Curable formulations for structural and non-structural applications

Abstract

According to some embodiments, a curable mixture is configured to solidify in the presence of water, wherein the mixture comprises magnesium oxide, a major cementitious component (e.g., slag cement), and at least one accelerator. The major cementitious component comprises 80% to 120% of the weight of magnesium oxide.

Description

[Technical Field] This application is broadly concerned with mixtures formulated to solidify and harden in the presence of water, and more specifically with mixtures containing magnesium oxide that can be used as alternatives to Portland cement and other conventional cementitious formulations. [Previous Technology] Portland cement is the most common type of hydrocement binder used worldwide as a key component in concrete, mortar, grout, and the like. Due to its ubiquity and because its primary raw material is limestone with a relatively high carbon content, the production and use of Portland cement are associated with serious environmental problems. For example, the production of Portland cement significantly impacts global carbon dioxide emissions. Furthermore, the high energy consumption required for the extraction, production, transportation, and / or other processing of Portland cement has further exacerbated environmental issues. In addition, the use of Portland cement blends is associated with other adverse factors, including the hazards associated with handling, preparing, and using such blends; their exothermic output and the associated possibility of alkali burns to workers and others exposed to cement, and similar adverse factors. While magnesium oxide (MgO) may be considered suitable for inclusion in certain hydrogel binders, its use in specific formulations that include slag, certain accelerators, and / or other fillers and additives is not widely recognized. Previous attempts to use MgO cement have encountered numerous problems and other drawbacks, including difficulties in application related to vertical and other structural building conditions (e.g., cracking, non-hydragel properties, incompatibility with steel and other metals). This application discloses and claims various formulations containing MgO, MgO combined with other materials to create volume-modified curable formulations, which provide reliable and sustainable alternatives to Portland cement and / or other currently known mixtures (e.g., mixtures that may contain MgO) for the construction industry and other applications. [Summary of the Invention] According to some embodiments, a curable mixture configured to solidify in the presence of water comprises magnesium oxide and a major cementitious component (e.g., slag cement, Class C fly ash, etc.), wherein the weight of slag is 80% to 120% of the weight of magnesium oxide, wherein the total weight of magnesium oxide and the major cementitious component accounts for at least 15% of the weight of the mixture, wherein the mixture does not contain Portland cement or gypsum, wherein the 7-day strength of the mixture after being combined with water and allowed to cure is at least 2000 psi (e.g., at least 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500, 3000-3500, 3500-4000 psi, greater than 4000 psi, etc.), and wherein the 1-day strength of the mixture after being combined with water and allowed to cure is at least 1000 psi. (e.g., 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2000-2500, 2500-3000, greater than 3000 psi, etc.). In some embodiments, the mixture does not include Portland cement or plaster. According to some embodiments, the main cementitious components include one or both of slag cement and Class C fly ash. According to some embodiments, the total proportion of magnesium oxide and the main cementitious component by weight of the mixture is 15% to 50% (e.g., 15%-50%, 15%-45%, 15-40%, 15%-35%, 20%-50%, 20%-45%, 20%-40%, 20%-35%, 25%-50%, 25%-45%, 25%-40%, 25%-35%, 25%-30%, 30%-35%, values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.), and wherein the weight ratio of the main cementitious component by weight of the mixture is 90% to 110% of the proportion of magnesium oxide. According to some embodiments, the curable mixture contains at least one accelerator, wherein the at least one accelerator contains at least one of the following: magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate, and magnesium sulfate. According to some embodiments, the weight ratio of at least one accelerator to magnesium oxide is 15% to 50% (e.g., 15%-50%, 15%-45%, 15-40%, 15%-35%, 20%-50%, 20%-45%, 20%-40%, 20%-35%, 25%-50%, 25%-45%, 25%-40%, 25%-35%, 25%-30%, 30%-35%, values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.) based on the weight of the mixture and water. In some embodiments, the final cured product produced by combining the mixture with water is suitable for long-term contact with reinforcing bars, mesh, steel, and other easily corroded materials. In some embodiments, the pH of the final cured product produced by combining the mixture with water is greater than 8 (e.g., 8-9, 9-10, 10-11, 11-12, 12-13, 8-13, 9-12, pH values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.). According to some embodiments, at least one accelerator comprises magnesium chloride in the form of MgCl2·6H2O or magnesium nitrate in the form of Mg(NO3)2·6H2O, wherein, based on the weight of the mixture, the weight ratio of MgCl2·6H2O or Mg(NO3)2·6H2O is 1% to 30% of the proportion of magnesium oxide (e.g., 0%, 0%-30%, 0%-25%, 0%-20%, 0%-15%, 0%-10%, 0%-5%, 1%-30%, 1%-25%, 1%-20%, 1%-15%, 1%-10%, 1%-5%, 2%-30%, 2%-25%, 2%-15%, 2%-12%, 2%-10%, 2%-8%, 2%-6%, 2%-5%, 2%-4%, 2%). %-3%, 3%-30%, 3%, 25%, 3%, 15%, 3%-12%, 3%-10%, 3%-8%, 3%-6%, 3%-5%, 3%-4%, 5%-30%, 5%-25%, 5%-20%, 5%-15%, 5%-12%, 5%-10%, 10%-30%, 10%-20%, 15%-25%, 15%-30%, and values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc. In some embodiments, at least one accelerator further comprises magnesium sulfate in the form of MgSO4·7H2O, wherein the weight ratio of MgSO4·7H2O to magnesium oxide is 15% to 50% (e.g., 15%-50%, 15%-45%, 15-40%, 15%-35%, 20%-50%, 20%-45%, 20%-40%, 20%-35%, 25%-50%, 25%-45%, 25%-40%, 25%-35%, 25%-30%, 30%-35%, values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.) based on the weight of the mixture. According to some embodiments, at least one accelerator does not contain phosphate-based materials. In some embodiments, at least one accelerator comprises a phosphate-based accelerator, wherein the weight ratio of the phosphate-based accelerator to magnesium oxide is 0.1% to 5% by weight of the mixture. According to some embodiments, the curable mixture further comprises at least one accelerator, wherein the at least one accelerator comprises magnesium chloride in the form of MgCl2·6H2O or magnesium nitrate in the form of Mg(NO3)2·6H2O. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of MgCl2·6H2O or Mg(NO3)2·6H2O to magnesium oxide is 80% to 120% by weight of the mixture. According to some embodiments, the curable mixture further comprises at least one accelerator, wherein the at least one accelerator comprises magnesium sulfate in the form of MgSO4·7H2O. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of MgSO4·7H2O to magnesium oxide is 90% to 140% by weight of the mixture. According to some embodiments, the total proportion of magnesium oxide and the main cementitious component, based on the weight of the mixture, is 40% to 70%. