Fungicidal use

Abstract

This invention provides a method for treating a designated crop (A) or its location against fungal pathogen (I) infection, comprising applying an amount of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or location to treat the crop or location against fungal pathogen infection. This invention also provides a crop-safe method and composition for treating fungal pathogen infection of crop (A).

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Field of Invention

[0002] This application cites several published cases. The disclosures of the documents and published cases mentioned herein are hereby incorporated in their entirety into this application.

[0003] The present invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for preventing and controlling diseases caused by disclosed fungal pathogens in disclosed crop plants; and a method of use. [Previous Technology]

[0004] Background of the Invention

[0005] Fungicides are compounds of natural or synthetic origin used to protect plants from fungal damage. Although the use of fungicides is beneficial to agriculture, such as protecting crops and improving productivity, there is a need to reduce the amount of fungicides used in fields due to the potential health risks associated with the intensive use of agricultural chemicals.

[0006] The inventors have noted previously reported failed attempts to use other fungicides on the disclosed crops and diseases, wherein the term failure includes situations in which it is difficult to achieve sufficient control or treatment, and situations in which, although the fungal disease has been resolved, the treatment causes unacceptable damage to the crop plants or the environmental impact is found to be unacceptable.

[0007] Another important issue related to the control of fungal diseases is the increasing resistance developed by fungi. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate novel treatments that can control the exposed fungi in the affected crops and their habitats, increase yields, and retain a large amount of nutrients in the crops. [Summary of the Invention]

[0008] Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention provides the use of phthalimide fungicides for combating diseases caused by fungal pathogens (I) to crops (A).

[0010] Fungal pathogens (I) are selected from the following groups: Cercospora beticola, Cercospora sojina, Cercospora kikuchii, Ramularia beticola, Venturia oleagina, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Colletotrichum sp.*Colletotrichum truncatum*, *Pseudocercospora musae*, *Mycosphaerella fijiensis*, *Cercospora zeae-maydis*, *Setosphaeria turcica*, *Cochliobolus heterostrophus*, *Cochliobolus carbonum*, *Ustilago maydis*, *Phialophora gregata*, *Gibberella zeae*, *Ustilago scitaminea*, *Helminthosporium sacchari*, *Puccinia sorghi*, and *Hemileia*. Vastatrix, Gibberella xylarioides, Septoria glycines, Phakopsora gossypii, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phlyctema vagabunda, Puccinia schedonnardi, Puccinia cacabata, Corynespora cassiicola, Ascochyta gossypiicola, Glomerella gossypii, Rhizoctonia solani, Pyricularia oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Ascochyta rabiei, Ascochyta pea pods pisi), Ascochyta fabae, Cercospora zonata, Uromyces vicia-fabae, Peronospora viciae, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium sp.*Fusarium virguliforme*, *Sclerotinia* sp., *Sclerotinia sclerotiorum*, *Phytophthora* sp., *Venturia inaequalis*, *Fiji coccidioidomyces*, and any combination thereof.

[0011] Crop (A) is selected from the group consisting of: sugar beet, olive, apple, citrus, cherry, banana, mango, papaya, dragon fruit, avocado, pitaya, guava, longan, lychee, durian, passion fruit, rambutan, mangosteen, cocoa, red pepper, onion, corn, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, cotton, rice, legumes, chickpea, pea, broad bean, fava bean, rapeseed (OSR), soybean, and any combination thereof.

[0012] The present invention provides a method for treating a crop or site to resist infection by a fungal pathogen, comprising applying an amount of phthalimide fungicide to combat disease caused by a fungal pathogen to the crop, wherein the crop is a crop (A) as defined herein and the fungal pathogen is a fungal pathogen (I) as defined herein.

[0013] This invention provides the use of phthalimide fungicides for combating diseases caused by fungal pathogens to crops, wherein the diseases are selected from the group consisting of: Cercospora leaf spot, beet leaf spot, Cynosporula leaf spot, olive pea pea spot, olive anthracnose, olive leprosy or leaf and bud lesions of olive, apple black spot, banana yellow spot, banana black spot, banana black leaf streak, cotton rust, chickpea wilt, pea wilt, broad bean wilt, pea, lentil or broad bean wilt, downy mildew of leguminous plants, pea, etc., sclerotinia rot or white mold of rapeseed, Asian soybean rust, cotton rust, sudden death syndrome, frog eye leaf spot, apple black spot, white mold, brown stem rot, soybean brown spot, soybean purple spot, soybean anthracnose, soybean target spot disease, and any combination thereof.

[0014] This invention provides a method for treating a crop (A) or a location to resist infection by a fungal pathogen (I), comprising applying a quantity of an orthophthalimide fungicide to the crop or location to thereby treat the crop or location to resist infection by the fungal pathogen, wherein the crop (A) is selected from the group consisting of: beets, olives, apples, citrus fruits, cherries, bananas, mangoes, papayas, dragon fruit, avocados, pitayas, guavas, longans, lychees, durians, passion fruit, rambutans, mangosteens, cocoa, red peppers, onions, corn, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, cotton, rice, legumes, chickpeas, peas, broad beans, broad beans, rapeseed (OSR), soybeans, and any combination thereof, and the fungal pathogen (I) is selected from the group consisting of: *Cercospora beetans*, *Gnaphalium affine*, *Cercospora kikuchii*, *Cercospora beetans*, *Gnaphalium affine*, *Gnaphalium oleiferum*, and others. *Colletotrichum anthracis*, *Colletotrichum* spp., *Colletotrichum flatiformis*, *Pseudocereus fasciatus*, *Colletotrichum fijiensis*, *Cereus maize*, *Maize large leaf spot fungus*, *Heterospira spp.*, *Carya spp.*, *Maize smut fungus*, *Soybean stem brown rot fungus*, *Fusarium graminearum*, *Sugarcane smut fungus*, *Sugarcane eye spot fungus*, *Maize stalk rust fungus*, *Camponotus coffee* rust fungus, *Fusarium graminearum*, *Syndrome spp.*, *Cotton layer rust fungus*, *Potamogeton bean layer rust fungus*, *Apple fruit* The following fungi are included: *Russula ovata*, *Russula stalkae*, *Russula stalkae*, *Cladosporium ferruginum*, *Dioscorea opposita*, *Rhizoctonia solani*, *Pyrhodochrosa*, *Cyclosporium mirifica*, *Dioscorea micrantha*, *Dioscorea micrantha*, *Dioscorea micrantha*, *Cercospora spp.*, *Dioscorea micrantha ... and any combination thereof.

[0015] The present invention provides a method for treating crops to resist fungal pathogen diseases without causing significant and / or measurable phytotoxic damage to the crops, comprising applying an amount of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or its location, wherein the crop is a crop (A) as defined herein and the fungal pathogen is a fungal pathogen (I) as defined herein.

[0016] This invention also provides the use of a solid particulate phthalimide fungicide for combating diseases of crops caused by fungal pathogens, wherein the diseases are selected from the group consisting of: Cercospora leaf spot, beet leaf spot, Cynosporula leaf spot, olive pea pea spot, olive anthracnose, olive leprosy or leaf and bud lesions of olive, apple black spot, banana yellow spot, banana black spot, banana black leaf streak, cotton rust, chickpea wilt, pea wilt, broad bean wilt, pea, lentil or broad bean wilt, downy mildew of leguminous plants, peas, etc., sclerotinia rot or white mold of rapeseed, Asian soybean rust, cotton rust, sudden death syndrome, frog eye leaf spot, apple black spot, white mold, brown stem rot, soybean brown spot, soybean purple spot, soybean anthracnose, soybean target spot disease, and any combination thereof.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for treating crops or sites to resist fungal pathogen diseases, comprising applying a quantity of a solid particulate phthalimide fungicide to the crops or sites, wherein the disease is selected from the group consisting of: Cercospora leaf spot, beet leaf spot, Cynosporium leaf spot, olive pea pea spot, olive anthracnose, olive leprosy or leaf and bud lesions of olive, apple black spot, banana yellow spot, banana black spot, banana black leaf streak, cotton rust, chickpea wilt, pea wilt, broad bean wilt, pea lentil or broad bean wilt, downy mildew of leguminous plants, peas, etc., rapeseed sclerotinia rot or white mold, Asian soybean rust, cotton rust, sudden death syndrome, frog eye leaf spot, apple black spot, white mold, brown stem rot, soybean brown spot, soybean purple spot, soybean anthracnose, soybean target disease, and any combination thereof.

[0018] In some embodiments, the solid particulate phthalimide fungicide is suspended in an aqueous carrier. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is folpet, captan, or a combination of both.

[0019] The present invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for combating diseases of crops caused by fungal pathogens, wherein the crop is a crop (A) as defined herein and the fungal pathogen is a fungal pathogen (I) as defined herein.

Implementation Method

[0021] Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments

[0022] Before describing the subject matter of the invention in detail, it may be helpful to provide definitions of certain terms used herein. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the subject matter of the invention pertains.

[0023] It should be further understood that terms (such as those defined in common dictionaries) should be interpreted in accordance with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the content of this disclosure, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly defined herein.

[0024] Throughout this application, the description of various embodiments uses the term "comprising"; however, those skilled in the art will understand that in certain specific cases, the language "substantially consisting of" or "consisting of" may be used to describe an embodiment.

[0025] Unless otherwise specified, as used herein, the term "a / an" includes both the singular and the plural. Therefore, the terms "a / an" or "at least one" are used interchangeably in this application.

[0026] As used herein, the term "about" includes the value and means within an acceptable deviation of a particular value, as determined by someone skilled in the art considering the measured value in question and the error associated with a particular number of measured values ​​(i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, "about" may mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±30%, 20%, 10%, or 5% of the value. In this regard, the term "about" as used herein specifically includes ±10% of a specified value within a range. Furthermore, endpoints of all ranges for the same component or characteristic herein include endpoints that can be independently combined, and include all intermediate points and ranges.

[0027] As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any of the relevant listed items and all combinations thereof. Statements following the list of components (such as "at least one of...") modify the entire list of components, not individual components within the list.

[0028] As used herein, the term "crop (A)" means beet, olive, apple, citrus, cherry, banana, mango, papaya, dragon fruit, avocado, pitaya, guava, longan, lychee, durian, passion fruit, rambutan, mangosteen, cocoa, red pepper, onion, corn, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, cotton, rice, legumes, chickpeas, peas, broad beans, broad beans, rapeseed (OSR), soybean, or any combination thereof. Preferred crop (A) is described below.

[0029] As used herein, the term "fungal pathogen (I)" refers to *Cercospora betaecarpa*, *Cercospora kikuchi*, *Cercospora betaecarpa*, *Septoria oleifera*, *Colletotrichum anthracis*, *Colletotrichum anthracis*, *Colletotrichum spp.*, *Colletotrichum flatiformis*, *Cercospora faciens*, *Cercospora feijiensis*, *Cercospora maize ... Rust fungi, *Fusarium graminearum*, *Syngonium spp.*, *Syngonium spp.*, *Syngonium spp.*, *Syngonium spp.*, *Syngonium spp.*, *Syngonium spp.*, *Clostridium spp.*, *Diosporium spp.*, *Diosporium spp.*, *Rhizoctonia solani*, *Pyrrosia spp.*, *Spirulina spp.*, *Diosporium spp.*, *Diosporium spp.*, *Diosporium spp.*, *Diosporium spp.*, *Cercospora spp.*, *Syngonium spp.*, *Syngonium spp.*, *Syngonium spp.*, *Syngonium spp.*, *Syngonium spp.*, *Phytophthora spp.*, *Syngonium ...

[0030] As used herein, the term "treating crops or sites against fungal pathogen infection" includes (but is not limited to) protecting crops or sites against fungal invasion, preventing crops or sites from being infected by fungi, preventing fungal diseases infecting crops or sites, and reducing fungal infections in crops or sites.

[0031] As used herein, the term “treatment of crops or soil against fungal pathogen infection” includes (but is not limited to) protecting crops or soil against fungal invasion, preventing crops or soil from being infected by fungi, preventing fungal diseases infecting crops or soil, and reducing fungal infections of crops or soil.

[0032] As used herein, the terms "control / controlling" or "treating" refer to (but are not limited to) preventing fungal diseases, protecting crops from fungal diseases, delaying the occurrence of fungal diseases, and combating or eradicating fungal diseases. It may also include the curative and / or eradicative effects of compounds and components on developing fungal diseases. Controlling fungal diseases infecting crops, crop propagation material, or the crop site; controlling crop or soil diseases caused by plant pathogenic fungi (pathogens); and controlling fungal invasion of crops, crop propagation material, or the crop site refer to curative and / or protective / preventive and / or persistent applications.

[0033] As used herein, the meaning of the term "greening" is well understood in the art. This term is used to describe a variety of beneficial effects. Generally, positive effects include improvements in which leaves treated with phthalimides (e.g., formalin) are greener than leaves treated with different fungicides (e.g., Mancozeb) and untreated crops. This greening effect particularly achieves improved photosynthetic efficiency, which typically translates into better yield and generally better plant health, as well as other benefits within the well-understood term "greening," as further detailed in this disclosure. As mentioned in this disclosure, this effect is particularly noticeable in banana and apple crops treated by the methods of the present invention.

[0034] As used herein, the terms "apply" or "constitute" mean (but are not limited to) applying the compounds and compositions of the present invention to crops, sites of fungal infection, potential sites of fungal infection, or the environment surrounding fungal habitats or potential habitats where infection needs to be prevented. It also refers to the activity of the compounds and compositions on the crop and fungal tissues in contact with them. Application can be performed by methods described in the present invention, such as spraying, dipping, etc.

[0035] As used herein, the term "protective application" means the application of one or more fungicides to prevent fungal infection of a crop or site, wherein the fungicide combination, mixture, or composition is applied before infection / disease occurs, before any disease symptoms are shown, or when disease stress is low. Disease stress can be assessed based on conditions associated with disease development, such as spore concentration and certain environmental conditions.

[0036] As used herein, the terms "preventative treatment" or "preventative activity" mean the application of one or more insecticides to control pest infestation on a crop or in a given location, provided that such application is performed before infection or before the appearance of disease symptoms and / or when disease stress is low. Disease stress can be assessed based on conditions associated with disease development, such as spore concentration and certain environmental conditions. In some embodiments, the pest is a fungus.

[0037] As used herein, the terms "persistent treatment" or "persistent activity" refer to the application of one or more insecticides for long-term control of pest infestation in crops or the local area, applied before infection or before the appearance of fungal disease symptoms and / or when fungal disease stress is low. Fungal disease stress can be assessed based on conditions associated with fungal disease development, such as spore concentration and certain environmental conditions.

[0038] In detail, when the terms "persistent treatment" or "persistent activity" are used in conjunction with a fungicide, the term means the application of one or more fungicides during a prolonged inoculation period to control fungal infections in the crop or the local environment, provided that the application is performed before infection or before the appearance of disease symptoms and / or when disease stress is low. Disease stress can be assessed based on conditions associated with disease development, such as spore concentration and certain environmental conditions.

[0039] As used herein, the term "more effective" includes (but is not limited to) increased efficacy in preventing fungal diseases, extended duration of protection and reduced time required to achieve a specified level of fungal control, extended duration of protection against fungal invasion after application, extended period of protection against fungal invasion, and / or reduced time required to achieve a level of fungal control.

[0040] As used herein, the term "effective" when used in conjunction with any method of use may mean (but is not limited to) enhanced control of fungal diseases, enhanced prevention of fungal diseases, shortened duration of effective control of fungal diseases, reduced amount of fungicide required for effective control of fungal diseases, expanded control of fungicide with respect to crop and disease type, and extended duration of control.

[0041] In detail, the term "effective" may refer to increased efficacy in preventing and controlling fungal diseases, reduced time required to achieve a specified level of fungal prevention, extended protection against fungal invasion, and / or reduced time required to achieve a level of fungal prevention.

[0042] As used herein, the term "agriculturally acceptable carrier" means a carrier known and acceptable in the art for forming compositions for agricultural or horticultural use.

[0043] As used herein, the term "adjuvant" is broadly defined as any substance that is not itself an active ingredient but enhances or is intended to enhance the effectiveness of an insecticide used together. Adjuvants may be understood to include (but are not limited to) dispersants, penetrants, compatibilizers, and anti-drift agents.

[0044] As used herein, the term “agriculturally acceptable additive” is defined as any substance that is not an active ingredient but is added to the composition, such as thickeners, adhesives, surfactants, antioxidants, defoamers and thickeners.

[0045] As used herein, the term “crop” includes references to agricultural crops, including field crops (soybeans, millet, wheat, rice, etc.), vegetable crops (potatoes, cabbage, etc.), fruits (peaches, etc.), semi-perennial crops (sugarcane), and perennial crops (coffee and guava).

[0046] As used herein, the term "crop" includes reference to the whole crop, crop organs (e.g., leaves, stems, branches, roots, trunks, twigs, buds, fruits, etc.), crop cells, seedlings, or crop seeds. This term also covers harvested crops, such as fruits.

