Metalized plastic heat shield enclosure for heated inlet manifold for residual gas analyzer systems, apparatus, and methods

Abstract

The present invention provides an adiabatic gas inlet assembly comprising a gas inlet assembly disposed on an instrument manifold and a metallized housing disposed at least partially on at least one of the gas inlet assembly and the instrument manifold, wherein the metallized housing comprises a metal layer disposed on a molded plastic housing. A method for controlling the temperature of a residual gas analyzer is also provided, comprising: providing a residual gas analyzer having an instrument manifold and a gas inlet assembly having a gas inlet chassis; positioning a heating element on the gas inlet chassis, the heating element being thermally coupled to the gas inlet chassis; disposing at least partially on at least one of the gas inlet chassis and the instrument manifold; and guiding an electric current through a conduit to the heating element to generate a temperature gradient across the gas inlet chassis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a residual gas analyzer (RGA) for applications including, but not limited to, semiconductor and display manufacturing. Specifically, this invention relates to a residual gas analyzer having a heating element and a heat-insulating housing. Prior Technology

[0002] Residual gas analyzers (RGAs) play a multifaceted role in semiconductor manufacturing. One of their primary functions is their ability to act as highly sensitive leak detectors. Semiconductor fabrication often involves a series of deposition and etching steps performed in carefully maintained vacuum chambers. Even the slightest crack in these chambers can allow air, moisture, or other contaminants to infiltrate, potentially compromising the complex layers that form the foundation of a semiconductor device. RGAs have the ability to quickly identify trace amounts of these unwanted gases, signaling the presence of a leak and enabling timely corrective action. This conserves valuable time and resources, minimizing the risk of batch damage to semiconductors.

[0003] In addition, RGAs are used to identify and monitor process contaminants in applications such as semiconductor and display manufacturing. Semiconductor manufacturing typically requires the use of reactive gases and chemical vapors as part of deposition, etching, and cleaning processes. RGAs monitor residual gas compositions within vacuum chambers to track the accumulation of these process gases or their byproducts. This information provides a basis for chamber maintenance and cleaning cycles and offers indicators that suggest a process step may not be performed as intended. Detecting these deviations is crucial for maintaining product quality and ensuring the consistency of semiconductor devices.

[0004] RGA's capabilities extend to the realm of process optimization. By carefully examining the evolution of the gas composition within a vacuum chamber during a manufacturing process, engineers can gather a wealth of data. This data allows for fine-tuning of critical parameters such as gas flow rates, power levels used in plasma etching, or the timing of various process steps. The insights provided by RGA enable manufacturers to improve their production yields while enhancing the performance of the semiconductor devices they create.

[0005] Residual gas analyzers (RGAs) occupy an important position in the field of analytical instruments, especially in environments characterized by high vacuum and ultra-high vacuum conditions.

[0006] The initial steps within an RGA involve the ionization of neutral gas molecules. In this procedure, an electron beam, typically generated via a thermionic emission filament, is accelerated toward the residual gas sample. Collisions between high-energy electrons and gas molecules cause electrons to be ejected from the gas molecules, thus producing positively charged ions. The efficiency of the ionization procedure varies depending on the electron energy and the specific ionization cross-section of the gas species.

[0007] After gas ionization, RGA uses mass filtration to separate ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio. Quadrupole mass filters represent the most widely used type of mass filter in RGA. A quadrupole mass filter comprises four parallel cylindrical rods arranged in a square configuration. Radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) voltages are superimposed on opposing rod pairs, thereby generating a complex oscillating electric field within the quadrupole assembly. Only ions with a specific m / z ratio will maintain a stable trajectory through the quadrupole filter under the influence of the applied voltage. By systematically varying the RF and DC voltages, the quadrupole can be used as a mass spectrometer, allowing ions with different m / z ratios to pass through the filter sequentially.

[0008] After leaving the mass filter, the ions immediately impact a detector. The Faraday cup and electron multiplier are two main types of detectors used in RGA. A Faraday cup operates based on the principle of direct charge collection. Ions impacting the Faraday cup induce a small current, the magnitude of which is proportional to the ion abundance. On the other hand, an electron multiplier amplifies the ion signal through secondary electron emission using a series of dynodes. Compared to the Faraday cup, this amplification process provides the electron multiplier with higher sensitivity.

[0009] The output from the RGA detector is an electrical signal that fluctuates as a function of the scanned mass-to-charge ratio. This signal is amplified, digitized, and processed by a computer system. The resulting mass spectrum displays the relative abundance of ions as a function of the ion mass-to-charge ratio, thus providing a qualitative and quantitative fingerprint of the residual gas composition.