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the main cementitious component, based on the weight of the mixture, is 90% to 110% of the proportion of magnesium oxide. According to some embodiments, the curable mixture further comprises at least one accelerator, wherein the at least one accelerator comprises at least one of the following: magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, and sodium hexametaphosphate. According to some embodiments, the weight ratio of at least one accelerator to magnesium oxide is 15% to 50% based on the weight of the mixture. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of at least one accelerator to magnesium oxide is 80% to 145% based on the weight of the mixture. According to some embodiments, the mixture has a 7-day strength of at least 3000 psi after being combined with water and allowed to cure. In some embodiments, the mixture has a 7-day strength of at least 4000 psi after being combined with water and allowed to cure. According to some embodiments, the one-day strength of the mixture after being combined with water and allowed to cure is at least 1000 psi. In some embodiments, the one-day strength of the mixture after being combined with water and allowed to cure is at least 2000 psi. According to some embodiments, the mixture further comprises at least one filler material or other additive selected from: pumice or other volcanic rock or material, sand, granules (e.g., fine granules, coarse granules, medium granules, other types of granules, etc.), talc, other clay materials, fibers (e.g., steel and / or other metal fibers, polypropylene and / or other polymer fibers, glass fibers, asbestos fibers, carbon fibers, organic fibers, etc.), glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), other reinforced polymers, mixtures or additives that promote the fire resistance, water resistance, corrosion resistance / inhibition, processability and / or one or more other properties of the final cured product (e.g., MasterPel, RheoCell, MasterCell, etc.), sodium naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde (SNF) and / or other surfactants, plasticizers, pigments, dyes and other colorants, titanium dioxide, other minerals, other natural or synthetic materials, other filler materials and / or the like. According to some embodiments, a curable mixture configured to solidify in the presence of water comprises magnesium oxide, a primary cementitious component (e.g., slag cement, Class C fly ash, etc.), and at least one accelerator, wherein the primary cementitious component constitutes 80% to 120% of the magnesium oxide by weight of the mixture, and wherein the at least one accelerator comprises magnesium chloride in the form of MgCl2·6H2O or magnesium nitrate in the form of Mg(NO3)2·6H2O. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of MgCl2·6H2O or Mg(NO3)2·6H2O to magnesium oxide is 80% to 120% by weight of the mixture. In some embodiments, the mixture does not include Portland cement or gypsum. In some embodiments, the mixture has a 7-day strength of at least 3000 psi after being combined with water and allowed to cure. In some embodiments, the mixture has a 1-day strength of at least 1000 psi after being combined with water and allowed to cure. According to some embodiments, any of the curable mixtures and formulations disclosed herein may comprise four different components. The curable mixture or formulation 10 may contain (i) magnesium oxide (MgO), (ii) a primary cementitious component, (iii) an accelerator, and (iv) a filler and / or other additives. Such mixtures and formulations can be combined with water and / or other liquids and can be cured, thereby producing a cured final product (e.g., a structure, slab, etc.). According to some embodiments, the curable mixture or formulation may include equal or substantially equal parts (by weight of the dried mixture) of MgO and a primary cementitious component. As indicated above, the primary cementitious component may comprise slag cement, Class C fly ash, and / or any other material with cementitious properties (e.g., formulated to react with MgO and / or other components of the mixture to form a binder). For any of the mixtures or formulations disclosed herein, the proportions of MgO and major cementitious components (e.g., slag cement, Class C fly ash, etc.) in the formulation (e.g., a dried formulation before the addition of any water and / or other liquids) may be relatively equal. For example, the proportion of the major cementitious component in the dried mixture or formulation, by weight percentage, is 70% to 130% of the proportion of MgO in the dried mixture or formulation, by weight percentage (e.g., 70%-130%, 80%-120%, 90%-110%, 95%-105%, 98%-102%, 99%-101%, values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.). In some embodiments, the formulation or mixture may contain 40% to 80% (e.g., 40%-80%, 40%-75%, 40%-70%, 40%-65%, 40%-60%, 40%-55%, 40%-50%, 40%-45%, 45%-80%, 45%-75%, 45%-70%, 45%-65%, 45%-60%, 45%-55%, 45%-50%, 50%-80%, 50%-75%, 50%-70%, 50%-65%, 50%-60%) by weight percentage of the dried formulation or mixture. The content of MgO and major cementitious components in combination (0%, 50%-55%, 55%-80%, 55%-75%, 55%-70%, 55%-65%, 55%-60%, 60%-80%, 60%-75%, 60%-70%, 60%-65%, 65%-80%, 65%-75%, 65%-70%, 70%-80%, 70%-75%, 75-80%, and the percentages between the aforementioned ranges). In other formulations, the formulation or mixture may contain 10% to 50% (e.g., 10%-50%, 10%-45%, 10%-40%, 10%-35%, 10%-30%, 10%-25%, 10%-20%, 10%-15%, 15%-50%, 15%-45%, 15%-40%, 15%-35%, 15%-30%, 15%-25%, 15%-20%, 20%-50%, 20%-45%, 20%-40%, 20%-35%, 20%-30%) by weight percentage of the dried formulation or mixture. The content of MgO and major cementitious components in combination (0%, 20%-25%, 25%-50%, 25%-45%, 25%-40%, 25%-35%, 25%-30%, 30%-50%, 30%-45%, 30%-40%, 30%-35%, 35%-50%, 35%-45%, 35%-40%, 40%-50%, 40%-45%, 45-50%, and the percentages between the aforementioned ranges). According to some embodiments, the total proportion of magnesium oxide and major cementitious components (e.g., slag cement, Class C fly ash) by weight of the mixture is 40% to 70% (e.g., 40%-70%, 50%-60%, 40%-60%, 40%-50%, 40%-45%, 45%-50%, 45%-55%, 45%-60%, 45%-65%, 45%-70%, 50%-55%, 50%-65%, 50%-70%, 55%-60%, 55%-65%, 55%-70%, 60%-65%, 60%-70%, and other percentages within the aforementioned ranges). According to some embodiments, as illustrated in FIG1, the curable mixture or formulation 10 further comprises at least one accelerator. In some embodiments, the accelerator comprises at least one of the following: magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate, and magnesium sulfate. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the at least one accelerator to magnesium oxide is 15% to 50% (e.g., 15%-50%, 15%-45%, 15-40%, 15%-35%, 20%-50%, 20%-45%, 20%-40%, 20%-35%, 25%-50%, 25%-45%, 25%-40%, 25%-35%, 25%-30%, 30%-35%, values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.) of the final cured product produced by combining the mixture with water is suitable for long-term contact with reinforcing bars, mesh, steel, and other easily corroded materials. In any of the embodiments disclosed herein, the mixture is designed not to contain sodium hexametaphosphate. In some configurations, the mixture does not contain any sodium hexametaphosphate. In some embodiments, the mixture does not contain any phosphate or other phosphate-based materials. According to some embodiments, at least one accelerator comprises magnesium chloride in the form of MgCl2·6H2O or magnesium nitrate in the form of Mg(NO3)2·6H2O, wherein, based on the weight of the mixture, the weight ratio of MgCl2·6H2O or Mg(NO3)2·6H2O to magnesium oxide is 2% to 30% (e.g., 2%-12%, 2%-10%, 2%-8%, 2%-6%, 2%-5%, 2%-4%, 2%-3%, 3%-12%, 3%-10%, 3%-8%, 3%-6%, 3%-5%, 3%-4%, 5%-12%, 5%-10%, 6%-10%, 6%-8%, values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.), and at least one accelerator further comprises magnesium sulfate in the form of