carbamate acrylic monomer (MIRAMER SC2565 from Miwon Specialty Chemicals, acrylic acid group: 2, weight average molecular weight: 5100). HDDA: 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate. IDA: Isodecyl acrylate.

[0167] [Preparation of adhesive sheets (1) to (10)] The adhesive composition shown in Tables 3 and 4 was applied to the release treatment surface of the separator A (a polyethylene terephthalate film coated with a release agent containing a polysiloxane compound) with the thicknesses shown in Tables 3 and 4. After the separator B (a polyethylene terephthalate film coated with a release agent containing a polysiloxane compound) with the thicknesses shown in Tables 3 and 4 was deposited on the coating layer with the release treatment surface side facing the coating layer side, UV irradiation was performed to obtain adhesive sheets (1) to (10) having a layer structure of separator A / adhesive layer (x) / separator B. The UV irradiation was performed with a cumulative light intensity of 400 mJ / cm2 and an illuminance of 1.8 mW / cm2 (UVV reference). The shear creep C1, storage modulus G1 and G2 at 60°C and 25°C, thickness, glass transition temperature Tg, and gel fraction of the adhesive layers (x) of the obtained adhesive sheets (1) to (10) were determined by torsion at 60°C. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0168] [Examples 1, 2, 6, and Comparative Example 1] (Preparation of circular polarizing plate) A protective film (cycloolefin resin film, 18 μm thick) and a linear polarizing layer (8 μm thick) are bonded together using a water-based adhesive to obtain a linear polarizing plate with a layer structure of protective film / adhesive layer / linear polarizing layer.

[0169] A phase retardation laminate was obtained by sequentially stacking a first phase retardation layer (3 μm thick), an adhesive layer (1 μm thick), and a second phase retardation layer (2 μm thick). The first phase retardation layer is a λ / 4 phase retardation layer, which is a cured layer of a polymeric liquid crystal compound. The adhesive layer is a cured layer of an epoxy-based adhesive composed of a photocurable adhesive. The second phase retardation layer is a positive carbon layer, which is also a cured layer of a polymeric liquid crystal compound.

[0170] The linear polarizing layer side of the obtained linear polarizing plate is bonded to the first phase difference layer side of the phase difference stack using an acrylic adhesive layer (5 μm thick) to obtain a circular polarizing plate as a polarizing plate. The layer structure of the circular polarizing plate is linear polarizing plate (protective film / adhesive layer / linear polarizing layer) / phase difference stack (first phase difference layer / adhesive layer / second phase difference layer).

[0171] (Preparation of protective film) A protective film with an acrylic curable adhesive layer (15 μm) is prepared on one side of a substrate layer (polyester resin film, 38 μm thick).

[0172] (Fabrication of laminated bodies) The circular polarizer and protective film obtained above are bonded together with the acrylic-based curable adhesive layer side of the protective film becoming the linear polarizer side. The adhesive layer (x) exposed by the separator B peeled off from the adhesive sheet shown in Tables 3 and 4 is bonded to the phase retardation laminate side of the circular polarizer, thereby obtaining laminates (1), (2), (6), and (7). The layer structure of these laminates is as follows: protective film (substrate layer / acrylic-based curable adhesive layer) / linear polarizer (protective film / adhesive layer / linear polarizer layer) / acrylic adhesive layer / phase retardation laminate (first phase retardation layer / adhesive layer / second phase retardation layer) / adhesive layer (x) / separator A.

[0173] The flexural stiffness D1, bending properties, and shearability of the resulting laminates were evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0174] [Examples 3 and 4] (Preparation of circular polarizing plate) A phase retardation laminate was obtained by sequentially stacking a first phase retardation layer (2 μm thick), an adhesive layer (2 μm thick), and a second phase retardation layer (1 μm thick). The first phase retardation layer is a λ / 2 phase retardation layer, which is a cured layer of a polymeric liquid crystal compound. The adhesive layer is a cured layer of an epoxy-based adhesive composed of a photocurable adhesive. The second phase retardation layer is a λ / 4 phase retardation layer, which is also a cured layer of a polymeric liquid crystal compound.