[0047] As used herein, the term “crop” means any and all physical parts of a crop, including (but not limited to) seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, clusters of leaves and fruits.

[0048] The term "crop" may also include its propagation material, which may include all reproductive parts of the crop, such as seeds; and vegetative crop material, such as cuttings and tubers, which can be used for the propagation of the crop. It may also include spores, bulbs, tubers, rhizomes, new shoots, basal branches, stolons, and buds and other parts of the crop, including seedlings and young crops that are transplanted after germination and rooting, or after emergence from soil or any other kind of substrate (whether artificial or natural).

[0049] As used herein, the term “propagation material” should be understood to mean all reproductive parts of a crop, such as seeds and spores; vegetative structures, such as bulbs, corms, tubers, rhizomes, root stems, basal branches, and stolons.

[0050] As used herein, the term "cultivated crop" includes crops that have been modified through breeding, mutagenesis, or genetic engineering. Genetically modified crops are those whose genetic material has been modified using recombinant DNA technology. Typically, one or more genes have been integrated into the genetic material of such crops to improve certain characteristics of the crop.

[0051] The term "crop health" encompasses various crop improvements unrelated to pest control. For example, beneficial characteristics that may be mentioned include improved crop traits such as: greening, emergence, crop yield, protein content, oil content, starch content, more developed root system (improved root growth), improved stress tolerance (e.g., drought resistance, heat resistance, salt resistance, UV resistance, water resistance, cold resistance), reduced ethylene production (reduced production and / or inhibited absorption), increased crop height, larger leaves, fewer dead basal leaves, stronger tillering, greener leaf color, pigment content, photosynthetic activity, less input required (such as fertilizer or water), less seed required, more productive tillering, earlier flowering, earlier grain maturity, fewer crop nodes (lodging), shorter stalks, increased stalk diameter, increased branch growth, enhanced crop vigor, increased crop plant density, and earlier and better germination; or any other advantages familiar to those skilled in the art. Some of the definitions of the above improvements overlap and are not, of course, considered mutually exclusive or exhaustive.

[0052] As used herein, the term "location" includes not only areas where fungal infection / disease may have been observed, but also areas where fungal infection / disease is to be observed and areas where cultivation takes place. Location includes (but is not limited to) soil and other crop growth media, and explicitly includes structures.

[0053] As used herein, the term “location” includes habitats, cultivation sites, crops, propagation materials, soils, regions, materials or environments in which fungal diseases grow or may grow.

[0054] As used herein, the term "ha" refers to a hectare.

[0055] As used herein, the term "leguminous plants" includes various annual leguminous crops produced from one to twelve grains or seeds of different sizes, shapes, and colors within pods. As defined by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the term "leguminous plants" is limited to crops harvested as dried grains. These include bambara beans, dried beans, broad beans, dried fava beans, chickpeas, dried cowpeas, lentils, lupins, dried peas, pigeon peas, leguminous plants (unless otherwise specified - minor leguminous plants not belonging to any other category), fava beans, and peas.

[0056] It should be understood that when referring to an element as being "on" another element, it may be in direct contact with the other element or there may be an intervening element between them. In contrast, when referring to an element as being "directly on" another element, there is no intervening element.

[0057] The phrases "no significant phytotoxicity" and "no measurable phytotoxicity" are alternative expressions indicating that the application of the method of the present invention has yielded no harmful crop safety research results. Phthalimide fungicide compositions used in such methods with this characteristic are sometimes referred to as crop-safe compositions because they avoid producing associated harmful and / or phytotoxic effects on crops when phthalimide fungicides are applied.

[0058] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments, such elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or segment from another element, component, region, layer, or segment. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of embodiments of the present invention, the first element, component, region, layer, or segment discussed below may be referred to as a second element, component, region, layer, or segment.

[0059] For the purposes of the following detailed description, unless there is an explicit statement to the contrary, it should be understood that the invention may take various alternative forms and sequences of steps. Method

[0060] This invention provides a method for treating a crop (A) or a location to resist infection by a fungal pathogen (I), comprising applying an amount of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or location to thereby treat the crop or location to resist infection by the fungal pathogen, wherein the crop (A) is selected from the group consisting of: beets, olives, apples, citrus fruits, cherries, bananas, mangoes, papayas, dragon fruit, avocados, pitayas, guavas, longans, lychees, durians, passion fruit, rambutans, mangosteens, cocoa, red peppers, onions, corn, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, cotton, rice, legumes, chickpeas, peas, broad beans, broad beans, rapeseed (OSR), soybeans, and any combination thereof, and the fungal pathogen (I) is selected from the group consisting of: *Cercospora beetans*, *Gnaphalium affine*, *Cercospora kikuchii*, *Cercospora beetans*, *Gnaphalium affine*, *Gnaphalium oleiferum*, and others. *Colletotrichum anthracis*, *Colletotrichum* spp., *Colletotrichum flatiformis*, *Pseudocereus basilosa*, *Colletotrichum fijiensis*, *Cereus maize*, *Maize large leaf spot fungus*, *Heterospira spp.*, *Carya spp.*, *Maize smut fungus*, *Soybean stem brown rot fungus*, *Fusarium graminearum*, *Sugarcane smut fungus*, *Sugarcane eye spot fungus*, *Maize stalk rust fungus*, *Camponotus coffee* rust fungus, *Fusarium graminearum*, *Syndrome spp.*, *Cotton layer rust fungus*, *Potamogeton layer rust fungus*, *Apple* Fruit rot fungi, rust fungi of *Lysimachia foetida*, rust fungi of *Cotton stalk*, *Cladosporium ferruginum*, *Dioscorea opposita*, *Rhizoctonia solani*, *Pyrhodochrosa*, *Spirulina micrantha*, *Dioscorea micrantha*, *Dioscorea chinensis*, *Dioscorea lappa*, *Cercospora argentea*, *Monosporium peais*, *Peronobacterium peais*, *Botrytis cinerea*, *Fusarium*, *Fusarium cladosporium*, *Sclerotium*, *Sclerotium sclerotium*, *Phytophthora*, *Acer macrantha*, *Acer fabricationii*, *Acer fabricationii*, and any combination thereof.

[0061] In some embodiments, crop seeds are present at the location.

[0062] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied to the crop or site in the form of solid particles. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied to the crop or site in the form of solid particles suspended in an aqueous carrier.

[0063] In some embodiments, the method is referred to as crop-safe; however, in other embodiments, it is appropriate to refer to the components used in the method as "crop-safe" without departing from the inventors' intent. In some embodiments, the method effectively treats crops or sites against fungal pathogen infection without causing any significant and / or measurable associated phytotoxic damage to the crops.

[0064] The present invention provides a method for treating a crop or site to resist infection by a fungal pathogen, comprising applying an amount of phthalimide fungicide to combat disease caused by a fungal pathogen to the crop, wherein the crop is a crop (A) as defined herein and the fungal pathogen is a fungal pathogen (I) as defined herein.

[0065] This invention provides the use of phthalimide fungicides for combating diseases caused by fungal pathogens on crops, and a method for treating crops or locations to resist fungal pathogen diseases, wherein the diseases are selected from the following group: Cercospora leaf spot, beet leaf spot, Cynosporium leaf spot, olive peacock spot, olive anthracnose, olive leprosy or leaf and bud lesions of olive, apple black spot, banana yellow spot, banana black spot, banana black leaf streak, cotton rust, and eagles. The methods include applying a specific amount of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or the crop site. The fungicides include: fusarium wilt of peas, fusarium wilt of broad beans, fusarium wilt of peas, downy mildew of leguminous plants, peas, etc., sclerotinia sclerotium or white mold of rapeseed, Asian soybean rust, cotton rust, sudden death syndrome, frog-eye leaf spot, apple black spot, white mold, brown stem rot, soybean brown spot, soybean purple spot, soybean anthracnose, soybean target spot disease, and any combination thereof.

[0066] This invention also provides the use of a solid particulate phthalimide fungicide for safely combating diseases caused by fungal pathogens to crops, and a method for treating crops or locations to resist fungal pathogen diseases, wherein the diseases are selected from the following group: Cercospora leaf spot, beet leaf spot, Cynosporium leaf spot, olive pea pea spot, olive anthracnose, olive leprosy or leaf and bud lesions of olive, apple black spot, banana yellow spot, banana black spot, banana black leaf streak, cotton rust, chickpea wilt, pea wilt, broad bean wilt. The methods involve applying a quantity of a solid particulate phthalimide fungicide to the crop or the crop site, but do not induce significant or measurable phytotoxicity damage to the crop and / or do not have adverse crop safety study results. In some embodiments, the solid particulate phthalimide fungicide is suspended in an aqueous carrier.

[0067] The present invention provides a method for treating crops or sites to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying an amount of phthalimide fungicide to the crops or sites to thereby treat the crops or sites to resist fungal infection.

[0068] The present invention provides a method for safely treating crops or sites to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of a solid particulate phthalimide fungicide to the crops or sites to treat the crops or sites to resist fungal infection, but without causing significant or measurable accompanying phytotoxic damage to the crops.

[0069] The present invention provides a method for treating sugar beet crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0070] The present invention provides a method for treating olive crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0071] The present invention provides a method for treating apple crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0072] The present invention provides a method for treating citrus crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0073] The present invention provides a method for treating cherry crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0074] The present invention provides a method for treating banana crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0075] The present invention provides a method for treating apple crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0076] In some embodiments, the method produces an unexpected greening effect, which has been observed in apple and banana crops, and therefore, the method of the present invention is particularly effective in increasing the number of leaves in banana and apple crops compared to untreated banana and apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection. In some embodiments, the method is effective in increasing the number of leaves in apple and banana crops compared to apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection and treated with fungicides other than phthalimide fungicides. In some embodiments, the method is effective in increasing the number of leaves in apple and banana crops compared to apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection and treated with fungicides other than forlap. In some embodiments, the method is effective in increasing the number of leaves in apple and banana crops compared to apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection and treated with other fungicides (e.g., standard treatments, such as zinc manganese nitrate).

[0077] In some embodiments, the method produces an unexpected greening effect, which has been observed in apple and banana crops, and therefore, the method of the present invention is particularly effective in improving the chlorophyll of apple or banana crops compared to those affected by fungal pathogen infection and not treated with fungicides. In some embodiments, the method is effective in improving the chlorophyll of apple or banana crops compared to those affected by fungal pathogen infection and treated with fungicides other than phthalimide fungicides. In some embodiments, the method is effective in improving the chlorophyll of apple or banana crops compared to those affected by fungal pathogen infection and treated with fungicides other than forlap. In some embodiments, the method is effective in improving the chlorophyll of apple or banana crops compared to those affected by fungal pathogen infection and treated with other fungicides (e.g., standard treatments, such as zinc manganese nitrate).

[0078] In some embodiments, the method is effective in improving the photosynthetic efficiency of apple and banana crops compared to apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have not been treated with fungicides. In some embodiments, the method is effective in improving the photosynthetic efficiency of apple and banana crops compared to apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with fungicides other than phthalimide fungicides. In some embodiments, the method is effective in improving the photosynthetic efficiency of apple or banana crops compared to apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with fungicides other than forlamine. In some embodiments, the method is effective in improving the photosynthetic efficiency of apple or banana crops compared to apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with other fungicides (e.g., standard treatments, such as zinc manganese naphthalene).

[0079] In some embodiments, the method is effective in improving the health of apple or banana crops compared to those affected by fungal pathogen infection that have not been treated with fungicides. In some embodiments, the method is effective in improving the health of apple or banana crops compared to those affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with fungicides other than phthalimide fungicides. In some embodiments, the method is effective in improving the health of apple or banana crops compared to those affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with fungicides other than formalin. In some embodiments, the method is effective in improving the health of apple or banana crops compared to those affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with other fungicides (e.g., standard treatments, such as zinc manganese nitrate).

[0080] In some embodiments, the method is effective in increasing the yield of apple or banana crops compared to apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have not been treated with fungicides. In some embodiments, the method is effective in increasing the yield of apple or banana crops compared to apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with fungicides other than phthalimide fungicides. In some embodiments, the method is effective in increasing the yield of apple or banana crops compared to apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with fungicides other than formalin. In some embodiments, the method is effective in increasing the yield of apple or banana crops compared to apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with other fungicides (e.g., standard treatments, such as zinc manganese nitrate).

[0081] This invention provides a method for increasing the number of leaves in apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to increase the number of leaves in the crop compared to apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have not been treated with a fungicide. This invention provides a method for increasing the number of leaves in apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to increase the number of leaves in the crop compared to apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with a fungicide other than phthalimide fungicide. This invention provides a method for increasing the number of leaves in apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to increase the number of leaves in the crop compared to apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with a fungicide other than formalin fungicide. The present invention provides a method for increasing the number of leaves in apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a amount of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to increase the number of leaves in the crop compared to apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with other fungicides (e.g., standard treatments, such as zinc manganese nitrate).

[0082] This invention provides a method for improving the chlorophyll content of apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a phthalimide fungicide to the crop to improve the chlorophyll content of the crop compared to apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have not been treated with a fungicide. This invention provides a method for improving the chlorophyll content of apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a phthalimide fungicide to the crop to improve the chlorophyll content of the crop compared to apple or banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with a fungicide other than phthalimide.

[0083] This invention provides a method for improving the chlorophyll content of banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to improve the chlorophyll content of the crop compared to banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with fungicides other than formalin. This invention provides a method for improving the chlorophyll content of banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to improve the chlorophyll content of the crop compared to banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with other fungicides (e.g., standard treatments, such as zinc manganese nitrate).

[0084] This invention provides a method for improving the photosynthetic efficiency of banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of the crop compared to banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have not been treated with fungicides. This invention provides a method for improving the photosynthetic efficiency of banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of the crop compared to banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with fungicides other than phthalimide fungicide. This invention provides a method for improving the photosynthetic efficiency of banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of the crop compared to banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with fungicides other than formalin fungicide. The present invention provides a method for improving the photosynthetic efficiency of banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying an amount of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of the crop compared with banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with other fungicides (e.g., standard treatments, such as zinc manganese nitrate).

[0085] This invention provides a method for improving the health of banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to improve the crop health compared to banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have not been treated with fungicides. This invention provides a method for improving the health of banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to improve the crop health compared to banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with fungicides other than phthalimide fungicide. This invention provides a method for improving the health of banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to improve the crop health compared to banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with fungicides other than formalin fungicide. The present invention provides a method for improving the health of banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying an amount of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to improve the health of the crop compared with banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with other fungicides (e.g., standard treatments, such as zinc manganese nitrate).

[0086] This invention provides a method for increasing the yield of banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to increase the crop yield compared to banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have not been treated with fungicides. This invention provides a method for increasing the yield of banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to increase the crop yield compared to banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with fungicides other than phthalimide fungicide. This invention provides a method for increasing the yield of banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to increase the crop yield compared to banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with fungicides other than formalin fungicide. This invention provides a method for increasing the yield of banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to increase the yield of the crop compared to banana crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have already been treated with other fungicides (e.g., standard treatments, such as zinc manganese nitrate). In some embodiments, the method comprises treating the banana crop with formalin.

[0087] This invention provides a method for improving the chlorophyll content of apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to improve the chlorophyll content of the crop compared to apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with fungicides other than forlap. This invention provides a method for improving the chlorophyll content of apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to improve the chlorophyll content of the crop compared to apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with other fungicides (e.g., standard treatments, such as zinc manganese nitrate).

[0088] This invention provides a method for improving the photosynthetic efficiency of apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of the crop compared to apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have not been treated with fungicides. This invention provides a method for improving the photosynthetic efficiency of apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of the crop compared to apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with fungicides other than phthalimide fungicide. This invention provides a method for improving the photosynthetic efficiency of apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of the crop compared to apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with fungicides other than forlamine fungicide. The present invention provides a method for improving the photosynthetic efficiency of apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying an amount of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of the crop compared with apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with other fungicides (e.g., standard treatments, such as zinc manganese nitrate).

[0089] This invention provides a method for improving the health of apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to improve the crop health compared to apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have not been treated with fungicides. This invention provides a method for improving the health of apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to improve the crop health compared to apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with fungicides other than phthalimide fungicide. This invention provides a method for improving the health of apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to improve the crop health compared to apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with fungicides other than forlamine fungicide. The present invention provides a method for improving the health of apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying an amount of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to improve the health of the crop compared with apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with other fungicides (e.g., standard treatments, such as zinc manganese nitrate).