MgSO4·7H2O, wherein, based on the weight of the mixture, the weight ratio of MgSO4·7H2O to magnesium oxide is 15% to 50%. (For example, 15%-50%, 15%-45%, 15-40%, 15%-35%, 20%-50%, 20%-45%, 20%-40%, 20%-35%, 25%-50%, 25%-45%, 25%-40%, 25%-35%, 25%-30%, 30%-35%, and values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.). According to some embodiments, the accelerator does not contain phosphate-based materials. In some embodiments, the accelerator contains a phosphate-based accelerator, wherein the weight ratio of the phosphate-based accelerator to magnesium oxide is 0.1% to 5% (e.g., 0.1%-5%, 0.5%-5%, 1-5%, 1.5%-5%, 2%-5%, 2%-4.5%, 2%-4%, 2%-3.5%, 2.5%-5%, 2.5-4.5%, 2.5%-4%, 2.5%-3.5%, 2.5%-3%, 3%-3.5%, 3%-5%, 4%-5%, values ​​within the foregoing ranges, etc.) based on the weight of the mixture. According to some embodiments, the accelerator comprises magnesium chloride in the form of MgCl2·6H2O or magnesium nitrate in the form of Mg(NO3)2·6H2O, wherein, based on the weight of the mixture, the weight ratio of MgCl2·6H2O or Mg(NO3)2·6H2O is 80% to 120% of the weight ratio of magnesium oxide (e.g., 80%-120%, 90%-110%, 95%-105%, 98%-102%, 80%-100%, 85%-100%, 90%-100%, 95%-100%, 80%-90%, 85%-95%, 100%-120%, 100%-115%, 100%-110%, 100%-105%, 105%-115%, 105%-120%, values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.). According to some embodiments, the accelerator comprises magnesium sulfate in the form of MgSO4·7H2O, wherein the weight ratio of MgSO4·7H2O to magnesium oxide is 90% to 140% (e.g., 90%-140%, 90%-130%, 90%-120%, 90%-110%, 95%-105%, 98%-102%, 80%-100%, 85%-100%, 90%-100%, 95%-100%, 80%-90%, 85%-95%, 100%-120%, 100%-115%, 100%-110%, 100%-105%, 105%-115%, 105%-120%, 105-130%, 105-140%, values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.) based on the weight of the mixture. According to some embodiments, the curable mixture or formulation 10 may additionally include one or more fillers and / or other additives. Possible fillers and / or other additives include (but are not limited to) non-cement slag (e.g., air-cooled slag), non-C-type fly ash (e.g., F-type fly ash), silica fume, nano-silica, fine silica glass, other silica-based materials, waste glass, frosted glass, other glass-containing materials, post-consumer materials, other waste materials, fine-grained materials, medium-grained materials, coarse-grained materials, other types of granules, pumice or other volcanic rocks or materials, sand, talc, other clay materials, fibers (e.g., steel and / or other metal fibers, polypropylene and / or other polymer fibers, glass fibers, asbestos fibers, carbon...). Fibers, organic fibers, etc.), glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP), other reinforced polymers, mixtures or other additives that promote the fire resistance, water resistance, corrosion resistance / inhibition, processability and / or one or more other properties of the final cured product (e.g., MasterPel, RheoCell, MasterCell, etc.), sodium naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde (SNF) and / or other surfactants, plasticizers, pigments, dyes and other colorants, titanium dioxide, other minerals, other natural or synthetic materials, other filler materials and / or similar substances. In some embodiments, the invention includes fillers and / or other additives to react with other components of the mixture and / or to provide beneficial characteristics or properties to the resulting paste (e.g., when the mixture is combined with water) and / or the final cured product. For example, in some embodiments, such materials (e.g., air-cooled slag, other non-cement slag, Class F fly ash, other non-cement fly ash, volcanic ash, silica ash, etc.) can be used to reduce the permeability of the resulting paste or cured product. In some embodiments, such materials help fill or otherwise fill pores or other cavities in the resulting paste and cured product. Depending on some configurations, mixtures or formulations including materials that provide one or more advantages or other benefits to the resulting paste or cured product may be referred to as ternary mixtures. In some embodiments, the non-cement components included in the ternary mixture meet the requirements of ASTM C595. In some embodiments, the invention includes fillers and / or other additives to provide one or more other advantages and benefits, in addition to reducing permeability or without reducing permeability. For example, one or more of the additives listed above may promote fire resistance, water resistance, corrosion resistance / inhibition, processability, and / or one or more other properties of the final cured product. In some embodiments, fillers such as granules (e.g., coarse, medium, fine, etc.), clay, pumice or other volcanic rocks or materials, sand, talc, and other clay materials are present only as fillers. Such materials can provide the desired or required density and structural properties to the mixture and the resulting paste and cured product. According to some embodiments, the dried mixtures or formulations disclosed herein do not contain Portland cement and / or gypsum. In some embodiments, the pH of the mixture (e.g., the dried mixture) and / or the resulting paste and cured product is between 8 and 11 (e.g., 8-11, 8-10, 8-9, 9-11, 9-10, 8.5, 9.5, 8-9.5, 8.5-11, 8.5-10, the range between the foregoing values, etc.). In some formulations, the pH of the mixture (e.g., the dried mixture) and / or the resulting paste and cured product is 10 or higher (e.g., 10, 11, 12, 13, 10-11, 11-12, 12-13, higher than 13, 10-14, 10-13, 10-12, 11-14, 11-13, 12-14, the pH between the foregoing ranges or values, etc.). Therefore, in some embodiments, the mixture is suitable for applications including steel bars or other types of reinforcing metals. According to some embodiments, one or more characteristics or properties (e.g., structural properties, physical properties, etc.) of the pastes or cured products generated using the various mixtures and formulations disclosed herein are similar (and / or even better or more preferred) to the corresponding characteristics or properties of cured Portland cement mixtures and formulations. For example, a curable paste produced by combining any of the mixtures disclosed herein with water has a density equal to or substantially equal to that of Portland cement paste. In some embodiments, the density of the curable paste is 80% to 120% of the density of Portland cement paste. Furthermore, according to some embodiments, the curable paste produced by combining any of the mixtures disclosed herein with water has an exudation rate equal to or substantially equal to that of the Portland cement paste. In some embodiments, the exudation rate of the curable paste is 80% to 120% of that of the Portland cement paste. Furthermore, according to some embodiments, the curable paste produced by combining any of the mixtures disclosed herein with water has a Passon's ratio equal to or substantially equal to that of the Portland cement paste. In some embodiments, the Passon's ratio of the curable paste is 70% to 150% of that of the Portland cement paste. (For example, 70%-150%, 70%-140%, 70%-130%, 70%-120%, 70%-110%, 70%-100%, 70%-90%, 70%-80%, 80%-150%, 80%-140%, 80%-130%, 80%-120%, 80%-110%, 80%-100%, 80%-90%, 90%-150%, 90%-140%, 90%-130%, 90%-120%, 90%-110%, 90%-100%) 100%-150%, 100%-140%, 100%-130%, 100%-120%, 100%-110%, 110%-150%, 110%-140%, 110%-130%, 110%-120%, 120%-150%, 120%-140%, 120%-130%, 130%-150%, 130%-140%, 140%-150%, 95%-105%, 85%-115%, 75%-125%, and percentages between the aforementioned ranges, etc. In some embodiments, the Passon's ratio of the curable paste produced by combining any of the mixtures disclosed herein with water is from 0.15 to 