[0010] Semiconductor-based processes heat gases used in process chemistry. If hot gas enters a cold inlet, process byproducts can condense in the inlet or on the sensor. When sampling a gas from a specific semiconductor process, the gas sample needs to be kept hot to prevent deposition or contamination of the inlet and sensor. Without a means to maintain the gas sample temperature above a critical limit, this unwanted deposition can clog the flow path and damage the sensor.

[0011] Current solutions use a heater jacket wrapped around the outside of the instrument. This results in cold spots due to insufficient surface contact between the inlet and the jacket, and unpredictable internal temperature variations caused by the poor thermal conductivity of steel. Furthermore, using a heater jacket requires dedicated space, hindering compact RGA instrument designs. External heating jackets also use rubber compounds, which can escape gases and generate unwanted particles in a cleanroom environment. Additionally, the poor thermal conductivity of steel can lead to cold spots in external heating jackets. Current technology using other solutions with internal heaters mounted on or within the gas inlet chassis only allows heating of one gas flow path corresponding to a single gas sample pressure.

[0012] Therefore, a gas inlet assembly design is still needed to ensure that high temperatures are maintained for one or more gas paths passing through the gas inlet assembly controlled by in-line gas valves. Such designs allow gas to flow through the RGA instrument at different pressures and also provide calibration using a reference gas source, which is desirable. Summary of the Invention

[0013] Disclosed is an adiabatic gas inlet assembly comprising a gas inlet assembly mounted on an instrument manifold and a metallized housing at least partially mounted on the gas inlet assembly. Further disclosed is that the metallized housing may further comprise: one or more heating elements thermally mounted on a gas inlet chassis; a metal layer disposed on a molded plastic housing; a metal layer bonded to the molded plastic housing; and / or an insulating layer disposed between the metal layer and the molded plastic housing; or any combination thereof.

[0014] Also disclosed is an insulated instrument manifold assembly, comprising an instrument manifold and a metallized housing at least partially disposed on a gas inlet assembly or the instrument manifold. Further disclosure reveals that the metallized housing may further include: one or more heating elements thermally mounted on a gas inlet chassis; a metal layer disposed on a molded plastic housing; a metal layer bonded to a molded plastic housing; and / or an insulating layer disposed between the metal layer and the molded plastic housing; or any combination thereof.

[0015] Further disclosure reveals a residual gas analyzer comprising an instrument manifold, a gas inlet assembly disposed on the instrument manifold, and a metallized housing at least partially disposed on a gas inlet chassis, partially disposed on the instrument manifold, or a combination thereof. Further disclosure reveals that the metallized housing may further include: one or more heating elements thermally mounted on the gas inlet chassis; a metal layer disposed on a molded plastic housing; a metal layer bonded to a molded plastic housing; and / or an insulating layer disposed between the metal layer and the molded plastic housing.

[0016] A method for controlling the temperature of a residual gas analyzer is further disclosed, comprising: providing a residual gas analyzer, an instrument manifold, a gas inlet assembly disposed on the instrument manifold, a heating element thermally disposed on a gas inlet chassis, and a metallized housing at least partially disposed on the gas inlet chassis, partially disposed on the instrument manifold, or a combination thereof; and guiding a current through a conduit to at least one heating element to generate a temperature gradient across the gas inlet chassis. It is further disclosed that the current to the heating element can be adjusted by a controller.

[0017] Further disclosed is an apparatus for maintaining an elevated programmable gas temperature in a residual gas analyzer, comprising a component for heating a gas inlet chassis, an instrumentation manifold, or a combination thereof, and a metallized housing at least partially disposed on the gas inlet chassis, the instrumentation manifold, or the combination thereof to prevent heat loss. Further disclosed is that the metallized housing may further comprise a metal layer disposed on a molded plastic housing.

[0018] Further disclosed is a method for manufacturing a metallized housing for maintaining an elevated program gas temperature in a residual gas analyzer. The method includes providing an injection-molded plastic housing within an inner surface and placing a metal on the inner surface of the injection-molded plastic housing. The metal is further disclosed to be aluminum or an aluminum alloy; the plastic housing comprises acrylic acid, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, nylon, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polyoxymethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, thermoplastic elastomer, or thermoplastic polyurethane, or a combination thereof; the metal may be placed on the inner surface of the injection-molded plastic housing by physical vapor deposition; and / or the metal may be placed on the inner surface of the injection-molded plastic housing by chemical vapor deposition.

[0019] In one exemplary embodiment, a residual gas analyzer includes an instrument manifold, a gas inlet assembly disposed on the instrument manifold, and a metallized housing disposed at least partially on at least one of the gas inlet assembly and the instrument manifold, wherein the metallized housing includes a metal layer disposed on a plastic housing.

[0020] In some embodiments, the residual gas analyzer further includes at least one heating element thermally disposed in the gas inlet assembly.