[0175] Using the phase difference stacked body obtained above, the remaining items were obtained in the same order as described in Examples 1, 2, 6, and Comparative Example 1 to form a circular polarizing plate. The layer structure of the circular polarizing plate is a linear polarizing plate (protective film / adhesive layer / linear polarizing layer) / phase difference stacked body (first phase difference layer / adhesive layer / second phase difference layer).

[0176] (Fabrication of laminated bodies) Using the circular polarizer obtained above, the remaining laminates (3) and (4) were obtained in the same manner as described in Examples 1, 2, 6, and Comparative Example 1. The layer structure of these laminates is as follows: protective film (substrate layer / acrylic curable adhesive layer) / linear polarizer (protective film / adhesive layer / linear polarizing layer) / acrylic adhesive layer / phase retardation laminate (first phase retardation layer / adhesive layer / second phase retardation layer) / adhesive layer (x) / separator A.

[0177] The flexural stiffness D1, bending properties, and shearability of the resulting laminates were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0178] [Example 5, Comparative Examples 2 and 3] (Preparation of linear polarizing plate) A protective film with a hard coating (2 μm thickness) is prepared on one side of a cyclic olefin resin film (25 μm thick). The cyclic olefin resin film side of the protective film and the linear polarizing layer (8 μm thick) are bonded together using a water-based adhesive to obtain a linear polarizing plate with a layer structure of protective film (hard coating / cyclic olefin resin film) / adhesive layer / linear polarizing layer.

[0179] (Preparation of protective film) A protective film with an acrylic curable adhesive layer (15 μm) is prepared on one side of a substrate layer (polyester resin film, 38 μm thick).

[0180] (Fabrication of laminated bodies) The obtained linear polarizing plate and protective film are bonded together with the acrylic-based curable adhesive layer side of the protective film becoming the protective film side. The adhesive layer (x) exposed by the separator B peeled off from the adhesive sheet shown in Tables 3 and 4 is bonded to the linear polarizing layer side of the linear polarizing plate, thereby obtaining the laminates (5), (8), and (9). The layer structure of the laminate is: protective film (substrate layer / acrylic-based curable adhesive layer) / linear polarizing plate (protective film / adhesive layer / linear polarizing layer) / adhesive layer (x) / separator A.

[0181] The flexural stiffness D1, bending properties, and shearability of the resulting laminates were evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0182] [Example 7] (Preparation for the Window) After coating one surface of a transparent substrate film (polyamide-imide film, 50 μm thick) prepared according to Example 4 of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2018-119141 with a hard coating composition (1), the solvent was dried and UV-cured, thereby forming a window (58 μm thick) with a hard coating of 8 μm thickness on one side of the substrate film. The hard coating composition (1) was prepared by mixing 30 parts by weight of multifunctional acrylate (MIWON Specialty Chemical, MIRAMER M340), 50 parts by weight of nano silica sol (particle size 12 nm, solid content 40%) dispersed in propylene glycol monomethyl ether, 17 parts by weight of ethyl acetate, 2.7 parts by weight of photopolymerization initiator (BASF, I184), and 0.3 parts by weight of fluorine additive (Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., KY1203) using a mixer and filtering with a polypropylene (PP) filter. The window layer is constructed of a hard coating / polyimide film.

[0183] The separator B is peeled off from the adhesive sheet (10). Corona treatment is performed on the exposed adhesive layer (x) surface and the polyimide film side surface of the window (output 0.3kW, speed 3m / min). After corona treatment, the adhesive sheet (10) and the window are laminated to obtain a window with an adhesive layer of hard coating / polyimide film / adhesive layer (x) / separator A layer structure.

[0184] (Preparation of linear polarizing plate) A hard coating composition (2) was applied to a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (100 μm thick) using a rod coating method, and then dried in a drying oven at 80°C for 3 minutes. The dried film was then irradiated with UV light (SPOT CURE SP-7, manufactured by USHIO Electric Co., Ltd.) with an exposure dose of 500 mJ / cm2 (365 nm standard) to form a hard coating (HC layer), thus obtaining a PET film with an HC layer. The hard coating composition (2) was prepared by mixing 2.8 parts by weight of 18-functional acrylonitrile dendritic acrylate (Miramer SP1106, Miwon), 6.6 parts by weight of 6-functional acrylonitrile ethyl carbamate acrylate (Miramer PU-620D, Miwon), 0.5 parts by weight of photopolymerization initiator (Irgacure-184, BASF), 0.1 parts by weight of leveling agent (BYK-3530, BYK), and 90 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). The thickness of the hard coating (HC layer) was measured to be 2.0 μm using a laser microscope (OLYMPUS Co., Ltd. OLS3000).