0.30 (e.g., 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.20, 0.21, 0.22, 0.23, 0.24, 0.25, 0.15-0.25, 0.15-0.20, 0.25-0.30, 0.20-0.25, 0.20-0.27, 0.20-0.30, and values ​​between the foregoing values ​​and ranges). Furthermore, according to some embodiments, the curable paste produced by combining any of the mixtures disclosed herein with water has an elastic modulus equal to or substantially equal to that of Portland cement paste.In some embodiments, the elastic modulus of the curable paste is 50% to 200% of that of the Portland cement paste. (For example, 50-200, 50-190, 50-180, 50-170, 50-160, 50-150, 50-140, 50-130, 50-120, 50-110, 50-100, 50-90, 50-80, 50-70, 50-60, 60-200, 60-190, 60-180, 60-170, 60-160, 60-150, 60-140, 60-130, 60-120, 60-110, 60-100, 60-90, 60-80, 60-70, 70-200, 70-190, 70-180, 70-170, 70-160) 70-150, 70-140, 70-130, 70-120, 70-110, 70-100, 70-90, 70-80, 80-200, 80-190, 80-180, 80-170, 80-160, 80-150, 80-140, 80-130, 80-120, 80-110, 80-100, 80-90, 90-200, 90-190, 90-180, 90-170, 90-160, 90-150, 90-140, 90-130, 90-120, 90-110, 90-100, 100-200, 100-190, 100 -180, 100-170, 100-160, 100-150, 100-140, 100-130, 100-120, 100-110, 110-200, 110-190, 110-180, 110-170, 110-160, 110-150, 110-140, 110-130, 110-120, 120-200, 120-190, 120-180, 120-170, 120-160, 120-150, 120-140, 120-130, 130-200, 130-190, 130-180, 130-170, 130-1 60, 130-150, 130-140, 140-200, 140-190, 140-180, 140-170, 140-160, 140-150, 150-200, 150-190, 150-180, 150-170, 150-160, 160-200, 160-190, 160-180, 160-170, 170-200, 170-190, 170-180, 180-200, 180-190, 190-200, 95-105, 85-115, 75-125, 65-135, 55-145, and values ​​between the aforementioned ranges, etc.In some embodiments, the elastic modulus of the curable paste produced by combining any of the mixtures disclosed herein with water is 3 (10⁶) to 5 (10⁶) (e.g., 3 (10⁶)-5 (10⁶), 3.0 (10⁶)-3.5 (10⁶), 3.5 (10⁶)-4.0 (10⁶), 4.0 (10⁶)-4.5 (10⁶), 4.5 (10⁶)-5.0 (10⁶), 3 (10⁶)-4 (10⁶), 3.0 (10⁶)-4.5 (10⁶), 3.5 (10⁶)-5.0 (10⁶), 3.5 (10⁶)-4.5 (10⁶), 3.0 (10⁶), 3.1 (10⁶)-5 ...)-4.5 (10⁶)-3.0 (10⁶)-5.1 (10⁶)-5 (10⁶)-5 (10⁶)-5 (10⁶)-3.1 (10⁶)-5 (10⁶)-5 (10⁶)-5 (10⁶)-3.1 (10⁶)-5 (10⁶)-5 (10⁶)-5 (10⁶)-3.1 (1 6), 3.2(106), 3.3(106), 3.4(106), 3.5(106), 3.6(106), 3.7(106), 3.8(106), 3.9(106), 4.0(106), 4.1(106), 4.2(106), 4.3(106), 4.4(106), 4.5(106), 4.6(106), 4.7(106), 4.8(106), 4.9(106), 5.0(106) psi, values ​​between the aforementioned values ​​and ranges, etc.) psi. As indicated herein, the formulations or mixtures disclosed herein, or their equivalents, may be used in one or more of the following non-limiting applications, industries, and / or situations: residential and commercial building construction (e.g., for stone columns, beams, and other load-bearing components), walls and other building panels (e.g., including non-load-bearing components), airports, dams, dikes, bridges, tunnels, ports, refineries and other industrial sites, parking lots, roads, paving stones and other flooring, sidewalks, pipes, channels, work surfaces, and / or the like. Depending on the ability of the final cured product not to impair steel or other metals, one or more of the formulations or mixtures may be suitable for applications requiring or demanding tensile reinforcement (e.g., to prevent or reduce the likelihood of cracking, breakage, and / or other losses in the cured product). According to some embodiments, the 7-day strength of the mixture after being combined with water and allowed to cure is at least 2000 psi (e.g., 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100, 3200, 3300, 3400, 3500, 3600, 3700, 3800, 3900, 4000, 4500, 5000, 5500 psi, greater than 5500 psi, etc.). In some formulations, the mixture, when combined with water and allowed to cure, has a 1-day strength of at least 1000 psi (e.g., 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500 psi, greater than 4500 psi, etc.). According to some embodiments, a curable mixture is configured to solidify in the presence of water, wherein the mixture comprises magnesium oxide, a major cementitious component (e.g., slag cement, Class C fly ash), and at least one accelerator. The slag constitutes 80% to 120% of the magnesium oxide by weight of the mixture. According to some embodiments, a solidifiable mixture configured to solidify in the presence of water comprises magnesium oxide and slag, wherein, by weight of the mixture, the main cementitious component (e.g., slag cement, Class C fly ash, etc.) accounts for 80% to 120% of the proportion of magnesium oxide (e.g., 80%-120%, 90%-110%, 95%-105%, 98%-102%, 80%-100%, 85%-100%, 90%-100%, 95%-100%, 80%-90%, 85%-95%, 100%-120%, 100%-115%, 100%-110%, 100%-105%, 105%-115%, 105%-120%, values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.), wherein, by weight of the mixture, the sum of the proportions of magnesium oxide and the main cementitious component accounts for at least 40%. (e.g., at least 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, greater than 65%, etc.), wherein the mixture, after being combined with water and allowed to cure, has a 7-day strength of at least 2000 psi (e.g., 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100, 3200, 3300, 3400, 3500, 3600, 3700, 3800, 3900, 4000, 4500, 5000, 5500 psi, greater than 5500 psi, etc.), and wherein the mixture, after being combined with water and allowed to cure, has a 1-day strength of at least 1000 psi. (e.g., 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500 psi, greater than 4500 psi, etc.). In some embodiments, the mixture does not include Portland cement. In some embodiments, the mixture does not include Portland cement or plaster. According to some embodiments, the total proportion of magnesium oxide and the main cementitious components, based on the weight of the mixture, is 35% to 70% (e.g., 35%-70%, 35%-40%, 35%-45%, 35%-50%, 35%-55%, 35%-60%, 35%-65%, 40%-70%, 50%-60%, 40%-60%, 40%-50%, 40%-45%, 45%-50%, 45%-55%, 45%-60%, 45%-65%, 45%-70%, 50%-55%, 50%-65%, 50%-70%, 55%-60%, 55%-65%, 55%-70%, 60%-65%, 60%-70%, and other percentages within the aforementioned ranges, etc.), and wherein, based on the weight of the mixture, the weight ratio of slag is 95% to 105% of the proportion of magnesium oxide. (For example, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%, 101%, 102%, 103%, 104%, 105%, 95%-105%, 96%-104%, 97%-103%, 98%-102%, 99%-101%, and other percentages within the aforementioned ranges). According to some embodiments, the mixture further comprises at least one accelerator, wherein the at least one accelerator comprises at least one of the following: magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, and sodium hexametaphosphate. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the at least one accelerator to magnesium oxide is 15% to 50% (e.g., 15%-50%, 15%-45%, 15-40%, 15%-35%, 20%-50%, 20%-45%, 20%-40%, 20%-35%, 25%-50%, 25%-45%, 25%-40%, 25%-35%, 25%-30%, 30%-35%, values ​​within the foregoing range, etc.) of the final cured product produced by combining the mixture with water is suitable for long-term contact with reinforcing bars, mesh, steel, and other easily corroded materials. In any of the embodiments disclosed herein, the mixture is designed not to contain sodium hexametaphosphate. In some configurations, the mixture does not contain any sodium hexametaphosphate. In some embodiments, the mixture does not contain any phosphate or phosphorus-based materials. According to some embodiments, at least one accelerator comprises magnesium chloride in the form of MgCl2·6H2O or magnesium nitrate in the form of Mg(NO3)2·6H2O, wherein, based on the weight of the mixture, the weight ratio of MgCl2·6H2O or Mg(NO3)2·6H2O to magnesium oxide is 2% to 30% (e.g., 2%-12%, 2%-10%, 2%-8%, 2%-6%, 2%-5%, 2%-4%, 2%-3%, 3%-12%, 3%-10%, 3%-8%, 3%-6%, 3%-5%, 3%-4%, 5%-12%, 5%-10%, 6%-10%, 6%-8%, values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.), and at least one accelerator further comprises magnesium sulfate in the form of MgSO4·7H2O, wherein, based on the weight of the mixture, the weight ratio of MgSO4·7H2O to magnesium oxide is 15% to 50%. (For example, 15%-50%, 15%-45%, 15-40%, 15%-35%, 20%-50%, 20%-45%, 20%-40%, 20%-35%, 25%-50%, 25%-45%, 25%-40%, 25%-35%, 25%-30%, 30%-35%, and values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.). According to some embodiments, at least one accelerator does not contain a phosphate-based material. In some embodiments, at least one accelerator contains a phosphate-based accelerator, wherein the weight ratio of the phosphate-based accelerator to magnesium oxide is 0.1% to 5% (e.g., 0.1%-5%, 0.5%-5%, 1-5%, 1.5%-5%, 2%-5%, 2%-4.5%, 2%-4%, 2%-3.5%, 2.5%-5%, 2.5-4.5%, 2.5%-4%, 2.5%-3.5%, 2.5%-3%, 3%-3.5%, 3%-5%, 4%-5%, values ​​within the foregoing ranges, etc.) based on the weight of the mixture. According to some embodiments, the mixture further comprises at least one accelerator, wherein the at least one accelerator comprises magnesium chloride in the form of MgCl2·6H2O or magnesium nitrate in the form of Mg(NO3)2·6H2O, wherein the weight ratio of MgCl2·6H2O or Mg(NO3)2·6H2O to magnesium oxide is 80% to 120% (e.g., 80%-120%, 90%-110%, 95%-105%, 98%-102%, 80%-100%, 85%-100%, 90%-100%, 95%-100%, 80%-90%, 85%-95%, 100%-120%, 100%-115%, 100%-110%, 100%-105%, 105%-115%, 105%-120%, values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.). According to some embodiments, the mixture further comprises at least one accelerator, wherein the at least one accelerator comprises magnesium sulfate in the form of MgSO4·7H2O, wherein the weight ratio of MgSO4·7H2O to magnesium oxide is 90% to 140% by weight of the mixture (e.g., 90%-140%, 90%-130%, 90%-120%, 90%-110%, 95%-105%, 98%-102%, 80%-100%, 85%-100%, 90%-100%, 95%-100%, 80%-90%, 85%-95%, 100%-120%, 100%-115%, 100%-110%, 100%-105%, 105%-115%, 105%-120%, 105-130%, 105-140%, values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.). According to some embodiments, the total proportion of magnesium oxide and slag, by weight of the mixture, is 40% to 70% (e.g., 40%-70%, 50%-60%, 40%-60%, 40%-50%, 40%-45%, 45%-50%, 45%-55%, 45%-60%, 45%-65%, 45%-70%, 50%-55%, 50%-65%, 50%-70%, 55%-60%, 55%-65%, 55%-70%, 60%-65%, 60%-70%, and other percentages within the aforementioned ranges). According to some embodiments, the weight ratio of the main cementitious component (e.g., slag cement, Class C fly ash) to magnesium oxide is 95% to 105% (e.g., 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%, 101%, 102%, 103%, 104%, 105%, 95%-105%, 96%-104%, 97%-103%, 98%-102%, 99%-101%, other percentages within the aforementioned ranges, etc.) based on the weight of the mixture. According to some embodiments, the mixture further comprises at least one accelerator, wherein the at least one accelerator comprises at least one of the following: magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, and sodium hexametaphosphate. According to some embodiments, the weight ratio of at least one accelerator to magnesium oxide is 15% to 50% (e.g., 15%-50%, 15%-45%, 15-40%, 15%-35%, 20%-50%, 20%-45%, 20%-40%, 20%-35%, 25%-50%, 25%-45%, 25%-40%, 25%-35%, 25%-30%, 30%-35%, values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.) based on the weight of the mixture. According to some embodiments, based on the weight of the mixture, the weight ratio of at least one accelerator is 80% to 145% of the proportion of magnesium oxide (e.g., 80%-145%, 80%-140%, 80%-130%, 80%-120%, 80%-110%, 85%-145%, 85%-140%, 85%-130%, 85%-120%, 85%-110%, 90%-145%, 90%-140%, 90%-130%, 90%-120%, 90%-110%, 95%-105%, 98%-10%). 2%, 80%-100%, 85%-100%, 90%-100%, 95%-100%, 80%-90%, 85%-95%, 100%-120%, 100%-115%, 100%-110%, 100%-105%, 105%-115%, 105%-120%, 105-130%, 105-140%, 105%-145%, and values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc. According to some embodiments, the 7-day strength of the mixture after being combined with water and allowed to cure is at least 3000, 3100, 3200, 3300, 3400, 3500, 4000, 4500, 5000 psi, values ​​between the foregoing, or greater than 5000 psi. According to some embodiments, the 1-day strength of the mixture after being combined with water and allowed to cure is at least 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000 psi, values ​​between the foregoing, or greater than 4000 psi. According to some embodiments, the mixture further comprises at least one filler material or other additive selected from: pumice or other volcanic rock or material, sand, granules (e.g., fine granules, coarse granules, medium granules, other types of granules, etc.), talc, other clay materials, fibers (e.g., steel and / or other metal fibers, polypropylene and / or other polymer fibers, glass fibers, asbestos fibers, carbon fibers, organic fibers, etc.), glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), other reinforced polymers, mixtures or additives that promote the fire resistance, water resistance, corrosion resistance / inhibition, processability and / or one or more other properties of the final cured product (e.g., MasterPel, RheoCell, MasterCell, etc.), sodium naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde (SNF) and / or other surfactants, plasticizers, pigments, dyes and other colorants, titanium dioxide, other minerals, other natural or synthetic materials, other filler materials and / or the like. According to some embodiments, a solidifiable mixture configured to solidify in the presence of water comprises magnesium oxide, a major cementitious component (e.g., slag cement, Class C fly ash, etc.), and at least one accelerator, wherein the weight ratio of slag to magnesium oxide is 80% to 120% by weight of the mixture. (For example, values ​​within the ranges of 80%-120%, 90%-110%, 95%-105%, 98%-102%, 80%-100%, 85%-100%, 90%-100%, 95%-100%, 80%-90%, 85%-95%, 100%-120%, 100%-115%, 100%-110%, 100%-105%, 105%-115%, 105%-120%, etc.), wherein at least one accelerator comprises magnesium chloride in the form of MgCl2·6H2O or magnesium nitrate in the form of Mg(NO3)2·6H2O, wherein, by weight of the mixture, the weight ratio of MgCl2·6H2O or Mg(NO3)2·6H2O is 80% to 120% of the weight ratio of magnesium oxide. (For example, values ​​within the ranges of 80%-120%, 90%-110%, 95%-105%, 98%-102%, 80%-100%, 85%-100%, 90%-100%, 95%-100%, 80%-90%, 85%-95%, 100%-120%, 100%-115%, 100%-110%, 100%-105%, 105%-115%, 105%-120%, etc.). In some embodiments, the mixture does not contain Portland cement. In some embodiments, the mixture does not contain Portland cement or gypsum. In some embodiments, the mixture does not contain gypsum as an initial component of the mixture. For example, in some embodiments, although the dried mixture does not contain gypsum, when the dried mixture is combined with water (e.g., during or after curing), gypsum in a certain final or intermediate form may be produced. In some embodiments, the mixture has a 7-day strength of at least 3000 psi after being combined with water and allowed to cure (e.g., 3000, 3100, 3200, 3300, 3400, 3500, 3600, 3700, 3800, 3900, 4000, 4500, 5000, 5500 psi, greater than 5500 psi, etc.) after being combined with water and allowed to cure, and a 1-day strength of at least 1000 psi (e.g., 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500 psi, greater than 4500 psi, etc.). According to some embodiments, a curable mixture configured to solidify in the presence of water comprises magnesium oxide and slag, wherein, by weight of the mixture, the weight ratio of the main cementitious component (e.g., slag cement, Class C fly ash) is 80% to 