[0090] This invention provides a method for increasing the yield of apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to increase the crop yield compared to apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have not been treated with fungicides. This invention provides a method for increasing the yield of apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to increase the crop yield compared to apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with fungicides other than phthalimide fungicide. This invention provides a method for increasing the yield of apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop to increase the crop yield compared to apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with fungicides other than forlamine fungicide. The present invention provides a method for increasing the yield of apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying an amount of phthalimide fungicide to the crop in order to increase the yield of the crop compared with apple crops affected by fungal pathogen infection that have been treated with other fungicides (e.g., standard treatments, such as zinc manganese nitrate).

[0091] In some embodiments, the method includes treating apple crops with forapple.

[0092] The present invention provides a method for treating mango crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0093] The present invention provides a method for treating papaya crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0094] The present invention provides a method for treating dragon fruit crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0095] The present invention provides a method for treating avocado crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0096] The present invention provides a method for treating dragon fruit crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0097] The present invention provides a method for treating guava crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0098] The present invention provides a method for treating longan crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0099] The present invention provides a method for treating litchi crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0100] The present invention provides a method for treating durian crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0101] The present invention provides a method for treating passion fruit crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying an amount of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0102] The present invention provides a method for treating rambutan crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0103] The present invention provides a method for treating mangosteen crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0104] The present invention provides a method for treating cocoa crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying an amount of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0105] The present invention provides a method for treating red pepper crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0106] The present invention provides a method for treating onion crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0107] The present invention provides a method for treating corn crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0108] The present invention provides a method for treating sugarcane crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0109] The present invention provides a method for treating sorghum crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying an amount of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0110] The present invention provides a method for treating coffee crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0111] The present invention provides a method for treating cotton crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0112] The present invention provides a method for treating rice crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0113] The present invention provides a method for treating legume crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0114] The present invention provides a method for treating chickpea crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0115] The present invention provides a method for treating pea crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0116] The present invention provides a method for treating broad bean crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0117] The present invention provides a method for treating broad bean crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0118] The present invention provides a method for treating rapeseed (OSR) crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0119] The present invention provides a method for treating soybean crops to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or site to treat the crop or site to resist fungal infection.

[0120] This invention provides a method for treating crops to resist fungal pathogen infection without causing significant phytotoxic damage to the crops, comprising applying a phthalimide fungicide in solid particle form to the crop or its location to treat the crop against fungal infection. In some embodiments, the crop is a crop as defined herein (A). In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is a fungal pathogen as defined herein (I). In some embodiments, the method is safe for the crop. In some embodiments, the method effectively treats the crop or its location against fungal pathogen infection without causing significant phytotoxic damage to the crop. In some embodiments, the method effectively treats the crop or its location against fungal pathogen infection without causing measurable phytotoxic damage to the crop. In some embodiments, the method effectively treats the crop or its location against fungal pathogen infection without causing associated phytotoxic damage to the crop. In some embodiments, the method effectively treats the crop or its location against fungal pathogen infection without causing phytotoxic damage to the crop.

[0121] This invention provides a method for safely treating crops or sites to resist fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying a quantity of a solid particulate phthalimide fungicide to the crops or sites to treat the crops or sites to resist fungal infection while avoiding significant or measurable accompanying phytotoxic damage to the crops. In some embodiments, the crop is a crop as defined herein (A). In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is a fungal pathogen as defined herein (I).

[0122] The solid particulate phthalimide fungicide is preferably applied in the form of a suspension of solid phthalimide fungicide particles in an aqueous carrier. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied to the crop or site in the form of solid particulates. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied to the crop or site in the form of solid particulates suspended in an aqueous carrier.

[0123] In some embodiments, the location is soil. In some embodiments, the soil is outdoor soil. In some embodiments, the soil is in a field. In some embodiments, the soil is inside a structure. In some embodiments, the soil is in a greenhouse. In some embodiments, the location is crop seeds.

[0124] In some embodiments, the method is safe for crops. In some embodiments, the method effectively treats crops or sites to protect against fungal pathogen infection without causing any significant and / or measurable associated phytotoxic damage to the crops.

[0125] In some embodiments, the fungal infection is caused by a fungal pathogen.

[0126] In some embodiments, treating crops or sites to resist fungal pathogen infection includes combating plant pathogenic diseases of the crops or sites. In some embodiments, treating crops or sites to resist fungal pathogen infection includes combating diseases caused by fungal pathogens to the crops or sites.

[0127] In some embodiments, treating crops or sites to resist fungal pathogen infection includes protecting crops or sites from fungal invasion.

[0128] In some embodiments, treating crops or sites to resist fungal pathogen infection includes preventing fungal infection of crops or sites.

[0129] In some embodiments, treating crops or sites to resist fungal pathogen infection includes preventing fungal pathogens that affect crops or sites.

[0130] In some embodiments, treating crops or sites to resist fungal pathogen infection includes preventing fungal diseases caused by fungal pathogens affecting crops or sites.

[0131] In some embodiments, treating crops or sites to resist fungal pathogen infection includes reducing fungal infection of crops or sites.

[0132] In some embodiments, treating crops or sites to resist fungal pathogen infection includes reducing fungal infection of crops or sites by applying a solid particulate form of a phthalimide fungicide selected from Forper, Geptan, and combinations thereof, while avoiding significant and / or measurable phytotoxic damage to the crops.

[0133] In some embodiments, treating crops or sites to resist fungal pathogen infection includes inhibiting the formation of mycelia by fungal pathogens in the crops or sites.

[0134] The present invention also provides a method for inhibiting the formation of mycelium by fungal pathogens, the method comprising applying a phthalimide fungicide to fungi in order to inhibit the formation of fungal mycelium.

[0135] The frequency and amount of application depend on the biology of the pathogen and the climatic environment. Alternatively, fungicides can reach the crop from the soil or water, via the root system (systemic action), by drenching the crop site with a liquid formulation (e.g., during rice growth) or by incorporating the substance into the soil in solid form (e.g., in granular form). For seed treatment (coating), fungicides can also be applied to the kernels by sequentially impregnating the roots or kernels with a liquid formulation containing the active ingredient or by coating them with a wet or dry formulation containing the combination. In addition, other types of application can be performed on the crop in certain cases, such as targeted treatment of the buds or fruit-bearing parts of the crop.

[0136] The amount of fungicide applied will depend on a variety of factors, such as the compound used, the target of treatment (crop, soil, seeds), the type of treatment (e.g., spraying, dusting, seed dressing), the purpose of treatment (prevention or treatment), the type of fungus being treated, and the time of application.

[0137] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at least once during the growing season. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied two or more times during the growing season. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied one to five times during the growing season. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied one to eight times during the growing season. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied one to fifteen times during the growing season. In some embodiments, the growing season is from post-harvest to flowering.

[0138] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied by soil application, foliar application, seed treatment, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied by soil application. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied by foliar application. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied by seed treatment. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied to the leaves of the crop. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied to the propagation material of the crop.

[0139] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied in the form of solid particles.

[0140] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied in the form of solid particles suspended in an aqueous carrier.

[0141] Phenylated imine fungicides can be diluted and applied in conventional ways, such as watering (drenching), drip irrigation, spraying and atomizing.

[0142] The application rate of the phthalimide fungicide according to the present invention will depend on the following factors: the specific type of fungus to be controlled, the required level of control, and the timing and method of application. The effective application rate of the phthalimide fungicide is generally undefinable because it varies depending on different conditions, such as the type of formulation, weather conditions, crop type, and pest type.

[0143] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate from 0.1 g of total active ingredient per hectare (g ai / ha) to 10,000 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate from about 10 g ai / ha to about 10,000 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate from about 50 g ai / ha to about 5,000 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate from about 50 g ai / ha to about 2,600 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate from about 100 g ai / ha to about 2,500 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate from about 50 g ai / ha to about 2000 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate from about 25 g ai / ha to about 2000 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate from about 100 g ai / ha to about 750 g ai / ha. In one embodiment, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate from about 60 g ai / ha to about 600 g ai / h. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate from about 100 g ai / ha to about 200 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate from about 100 g ai / ha to about 130 g ai / ha.

[0144] The application rate of phthalimide fungicides is typically 1 to 5000 g / ha, preferably 10 to 2500 g / ha, and specifically, 20 to 1000 g / ha. In some embodiments, the application rate of phthalimide fungicides may be 400 to 1500 g / ha. In some embodiments, the application rate of phthalimide fungicides may be 500 to 1500 g / ha. In some embodiments, phthalimide fungicides are applied at a rate between 500 and 1000 g / ha. In some embodiments, phthalimide fungicides are applied at a rate between 750 and 1000 g / ha. In some embodiments, phthalimide fungicides are applied at a rate between 750 and 1250 g / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate between 700 and 800 g / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of 750 g / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate between 450 and 550 g / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of 500 g / ha.

[0145] In some embodiments, the application rate of the phthalimide fungicide may be from 500±10% to 1500±10% g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate between 500±10% and 1000±10% g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate between 700±10% and 800±10% g ai / ha.

[0146] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of 1250 ± 10% g ai / ha.

[0147] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of 900 ± 10% g ai / ha.

[0148] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of 875 ± 10% g ai / ha.

[0149] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of 750 ± 10% g ai / ha.

[0150] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of 625 ± 10% g ai / ha.

[0151] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of 600 ± 10% g ai / ha.

[0152] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of 500 ± 10% g ai / ha.

[0153] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide, when applied foliarly, is applied at a rate between 500 and 1500 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of about 1500 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of about 1200 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of about 1000 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of about 900 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of about 750 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of about 600 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of about 500 g ai / ha.

[0154] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide, when applied foliarly, is applied at a rate between 20 and 300 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of about 150 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of about 120 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of about 100 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of about 90 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of about 75 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of about 60 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of about 50 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of about 30 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of about 25 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of about 20 g ai / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of about 10 g ai / ha.

[0155] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide, when applied by soil application, is applied at a rate between 0.1 and 10,000 g / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide, when applied by soil application, is applied at a rate between 1 and 5,000 g / ha. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide, when applied by soil application, is applied at a rate between 60 and 2,600 g / ha.

[0156] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide, when applied as a seed treatment, is applied at a rate between 2 g / 100 kg and 400 g / 100 kg of seeds. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide, when applied as a seed treatment, is applied at a rate between 2.5 g / 100 kg and 50 g / 100 kg of seeds. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide, when applied as a seed treatment, is applied at a rate between 2.5 g / 100 kg and 25 g / 100 kg of seeds. Composition

[0157] The present invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for treating crops or sites to resist fungal pathogen infection, wherein the crop is a crop (A) as defined herein and the fungal pathogen is a fungal pathogen (I) as defined herein.

[0158] The present invention also provides a crop-safe composition for use in crops (A) comprising a phthalimide fungicide in the form of solid particles. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide solid particles are suspended in an aqueous carrier.

[0159] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a composition comprising a solid particulate phthalimide fungicide for safely treating crops (A) as defined herein against fungal pathogen infection. In some embodiments, the composition is crop-safe for those crops. In some embodiments, the composition effectively treats crop (A) against fungal pathogen infection without causing significant phytotoxic damage to the crop. In some embodiments, the composition effectively treats crop (A) against fungal pathogen infection without causing measurable phytotoxic damage to the crop. In some embodiments, the composition effectively treats crop (A) against fungal pathogen infection without causing associated phytotoxic damage to the crop. In some embodiments, the composition effectively treats crop (A) against fungal pathogen infection without causing phytotoxic damage to the crop.

[0160] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a crop-safe composition comprising a solid particulate phthalimide fungicide suspended in an aqueous carrier, for use in treating crops or sites to resist fungal pathogen infection while avoiding associated harmful and / or phytotoxic effects on the crops, wherein the crops are crops (A) as defined herein.

[0161] In noteworthy embodiments, the crop-safe composition comprising a solid particulate phthalimide fungicide suspended in an aqueous carrier comprises suspended solid particles of formazan, gaprozin, or a combination thereof.

[0162] The present invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for combating diseases of crops (A) caused by fungal pathogens (I).

[0163] The present invention also provides an aqueous suspension composition comprising a solid particulate phthalimide fungicide, which is used to safely combat diseases caused by fungal pathogens to crops (A).

[0164] The present invention also provides an aqueous suspension concentrate composition comprising a solid particulate phthalimide fungicide for safely combating diseases of crops caused by fungal pathogens, wherein the crop is a crop (A) as defined herein and the fungal pathogen is a fungal pathogen (I) as defined herein. In some embodiments, the composition is a suspension concentrate (SC) composition.

[0165] The present invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for combating diseases of crops caused by fungal pathogens, wherein the crop is a crop (A) as defined herein and the fungal pathogen is a fungal pathogen (I) as defined herein.

[0166] The present invention provides a composition comprising an amount of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in crops (A) as defined herein. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is a fungal pathogen (I) as defined herein.

[0167] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for treating, combating, and / or preventing diseases caused by fungal pathogens to crops, and a method for treating, combating, and / or preventing diseases in crops or locations caused by fungal pathogens, wherein the disease is selected from the group consisting of: Cercospora leaf spot, beet leaf spot, Cynosporula leaf spot, olive peacock spot, olive anthracnose, olive leprosy or leaf and bud lesions of olive, apple black spot, banana yellow spot, banana black spot, and banana black leaf streak. The methods include applying a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide to a crop or the crop site. In some embodiments, the crop is a crop as defined herein (A). In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is a fungal pathogen as defined herein (I). In some embodiments, the composition comprises solid particles of a phthalimide fungicide. In some embodiments, the composition is a suspension of solid particles of a phthalimide fungicide in an aqueous carrier.

[0168] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in sugar beet crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Cercospora beetani*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Gnaphalium affine*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Cercospora kikuchi*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Septoria spp.*.

[0169] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in apple crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum* spp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Aureobasidium argentea*.

[0170] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in olive crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum* spp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Olivaceae spp.*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Olivaceae spp.*.

[0171] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide-containing fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in banana crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Pseudomonas acanthoides*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colococcus feijiense*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Fusarium*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide-containing fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in maize crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Cercospora zeatans*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Maize large leaf spot*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Heterospira spp.*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Carya spp.*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Ustilago maydis*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Fusarium graminearum*.

[0172] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in sugarcane crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Smutella smutica*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Eyespotella smutica*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Fusarium*.

[0173] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in sorghum crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Caesalpinia stalk rust*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Fusarium*.

[0174] The present invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in rice crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Rhizoctonia solani.

[0175] In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Pyrrosia lingua*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Cyclophorus mibe*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Fusarium*.

[0176] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in coffee crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Camponotus coffeeensis*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Fusarium graminearum*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Fusarium*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Laminaria japonica*.

[0177] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in cotton crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Cottonella rust*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Rhizoctonia solani*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Rhizoctonia solani*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Rhizoctonia solani*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Rhizoctonia solani*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Fusarium*.

[0178] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in legume crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Diosporium chickpea*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Diosporium peasum*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Diosporium faberi*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Cercospora verticillata*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Monosporium peaum*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Peronosporium peaum*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Botrytis cinerea*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Sclerotinia spp.*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Fusarium spp.*

[0179] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in rapeseed (OSR) crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Botrytis cinerea*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Sclerotinia sclerotiorum*.

[0180] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in cocoa crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Phytophthora. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum*.

[0181] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in citrus crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0182] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in cherry crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0183] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in papaya crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0184] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in dragon fruit crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0185] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in mango crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0186] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in avocado crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0187] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in dragon fruit crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0188] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in guava crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0189] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in longan crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0190] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in litchi crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0191] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in durian crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0192] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in passion fruit crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0193] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in rambutan crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0194] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in mangosteen crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0195] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in red pepper crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0196] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in onion crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0197] This invention provides a composition comprising a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in soybean crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Laminaria japonica*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Fusarium solani*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Gnaphalium affine*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Sclerotium sclerotiorum*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Brachystomum sclerotiorum*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Synapsium brownii*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Cercospora kikuchi*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Clostridium perfringens*.

[0198] In some embodiments, the composition comprises at least one agriculturally acceptable carrier.

[0199] In some embodiments, the amount of phthalimide fungicide in the composition is from about 0.5% to about 95% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

[0200] In some embodiments, the composition includes at least one agriculturally acceptable additive selected from the group consisting of surfactants, adjuvants, and any combination thereof.

[0201] In some embodiments, combating diseases of crops or the local environment to resist fungal infections includes inhibiting the formation of fungal mycelium.

[0202] In some embodiments, combating diseases of crops or the local environment to resist fungal infections includes inhibiting the germination of fungal spores.

[0203] In some embodiments, combating diseases of crops or the local environment to resist fungal pathogen infection includes treating plant pathogenic diseases of crops or the local environment.

[0204] In some embodiments, combating diseases of crops or the site to resist fungal pathogen infection includes protecting crops or the site from fungal invasion.

[0205] In some embodiments, combating diseases of crops or the local environment to resist fungal pathogen infection includes preventing fungal infections of crops or the local environment.