[0021] In some cases, the metallized housing further includes an insulating layer disposed between the metal layer and the molded plastic housing.

[0022] In a particular embodiment, the metallized housing is at least partially disposed on the gas inlet assembly. In an additional embodiment, the metallized housing is at least partially disposed on the instrument manifold.

[0023] In some embodiments, the metallized casing does not substantially contain a bonding material.

[0024] In a particular embodiment, the plastic shell system is a molded plastic shell.

[0025] The metal layer can be deposited on the plastic housing via either physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition.

[0026] The metal layer may be made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The plastic shell may be made of acrylic acid, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, nylon, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polyoxymethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, thermoplastic elastomer or thermoplastic polyurethane or a combination thereof.

[0027] In some embodiments, the metallized housing is positioned at a distance from one of the outer surfaces of the gas inlet assembly and / or one of the outer surfaces of the instrument manifold.

[0028] A further provision provides an apparatus for maintaining an elevated programmable gas temperature in a residual gas analyzer, comprising: at least one heating element disposed on at least one of a gas inlet chassis and an instrumentation manifold; and a metallized housing at least partially disposed on at least one of the gas inlet chassis and the instrumentation manifold to prevent heat loss. The metallized housing includes a metal layer disposed on a plastic housing, and the at least one heating element is spaced apart from the metallized housing.

[0029] In some embodiments, the metallized housing includes a metallized gas inlet housing and a metallized instrument manifold housing, and the device further includes at least one connector for detachably coupling the metallized gas inlet housing and the metallized instrument manifold housing.

[0030] In a particular embodiment, the metallized casing substantially does not contain a bonding material.

[0031] A method for controlling the temperature of a residual gas analyzer is further provided, comprising the steps of: providing a residual gas analyzer having an instrument manifold and a gas inlet assembly disposed on the instrument manifold, wherein the gas inlet assembly has a gas inlet chassis; positioning at least one heating element on the gas inlet chassis, the at least one heating element being thermally coupled to the gas inlet chassis; disposing at least partially of a metallized housing on at least one of the gas inlet chassis and the instrument manifold; and guiding a current through a conduit to the at least one heating element to generate a temperature gradient across the gas inlet chassis.

[0032] In some embodiments, the current going to the at least one heating element is adjusted by a controller.

[0033] In a particular embodiment, the metallized housing is positioned at a distance from the gas inlet assembly and / or the instrument manifold.

[0034] In some embodiments, the method also includes the steps of: providing an injection-molded plastic housing having an inner surface; and placing a metal on the inner surface of the injection-molded plastic housing to produce the metallized housing.

[0035] In some of these embodiments, the metal is disposed on the inner surface of the molded plastic housing by physical vapor deposition. In additional embodiments, the metal is disposed on the inner surface of the molded plastic housing by chemical vapor deposition. Simple Explanation of the Diagram

[0036] The features of this application can be better understood by referring to the drawings and the scope of the claim set forth below. These drawings are not necessarily to scale, but generally serve to illustrate the principles set forth herein. Throughout the drawings, similar numbers are used to indicate similar parts.

[0037] Figure 1 illustrates exemplary components of a manufacturing process according to one or more illustrative embodiments of the present invention, the exemplary components including a residual gas analyzer and a gas inlet assembly.

[0038] Figure 2 shows a perspective view of a residual gas analyzer comprising a gas inlet assembly according to one or more illustrative embodiments of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 shows a block diagram of a gas inlet assembly according to one or more illustrative embodiments of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of one of the heating jackets according to one or more illustrative embodiments of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 5 shows a perspective view of one of the heating elements according to one or more illustrative embodiments of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 6A shows a cross-sectional view of an exemplary component of a metallized housing of a gas inlet assembly according to one or more illustrative embodiments of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 6B shows a cross-sectional view of an exemplary component of a metallized housing of an instrument manifold according to one or more illustrative embodiments of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 7A illustrates an example sectional view of one of the double-layer metallized shells according to one or more illustrative embodiments of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 7B illustrates an example sectional view of one of the three-layer metallized shells according to one or more illustrative embodiments of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 7C illustrates an example sectional view of one of the multilayer metallized housings according to one or more illustrative embodiments of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 8 shows a simulated temperature distribution in a longitudinal cross-section of an exemplary gas inlet assembly and manifold according to one or more illustrative embodiments of the present invention, the exemplary gas inlet assembly and manifold including a heating element disposed in a gas inlet chassis having a metallized housing.

[0048] Figure 9 shows a simulated temperature distribution in a longitudinal cross-section of an exemplary gas inlet assembly and manifold according to one or more illustrative embodiments of the present invention, the exemplary gas inlet assembly and manifold including a heating element disposed in a gas inlet chassis having a metallized housing, the figure illustrating convective heat reflection.