120% of the magnesium oxide (e.g., 80%-120%, 90%-110%, 95%-105%, 98%-102%, 80%-100%, 85%-100%, 90%-100%, 95%-100%, 80%-90%, 85%-95%, 100%-120%, 100%-115%, 100%-110%, 100%-105%, 105%-115%, 105%-120%, values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.). In some embodiments, the mixture further comprises at least one accelerator, wherein the at least one accelerator comprises magnesium sulfate in the form of MgSO4·7H2O, wherein the weight ratio of MgSO4·7H2O to magnesium oxide is 90% to 140% by weight of the mixture (e.g., 90%-140%, 90%-130%, 90%-120%, 90%-110%, 95%-105%, 98%-102%, 80%-100%, 85%-100%, 90%-100%, 95%-100%, 80%-90%, 85%-95%, 100%-120%, 100%-115%, 100%-110%, 100%-105%, 105%-115%, 105%-120%, 105-130%, 105-140%, values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.). In some embodiments, the mixture does not contain Portland cement. In some embodiments, the mixture does not contain Portland cement or plaster. In some embodiments, the mixture has a 7-day strength of at least 3000 psi (e.g., 3000, 3100, 3200, 3300, 3400, 3500, 3600, 3700, 3800, 3900, 4000, 4500, 5000, 5500 psi, greater than 5500 psi, etc.) after being combined with water and allowed to cure, and a 1-day strength of at least 1000 psi (e.g., 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500 psi, greater than 4500 psi, etc.) after being combined with water and allowed to cure. According to some embodiments, a curable mixture configured to solidify in the presence of water comprises magnesium oxide and a major cementitious component (e.g., slag cement, Class C fly ash), wherein the weight ratio of slag to magnesium oxide is 80% to 120% by weight of the mixture (e.g., 80%-120%, 90%-110%, 95%-105%, 98%-102%, 80%-100%, 85%-100%, 90%-100%, 95%-100%, 80%-90%, 85%-95%, 100%-120%, 100%-115%, 100%-110%, 100%-105%, 105%-115%, 105%-120%, values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.). The mixture further comprises at least one accelerator, wherein the at least one accelerator comprises (i) magnesium chloride in the form of MgCl2·6H2O or magnesium nitrate in the form of Mg(NO3)2·6H2O, and (ii) magnesium sulfate in the form of MgSO4·7H2O. The weight ratio of MgCl2·6H2O or Mg(NO3)2·6H2O to magnesium oxide is 2% to 12% (e.g., values ​​within the ranges of 2%-12%, 2%-10%, 2%-8%, 2%-6%, 2%-5%, 2%-4%, 2%-3%, 3%-12%, 3%-10%, 3%-8%, 3%-6%, 3%-5%, 3%-4%, 4%-12%, 4%-10%, 4%-8%, 4%-6%, 4%-5%, 5%-12%, 5%-10%, 5%-8%, 5%-6%, 6%-12%, 6%-10%, 6%-8%, 8%-12%, 8%-10%, 10%-12%, etc.) based on the weight of the mixture, and the weight ratio of MgSO4·7H2O to magnesium oxide is 15% to 35% based on the weight of the mixture. (For example, values ​​within the ranges of 15%-35%, 15%-30%, 15-25%, 15%-20%, 20%-35%, 20%-30%, 20%-25%, 25%-35%, 25%-30%, 30%-35%, etc.). In some embodiments, the final cured product produced by combining the mixture with water is suitable for long-term contact with reinforcing bars, mesh, steel, and other easily corroded materials.In some embodiments, the mixture has a 7-day strength of at least 3000 psi after being combined with water and allowed to cure (e.g., 3000, 3100, 3200, 3300, 3400, 3500, 3600, 3700, 3800, 3900, 4000, 4500, 5000, 5500 psi, greater than 5500 psi, etc.) after being combined with water and allowed to cure, and a 1-day strength of at least 1000 psi (e.g., 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500 psi, greater than 4500 psi, etc.). According to some embodiments, a curable mixture configured to solidify in the presence of water comprises magnesium oxide and slag, wherein, by weight of the mixture, the weight ratio of the main cementitious component (e.g., slag cement, Class C fly ash) is 80% to 120% of the magnesium oxide (e.g., 80%-120%, 90%-110%, 95%-105%, 98%-102%, 80%-100%, 85%-100%, 90%-100%, 95%-100%, 80%-90%, 85%-95%, 100%-120%, 100%-115%, 100%-110%, 100%-105%, 105%-115%, 105%-120%, values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.). The mixture further comprises at least one accelerator, wherein the at least one accelerator comprises (i) magnesium chloride in the form of MgCl2·6H2O or magnesium nitrate in the form of Mg(NO3)2·6H2O, and (ii) magnesium sulfate in the form of MgSO4·7H2O. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of MgCl2·6H2O or Mg(NO3)2·6H2O to magnesium oxide is 2% to 30% by weight of the mixture (e.g., 2%-12%, 2%-10%, 2%-8%, 2%-6%, 2%-5%, 2%-4%, 2%-3%, 3%-12%, 3%-10%, 3%-8%, 3%-6%, 3%-5%, 3%-4%, 5%-12%, 5%-10%, 6%-10%, 6%-8%, values ​​within the foregoing range, etc.), and the weight ratio of MgSO4·7H2O to magnesium oxide is 15% to 50% by weight of the mixture. (For example, 15%-50%, 15%-45%, 15-40%, 15%-35%, 20%-50%, 20%-45%, 20%-40%, 20%-35%, 25%-50%, 25%-45%, 25%-40%, 25%-35%, 25%-30%, 30%-35%, and values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.). In some embodiments, the mixture has a 7-day strength of at least 3000 psi after being combined with water and allowed to cure (e.g., 3000, 3100, 3200, 3300, 3400, 3500, 3600, 3700, 3800, 3900, 4000, 4500, 5000, 5500 psi, greater than 5500 psi, etc.) after being combined with water and allowed to cure, and a 1-day strength of at least 1000 psi (e.g., 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500 psi, greater than 4500 psi, etc.).In some embodiments, the mixture further comprises at least one additional accelerator, wherein the at least one additional accelerator comprises sodium hexametaphosphate. In some embodiments, the proportion of sodium hexametaphosphate, by weight of the mixture, is 0.1% to 5% of the proportion of magnesium oxide (e.g., 0.1%-5%, 0.5%-5%, 1-5%, 1.5%-5%, 2%-5%, 2%-4.5%, 2%-4%, 2%-3.5%, 2.5%-5%, 2.5-4.5%, 2.5%-4%, 2.5%-3.5%, 2.5%-3%, 3%-3.5%, 3%-5%, 4%-5%, values ​​within the foregoing range, etc.). According to some embodiments, the 7-day strength of the mixture after being combined with water and allowed to cure is at least 3000, 3100, 3200, 3300, 3400, 3500, 4000, 4500, 5000 psi, values ​​between the foregoing, or greater than 5000 psi. According to some embodiments, the 1-day strength of the mixture after being combined with water and allowed to cure is at least 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000 psi, values ​​between the foregoing, or greater than 4000 psi. According to some embodiments, the mixture further comprises at least one filler material or other additive selected from: pumice or other volcanic rock or material, sand, granules (e.g., fine granules, coarse granules, medium granules, other types of granules, etc.), talc, other clay materials, fibers (e.g., steel and / or other metal fibers, polypropylene and / or other polymer fibers, glass fibers, asbestos fibers, carbon fibers, organic fibers, etc.), glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), other reinforced polymers, mixtures or additives that promote the fire resistance, water resistance, corrosion resistance / inhibition, processability and / or one or more other properties of the final cured product (e.g., MasterPel, RheoCell, MasterCell, etc.), sodium naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde (SNF) and / or other surfactants, plasticizers, pigments, dyes and other colorants, titanium dioxide, other minerals, other natural or synthetic materials, other filler materials and / or the like. According to some embodiments, a curable mixture configured to solidify in the presence of water comprises magnesium oxide and a primary cementitious component (e.g., slag cement, fly ash), wherein the weight percentage of the primary cementitious component (e.g., slag cement, Class C fly ash) is 80% to 120% of the weight percentage of magnesium oxide, wherein the total weight percentage of magnesium oxide and the primary cementitious component (e.g., slag cement) is at least 