[0206] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises an agriculturally acceptable carrier.

[0207] In one embodiment, the amount of phthalimide fungicide in the composition is about 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5% to about 90%, 93%, 95%, 98%, 99% based on the total weight of the composition.

[0208] In one embodiment, the amount of phthalimide fungicide in the composition is from about 0.5% by weight to about 95% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0209] The components of this invention can be used or made in any known form, such as wettable powder (WP), emulsion concentrate (EC), microemulsion concentrate (MEC), water-soluble powder (SP), water-soluble concentrate (SL), suspension (SE), oil dispersion (OD); concentrated emulsions (BW), such as oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions; sprayable solutions or emulsions, capsule suspensions (CS), suspension concentrates (SC), suspension concentrates, dust (DP), oil miscible solutions (OL), mixtures of CS and SC (ZC), mixtures of CS and SE heterogeneous formulations (ZE), mixtures of CS and EW heterogeneous formulations (ZW), seed dressing products, granules in particulate form (GR), spray granules, coated granules and absorbent granules, granules for soil application or dispersal, water-soluble granules (SG), water-dispersible granules (WDG), ULV formulations, microcapsules or waxes. These individual formulation types are known in the art.

[0210] The composition may be used in any known form, especially in the following forms: water-dispersible particles, coated particles, emulsifiable concentrates, suspension concentrates, microemulsions, oil dispersions, suspensions, capsule suspensions, and mixtures of capsule suspensions and suspension concentrates.

[0211] In noteworthy embodiments, the compositions of the present invention comprise phthalimide fungicides in the form of solid particulate matter, used to treat, combat, and / or prevent diseases caused by fungal pathogens to crops, and thus in methods of treating, combating, and / or preventing diseases of crops or locations caused by fungal pathogens. Such compositions may comprise suspensions, powders, or granular formulations containing solid particulate phthalimide fungicides.

[0212] In previous attempts to treat, combat and / or prevent diseases of crops caused by fungal pathogens with other fungicides that have not been successful, the solid particulate phthalimide fungicide composition of the present invention generally not only provides an acceptable level of control and / or treatment, but also significantly reduces the phytotoxicity level of crops compared with other fungicides.

[0213] The composition of the present invention can be produced by conventional means, for example by mixing the active ingredient with a suitable adjuvant (diluent or solvent and, optionally, other formulation ingredients, such as surfactant).

[0214] Aqueous forms can be prepared by adding water to emulsion concentrates, suspensions, pastes, wettable powders, or water-dispersible particles. To prepare emulsions, pastes, or oil dispersions, the components, either as is or dissolved in oil or solvent, can be homogenized in water using a wetting agent, thickener, dispersant, or emulsifier. Alternatively, a concentrate containing an active ingredient, a wetting agent, thickener, dispersant, or emulsifier, and (if desired) a solvent or oil, suitable for dilution with water, can be prepared.

[0215] In some embodiments, the composition comprises at least one agriculturally acceptable additive. In some embodiments, the agriculturally acceptable additive is selected from the group consisting of surfactants, adjuvants, and any combination thereof. The agriculturally acceptable additive may also be other application-promoting adjuvants commonly used in formulation techniques and craftsmanship known in the art.

[0216] In some embodiments, the composition includes at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of surfactants and adjuvants.

[0217] Such compositions can be formulated using agriculturally acceptable carriers, surfactants or other application-promoting adjuvants commonly used in formulation techniques and craftsmanship known in the art.

[0218] Examples of suitable surfactants include (but are not limited to) nonionic, anionic, cationic, and amphoteric surfactants, such as alkoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxylated polysorbates (e.g., Tween 20), ethoxylated castor oil, lignin sulfonates, fatty acid sulfonates (e.g., lauryl sulfonates), phosphate esters (such as phosphate esters of alcohol alkoxylates, phosphate esters of alkylphenol alkoxylates, and phosphate esters of styrylphenol ethoxylates), condensates of sulfonated naphthalene and naphthalene derivatives with formaldehyde, condensates of naphthalene or naphthalene sulfonic acid with phenol and formaldehyde, alkylaryl sulfonates, ethoxylated alkylphenols and arylphenols, polyalkylene glycols, sorbitol esters, alkali metals, sodium lignin sulfonate, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate esters, aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copolymers, graft copolymers, and polyvinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymers. Other surfactants known in the art may be used as needed.

[0219] Suitable carriers and adjuvants may be solids or liquids and correspond to substances commonly used in formulation techniques, such as natural or recycled minerals, solvents, dispersants, wetting fungicides, thickeners, binders, fungicides, or fertilizers. Such carriers are described, for example, in WO 96 / 22690.

[0220] Potential examples of suitable liquid carriers for use in the compositions of the present invention include (but are not limited to) water; aromatic hydrocarbons, such as alkylbenzenes and alkylnaphthalenes; alcohols, such as cyclohexanol and decanol; ethylene glycol; polypropylene glycol; dipropylene glycol; N,N-dimethylformamide; dimethyl methoxide; dimethyl acetamide; N-alkylpyrrolidones, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; paraffin wax; various oils, such as olive oil, castor oil, linseed oil, tung oil, sesame oil, corn oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, or coconut oil; fatty acid esters; ketones, such as cyclohexanone, 2-heptanone, isophorone, and 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone; and the like.

[0221] Examples of suitable solid carriers that may be applicable to the compositions of the present invention include (but are not limited to) mineral clays such as silicates, silicates, talc, kaolin, sericite, attaclay, limestone, bentonite, lime, chalk, bole, mirabilite, loess, clay, dolomite, zeolite, diatomite, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium sulfate; ground synthetic materials; fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea, and plant-derived products such as cereal flour, bark flour, wood flour, and nut shell flour; cellulose powder; and other solid carriers.

[0222] Other components, such as wetting agents, defoamers, adhesives, neutralizers, thickeners, binders, chelating agents, fertilizers, biocides, stabilizers, buffers or antifreeze agents, may also be added to the composition of the present invention to increase the stability, density and viscosity of the composition.

[0223] Aqueous forms can be prepared by adding water to emulsion concentrates, suspensions, pastes, wettable powders, or water-dispersible particles. To prepare emulsions, pastes, or oil dispersions, the components, either as is or dissolved in oil or solvent, can be homogenized in water using a wetting agent, thickener, dispersant, or emulsifier. Alternatively, a concentrate containing an active ingredient, a wetting agent, thickener, dispersant, or emulsifier, and (if desired) a solvent or oil, suitable for dilution with water, can be prepared.

[0224] Specifically, the composition applied in the form of a spray (such as a water-dispersible concentrate or a wettable powder) may contain surfactants, such as wetting and dispersing fungicides, for example, condensation products of formaldehyde with naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, fatty alkyl sulfates and ethoxylated alkylphenols and ethoxylated fatty alcohols.

[0225] The compositions according to the invention are generally formulated in various ways using formulation adjuvants (such as carriers, solvents, and surfactants). The formulations may be in various physical forms, such as powders, gels, wettable powders, water-dispersible particles, water-dispersible tablets, effervescent pills, emulsifiable concentrates, microemulsifiable concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, oil suspensions, aqueous dispersions, oily dispersions, emulsions, capsule suspensions, emulsifiable particles, soluble liquids, water-soluble concentrates (using water or water-miscible organic solvents as carriers), impregnated polymer films, or other forms known, for example, as in the Manual on Development and Use of FAO and WHO Specifications for Pesticides, United Nations, First Edition, Second Revision (2010). Such formulations may be used directly or diluted prior to use. They may be diluted, for example, with water, liquid fertilizers, micronutrients, organisms, oils, or solvents. Formulations can be prepared, for example, by mixing the active ingredient with a formulation adjuvant to obtain a composition in the form of a fine powder, granules, solution, dispersion, or emulsion. The active ingredient can also be formulated with other adjuvants, such as fine powder, mineral oil, oils of plant or animal origin, modified oils of plant or animal origin, organic solvents, water, surfactants, or combinations thereof.

[0226] Microcapsules may also contain the active ingredient. Microcapsules contain the active ingredient within a porous carrier. This allows for the controlled release of the active ingredient into the environment (e.g., slow release). Microcapsules typically have a diameter of 0.1 to 500 micrometers. They contain approximately 25 to 95% by weight of the active ingredient. The active ingredient may be in monolithic solid form, as fine particles in a solid or liquid dispersion, or suitable for solution form. The encapsulating membrane may comprise, for example, natural or synthetic rubber, cellulose, styrene / butadiene copolymers, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylates, polyesters, polyamides, polyureas, polyurethanes, or chemically modified polymers, and starch xanthates or other polymers known to those skilled in the art. Alternatively, extremely fine microcapsules may be formed in which the active ingredient is contained in the form of fine powder particles within a solid matrix of a base substance, but the microcapsule itself is not encapsulated.

[0227] Suitable formulation adjuvants for preparing formulations according to the present invention are known in themselves. As liquid carriers, the following can be used: water, toluene, xylene, petroleum ether, vegetable oil, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acid anhydride, acetonitrile, acetophenone, amyl acetate, 2-butanone, butyl carbonate, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, alkyl acetate, diacetone alcohol, 1,2-dichloropropane, diethanolamine, p-diethylbenzene, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol rosinate, diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, N,N- Dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-diane, dipropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol ether, alkylpyrrolidone, ethyl acetate, 2-ethylhexanol, ethyl carbonate, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 2-heptanone, α-pinene, d-limonene, ethyl lactate, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, γ-butyrolactone, glycerol, glyceryl acetate, glyceryl diacetate, glyceryl triacetate Hexadecane, hexanediol, isoamyl acetate, isobornyl acetate, isooctane, isophorone, isopropylbenzene, isopropyl myristate, lactic acid, laurylamine, isopropyl ketone, methoxypropanol, methyl isoamyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl lauryl ketone, methyl octanoate, methyl oleate, dichloromethane, m-xylene, n-hexane, n-octylamine, octadecanoic acid, octylamine acetate, oleic acid, oleylamine, o-xylene, phenol, polyethylene glycol, propionic acid, propyl lactate, carbon Propylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, p-xylene, toluene, triethyl phosphate, triethylene glycol, xylenesulfonic acid, paraffin, mineral oil, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and higher molecular weight alcohols such as pentanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, hexanol, octanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, V-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and their analogues.

[0228] Suitable solid carriers include, for example, talc, titanium dioxide, pyrophyllite clay, silica, palygorskite clay, diatomite, limestone, calcium carbonate, bentonite, calcium montmorillonite, cottonseed hulls, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, ground walnut shells, lignin and similar substances.

[0229] Various surfactants can be advantageously used in solid and liquid formulations, especially those formulations that can be diluted with a carrier before use. Surfactants can be anionic, cationic, nonionic, or polymeric and can be used as emulsifiers, wetting fungicides, or suspension fungicides, or for other purposes. Typical surfactants include, for example, salts of alkyl sulfates, such as diethanolammonium lauryl sulfate; salts of alkyl aryl sulfonates, such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; alkylphenol / epoxide addition products, such as nonylphenol ethoxylate; alcohol / epoxide addition products, such as tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate; soaps, such as sodium stearate; salts of alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, such as sodium dibutylnaphthalene sulfonate; dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinic acid, such as sodium di(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate; sorbitol esters, such as sorbitol oleate; quaternary amines, such as lauryltrimethylammonium chloride; polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, such as polyethylene glycol stearate; block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; and salts of monoalkyl phosphates and dialkyl phosphates.

[0230] Other adjuvants that can be used in pesticide formulations include crystallization inhibitors, viscosity modifiers, suspension fungicides, dyes, antioxidants, foaming fungicides, light absorbers, mixing adjuvants, defoamers, complex fungicides, neutralizing substances or pH adjusting substances and buffers, corrosion inhibitors, fragrances, wetting fungicides, absorption enhancers, micronutrients, plasticizers, lubricants, dispersants, thickeners, antifreeze agents, microbial agents, and liquid and solid fertilizers.

[0231] The composition according to the invention may include additives comprising oils of plant or animal origin, mineral oils, alkyl esters of such oils, or mixtures of such oils and oil derivatives. The amount of oil additive in the formulation according to the invention is typically 0.01 to 10% based on the applied mixture. For example, after the spray mixture has been prepared, the oil additive may be added to the spray can at the desired concentration. Preferred oil additives comprise mineral oils or oils of plant origin, such as rapeseed oil, olive oil, or sunflower oil, emulsified vegetable oils, alkyl esters of plant-derived oils, such as methyl derivatives, or oils of animal origin, such as fish oil or tallow. Preferred oil additives comprise alkyl esters of C8-C22 fatty acids, especially methyl derivatives of C12-C18 fatty acids, such as methyl laurate, methyl palmitate, and methyl oleate (methyl laurate, methyl palmitate, and methyl oleate, respectively).

[0232] Seed dressing compositions are applied to seeds in a manner known to the seeds themselves, using the mixtures and diluents of the present invention, in a suitable seed dressing composition form, such as an aqueous suspension or dry powder, which exhibits good adhesion to the seeds. Such seed dressing compositions are known in this art. Seed dressing compositions may contain a single active ingredient or combination of active ingredients of the present invention in an encapsulated form (e.g., slow-release capsules or microcapsules).

[0233] Generally, the formulation comprises 0.01 to 90% by weight of an active fungicide, 0 to 20% by weight of an agriculturally acceptable surfactant, and 10 to 99.99% by weight of a solid or liquid adjuvant. Concentrated formulations typically contain between about 2% and 80% by weight, preferably between about 5% and 70% by weight of an active fungicide. Application formulations may, for example, contain 0.01 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 5% by weight of an active fungicide.

[0234] The concentrated form of the composition is usually diluted before application. Uses

[0235] This invention provides the use of phthalimide fungicides for treating crops (A) or locations to resist infection by fungal pathogens (I).

[0236] Crop (A) is selected from the group consisting of: sugar beet, olive, apple, citrus, cherry, banana, mango, papaya, dragon fruit, avocado, pitaya, guava, longan, lychee, durian, passion fruit, rambutan, mangosteen, cocoa, red pepper, onion, corn, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, cotton, rice, legumes, chickpea, pea, broad bean, broad bean, rapeseed (OSR), soybean, and any combination thereof.

[0237] Fungal pathogens (I) are selected from the following groups: *Cercospora betaecarpa*, *Cercospora kikuchi*, *Cercospora betaecarpa*, *Nematosus oleraceus*, *Colletotrichum anthracis*, *Colletotrichum anthracis*, *Colletotrichum spp.*, *Colletotrichum spp.*, *Pseudocercospora faciens*, *Cercospora feijiensis*, *Cercospora maize ... Rust fungi, *Fusarium graminearum*, *Syngonium spp. ...

[0238] This invention provides the use of phthalimide fungicides in solid particulate form for treating fungal pathogens on crops. In some embodiments, the crop is a crop as defined herein (A). In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is a fungal pathogen as defined herein (I). In some embodiments, the use is safe for the crop. In some embodiments, the use effectively treats the crop against fungal pathogen infection without causing significant phytotoxic damage to the crop. In some embodiments, the use effectively treats the crop against fungal pathogen infection without causing significant and / or measurable phytotoxic damage to the crop. In some embodiments, the use effectively treats the crop against fungal pathogen infection without causing associated phytotoxic damage to the crop. In some embodiments, the use effectively treats the crop against fungal pathogen infection without causing phytotoxic damage to the crop. In some embodiments, the use comprises applying solid particulate phthalimide fungicides to the crop or its location.

[0239] This invention provides the use of phthalimide fungicides for combating diseases caused by fungal pathogens (I) as defined herein to crops (A) as defined herein.

[0240] The present invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for the control of fungal pathogens (I) as defined herein in a crop (A) as defined herein.

[0241] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in sugar beet crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Cercospora beetans*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Gnaphalium affine*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Cercospora kikuchi*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Septoria spp.*.

[0242] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in apple crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum* spp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Aureobasidium argentea*.

[0243] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in olive crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum* spp. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Olivaceae spp.*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Olivaceae spp.*.

[0244] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in banana crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Pseudomonas melanogaster*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colococcus feijiense*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Fusarium*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*.

[0245] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in maize crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Cercospora zeylanica*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Maize large leaf spot*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Heterospira spp.*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Carya spp.*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Fusarium spp.*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Fusarium spp.*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Fusarium spp.*.

[0246] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in sugarcane crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Smutella smutica*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Eyespotella smutica*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Fusarium*.

[0247] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in sorghum crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Caesalpinia stalk rust*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Fusarium*.

[0248] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in rice crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Rhizoctonia solani. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Pyrrosia lingua. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Cyclospora mirifica. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Cyclospora mirifica. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Fusarium.

[0249] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in coffee crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Camponotus coffeeensis*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Fusarium graminearum*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Fusarium*.

[0250] In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is cotton rust fungus in cotton crops.