[0185] A corona treatment was performed once on the HC layer side of the PET film with the HC layer obtained above. The corona treatment conditions were an output of 0.3 kW and a processing speed of 3 m / min. Subsequently, an alignment film forming composition was coated onto the HC layer of the PET film with the HC layer using a rod coating method, and dried in a drying oven at 80°C for 1 minute. The alignment film forming composition is as described in paragraph

[0103] of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2020-157577. An alignment film was formed by performing a polarized UV irradiation treatment on the obtained dried film. The polarized UV treatment was performed by irradiating a light-transmitting grid (UIS-27132##, USHIO Electric Co., Ltd.) with a UV irradiation device (SPOT CURE SP-7; manufactured by USHIO Electric Co., Ltd.), and the cumulative light intensity measured at a wavelength of 365 nm was 100 mJ / cm2. The thickness of the alignment film was 100 nm.

[0186] A composition for forming a polarizing layer was coated onto the alignment film formed above using a rod coating method. The film was then dried in a drying oven at 120°C for 1 minute and cooled to room temperature. Using the aforementioned UV irradiation apparatus, the dried film was irradiated with ultraviolet light at a cumulative intensity of 1200 mJ / cm² (365 nm reference) to form a polarizing layer. The composition for forming the polarizing layer is as described in paragraphs

[0104] to

[0107] of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2020-157577. The thickness of the obtained polarizing layer, measured using a laser microscope (OLYMPUS Co., Ltd. OLS3000), was 1.8 μm.

[0187] A protective layer composition was applied to the obtained polarizing layer using a rod coating method, with a dry thickness of 1.0 μm. The coating was then dried at 80°C for 3 minutes to form a protective layer (OC layer), thus obtaining a linear polarizing plate. The protective layer composition is as described in paragraph

[0108] of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2020-157577. The linear polarizing plate has a layer structure of PET film / HC layer / alignment film / polarizing layer / OC layer.

[0188] Prepare an adhesive sheet A consisting of a heavy-release film, an adhesive layer A (5 μm thick acrylic adhesive), and a light-release film. Peel the light-release film from the adhesive sheet A. Perform corona treatment (0.3 kW output, 3 m / min speed) on the exposed surface of the adhesive layer A and the OC layer surface of the linear polarizer. After corona treatment, bond the adhesive layer A and the OC layer together to obtain a linear polarizer with an adhesive layer attached. The linear polarizer with an adhesive layer is configured as follows: PET film / HC layer / alignment film / polarizing layer / OC layer / adhesive layer A / heavy-release film.

[0189] (Preparation of circular polarizing plate) Mix the following ingredients and degas to prepare UV-curing adhesive A. 70 parts of 3',4'-epoxycyclohexylmethyl 3,4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate (CEL2021P, Daicel Inc.); Neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether (EX-211, manufactured by Nagasechemtex Inc.) 20 parts by weight; 10 parts by weight of 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether (EX-121, manufactured by Nagasechemtex Inc.); Cationic polymerization initiator (CPI-100, San-Apro Corporation, 2.25 parts by weight of solids (blended as a 50% propylene carbonate solution); and 2 parts of 1,4-diethoxynaphthalene.

[0190] A substrate-attached phase retardation laminate with a thickness of 7 μm is prepared by sequentially stacking substrate film A, a first phase retardation layer, an adhesive layer, a second phase retardation layer, and substrate film B. The adhesive layer is composed of a cured product of UV-curable adhesive A and has a thickness of 2 μm. The first phase retardation layer is a λ / 4 phase retardation layer, which consists of a layer cured by a polymerizable liquid crystal compound and an alignment film, with a thickness of 2 μm. The second phase retardation layer is a positive C layer, which consists of a layer cured by a polymerizable liquid crystal compound and an alignment film, with a thickness of 3 μm. The layer structure of the substrate-attached phase retardation laminate is: substrate film A / first phase retardation layer (λ / 4 phase retardation layer) / adhesive layer / second phase retardation layer (positive C layer) / substrate film B.