35%, wherein the mixture does not include Portland cement or gypsum, and wherein the total weight percentage of magnesium oxide and the primary cementitious component (e.g., slag cement, Class C fly ash) is 40% to 70%. The curable mixture further comprises at least one accelerator, wherein the at least one accelerator comprises at least one of: magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate, and magnesium sulfate, wherein the weight percentage of the at least one accelerator is 5% to 45% of the weight percentage of magnesium oxide. The final cured product produced by combining the mixture with water is suitable for long-term contact with reinforcing bars, mesh, steel, and other corrosive materials. According to some embodiments, the pH of any of the mixtures disclosed herein, when combined with water, is between 8 and 11 (e.g., 8-11, 8-10, 8-9, 9-11, 9-10, 8.5, 9.5, 8-9.5, 8.5-11, 8.5-10, and ranges between the foregoing values). According to some embodiments, the pH of any of the mixtures disclosed herein, when combined with water, is greater than 10 (e.g., 10-11, 11-12, 12-13, 10, 11, 12, 13, greater than 13, and pH values ​​between the foregoing values ​​and ranges). According to some embodiments, none of the mixtures disclosed herein contain SHMP or any other phosphates. According to some embodiments, the curable paste produced by combining any of the mixtures disclosed herein with water has a density equal to or substantially equal to that of the Portland cement paste. In some embodiments, the density of the curable paste is 80% to 120% of the density of the Portland cement paste. According to some embodiments, the curable paste produced by combining any of the mixtures disclosed herein with water has an exudation rate equal to or substantially equal to that of the Portland cement paste. In some embodiments, the exudation rate of the curable paste is 80% to 120% of that of the Portland cement paste. According to some embodiments, the curable paste produced by combining any of the mixtures disclosed herein with water has a Passon's ratio equal to or substantially equal to that of the Portland cement paste. In some embodiments, the Passon's ratio of the curable paste is 70% to 150% of the Passon's ratio of the Portland cement paste (e.g., 70%-150%, 70%-140%, 70%-130%, 70%-120%, 70%-110%, 70%-100%, 70%-90%, 70%-80%, 80%-150%, 80%-140%, 80%-130%, 80%-120%, 80%-110%, 80%-100%, 80%-90%, 90%-150%, 90%-140%, 90%-130%, 90%-120%, 90%-110%, 90%-100%). 100%-150%, 100%-140%, 100%-130%, 100%-120%, 100%-110%, 110%-150%, 110%-140%, 110%-130%, 110%-120%, 120%-150%, 120%-140%, 120%-130%, 130%-150%, 130%-140%, 140%-150%, 95%-105%, 85%-115%, 75%-125%, and percentages between the aforementioned ranges, etc. In some embodiments, the Passon's ratio of the curable paste produced by combining any of the mixtures disclosed herein with water is from 0.15 to 0.30 (e.g., 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.20, 0.21, 0.22, 0.23, 0.24, 0.25, 0.15-0.25, 0.15-0.20, 0.25-0.30, 0.20-0.25, 0.20-0.27, 0.20-0.30, and values ​​between the foregoing values ​​and ranges). According to some embodiments, the curable paste produced by combining any of the mixtures disclosed herein with water has an elastic modulus that is equal to or substantially equal to that of Portland cement paste.In some embodiments, the elastic modulus of the curable paste is 50% to 200% of that of the Portland cement paste. (For example, 50-200, 50-190, 50-180, 50-170, 50-160, 50-150, 50-140, 50-130, 50-120, 50-110, 50-100, 50-90, 50-80, 50-70, 50-60, 60-200, 60-190, 60-180, 60-170, 60-160, 60-150, 60-140, 60-130, 60-120, 60-110, 60-100, 60-90, 60-80, 60-70, 70-200, 70-190, 70-180, 70-170, 70-160) 70-150, 70-140, 70-130, 70-120, 70-110, 70-100, 70-90, 70-80, 80-200, 80-190, 80-180, 80-170, 80-160, 80-150, 80-140, 80-130, 80-120, 80-110, 80-100, 80-90, 90-200, 90-190, 90-180, 90-170, 90-160, 90-150, 90-140, 90-130, 90-120, 90-110, 90-100, 100-200, 100-190, 100 -180, 100-170, 100-160, 100-150, 100-140, 100-130, 100-120, 100-110, 110-200, 110-190, 110-180, 110-170, 110-160, 110-150, 110-140, 110-130, 110-120, 120-200, 120-190, 120-180, 120-170, 120-160, 120-150, 120-140, 120-130, 130-200, 130-190, 130-180, 130-170, 130-1 60, 130-150, 130-140, 140-200, 140-190, 140-180, 140-170, 140-160, 140-150, 150-200, 150-190, 150-180, 150-170, 150-160, 160-200, 160-190, 160-180, 160-170, 170-200, 170-190, 170-180, 180-200, 180-190, 190-200, 95-105, 85-115, 75-125, 65-135, 55-145, and values ​​between the aforementioned ranges, etc.In some embodiments, the elastic modulus of the curable paste produced by combining any of the mixtures disclosed herein with water is 3 (10⁶) to 5 (10⁶) (e.g., 3 (10⁶)-5 (10⁶), 3.0 (10⁶)-3.5 (10⁶), 3.5 (10⁶)-4.0 (10⁶), 4.0 (10⁶)-4.5 (10⁶), 4.5 (10⁶)-5.0 (10⁶), 3 (10⁶)-4 (10⁶), 3.0 (10⁶)-4.5 (10⁶), 3.5 (10⁶)-5.0 (10⁶), 3.5 (10⁶)-4.5 (10⁶), 3.0 (10⁶), 3.1 (10⁶)-5 ...)-4.5 (10⁶)-3.0 (10⁶)-5.1 (10⁶)-5 (10⁶)-5 (10⁶)-5 (10⁶)-3.1 (10⁶)-5 (10⁶)-5 (10⁶)-5 (10⁶)-3.1 (10⁶)-5 (10⁶)-5 (10⁶)-5 (10⁶)-3.1 (1 6), 3.2(106), 3.3(106), 3.4(106), 3.5(106), 3.6(106), 3.7(106), 3.8(106), 3.9(106), 4.0(106), 4.1(106), 4.2(106), 4.3(106), 4.4(106), 4.5(106), 4.6(106), 4.7(106), 4.8(106), 4.9(106), 5.0(106) psi, values ​​between the aforementioned values ​​and ranges, etc.) psi. According to some embodiments, the curable mixture or formulation comprises two or more materials, wherein the two or more materials comprise at least one waste glass component and at least one post-consumer material. According to some embodiments, the mixture does not produce gypsum as an initial component; however, when combined with water, the mixture produces at least measurable gypsum. According to some embodiments, the mixture is prepared to combine with water to produce a curable paste, wherein the amount of water used to produce the curable paste is 75% to 125% based on the mass of MgO in the mixture. According to some embodiments, a curable mixture configured to solidify in the presence of water comprises magnesium oxide and at least one accelerator, wherein the at least one accelerator comprises magnesium chloride or magnesium nitrate. In some embodiments, magnesium chloride is in the form of MgCl2·6H2O. In some embodiments, magnesium nitrate is in the form of Mg(NO3)2·6H2O. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of MgCl2·6H2O or Mg(NO3)2·6H2O to magnesium oxide is 80% to 120% by weight of the mixture (e.g., 80%-120%, 90%-110%, 95%-105%, 98%-102%, 80%-100%, 85%-100%, 90%-100%, 95%-100%, 80%-90%, 85%-95%, 100%-120%, 100%-115%, 100%-110%, 100%-105%, 105%-115%, 105%-120%, values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.). In some embodiments, the mixture does not contain Portland cement. In some embodiments, the mixture does not contain Portland cement or gypsum. In some embodiments, the 7-day strength of the mixture after being combined with water and allowed to cure is at least 6000, 6500, 7000, 7500, 8000, 8500, 9000 psi, or a value between the foregoing, or greater than 9000 psi. In some embodiments, the 1-day strength of the mixture after being combined with water and allowed to cure is at least 4000, 4500, 5000, 5500, 6000, 6500, 7000 psi, or a value between the foregoing, or greater than 7000 psi. According to some embodiments, the mixture further comprises at least one filler material or other additive, wherein the proportion of the at least one filler material or other additive, based on the weight of the mixture, is 400% to 550% of the proportion of magnesium oxide (e.g., 400%-550%, 400%-450%, 400%-500%, 450%-550%, 450%-550%, 500%-550%, 400%-550%, values ​​within the aforementioned ranges, etc.). In some embodiments, the mixture further comprises at least one additional accelerator.