[0251] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in cotton crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Cottonella spp.* In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Rhizoctonia solani* var. *spp.* In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Rhizoctonia solani* var. *spp.* In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Rhizoctonia solani* var. *spp.* In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Fusarium* spp.

[0252] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in legume crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Diosporium chickpea*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Diosporium peasum*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Diosporium faberi*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Cercospora verticillata*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Monosporium peaum*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Peronosporium peaum*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Botrytis cinerea*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Sclerotinia spp.*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Fusarium spp.*

[0253] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in OSR crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Botrytis cinerea*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Sclerotinia spp.*

[0254] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in cocoa crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Phytophthora. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum*.

[0255] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in citrus crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0256] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in cherry crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0257] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in papaya crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0258] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in dragon fruit crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0259] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in mango crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0260] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in avocado crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0261] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in dragon fruit crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0262] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in guava crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0263] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in longan crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0264] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in litchi crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0265] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in durian crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0266] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in passion fruit crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0267] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in rambutan crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0268] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in mangosteen crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0269] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in red pepper crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0270] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in onion crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*.

[0271] This invention provides the use of a phthalimide fungicide for controlling fungal pathogens in soybean crops. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Solanum spp.* rust. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Fusarium solani*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Gnaphalium affine*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Sclerotium sclerotiorum*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Brachysporum solani*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Synapsium brownii*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Cercospora kikuchii*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is *Clostridium perfringens*. Phthalimide fungicide

[0272] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is selected from the group consisting of gaprozil, forl, tetrachlordane and any combination thereof.

[0273] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is Gapdan.

[0274] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is forlap.

[0275] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is tetrachlordane.

[0276] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is a combination of Gapdan and Forbade.

[0277] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is a combination of gaprozil and tetrachlordane.

[0278] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is a combination of tetrachlordane and forl.

[0279] In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is a combination of gaprozil, formalin, and tetrachlordane. Crop (A)

[0280] In some embodiments, the crop (A) is selected from the group consisting of: sugar beets, olives, apples, citrus fruits, cherries, bananas, mangoes, papayas, dragon fruit, avocados, pitayas, guavas, longans, lychees, durians, passion fruit, rambutans, mangosteens, cocoa, red peppers, onions, corn, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, cotton, rice, legumes, chickpeas, peas, broad beans, broad beans, rapeseed (OSR), soybeans, and any combination thereof.

[0281] In some embodiments, crop (A) is selected from the group consisting of: sugar beets, olives, apples, citrus fruits, cherries, bananas, mangoes, papayas, dragon fruit, avocados, pitayas, guavas, longans, lychees, durians, passion fruit, rambutans, mangosteens, cocoa, red peppers, onions, corn, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, cotton, rice, legumes, canola (OSR), soybeans, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, crop (A) is selected from the group consisting of: sugar beets, olives, apples, bananas, coffee, legumes, canola (OSR), soybeans, and any combination thereof.

[0282] In some embodiments, crop (A) is beet. In some embodiments, crop (A) is olive. In some embodiments, crop (A) is apple. In some embodiments, crop (A) is citrus. In some embodiments, crop (A) is cherry. In some embodiments, crop (A) is banana. In some embodiments, crop (A) is coffee. In some embodiments, crop (A) is a legume. In some embodiments, crop (A) is canola (OSR). In some embodiments, crop (A) is soybean. In some embodiments, crop (A) is mango. In some embodiments, crop (A) is papaya. In some embodiments, crop (A) is dragon fruit. In some embodiments, crop (A) is avocado. In some embodiments, crop (A) is dragon fruit. In some embodiments, crop (A) is guava. In some embodiments, crop (A) is longan. In some embodiments, crop (A) is lychee. In some embodiments, crop (A) is durian. In some embodiments, crop (A) is passion fruit. In some embodiments, crop (A) is rambutan. In some embodiments, crop (A) is mangosteen. In some embodiments, crop (A) is cocoa. In some embodiments, crop (A) is red chili pepper. In some embodiments, crop (A) is onion. In some embodiments, crop (A) is corn. In some embodiments, crop (A) is sugarcane. In some embodiments, crop (A) is sorghum. In some embodiments, crop (A) is cotton. In some embodiments, crop (A) is rice. Fungal pathogen (I)

[0283] In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is selected from the group consisting of: *Cercospora betaecarpa*, *Gnaphalium affine*, *Cercospora kikuchi*, *Cercospora betaecarpa*, *Gnaphalium oleiferum*, *Colletotrichum anthracis*, *Colletotrichum anthracis*, *Colletotrichum spp.*, *Colletotrichum spp.*, *Pseudocercospora faecium*, *Cercospora feijiensis*, *Cercospora maize*, *Gnaphalium maize*, *Gnaphalium heterotropoides*, *Cercospora spp.*, *Gnaphalium maize*, *Gnaphalium smuttiformis*, *Gnaphalium smuttiformis*, *Gnaphalium maize ... *Rhizoctonia solani*, *Fusarium graminearum*, *Syngonium spp. ...

[0284] In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is selected from the group consisting of: *Cercospora betaecarpa*, *Cercospora betaecarpa*, *Nematostella oleifera*, *Colletotrichum anthracis*, *Colletotrichum anthracis*, *Pseudocercospora faecium*, *Cercospora feijiensis*, *Cercospora zeatans*, *Heterospira zeatans*, *Cercospora zeatans*, *Cercospora maize*, *Cercospora maize*, *Cercospora zeatans*, *Smutella smutella*, *Fusarium graminearum*, *Smutella smutella*, and *Smutella smutella*. Sugarcane eye spot fungus, corn stalk rust fungus, coffee camel rust fungus, charcoal scab, cotton layer rust fungus, bean and potato layer rust fungus, taro stalk rust fungus, southwestern cotton stalk rust fungus, cotton shell spore, cotton small tuft rust fungus, rhizoctonia solani, rice pear spore, umbelliferous spiral spore fungus, chickpea shell spore, chaste tree spore, pea and broad bean monospore rust fungus, pea downy mildew, griseophytes, Fusarium, Sclerotinia, Phytophthora, apple black spot fungus and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is selected from the group consisting of: *Cercospora beetica*, *Cercospora beetica*, *Nematostella oleifera*, *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*, *Fructus maculatus*, *Nematostella maculatus*, *Pseudocercospora fijiensis*, *Pseudocercospora fijiensis*, *Bacillus hygrophila*, *Bacillus chickpea*, *Bacillus pea*, *Bacillus favosa*, *Peronospora peaica*, *Sclerotium*, *Bacillus bean*, and any combination thereof.

[0285] In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cercospora beetani*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Septoria beetani*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Azotobacter oleifera*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fructus appleis*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Azotobacter gloeosporioides*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Pseudomonas faciens*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cercospora feijiensis* (or *Pseudomonas feijiensis*). In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Laminaria japonica* rust. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Dispora chickpea*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Dispora pea*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Dispora broad bean*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Peronospora peais*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Sclerotium*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Laminaria japonica* rust. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Grey mold of soybean*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cercospora kikuchi*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cercospora zeatans*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Maize large leaf spot*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Heterospira*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Carya spp.*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Smutella spp.*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium graminearum*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Sugarcane smut*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Sugarcane eye spot*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Corylus stalk* rust. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Camelus spp.*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium graminearum*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Corylus spp.*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Corylus spp.*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Corylus spp.*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Corylus spp.*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Corylus spp.*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Eleocharis acicularis*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Rhizoctonia solani*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Pyrrosia lingua*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cercospora miliacea*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Syndromea rubiginosa*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Monosporium pelargoniflorum*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Botrytis cinerea*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Phytophthora*. Diseases caused by fungal pathogens

[0286] In some embodiments, the diseases caused to crops by fungal pathogens are selected from the group consisting of: Cercospora leaf spot, beet leaf spot, Cynosporula leaf spot, olive pea pea spot, olive anthracnose, olive leprosy or leaf and bud lesions of olive, apple black spot, banana yellow spot, banana black spot, banana black leaf streak, cotton rust, chickpea wilt, pea wilt, broad bean wilt, pea lentil or broad bean wilt; downy mildew of leguminous plants, peas, etc.; sclerotinia rot or white mold of rapeseed, Asian soybean rust, cotton rust, sudden death syndrome, frog eye leaf spot, apple black spot, white mold, brown stem rot, soybean brown spot, soybean purple spot, soybean anthracnose, soybean target disease, and any combination thereof.

[0287] In some embodiments, the disease is *Cercospora* leaf spot. In some embodiments, the disease is beet leaf spot. In some embodiments, the disease is *Synapsula* leaf spot. In some embodiments, the disease is olive peacock spot. In some embodiments, the disease is olive anthracnose. In some embodiments, the disease is olive leprosy. In some embodiments, the disease is leaf and bud disease of olive. In some embodiments, the disease is apple black spot. In some embodiments, the disease is banana yellow spot. In some embodiments, the disease is banana black spot. In some embodiments, the disease is banana black leaf streak. In some embodiments, the disease is cotton rust. In some embodiments, the disease is chickpea wilt. In some embodiments, the disease is pea wilt. In some embodiments, the disease is broad bean wilt. In some embodiments, the disease is *Fusarium wilt* of pea, lentil, or broad bean. In some embodiments, the disease is downy mildew of leguminous plants, peas, etc. In some embodiments, the disease is rapeseed sclerotinia rot or white mold. In some embodiments, the disease is Asian soybean rust. In some embodiments, the disease is cotton rust. In some embodiments, the disease is sudden death syndrome. In some embodiments, the disease is frog eye leaf spot. In some embodiments, the disease is apple black spot. In some embodiments, the disease is white mold. In some embodiments, the disease is brown stem rot. In some embodiments, the disease is soybean brown spot. In some embodiments, the disease is soybean purple spot. In some embodiments, the disease is soybean anthracnose. In some embodiments, the disease is soybean target spot disease.

[0288] *Cercospora betaecarpa* causes *Cercospora betaecarpa* leaf spot disease in beets. *Cercospora betaecarpa* causes *Cercospora betaecarpa* leaf spot disease in beets. *Olive black spot* causes pea spot disease in olives. *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides* causes anthracnose disease in olives. *Fructus arvensis* causes leprosy or leaf and bud lesions in olives. *Olive black spot* causes apple black spot disease. *Cercospora baicalensis* causes yellow spot disease in bananas. *Cercospora feijiensis* (or *Cercospora feijiensis*) causes black spot disease in bananas. *Laminaria japonica* causes cotton rust disease. *Dioscorea cibarius* causes wilt disease in chickpeas. *Dioscorea lappa* causes wilt disease in peas. *Dioscorea spp.* causes wilt disease in broad beans. *Downy mildew* causes downy mildew disease in legumes. *Sclerotium* causes sclerotinia rot or white mold in OSR. *Laminaria japonica* causes rust disease in Asian soybeans. *Fusarium cladophyllum* causes sudden death syndrome in soybeans. *Soybean gray spot* causes frog-eye leaf spot in soybeans. *Sclerotium sclerotiorum* causes white mold in soybeans. *Soybean stem rot* causes brown stem rot in soybeans. *Syndrome hygroscopicum* causes brown spot in soybeans. *Cercospora kikuchii* causes purple spot in soybeans. *Colletotrichum chinense* causes anthracnose in soybeans. *Cladosporium chrysogenum* causes target spot disease in soybeans. Optimal combinations of specific fungal pathogens, fungal diseases, and / or crops.

[0289] In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Pseudomonas melanogaster* from bananas. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cercospora feijiensis* from bananas. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cercospora maize* from corn. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Gnaphalium maize* from corn. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Heterospira spp.* from corn. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cyclospora charcoal* from corn. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Ustilago esculenta* from corn. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium graminearum* from corn. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Smutella canis* from sugarcane. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Eyespotella canis* from sugarcane. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Corylus styracifolium* from sorghum. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Camponotus coffee* from coffee. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium anthracnose* from coffee. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cotton rust* from cotton. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Rhizoctonia solani* of cotton. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Rhizoctonia solani* of cotton. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Diplosporium spp.* of cotton. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Trichoderma solani* of cotton. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Rhizoctonia solani* of rice. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Pyrrosia lingua* of rice. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cercospora milii* of rice. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cercospora chickpea* of legumes. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cercospora verticillata* of legumes. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Monosporium peaum* of legumes. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Peronosporium peaum* of legumes. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Botrytis cinerea* of legumes and OSR. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium* of maize. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium* of rice. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium* from sugarcane. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium* from sorghum. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium* from banana. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium* from cotton. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium* from coffee. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium* from legumes. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *OSR* and *Sclerotinia* from legumes. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Phytophthora* from cocoa.In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cercospora betaecarpa* from sugar beets. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Gnaphalium affine* from sugar beets. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cercospora kikuchi* from sugar beets. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Septoria betaecarpa* from sugar beets. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracnose* from apples. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracnose* from apples. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracnose* from olives. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracnose* from olives. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Olive black spot* from olives. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fungiformis rubra* from olives. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracnose* from citrus fruits. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracnose* from citrus fruits. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracnose* from cherry fruits. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* from cherry. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides* from banana. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides* from banana. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides* from papaya. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides* from papaya. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides* from dragon fruit. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides* from dragon fruit. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides* from mango. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides* from mango. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides* from avocado. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides* from avocado. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides* from dragon fruit. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* from dragon fruit. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* from guava. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* from guava. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* from longan. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* from longan. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* from litchi. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* from litchi. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* from durian.In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* from durian. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* from passion fruit. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* from passion fruit. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* from rambutan. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* from rambutan. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* from mangosteen. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* from mangosteen. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* from cocoa. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* from cocoa. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* from red pepper. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* from red pepper. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracnose* from onions. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum* genus from onions. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Dioscorea bean* rust fungus from soybeans. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Aegilops macrantha* from apples.

[0290] In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Pseudomonas melanogaster* and the crop (A) is banana. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cercospora feijiensis* and the crop (A) is banana. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cercospora maize* and the crop (A) is corn. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Maize large leaf spot fungus* and the crop (A) is corn. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Heterospira spp.* and the crop (A) is corn. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cercospora charcoalensis* and the crop (A) is corn. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Ustilago maydis* and the crop (A) is corn. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium graminearum* and the crop (A) is corn. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Sugarcane smut fungus* and the crop (A) is sugarcane. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Sugarcane eyespot fungus* and the crop (A) is sugarcane. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Corn stalk rust* and the crop (A) is sorghum. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Coffea spp.* and the crop (A) is coffee. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium graminearum* and the crop (A) is coffee. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cotton layer rust* and the crop (A) is cotton. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Rhizoctonia solani* and the crop (A) is cotton. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cotton stalk rust* and the crop (A) is cotton. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cotton stalk rust* and the crop (A) is cotton. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cotton stalk rust* and the crop (A) is cotton. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Rhizoctonia solani* and the crop (A) is rice. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Pyrrosia lingua* and the crop (A) is rice. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cyclocarya spp.* and the crop (A) is rice. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Dispora chickpea* and the crop (A) is a legume. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Dispora pea* and the crop (A) is a legume. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Dispora favabe* and the crop (A) is a legume. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cercospora verticillata* from a legume. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Monosporium peaum* and the crop (A) is a legume. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Peronosporium peaum* and the crop (A) is a legume. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Botrytis cinerea* and the crop (A) is a legume and *OSR*. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium* and the crop (A) is corn. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium* and the crop (A) is rice.In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium* and the crop (A) is sugarcane. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium* and the crop (A) is sorghum. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium* and the crop (A) is banana. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium* and the crop (A) is cotton. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium* and the crop (A) is coffee. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium* and the crop (A) is a legume. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Sclerotinia* and the crop (A) is OSR. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Sclerotinia* and the crop (A) is a legume. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Phytophthora* and the crop (A) is cocoa. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cercospora beetans* and the crop (A) is sugar beet. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is soybean gray spot fungus and the crop (A) is sugar beet. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cercospora kikuchi* and the crop (A) is sugar beet. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Symplocos spp.* and the crop (A) is sugar beet. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is apple. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is apple. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is olive. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is olive. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Olive black spot* and the crop (A) is olive. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Apple fruit rot fungus* and the crop (A) is olive. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is citrus. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is citrus. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is cherry. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is cherry. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is banana. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is banana. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is papaya. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is papaya. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is dragon fruit. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is dragon fruit.In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is mango. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is mango. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is avocado. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is avocado. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is dragon fruit. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is dragon fruit. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is dragon fruit. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is guava. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is guava. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is longan. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is longan. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is litchi. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is litchi. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is durian. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is durian. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is passion fruit. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is passion fruit. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is rambutan. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is rambutan. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is mangosteen. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is mangosteen. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is cocoa. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is cocoa. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is red pepper. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is red pepper. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is onion. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum anthracis* and the crop (A) is onion. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Acer macranthum* and the crop (A) is apple.