[0191] The release film of the linear polarizer with the adhesive layer obtained above is peeled off, and the substrate film A is peeled off from the phase retardation laminate obtained above. Corona treatment (output 0.3kW, speed 3m / min) is performed on the surface of the adhesive layer A exposed by the release film and the surface of the first phase retardation layer exposed by the substrate film A, and the adhesive layer A and the λ / 4 layer are bonded together to obtain the circular polarizer with the substrate. The layer structure of the circular polarizer with the substrate is PET film / HC layer / alignment film / polarizing layer / OC layer / adhesive layer A / first phase retardation layer (λ / 4 phase retardation layer) / adhesive layer / second phase retardation layer (positive C layer) / substrate film B.

[0192] The separator B is peeled off from the adhesive sheet (10), and the substrate film B is peeled off from the circular polarizer with the substrate attached. Corona treatment is performed on the surface of the adhesive layer (x) exposed by the separation sheet B and the surface of the second retardation layer exposed by the substrate film B (output 0.3kW, speed 3m / min). After the corona treatment, the adhesive layer (x) and the second retardation layer are bonded together to obtain a circular polarizer with an adhesive layer attached. The layer structure of the circular polarizer with an adhesive layer attached is PET film / HC layer / alignment film / polarizing layer / OC layer / adhesive layer A / first retardation layer (λ / 4 retardation layer) / adhesive layer / second retardation layer (positive C layer) / adhesive layer (x) / separator A.

[0193] (Fabrication of the laminate (10)) The separator A is peeled off from the window of the adhesive layer obtained above, and the PET film of the circular polarizer with the adhesive layer is peeled off. Corona treatment is performed on the surface of the adhesive layer (x) exposed by the peeled separator A and the surface of the HC layer exposed by the peeled PET film (output 0.3kW, speed 3m / min). After the corona treatment, the adhesive layer (x) and the HC layer are bonded together to obtain a laminate (10). The layer structure of the laminate (10) is: hard coating / polyimide film / adhesive layer (x) / HC layer / alignment film / polarizing layer / OC layer / adhesive layer A / first phase difference layer (λ / 4 phase difference layer) / adhesive layer / second phase difference layer (positive C layer) / adhesive layer (x) / separator A.

[0194] The flexural stiffness D1, bending properties, and shearability of the resulting laminates were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0195] [Example 8] (Preparation of colored component laminates) An acrylic resin is coated onto a glass plate (support) to form a release layer (thickness: 0.3 μm). A coloring layer forming composition is applied to the release layer, and the dried thickness is 1.5 μm. The coloring layer is then patterned using photolithography, partially forming a colored layer and creating a light-shielding colored pattern. The coloring layer forming composition is an active energy line-curing coloring layer forming composition containing carbon black (manufactured by Samsung SDI, "CR-BK0951L"). The photolithography process involves the following steps: coating the coloring layer forming composition to form a coating layer; exposing the coating layer; developing the exposed coating layer; and thermally curing the developed layer to form the colored layer.

[0196] Next, the composition of Example 1 from Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2016-014877 is coated onto the side of the formed colored layer to form a protective layer (thickness: 3 μm). As described above, a colored member consisting of a protective layer / colored layer / release layer is formed on a glass plate. Next, a protective film is attached to the protective layer. Then, the glass plate is removed, and the exposed release layer and one side of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin film are laminated with UV-curing adhesive A prepared in the order described in Example 7. The UV-curing adhesive A is cured by irradiating with ultraviolet light at a cumulative light intensity of 250 mJ / cm2 (UVB) to form an adhesive layer, thereby obtaining a colored member laminate. The layer structure of the colored member laminate is PET film / adhesive layer / colored member (release layer / colored layer / protective layer) / protective film.

[0197] The separator B is peeled off from the adhesive sheet (10), and the protective film is peeled off from the colored component laminate. Corona treatment (output 0.3kW, speed 3m / min) is applied to the surface of the adhesive layer (x) exposed by the peeled separator B and the surface of the protective layer exposed by the peeled protective film. After the corona treatment, the adhesive layer (x) and the protective layer are bonded together to obtain a colored component with an adhesive layer attached. The layer structure of the colored component with an adhesive layer attached is PET film / adhesive layer / colored component (separation layer / colored layer / protective layer) / adhesive layer (x) / separator A.