Implementation Method

Claims

1. A curable mixture formulated to solidify in the presence of water, the mixture comprising: (a) magnesium oxide; (b) a primary cementitious component, wherein the primary cementitious component comprises one or both of slag cement and Class C fly ash; and (c) at least one accelerator, wherein the at least one accelerator comprises at least one of: magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate, and magnesium sulfate; wherein, by weight of the mixture, the primary cementitious component constitutes 90% to 110% of the proportion of magnesium oxide; wherein the sum of the proportions of magnesium oxide and the primary cementitious component constitutes 15% to 50% of the weight of the mixture; wherein the mixture does not contain Portland cement or gypsum; wherein the 7-day strength of the mixture after being combined with water and allowed to solidify is at least 2000 psi; wherein the 1-day strength of the mixture after being combined with water and allowed to solidify is at least 1000 psi; wherein the pH of the curable mixture and / or the resulting paste and the cured product is 8 to 11. Wherein, when the at least one accelerator contains magnesium sulfate, (i) the weight ratio of magnesium sulfate to magnesium oxide is 50% or less than 50% of the weight ratio of magnesium oxide, based on the weight of the mixture; or (ii) the weight ratio of magnesium sulfate to magnesium oxide is 80% to 140% of the weight ratio of magnesium sulfate, based on the weight of the mixture; and wherein, when the at least one accelerator contains magnesium chloride in the form of MgCl2·6H2O or magnesium nitrate in the form of Mg(NO3)2·6H2O, the weight ratio of MgCl2·6H2O or Mg(NO3)2·6H2O to magnesium oxide is 1% to 30% of the weight ratio of magnesium oxide, based on the weight of the mixture.

2. The curable mixture of claim 1, wherein the main cementitious component comprises slag cement.

3. The curable mixture as requested in item 1, wherein the main cementitious component comprises Class C fly ash.

4. The curable mixture of claim 1, wherein the at least one accelerator does not contain a phosphate-based accelerator.

5. The curable mixture of claim 1, further comprising at least one filler material or other additive, wherein the proportion of the at least one filler material or other additive is 400% to 550% of the proportion of magnesium oxide by weight of the mixture.

6. The curable mixture of claim 1, wherein the curable paste produced by combining the mixture with water has a density equal to or greater than that of Portland cement paste.

7. The curable mixture of claim 6, wherein the density of the curable paste is 0% to 10% greater than the density of the Portland cement paste.

8. The curable mixture of claim 1, wherein the curable paste produced by combining the mixture with water has an exudate rate equal to or less than that of Portland cement paste.

9. The curable mixture of claim 8, wherein the exudation rate of the curable paste is 0% to 10% less than that of the Portland cement paste.

10. The curable mixture of claim 1, wherein the final cured product produced by combining the mixture with water is suitable for contact with reinforcing bars, mesh, steel and other corrosive materials.

11. The curable mixture of claim 1, wherein the mixture further comprises at least one material selected from: pumice, volcanic rock, sand, granules, talc, clay materials, pigments, dyes and titanium dioxide.

12. The curable mixture of claim 1, wherein the at least one accelerator comprises magnesium sulfate in the form of MgSO4·7H2O, wherein the weight ratio of MgSO4·7H2O to magnesium oxide is 15% to 50% by weight of the mixture.

13. The curable mixture of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the at least one accelerator to magnesium oxide is 15% to 50% by weight of the mixture.

14. The curable mixture of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the at least one accelerator to magnesium oxide is 70% to 120% by weight of the mixture.

15. The curable mixture of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the at least one accelerator to magnesium oxide is 80% to 145% by weight of the mixture.

16. The curable mixture of claim 1, wherein the pH of the final cured product produced by combining the mixture with water is greater than 8.

17. The curable mixture of claim 1, further comprising at least one second accelerator, wherein the at least one second accelerator is different from the at least one accelerator, wherein the weight ratio of the at least one second accelerator is equal to or less than 2% of the ratio of magnesium oxide based on the weight of the mixture.

18. The curable mixture of claim 1, wherein the at least one accelerator comprises magnesium sulfate in the form of MgSO4·7H2O, wherein the weight ratio of MgSO4·7H2O to magnesium oxide is 90% to 140% by weight of the mixture.

19. The curable mixture of claim 1, wherein the at least one accelerator comprises at least one of the following: magnesium chloride and magnesium nitrate.

20. The curable mixture of claim 1, wherein the at least one accelerator comprises magnesium sulfate, wherein the weight ratio of magnesium sulfate to magnesium oxide is 50% or less than 50% of the weight ratio of magnesium oxide based on the weight of the mixture.

21. The curable mixture of claim 1, wherein the at least one accelerator comprises magnesium chloride or magnesium nitrate.

22. The curable mixture as claimed in claim 1, wherein: (i) When the at least one accelerator contains magnesium sulfate, wherein the weight ratio of magnesium sulfate to magnesium oxide is less than or equal to 50% by weight of the mixture; and (ii) the at least one accelerator contains magnesium chloride or magnesium nitrate.

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