[0291] In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Potamogeton crispus* and the crop (A) is soybean. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Fusarium solani* and the crop (A) is soybean. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Gnaphalium affine* and the crop (A) is soybean. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Sclerotium sclerotiorum* and the crop (A) is soybean. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Brachystomum spp.* and the crop (A) is soybean. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Synapsium brownii* and the crop (A) is soybean. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cercospora kikuchi* and the crop (A) is soybean. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides* and the crop (A) is soybean.

[0292] In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen (I) is *Cladosporium tumefaciens* and the crop (A) is soybean. A preferred combination of specific fungal pathogen, fungal disease, crop, and application rate.

[0293] In some embodiments, the crops (A) and fungal pathogens (I) listed in Table A are treated with phthalimide fungicides selected from Forper and / or Gapdan.

[0294] In some embodiments, the crops (A) and fungal pathogens (I) listed in Table A are treated with the phthalimide fungicide formazan.

[0295] In some embodiments, the crops (A) and fungal pathogens (I) listed in Table A are treated with the phthalimide fungicide Gapdan.

[0296] In some embodiments, the crop (A), the fungal pathogen (I) and the application rate are any combination of the crop (A), the fungal pathogen (I) and the application rate or the preferred rate listed in Table A.

[0297] In some embodiments, the crop (A), fungal pathogen (I), disease and application rate are any combination of the crop (A), fungal pathogen (I), disease and application rate or the preferred rate listed in Table A.

[0298] In some embodiments, the crop (A), fungal pathogen (I), disease, use of forlpi as phthalimide and application rate are any combination of the crop (A), fungal pathogen (I), disease and application rate or the preferred rate listed in Table A.

[0299] In some embodiments, the crop (A), fungal pathogen (I), disease, use of Gapdan as a phthalimide and application rate are any combination of the crop (A), fungal pathogen (I), disease and application rate or the preferred rate listed in Table A.

[0300] In some embodiments, the crop (A), fungal pathogen (I), disease, application rate, and number of applications are any combination of the crop (A), fungal pathogen (I), disease, application rate, or preferred rate and number of applications listed in Table A.

[0301] In some embodiments, the crop (A), fungal pathogen (I), disease, application rate, number of applications and crop application period are any combination of the crop (A), fungal pathogen (I), disease, application rate or preferred rate, number of applications and application period listed in Table A.

[0302] In some embodiments, the crop (A), fungal pathogen (I), disease, application rate and number of applications are any combination of the crop (A), fungal pathogen (I), disease, application rate or preferred rate and number of applications listed in Table A, wherein forlper is a phthalimide fungicide.

[0303] In some embodiments, the crop (A), fungal pathogen (I), disease, application rate, number of applications and crop application period are any combination of the crop (A), fungal pathogen (I), disease, application rate or preferred rate, number of applications and application period listed in Table A, wherein Forpe is a phthalimide fungicide.

[0304] In some embodiments, the crop (A), fungal pathogen (I), disease, application rate and number of applications are any combination of the crop (A), fungal pathogen (I), disease, application rate or preferred rate and number of applications listed in Table A, wherein Gapdan is a phthalimide fungicide.

[0305] In some embodiments, the crop (A), fungal pathogen (I), disease, application rate, number of applications and crop application period are any combination of the crop (A), fungal pathogen (I), disease, application rate or preferred rate, number of applications and application period listed in Table A, wherein Gapdan is a phthalimide fungicide.

[0306] Table A. Crops(A) Fungal pathogens (I) disease Application rate (gAI / ha) Optimal speed (gAI / ha) Application frequency and crop application period beet beetroot cauliflora Cercospora leaf spot 500 - 1500 750 - 1000 1 to 5 beet Beetroot septum beet leaf spot disease 500 - 1500 750 - 1000 1 to 5 olives Olive black star fungus Olive lentigines 500 - 1500 750 - 1000 1 to 2, from harvest to flowering olives Colletotrichum anthracis Olive anthrax 500 - 1500 750 - 1000 1 to 2, from harvest to flowering olives Apple fruit rot fungus Olive leprosy or leaf and bud diseases of olives 500 - 1500 750 - 1000 1 to 2, from harvest to flowering apple Apple black star fungus Apple Black Star Disease 750 - 1250 750 - 1000 1 to 8 banana Banana pseudocercariae macular degeneration 500 - 1000 n / a 1 to 15 banana Fiji coccidioidomyces (preferred name: Fiji pseudocercariae) Black spots 500 - 1000 n / a 1 to 15 cotton Cotton layer rust fungus cotton rust 500 - 1000 n / a Legumes Chickpea shell dispores Chickpea wilt disease 500 - 1000 n / a Legumes Pyrenaeus pea wilt disease 500 - 1000 n / a Legumes Broad bean shell spores Fava bean wilt disease 500 - 1000 n / a Legumes Pea downy mildew Downy mildew of legumes 500 - 1000 n / a OSR Sclerotium Sclerotinia sclerotium or white mold 500 - 1000 n / a soybeans Bean rust fungus Asian soybean rust 500 - 1500 500 - 1000

[0307] The methods, uses or compositions of the present invention may include additional crop protectants, such as insecticides, herbicides, bactericides, nematicides, molluscicides, growth regulators, biological agents, fertilizers or mixtures thereof.

[0308] The embodiments disclosed herein are intended to be adaptable to various other embodiments disclosed herein. Therefore, all combinations of the different elements described herein are within the scope of the invention. Furthermore, the elements described in the method embodiments can be used in the composition and use embodiments described herein, and vice versa.

[0309] The following examples illustrate the implementation of the subject matter of the invention using some embodiments, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the subject matter of the invention. Other embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and examples. It is intended that the specification (including examples) be considered merely illustrative and not as limiting the scope and spirit of the subject matter of the invention.

[0310] It is important to note that in all evaluations of the methods of the present invention for treating, combating, and / or preventing fungal infections, no significant or measurable phytotoxic damage to crops has been observed, wherein the crops are treated with a solid particulate phthalimide composition that can be referred to as a crop-safe composition. The aqueous suspension composition of the solid particulate phthalimide is crop-safe in the methods disclosed herein.

[0311] It is important to note that significant and striking greening effects have been reported in the evaluation of the methods of the present invention for treating, resisting, treating and / or controlling fungal infections in apple and banana crops. Example 1

[0312] Experiments were conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of phthalimide fungicides (Gepdan and Forper) against *Cercospora beetis*, *Gymnospermum jasminoides*, and *Cercospora kikuchii* of beet (Chicago variety) under protective conditions.

[0313] Experiments were conducted using a mixture of Gaptan and Stavento® (both in the form of an aqueous suspension concentrate containing suspended solid particulate phthalimide particles). The treatments are summarized in Table 1 below. Table 1. Treatment List Processing Number Processing Name Mixtures Dose rate (g ai / ha) 1 Inspection without treatment - - 2 Kejuntan SC Gapdan 480 SC 749 3 Staventon Forper 500 SC 750 4 thallium temperature Forper 500 SC 1000 5 Thiopron Gold Sulfur 825 SC 4125

[0314] To test the fungicidal control effect against *Cercospora beta*, plants were sprayed with the various treatments described above. All treatments were applied under preventative conditions. Each treatment consisted of four replicates. All treatments were applied in a track spray chamber using a water volume equal to 500 L. A total of two applications were completed, with an interval of 14 days. Artificial inoculation was performed after the first application by spraying the leaves with an inoculation solution at a concentration of 1 x 10⁶ CFU / ml.

[0315] Disease assessment was conducted throughout the experiment. Disease symptoms were examined on 25 leaves of each plot at various time points. The efficacy of the fungicide was determined by intensity, and the results are presented as a percentage of the untreated control group. Statistical significance was evaluated using analysis of variance and the Student-Newman-Keuls test at an α level of 0.05. The results are shown in Table 2 below. Table 2. Fungicide efficacy of treatments Processing Number Mixtures Dose rate (g ai / ha) Compared to the fungicide efficacy of *Cercospora beetroot* (control %) 1 Inspection without treatment - - 2 Gapdan 480 SC 749 77 3 Forper 500 SC 750 84 4 Forper 500 SC 1000 93 5 Sulfur 825 SC 4125 82

[0316] Results showed that phthalimine fungicides, when applied sequentially as a preventative measure at a lower test rate of 750 g ai / ha, provided excellent fungicidal efficacy against *Cercospora beetroot*. Example 2

[0317] Experiments were conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of phthalimine fungicides (Geptan and Forper) against *Sphaerosporium beetroot* in sugar beets (Chicago variety) under protected conditions.

[0318] Experiments were conducted using a mixture of Geptan and Forper (in the form of an aqueous suspension containing solid particulate phthalimide particles). The treatments are summarized in Table 3 below. Table 3. Treatment List Processing Number Processing Name Mixtures Dose rate (g ai / ha) 1 Inspection without treatment - - 2 Kejuntan SC Gapdan 480 SC 749 3 thallium temperature Forper 500 SC 500 4 thallium temperature Forper 500 SC 750 5 thallium temperature Forper 500 SC 1000 6 NORDOX 75 WG Copper Oxide 750 WG 1500

[0319] To test the fungicidal control effect against *Sphaerosporium styracifolium*, plants were sprayed with the above-mentioned treatments. All treatments were applied under preventative conditions. Each treatment consisted of four replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Statistical significance was assessed using analysis of variance, followed by the Studen-Newman-Cole test, at an alpha level of 0.05. No significant differences were observed when two elements shared the same algebraic notation.

[0320] Evaluation was conducted throughout the experiment. Symptom incidence was examined for 25 leaves in each plot at various time points, and leaf severity was determined. Results were presented as a percentage of the control group, based on a severity rating with a maximum value of 100%.

[0321] Results showed that phthalimide fungicides effectively controlled diseases. Example 3

[0322] Experiments were conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of phthalimide fungicides (Former and Gapdan) against olive black spot fungus (olive pea spot disease) in olives.

[0323] Experiments were conducted by applying a Geptan composition containing 800 g / kg or 480 g / kg Geptan and a Forpe composition containing 800 g / kg Forpe. The treatments are summarized in Tables 4 and 5 below. Table 4. List of Forpe Treatments Table 5. List of Geptan Treatments

[0324] Olive leaves infected with natural olive peacock spot disease were collected from the field and brought to the laboratory. They were then cut and washed in sterile water to obtain an aqueous solution with a high concentration of conidia. Conidia were measured using a hemocytometer, and the concentration per milliliter was calculated. 5 to 10 ml of 2% agar solution was added to 9 cm diameter Petri dishes. After cooling and solidification, a coverslip was placed on the solidified culture medium.

[0325] Deposit two drops of 20 µl (mixed product and conidia) onto a coverslip, performing three replicates per dose (coverslip). Seal the culture dish with paraffin and store in the dark at 15–20°C. Evaluate on day 4 after incubation.

[0326] Record the number of germinated conidia for each replicate experiment. The total number of conidia counted for each replicate experiment is 100.

[0327] Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bartlett's test were performed on each assessment (Annex I) using the software ARM (Agricultural Research Management) to assume homogeneity of treatment variations. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. Multiple comparison tests with a 95% confidence level (detailed in the specific results table) were applied to distinguish any valuable treatments. These treatments were ultimately represented by letters: treatments sharing at least one letter showed no significant difference. The percentage of ungerminated conidia was converted to a percentage of efficacy using Abbott's transformation.

[0328] LD30, LD50, LD80, and LC90 were calculated using PoloPlus (Probit and Logit analysis. LeOra software; version 1.0; 2002-2018). Probability analysis was performed by considering 'natural response' as a parameter and converting the dose to logarithm. A 95% confidence interval was considered.

[0329] The results are shown in Tables 6 and 7, and Figures 1 and 2. Table 6. Efficacy of Forper (or similar product) Table 7. Efficacy of Gapdan (or similar product)

[0330] The highest germination percentage (64.67%) was observed during inoculation testing, significantly higher than the values ​​observed in all test treatments. Both fungicides belonging to the phthalimide class were observed to provide excellent disease control at extremely low concentrations. Example 4

[0331] Experiments were conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of the phthalimide fungicide (Former) against apple fruit rot fungus.

[0332] Experiments were conducted using the forlap formulation (MCW-296 WG). The candidate products, formulations, active ingredient loadings, and rates used for each treatment are listed in Table 8 below. Table 8. List of Treatments Department product Mixtures Product gram count / hL Active substance gram count / ha 1 Inspection without treatment - - - 2 MCW-296 WG Forl 800 g / kg WG 47 375 3 MCW-296 WG Forl 800 g / kg WG 94 750 6 MCW-296 WG Forl 800 g / kg WG 188 1500 7 Orius Tebuconazole 200 g / L SC 45 90 8 Cuprosan Alkaline copper oxychloride 500 g / kg WG 400 2000

[0333] The efficacy of apples against apple fruit rot fungus (a vector of olive leprosy) was evaluated because this crop is susceptible to the pathogen and the symptoms were allowed to develop fully, and the efficacy of the active ingredient was evaluated (Romero et al., 2018).

[0334] Before inoculation, wounds were created on apples (Yellow Sweet apple cultivar) using a sterile nozzle with a diameter of 7 mm. The product to be evaluated was applied by spraying. Inoculation was performed by inserting actively growing fungal mycelium into the wounds on agar plates. Using a completely randomized design, three replicate experiments (apple plants) were set up according to various experimental combinations (three wounds per apple). The disease was evaluated by measuring the diameter of the necrotic lesions produced by the fungus on day 20 after inoculation and comparing it with the inoculated control group. Two commercial products were included as references. Analysis of variance and comparative tests of means were performed on the data using the Statistaix 9 program (analysis software, 2008). The results are shown in Table 9 below. Table 9. Antifungal efficacy of Forpel deal with product Efficacy of fungicides (comparison %) 1 Inspection without treatment 2 MCW-296 WG 48 3 MCW-296 WG 78 4 MCW-296 WG 78 5 Orius 70 6 Cuprosan 74

[0335] The product MCW-296 WG (Former) showed a significant difference from the control group. In order to significantly reduce the parameters considered, the Orius and Cuprosan products, which were included as references, were also controlled.

[0336] Product MCW-296 (Former) showed efficacy against apple fruit rot fungus infection at the highest tested dose, with similar efficacy to the reference products: Deklee and basic copper oxychloride. Example 5

[0337] Experiments were conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of phthalimide fungicides (Geptan and Forper) against *Colletotrichum anthracnose* in citrus.

[0338] Experiments were conducted using the formulations of Geptan (Merpan 80 WDG® or Merpan 480 SC®) and / or the formulations of Forper (Folpan 80 WDG® or Stavento®). The formulations were diluted with water. Treatments: Geptan 500, 750, 1000, 1200, 1500 gr (AI) / ha; Forper 500, 750, 1000, 1200, 1500 gr (AI) / ha

[0339] To test the fungicidal control effect against *Colletotrichum anthracnose*, plants were sprayed with the various treatments described above. All treatments were applied under preventative conditions. Each treatment consisted of four replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Statistical significance was assessed using analysis of variance, followed by the Studen-Newman-Cole test, at an alpha level of 0.05. No significant differences were observed when two elements shared the same algebraic notation.

[0340] Evaluation was conducted throughout the experiment. Symptom incidence was examined for 25 leaves in each plot at various time points, and leaf severity was determined. Results were presented as a percentage of the control group, based on a severity rating with a maximum value of 100%.

[0341] Results showed that phthalimide fungicides effectively controlled diseases. Example 6

[0342] Experiments were conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of phthalimine fungicides (Geptan and Forpe) against *Colletotrichum anthracnose* in bananas.

[0343] Experiments were conducted using the formulations of Geptan (Merpan 80 WDG® or Merpan 480 SC®) and / or the formulations of Forper (Folpan 80 WDG® or Stavento®). The formulations were diluted with water. Treatments: Geptan 750, 1000, 1200, 1500 gr (AI) / ha; Forper 750, 1000, 1200, 1500 gr (AI) / ha

[0344] To test the fungicidal control effect against *Colletotrichum anthracnose*, plants were sprayed with the above-described treatments. All treatments were applied under preventative conditions. Each treatment consisted of four replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Statistical significance was assessed using analysis of variance, followed by the Studen-Newman-Cole test, at an alpha level of 0.05. No significant differences were observed when two elements shared the same algebraic notation.

[0345] Evaluation was conducted throughout the experiment. Symptom incidence was examined for 25 leaves in each plot at various time points, and leaf severity was determined. Results were presented as a percentage of the control group, based on a severity rating with a maximum value of 100%.

[0346] Results showed that phthalimide fungicides prevented and controlled diseases. Example 7

[0347] An experiment was conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of the phthalimide fungicide (Former) against *Pseudomonas melaninus* (yellow spot disease) in banana (Cavendish cultivar).