[0198] (Fabrication of laminate (11)) The separator A is peeled off from the colored component with the adhesive layer obtained above, and the PET film is peeled off from the circular polarizing plate with the adhesive layer prepared in the order described in Example 7. Corona treatment (output 0.3kW, speed 3m / min) is performed on the surface of the adhesive layer (x) exposed by the peeled separator A and the surface of the HC layer exposed by the peeled PET film. After the corona treatment, the adhesive layer (x) and the HC layer are bonded together.

[0199] After the above bonding, the PET film laminated through the adhesive layer on the colored component and the adhesive layer (x) exposed by peeling the separator A through the window of the adhesive layer prepared in the order described in Example 7 are subjected to corona treatment (output 0.3kW, speed 3m / min), and the PET film and adhesive layer (x) are bonded together to obtain the laminate (11). The layer structure of the laminate (11) is as follows: hard coating layer / polyimide film / adhesive layer (x) / PET film / adhesive layer / colored component (separation layer / colored layer / protective layer) / adhesive layer (x) / HC layer / alignment film / polarizing layer / OC layer / adhesive layer A / first phase difference layer (λ / 4 phase difference layer) / adhesive layer / second phase difference layer (positive C layer) / adhesive layer (x) / separator A.

[0200] The flexural stiffness D1, bending properties, and shearability of the resulting laminates were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0201] [Table 3]

[0202] [Table 4]

[0203] X: Adhesive layer 1,2: Laminated bodies 11: Protective film 15: Separator 30:Polarizing plate 31: Linear polarizing layer 32: Protective film 33: First phase difference layer (phase difference layer) 34: Second phase difference layer (phase difference layer) 37, 38: Adhesive layer 100: Test piece 501, 502: Platform

Claims

1. A laminate comprising a polarizing plate having at least a linear polarizing layer and an adhesive layer formed using an adhesive composition, wherein, The aforementioned adhesive composition contains a (meth)acrylic polymer, which contains: a first constituent unit derived from an alkyl (meth)acrylate having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and a second constituent unit derived from a monomer having an ethyl carbamate bond. The monomer having an ethyl carbamate bond has two (meth)acrylic groups. The shear creep C1 of the 150 μm thick adhesive base layer formed using the aforementioned adhesive composition, measured by torsion at 60°C, is 10% to 200%. The flexural stiffness D1 of the aforementioned laminate at 60°C is 1200 m·gf to 1700 m·gf.

2. The stack as described in claim 1, wherein, The aforementioned shear latent rate C1 is above 80% and below 200%.

3. A stack as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The thickness of the aforementioned adhesive layer is between 10 μm and 100 μm.

4. A laminate as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The glass transfer temperature of the aforementioned adhesive layer is below -50°C.

5. A laminate as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The gel content of the aforementioned adhesive layer is between 45% and 85%.

6. A laminate as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The aforementioned (meth)acrylic acid polymers further contain: constituent units derived from monomers with reactive functional groups.

7. The stack as described in claim 6, wherein, The content of the second constituent unit is 2.0% by mass or less, relative to all the constituent units constituting the aforementioned (meth)acrylic polymer.

8. The stacked volume described in claim 6, wherein, The aforementioned (meth)acrylic polymers further contain: units derived from monofunctional (meth)acrylic monomers with alkoxy groups, and units derived from caprolactone (meth)acrylic monomers.

9. A stack as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The aforementioned polarizing plate has a protective film deposited on one or both sides of the aforementioned linear polarizing layer.

10. A laminate as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The aforementioned polarizing plate is a circular polarizing plate having the aforementioned linear polarizing layer and phase difference layer.

11. The laminate as described in claim 1 or 2 further comprises a protective film peelably disposed relative to the aforementioned polarizing plate.

12. The laminate as described in claim 1 or 2 further comprises a spacer disposed peelably relative to the aforementioned adhesive layer.

13. A display device comprising a stack as described in any one of claims 1 to 12.

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