[0348] Experiments were conducted using the forlappe formulation (MCW-296 SC). The candidate products, formulations, active ingredient loadings, and rates used for each treatment are listed in Table 10 below. Table 10. Treatment List deal with product Mixtures grams of active substance applied per ha Product ha 1 Untreated control group Unprocessed - - 2 Soprano Epoxiconazole 125 g / L SC 75 0.6 3 Score Difenoconazole 250 g / L EC 100 0.4 4 Penncozeb DF Zinc-manganese napochrome 750 g / kg DF 1650 2.2 5 MCW 296 SC Forl 500 g / L SC 1000 2 6 Solaris Cyprodinil 300 g / L SC 300 1

[0349] Spray small plots of land using a backpack sprayer calibrated to a water rate of 300 L / ha. Spray the plants to the point of runoff and spray small plots on either side of each row. Application should conform to commercial spraying requirements. There are no conditions that would impair spraying.

[0350] The experimental design was based on a randomized complete block design. Treatment was repeated four (4) times. Each plot had 10 plants, with 8 control plants per plot. Untreated buffer columns were placed on at least one side of each plot to further ensure disease stress and potential infection and to minimize potential drift.

[0351] The efficacy of 8 baseline plants per plot was assessed based on the Disease Severity Index (DSI), with 2 plants acting as buffers between treatments.

[0352] Data were analyzed using statistical programs in Agricultural Research Manager (ARM) v9.1. Analysis of variance was used, and the data were analyzed within 95% confidence intervals. The results are shown in Table 11 below. Table 11. Rating DSI DAA-A 130 Processing Number Processing Name Spraying rate ga / ha 1 Untreated control group 36.06 a 2 Soprano 75 16.02 bcd 3 Score 100 14.03 d 4 Pencozole 1650 26.01 b 5 MCW 296 SC 1000 9.56 d 6 Solaris 300 14.91 cd

[0353] All candidate treatments achieve crop safety levels equivalent to currently registered banana fungicides. No adverse crop safety findings were obtained.

[0354] It was also observed that banana plants treated with Forpe exhibited different greening effects compared to untreated banana plants and banana plants treated with zinc manganese napur.

[0355] In particular, it was observed that the leaves of banana plants treated with forappetizer were greener than those of untreated banana plants and banana plants treated with zinc manganese napur. The greener leaves indicate improved photosynthetic efficiency, which is expected to translate into higher yields and better plant health.

[0356] Formpe 500 SC is an excellent treatment with exceptionally high control accuracy compared to other fungicides that have been tested and found to have no significant phytotoxicity. Example 8a

[0357] An experiment was conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of the phthalimide fungicide (Former) against Fiji coccidioidomyces (black spot disease) in bananas (Williams variety).

[0358] Experiments were conducted using Lanzador® formulations. The candidate products, formulations, active ingredient loadings, and rates used for each treatment are listed in Table 12 below. Table 12. Treatment List: Processing Number Processing Name Mixtures Dose rate fp. L or kg / ha g ai / ha 1 Inspection without treatment - - - 2 Lanzador Forper 500 SC 1 500 3 Nanzhaduo Forper 500 SC 1.25 625 4 Nanzhaduo Forper 500 SC 1.5 750 5 Nanzhaduo Forper 500 SC 1.75 875 6 Dithane 600 Zinc-manganese Naipu 600 1.75 1050

[0359] To test the fungicidal and antifungal effects against *Cyclophorus fijiri*, an experiment was conducted in an open field. Plants were sprayed with water at a volume of 80 L / ha for each of the above treatments. Each treatment was applied once when a 5% disease infection rate was observed. Each treatment consisted of four replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Data were analyzed using variance analysis at 95% confidence intervals.

[0360] Evaluations were conducted throughout the experiment. Infection levels of 5 plants per plot were determined using the Gaulh-modified Stover scale, based on the weighted average of infection rates (PPI). The results are shown in Table 13 below.

[0361] Table 13. Processing Number Mixtures Dose rate (g ai / ha) PPI Stat efficacy of fungicides 1 - - 2.72 c - 2 Forper 500 SC 500 0.7 b 63.46 3 Forper 500 SC 625 0.64 b 68.52 4 Forper 500 SC 750 0.49 a 80.02 5 Forper 500 SC 875 0.48 a 80.44 6 Zinc-manganese Naipu 600 1050 0.5 a 77.41

[0362] Results showed that forlappe provided good control of black spot disease at low doses of 500 and 625 g ai / ha. The efficacy at a dose of 750 g ai / ha was similar to that provided by the reference product based on zinc manganese nauplii. Example 8b

[0363] An experiment was conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of the phthalimide fungicide (Former) against Fiji coccidioidomyces (black spot disease) in bananas.

[0364] Experiments were conducted using Lanzador® formulations. The candidate products, formulations, active ingredient loadings, and rates used for each treatment are listed in Table 14 below. Table 14. Treatment List Processing Number Processing Name Mixtures Dose rate fp. L or kg / ha g ai / ha 1 Inspection without treatment - - - 2 Nanzhaduo Forper 500 SC 1.7 850 3 Vondozeb 62 SC Zinc-manganese Naipu 620 SC 1.94 1202

[0365] To test the fungicidal and control effects against *Fiji coccidioidomyces*, an experiment was conducted in an open field. Plants were sprayed with water at a volume of 23 L / ha for each of the above treatments. All treatments were applied as aqueous solutions without added mineral oil.

[0366] The experimental unit consisted of nine banana plants surrounded by Manila bananas (Musa textilis), a variety resistant to black spot disease, used as boundary plants. The experiment followed a fully randomized design, with each treatment replicated three times. Application was performed every 6 days. All treatments were applied 12 times.

[0367] Evaluate the total number of leaves per plant. At harvest, a large number of leaves are converted into a greater ability to retain fruit after harvest.

[0368] The results also showed that banana plants treated with Forper exhibited a significant greening effect.

[0369] The treatment response to melasma was evaluated using the modified Stover scale by Gauhl.

[0370] Statistical analysis was performed using the INFOSTAT program with multiple comparison test (LSD) for each parameter.

[0371] The results are shown in Table 15 below.

[0372] Table 15. Processing Number Mixtures Dose rate (g ai / ha) Total number of leaves 1 Inspection without treatment - 5.5 2 Nanzhaduo 850 6.2 3 62 SC 1202 6.0

[0373] The results showed that, compared with the untreated and standard reference products based on zinc manganese napur, forpels were able to allow plants to maintain a higher number of leaves per plant.

[0374] The results also showed that banana plants treated with Forpe exhibited a significant greening effect.

[0375] The results also showed that the leaves of banana plants treated with forpel were greener than those of untreated banana plants and banana plants treated with zinc manganese napur.

[0376] Higher leaf count and greener leaves improve photosynthetic efficiency, which is expected to translate into higher yields and better plant health. Example 9

[0377] Experiments were conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of phthalimide fungicides (Geptan and Forper) against Cercospora zeatans in maize.

[0378] Experiments were conducted by applying the composition of Geptan (Merpan 80 WDG® or Merpan 480 SC®) and / or the composition of Forper (Folpan 80 WDG® or Stavento®). The compositions were diluted with water. Treatments: Geptan 500, 750, 1000 gr (AI) / ha; Forper 500, 750, 1000 gr (AI) / ha

[0379] To test the fungicidal control effect against *Cercospora zeylans*, plants were sprayed with the above-mentioned treatments. All treatments were applied under preventative conditions. Each treatment consisted of four replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Statistical significance was assessed using analysis of variance, followed by the Studen-Newman-Cole test, at an alpha level of 0.05. No significant differences were observed when two elements shared the same algebraic notation.

[0380] Evaluation was conducted throughout the experiment. Symptom incidence was examined for 25 leaves in each plot at various time points, and leaf severity was determined. Results were presented as a percentage of the control group, based on a severity rating with a maximum value of 100%.

[0381] Results showed that phthalimides prevented and treated diseases. Example 10

[0382] Experiments were conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of phthalimide fungicides (Geptan, Forpe) against maize leaf spot fungus in maize.

[0383] Experiments were conducted by applying the composition of Geptan (Merpan 80 WDG® or Merpan 480 SC®) and / or the composition of Forper (Folpan 80 WDG® or Stavento®). The compositions were diluted with water. Treatments: Geptan 500, 750, 1000 gr (AI) / ha; Forper 500, 750, 1000 gr (AI) / ha

[0384] To test the fungicidal control effect against maize leaf spot fungus, plants were sprayed with the above-mentioned treatments. All treatments were applied under preventative conditions. Each treatment consisted of four replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Statistical significance was assessed using analysis of variance, followed by the Studen-Newman-Cole test, at an alpha level of 0.05. No significant differences were observed when two elements shared the same algebraic notation.

[0385] Evaluation was conducted throughout the experiment. Symptom incidence was examined for 25 leaves in each plot at various time points, and leaf severity was determined. Results were presented as a percentage of the control group, based on a severity rating with a maximum value of 100%.

[0386] Results showed that phthalimides prevented and treated diseases. Example 11

[0387] Experiments were conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of phthalimide (Geptan, Forpe) against Heterospirobacterium moniliforme in maize.

[0388] Experiments were conducted by applying the composition of Geptan (Merpan 80 WDG® or Merpan 480 SC®) and / or the composition of Forper (Folpan 80 WDG® or Stavento®). The compositions were diluted with water. Treatments: Geptan 500, 750, 1000 gr (AI) / ha; Forper 500, 750, 1000 gr (AI) / ha

[0389] To test the fungicidal control effect against *Colletotrichum anthracnose*, plants were sprayed with the above-described treatments. All treatments were applied under preventative conditions. Each treatment consisted of four replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Statistical significance was assessed using analysis of variance, followed by the Studen-Newman-Cole test, at an alpha level of 0.05. No significant differences were observed when two elements shared the same algebraic notation.

[0390] Evaluation was conducted throughout the experiment. Symptom incidence was examined for 25 leaves in each plot at various time points, and leaf severity was determined. Results were presented as a percentage of control, based on a severity rating with a maximum value of 100%.

[0391] Results showed that phthalimides can prevent and treat diseases. Example 12

[0392] Experiments were conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of phthalimide (Geptan, Forpe) against sugarcane eye spot pathogen in sugarcane.

[0393] Experiments were conducted by applying the composition of Geptan (Merpan® 80 WDG or Merpan® 480 SC) and / or the composition of Forper (Folpan 80 WDG® or Stavento®). The compositions were diluted with water. Treatments: Geptan 500, 750, 1000 gr (AI) / ha; Forper 500, 750, 1000 gr (AI) / ha

[0394] To test the fungicidal control effect against sugarcane eye spot pathogen, plants were sprayed with the above-mentioned treatments. All treatments were applied under preventative conditions. Each treatment consisted of four replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Statistical significance was assessed using analysis of variance, followed by the Studen-Newman-Cole test, at an alpha level of 0.05. No significant differences were observed when two elements shared the same algebraic notation.

[0395] Evaluation was conducted throughout the experiment. Symptom incidence was examined for 25 leaves in each plot at various time points, and leaf severity was determined. Results were presented as a percentage of control, based on a severity rating with a maximum value of 100%.

[0396] Results showed that phthalimides prevented and treated diseases. Example 13

[0397] Experiments were conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of phthalimide (Geptan, Forper) against coffee rust fungus in coffee.

[0398] Experiments were conducted using the formulations of Geptan (Merpan 80 WDG® or Merpan 480 SC®) and / or the formulations of Forper (Folpan 80 WDG® or Stavento®). The formulations were diluted with water. Treatments: Geptan 500, 750, 1000, 1200, 1500 gr (AI) / ha; Forper 500, 750, 1000, 1200, 1500 gr (AI) / ha

[0399] To test the fungicidal control effect against *Camellia coffeeensis* rust, plants were sprayed with the various treatments described above. All treatments were applied under preventative conditions. Each treatment consisted of four replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Statistical significance was assessed using analysis of variance, followed by the Studen-Newman-Cole test, at an alpha level of 0.05. No significant differences were observed when two elements shared the same algebraic notation.

[0400] Evaluation was conducted throughout the experiment. Symptom incidence was examined on 25 leaves from each plot at various time points, and leaf severity was determined. Results were presented as a percentage of control, based on a severity rating with a maximum value of 100%.

[0401] Results show that phthalimides can prevent and treat diseases. Example 14

[0402] An experiment was conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of phthalimide (Geptan, Forper) against cotton rust fungi.

[0403] Experiments were conducted by applying the composition of Geptan (Merpan® 80 WDG or Merpan® 480 SC) and / or the composition of Forper (Folpan® 80 WDG or Stavento®). The compositions were diluted with water. Treatments: Geptan 500, 750, 1000 gr (AI) / ha; Forper 500, 750, 1000 gr (AI) / ha

[0404] To test the fungicidal control effect against cotton rust, plants were sprayed with the above-mentioned treatments. All treatments were applied under preventative conditions. Each treatment consisted of four replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Statistical significance was assessed using analysis of variance, followed by the Studen-Newman-Cole test, at an alpha level of 0.05. No significant differences were observed when two elements shared the same algebraic notation.

[0405] Evaluation was conducted throughout the experiment. Symptom incidence was examined for 25 leaves in each plot at various time points, and leaf severity was determined. Results were presented as a percentage of the control group, based on a severity rating with a maximum value of 100%.

[0406] Results showed that phthalimides can prevent and treat diseases. Example 15

[0407] An experiment was conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of phthalimide (Geptan, Forper) against cotton cotyl ethers.

[0408] Experiments were conducted by applying the composition of Geptan (Merpan® 80 WDG or Merpan® 480 SC) and / or the composition of Forper (Folpan® 80 WDG or Stavento®). The compositions were diluted with water. Treatments: Geptan 500, 750, 1000 gr (AI) / ha; Forper 500, 750, 1000 gr (AI) / ha

[0409] To test the fungicidal control effect against cottony mildew, plants were sprayed with the various treatments described above. All treatments were applied under preventative conditions. Each treatment consisted of four replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Statistical significance was assessed using analysis of variance, followed by the Studen-Newman-Cole test, at an alpha level of 0.05. No significant differences were observed when two elements shared the same algebraic notation.

[0410] Evaluation was conducted throughout the experiment. Symptom incidence was examined for 25 leaves in each plot at various time points, and leaf severity was determined. Results were presented as a percentage of the control group, based on a severity rating with a maximum value of 100%.

[0411] Results showed that phthalimides can prevent and treat diseases. Example 16

[0412] An experiment was conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of phthalimide (Geptan, Forpe) against Rhizoctonia solani in rice.

[0413] Experiments were conducted by applying the composition of Geptan (Merpan® 80 WDG or Merpan® 480 SC) and / or the composition of Forper (Folpan 80 WDG® or Stavento®). The compositions were diluted with water. Treatments: Geptan 500, 750, 1000, 1200, 1500 gr (AI) / ha; Forper 500, 750, 1000, 1200, 1500 gr (AI) / ha

[0414] To test the fungicidal control effect against Rhizoctonia solani, plants were sprayed with the above-mentioned treatments. All treatments were applied under preventative conditions. Each treatment consisted of four replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Statistical significance was assessed using analysis of variance, followed by the Studen-Newman-Cole test, at an alpha level of 0.05. No significant differences were observed when two elements shared the same algebraic notation.

[0415] Evaluation was conducted throughout the experiment. Symptom incidence was examined for 25 leaves in each plot at various time points, and leaf severity was determined. Results were presented as a percentage of the control group, based on a severity rating with a maximum value of 100%.

[0416] Results showed that phthalimides can prevent and treat diseases. Example 17

[0417] An experiment was conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of phthalimide (Geptan, Forpe) against *Pyrrosia lingua* in rice.

[0418] Experiments were conducted by applying the composition of Geptan (Merpan® 80 WDG or Merpan® 480 SC) and / or the composition of Forper (Folpan 80 WDG® or Stavento®). The compositions were diluted with water. Treatments: Geptan 500, 750, 1000, 1200, 1500 gr (AI) / ha; Forper 500, 750, 1000, 1200, 1500 gr (AI) / ha

[0419] To test the fungicidal control effect against *Pyrrosia lingua*, plants were sprayed with the various treatments described above. All treatments were applied under preventative conditions. Each treatment consisted of four replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Statistical significance was assessed using analysis of variance, followed by the Studen-Newman-Cole test, at an alpha level of 0.05. No significant differences were observed when two elements shared the same algebraic notation.

[0420] Evaluation was conducted throughout the experiment. Symptom incidence was examined on 25 leaves from each plot at various time points, and leaf severity was determined. Results were presented as a percentage of the control group, based on a severity rating with a maximum value of 100%.

[0421] Results show that phthalimides can prevent and treat diseases. Example 18

[0422] An experiment was conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of the phthalimide fungicide (Former) against chickpea pod spores in legumes.

[0423] Experiments were conducted using the forlappe formulation (MCW-296 SC). The candidate products, formulations, active ingredient loadings, and rates used for each treatment are listed in Table 16 below. Table 16. Treatment List Processing Number Processing Name Mixtures Dose rate fp. L or kg / ha g ai / ha 1 Inspection without treatment - - - 2 MCW-296 SC Forper 500 SC 1 500 3 MCW-296 SC Forper 500 SC 1.5 750 4 MCW-296 SC Forper 500 SC 2 1000 5 Standard reference product

[0424] To test the fungicidal control effect against chickpea pod scab, plants were sprayed with the above-described treatments. All treatments were applied under preventative conditions. Each treatment consisted of four replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Statistical significance was assessed using analysis of variance, followed by the Studen-Newman-Cole test, at an alpha level of 0.05. No significant differences were observed when two elements shared the same algebraic notation.

[0425] Evaluation was conducted throughout the experiment. Symptom incidence was examined on 25 leaves from each plot at various time points, and leaf severity was determined. Results were presented as a percentage of the control group, based on a severity rating with a maximum value of 100%.

[0426] Results showed that phthalimides can prevent and treat diseases. Example 19

[0427] An experiment was conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of the phthalimide fungicide (Former) against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in legumes.

[0428] Experiments were conducted using the formulation (MCW-296 SC). The candidate products, formulations, active ingredient loadings, and rates used for each treatment are listed in Table 17 below. Table 17. Treatment List Processing list Processing Name Mixtures Dose rate fp. L or kg / ha g ai / ha 1 Inspection without treatment - - - 2 MCW-296 SC Forper 500 SC 1 500 3 MCW-296 SC Forper 500 SC 1.5 750 4 MCW-296 SC Forper 500 SC 2 1000 5 Standard reference product

[0429] To test the fungicidal control effect against *Sclerotinia sclerotiorum*, plants were sprayed with the above-mentioned treatments. All treatments were applied under preventative conditions. Each treatment consisted of four replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Statistical significance was assessed using analysis of variance, followed by the Studen-Newman-Cole test, at an alpha level of 0.05. No significant differences were observed when two elements shared the same algebraic notation.

[0430] Evaluation was conducted throughout the experiment. Symptom incidence was examined for 25 leaves in each plot at various time points, and leaf severity was determined. Results were presented as a percentage of the control group, based on a severity rating with a maximum value of 100%.

[0431] Results showed that phthalimides can prevent and treat diseases. Example 20

[0432] An experiment was conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of the phthalimide fungicide (Former) against Staphylococcus aureus in legumes.

[0433] Experiments were conducted using a suspension composition (MCW-296 SC) of solid particulate forappetite in an aqueous carrier. Candidate products, formulations, active ingredient loadings, and rates for each treatment are listed in Table 18 below. Table 18. Treatment List Processing Number Processing Name Mixtures Dose rate fp. L or kg / ha g ai / ha 1 Inspection without treatment - - - 2 MCW-296 SC Forper 500 SC 1 500 3 MCW-296 SC Forper 500 SC 1.5 750 4 MCW-296 SC Forper 500 SC 2 1000 5 Standard reference product

[0434] To test the fungicidal effect against *Botrytis cinerea*, plants were sprayed with the various treatments described above. All treatments were applied under preventative conditions. Each treatment consisted of four replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Statistical significance was assessed using analysis of variance, followed by the Studen-Newman-Cole test, at an alpha level of 0.05. No significant differences were observed when two elements shared the same algebraic notation.

[0435] Evaluation was conducted throughout the experiment. Symptom incidence was examined for 25 leaves in each plot at various time points, and leaf severity was determined. Results were presented as a percentage of the control group, based on a severity rating with a maximum value of 100%.

[0436] Results showed that phthalimides prevented and treated diseases. Example 21

[0437] Experiments were conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of phthalimide fungicides (Geptan, Forper) against Staphylococcus aureus in OSR.

[0438] Experiments were conducted by applying the composition of Geptan (Merpan® 80 WDG or Merpan® 480 SC) and / or the composition of Forper (Folpan® 80 WDG or Stavento®). The compositions were diluted with water. Treatments: Geptan 500, 750, 1000 gr (AI) / ha; Forper 500, 750, 1000 gr (AI) / ha

[0439] To test the fungicidal control effect against *Botrytis cinerea*, plants were sprayed with the various treatments described above. All treatments were applied under preventative conditions. Each treatment consisted of four replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Statistical significance was assessed using analysis of variance, followed by the Studen-Newman-Cole test, at an alpha level of 0.05. No significant differences were observed when two elements shared the same algebraic notation.

[0440] Evaluation was conducted throughout the experiment. Symptom incidence was examined for 25 leaves in each plot at various time points, and leaf severity was determined. Results were presented as a percentage of control, based on a severity rating with a maximum value of 100%.

[0441] Results showed that phthalimides prevented and treated diseases. Example 22

[0442] Experiments were conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of phthalimide (Geptan, Forpe) against Phytophthora in cocoa.

[0443] Experiments were conducted by applying the composition of Geptan (Merpan® 80 WDG or Merpan® 480 SC) and / or the composition of Forper (Folpan® 80 WDG or Stavento®). The compositions were diluted with water. Treatments: Geptan 500, 750, 1000, 1200, 1500 gr (AI) / ha; Forper 500, 750, 1000, 1200, 1500 gr (AI) / ha

[0444] To test the fungicidal control effect against Phytophthora, plants were sprayed with the various treatments described above. All treatments were applied under preventative conditions. Each treatment consisted of four replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Statistical significance was assessed using analysis of variance, followed by the Studen-Newman-Cole test, at an alpha level of 0.05. No significant differences were observed when two elements shared the same algebraic notation.

[0445] Evaluation was conducted throughout the experiment. Symptom incidence was examined for 25 leaves in each plot at various time points, and leaf severity was determined. Results were presented as a percentage of the control group, based on a severity rating with a maximum value of 100%.

[0446] Results showed that phthalimides prevented and treated diseases. Example 23

[0447] Experiments were conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of solid particulate components (Geptan, Forpe) of phthalimide fungicides against Sclerotinia spp. in soybean.

[0448] Experiments were conducted by applying the composition of Geptan (Merpan® 80 WDG or Merpan® 480 SC) and / or the composition of Forper (Folpan 80 WDG® or Stavento®). The compositions were diluted with water. Treatments: Geptan 500, 750, 1000, 1200, 1500 gr (AI) / ha; Forper 500, 750, 1000, 1200, 1500 gr (AI) / ha

[0449] To test the fungicidal control effect against *Sclerotinia sclerotiorum*, plants were sprayed with the above-mentioned treatments. All treatments were applied under preventative conditions. Each treatment consisted of four replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Statistical significance was assessed using analysis of variance, followed by the Studen-Newman-Cole test, at an alpha level of 0.05. No significant differences were observed when two elements shared the same algebraic notation.

[0450] Evaluation was conducted throughout the experiment. Symptom incidence was examined for 25 leaves in each plot at various time points, and leaf severity was determined. Results were presented as a percentage of the control group, based on a severity rating with a maximum value of 100%.

[0451] Results showed that phthalimides prevented and treated diseases. Example 24

[0452] Experiments were conducted to evaluate the fungicidal activity of phthalimide fungicides (Geptan, Forpe) against the rust fungus of the soybean tuber layer.

[0453] Experiments were conducted by applying the composition of Geptan (Merpan® 80 WDG or Merpan® 480 SC) and / or the composition of Forper (Folpan 80 WDG® or Stavento®). The compositions were diluted with water. Treatments: Geptan 500, 750, 1000, 1200, 1500 gr (AI) / ha; Forper 500, 750, 1000, 1200, 1500 gr (AI) / ha

[0454] To test the fungicidal control effect against *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* rust, plants were sprayed with the above-mentioned treatments. All treatments were applied under preventative conditions. Each treatment consisted of four replicates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Statistical significance was assessed using analysis of variance, followed by the Studen-Newman-Cole test, at an alpha level of 0.05. No significant differences were observed when two elements shared the same algebraic notation.

[0455] Evaluation was conducted throughout the experiment. Symptom incidence was examined for 25 leaves in each plot at various time points, and leaf severity was determined. Results were presented as a percentage of control, based on a severity rating with a maximum value of 100%.

[0456] Results showed that phthalimide can prevent and treat diseases. [Simplified Explanation of the Diagram]

[0020] Figure 1. Percentage efficacy of MCW 296 WG (Former) against *Spilocea oleagina* (orange lentigines) in olives when applied at different rates. Figure 2. Percentage efficacy of Merpan (captan) against *Spilocea oleagina* (orange lentigines) in olives when applied at different rates.

Claims

1. A method for treating a crop (A) or a site to resist infection by a fungal pathogen (I), the method comprising applying an amount of an orthophthalimide-active fungicide to the crop or site to thereby treat the crop or site to resist infection by the fungal pathogen, wherein the crop (A) is selected from the group consisting of olives, apples, and bananas, and any combination thereof, and the fungal pathogen (I) is selected from the group consisting of: *Venturia oleagina*, *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*, *Colletotrichum sp.*, *Pseudocercospora musae*, *Mycosphaerella fijiensis*, and *Phlyctema*. The phthalimide fungicide is selected from Captan or Folpet or a combination thereof, and is applied as a diluted formulation containing 0.01 to 20% by weight of the active fungicide at a rate from 0.1 g ai / ha to 1500 g ai / ha.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the diluted application form of the formulation contains 0.01 to 5% by weight of an active fungicide, and a. the crop is olive, and wherein the fungal pathogen is selected from the group consisting of *Spilocea oleagina*, *Spilocea* spp., *Spilocea oleagina*, and *Spilocea oleagina*, or b. the crop is olive, and wherein the fungal pathogen is *Spilocea oleagina*, or c. the crop is olive, the fungal pathogen is *Spilocea oleagina*, which is olive peafowl disease, and the phthalimide fungicide is Geptan or Forbade, and wherein the phthalimide fungicide is present in concentrations of 23.91 g ai / hL, 33.47 g ai / hL, 46.86 g ai / hL, 65.6 g ai / hL, or 91.84 g ai / hL. The active fungicide is applied in a diluted form of a formulation of 128.57 g ai / hL, 180 g ai / hL, 252 g ai / hL, 352 g ai / hL, or 493.92 g ai / hL, or d. The crop is olive, and the fungal pathogen is *Aureobasidium rubescens*, and i. the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate from 0.1 g ai / ha to 500 g ai / ha, and / or ii. the phthalimide fungicide is a phthalimide fungicide (Formpe), which is applied at a rate of 375 g ai / ha, or e. The crop is apple, and the fungal pathogen is *Aureobasidium rubescens*, wherein... i. The phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate from 0.1 g ai / ha to 500 g ai / ha, and / or ii. The phthalimide fungicide is a phthalimide fungicide (Formpe) applied at a rate of 375 g ai / ha.

3. A method for treating a crop (A) or a location against infection by a fungal pathogen (I), comprising applying an amount of phthalimide fungicide to the crop or location to treat the crop or location against infection by the fungal pathogen, wherein the crop (A) is a banana, and the fungal pathogen (I) is selected from the group consisting of: *Pseudomonas a banana*, *Colococcus feijiense*, *Fusarium* sp., *Colletotrichum anthracis*, and *Colletotrichum anthracis*, and any combination thereof, wherein the phthalimide fungicide is selected from galvanophthalamide or forapple, or combinations thereof, and is applied at a ratio from 0.1 g ai / ha to 1500 g ai / ha, wherein... a. The fungal pathogen is *Cercospora fijiri*, and the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of 500 to 1500 g ai / ha. b. The fungal pathogen is *Cercospora fijiri*, which causes black spot disease. The phthalimide fungicide is Forpe, the banana variety is Willliams, and Forpe is applied at a rate of 500, 625, 750, or 875 g ai / ha. c. The fungal pathogen is *Pseudomonas maculatus*, and the phthalimide fungicide is applied at a rate of 500 to 1500 g ai / ha with a water content of 300 L / ha, such that each 300 L contains 1000 grams of active substance.

4. A method for safely treating a crop or site against fungal pathogen infection, comprising applying to the crop or site a quantity of a solid particulate phthalimide fungicide to treat the crop or site against fungal infection without causing significant or measurable phytotoxic damage to the crop, wherein the crop is an olive crop, an apple crop, or a banana crop, wherein the fungal pathogen is *Colletotrichum anthracnose*, *Colletotrichum anthracnose* spp., *Aureobasidium maculata*, *Aureobasidium oleracea*, *Aureobasidium oleracea*, *Aureobasidium faecium*, *Aureobasidium feisense*, *Aureobasidium feisense*, or *Fusarium* spp., and wherein the method comprises application such that the solid particulate phthalimide fungicide is applied as an aqueous suspension at the following ratios, wherein the application form comprises a solid particulate phthalimide fungicide for safely combating diseases caused by fungal pathogens to crops: 1) 60±10% g ai / ha to 600±10% g ai / ha, 2) 700±10% to 800±10% g ai / ha, 3) from 400 to 1500 g ai / ha, where the ratio is 400 g ai / ha, 4) between 450 and 550 g ai / ha, 5) 500±10% g ai / ha, 6) 625±10% g ai / ha, or 7) 600±10% g ai / ha, wherein "no significant phytotoxicity" means that the application of this method has no harmful crop safety research results, which is achieved by applying a phthalimide fungicide selected from forper, gaprozin or combinations thereof in solid particulate form.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the solid particulate phthalimide fungicide composition is in the form of a concentrate of a composition containing between about 2% and 80% by weight or between about 5% and 70% by weight of an active fungicide, which is diluted to an application form prior to application, wherein the application form is prepared by adding water to an emulsion concentrate, suspension, paste, wettable powder or water-dispersible particles (WG) to contain 0.01 to 20% by weight or 0.01 to 5% by weight of an active fungicide in the application form, wherein the term "about" means ±10% of the specified value.

6. The method of claim 4 or 5, wherein the method is a fungicidal activity method of phthalimide fungicides (former and gaiptan) against olive black spot fungus (olive lenticel spot) in olive leaves, wherein the method is carried out by applying a gaiptan composition containing 800 g / kg or 480 g / kg of gaiptan and former to olive leaves, wherein the gaiptan composition contains 800 g / kg of former as an application form, wherein the application form comprises the composition diluted to an aqueous suspension of gaiptan or former selected from the following application forms: 1) 23.91 g ai / hL (0.24 g / L); 2) 33.47 g ai / hL (0.35 g ai / L); 3) 46.86 g ai / hL (0.47 g / L); 4) 65.6 g ai / hL (0.66 g ai / hL). ai / L); 5) 91.84g ai / hL (0.92g / L); 6) 128.57 g ai / hL (1.29g ai / L); 7) 180g ai / hL (1.8g / L); 8) 252g ai / hL (2.52g ai / L); 9) 352g ai / hL (3.52g / L); and 10) 493.92g ai / hL (4.94g ai / L).

7. The method of claim 4 or 5, wherein the method is a method for the fungicidal activity of a phthalimide fungicide (Formpe) against one of the fungal pathogens, *Fructus appleiculatus*, which is a vector for olive leprosy caused by the fungal pathogen, wherein the method is carried out by applying the composition of Formpe WG 800 g / Kg to apple or olive crops, wherein... The method includes an application form comprising the composition applied by spraying it onto apple or olive plants at a ratio of 375 g active substance / ha or 750 g active substance / ha, the composition being diluted to 800 g / kg of product containing 47 g / hL, 94 g / hL or 188 g / hL.

8. The method of claim 4 or 5, wherein the crop is banana or banana (William variety), the method being the fungicidal activity of a phthalimide fungicide (Formpe) against the fungal pathogen *Cyclocarya feijiensis*, and the disease caused by the fungal pathogen being black spot, wherein the method is carried out by: 1) applying a composition of Formpe SC 500 g / L to banana (William variety) crops to resist *Cyclocarya feijiensis* when the plants show a 5% disease infection rate, wherein the method comprises a spraying in an application form with a water volume equal to 80 L / ha, the application form comprising the Formpe SC 500 g / L composition, such that 500 g ai / ha, 625 g ai / ha, 750 g ai / ha, or 875 g ai / ha are applied; or 2) applying a composition of Formpe SC 500 g / L to banana crops and Manila bananas (Musa textilis). To combat Fiji coccidioidomyces, the method comprises 12 applications of a water volume equal to 23 L / ha, the application comprising the Forpe SC 500 g / L composition in an aqueous solution without added mineral oil, applied every 6 days for a total of 12 applications, resulting in an application of 850 g ai / ha.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the phthalimide fungicide is selected from Geptan or Forpe or a combination thereof, and is applied as a diluted form of a formulation containing 0.01 to 5% by weight of an active fungicide at a ratio of 0.1 g ai / ha to 1500 g ai / ha.

10. A method for treating crops or a site to resist fungal pathogen infection, wherein the method is a method for the fungicidal activity of a phthalimide fungicide against the fungal pathogen *Fungiformis rubrum*, wherein the method is carried out by applying a composition of water-dispersible granules (WG) at 800 g ai / kg to apple or olive crops, wherein... The method includes an application form comprising a composition applied by spraying onto apple or olive plants at a ratio of 375 g / ha or 750 g / ha, the composition being diluted to a concentration of 800 g / kg product at 47 g / hL, 94 g / hL, or 188 g / hL.

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