[0049] Figure 10A shows a horizontal cross-sectional view of a residual gas analyzer according to one or more illustrative embodiments of the present invention, the residual gas analyzer including a gas inlet assembly and an instrument manifold having a metallized cap.

[0050] Figure 10B shows a vertical cross-sectional view of one of the residual gas analyzers of Figure 10A, which includes an instrument manifold with a metallized cap. Implementation

[0051] [Cross-reference to related applications] [ ] This application claims the benefit and priority of U.S. Provisional Patent 63 / 565,087, filed March 14, 2024, entitled “METALIZED PLASTIC HEAT SHIELD ENCLOSURE FOR HEATED INLET MANIFOLD”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0052] The inventors have surprisingly discovered that a heating element can be integrated into a gas inlet path assembly with multiple gas paths, thus eliminating the need for a heater jacket. This gas inlet assembly design allows for flexible sampling of multiple pressures by drawing gas along different flow paths. In some exemplary embodiments, the gas inlet chassis can be heated by an integrated cartridge heater drilled into the center of the inlet, allowing the heat source to be directly adjacent to the gas flow path. Temperature measurements can also be performed within the gas inlet chassis, and a controller can be used to control and monitor the temperature, thereby reducing cold spots and ensuring heat delivery to optimize the generation of the heated gas sample for the mass spectrometer. Integrated control ensures accurate temperature, which can be adjusted according to the application.

[0053] Many vapor phase fabrication and processing configurations benefit from the addition of a residual gas analyzer (RGA), which typically includes a quadrupole mass spectrometer. As quadrupole gas analyzer technology becomes more affordable, RGAs are becoming ubiquitous in all industries requiring stringent control of process gas contamination levels, such as semiconductor and display processing. For example, in the semiconductor industry, RGAs are optimally used in evaporators, sputtering machines, etchers, or any other high-vacuum systems typically evacuated to pressures below 10⁻⁵ Torr to check the integrity of the vacuum seal and the quality of the vacuum before any wafer is put into processing. Air leaks, virtual leaks, and many other contaminants at very low levels can damage wafers and must be detected before a process begins. As semiconductor processes become increasingly complex, their tolerance to contaminants decreases. Residual gas analysis in a processing chamber increases uptime and production yield while reducing the cost of ownership.

[0054] Figure 1 shows an exemplary functional block diagram of a gas-phase vacuum process incorporated with a residual gas analyzer 150. The processing chamber 100 is connected to a vacuum pump 115 via an exhaust duct 102, which may include a throttle valve 105. Exhaust gas from the pump is delivered to an exhaust duct 110 leading to a scrubber (not shown) to remove harmful contaminants from the industrial exhaust gas before it is released into the atmosphere. A gas flow may be diverted 118 through one or more isolation valves 120 to the RGA gas inlet duct (equivalently, a gas inlet duct or inlet pipe) 125. The diverted gas flow enters the residual gas analyzer instrument through a gas inlet assembly 130.

[0055] Figure 2 shows a perspective view of an exemplary residual gas analyzer 150 including a gas inlet assembly according to one or more illustrative embodiments of this disclosure. A sample program gas flow rate 200 from a processing chamber (not shown) is directed through a gas inlet conduit 125. The gas inlet conduit 125 is attached to the gas inlet assembly 130 via a program connector 210. A program pressure gauge 205 (e.g., a capacitance gauge (CDG), a precision thermobaric gauge), a calibration reference 220, and / or a bypass connection 206 may also be attached to the gas inlet assembly 130. The program sample gas flows through the gas inlet assembly 130 into a sensor manifold 225, which includes a compact programmable emission sensor (CPM). In the prior art, the sensor manifold 225 (equivalently, an instrument manifold) may be surrounded by a heater jacket to indirectly heat the gas flow rate through conduction and convection. The operation of the sensor and mass spectrometer is controlled and processed by a CPM electronic module 235. The gas flow is driven by a turbomolecular pump 260, which can be controlled by a dedicated embedded electronics communicating with the CPM electronic module, along with a pressure switch 240, a valve solenoid 245 controlling the pneumatic devices on the gas inlet assembly, and a nitrogen regulator 250. The RGA is supported by an integrated frontline block 255.

[0056] Figure 3 shows a functional block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a gas inlet assembly 130, which includes several key components. The gas inlet chassis 300 receives process connectors 301, process chemicals 302, and cleaning chemicals 303 via the flow of gas entering the gas inlet conduit. A calibration reference 310 and a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) 345 operate through their flow connections to the gas path traversing the gas inlet chassis 300. A CPM mass spectrometer sensor 335 is in flow communication with the gas inlet chassis 300 via an assembly including a gasket 320, a valve 325, and an orifice 330 designed to couple the gas flow and limit the pressure to the CPM sensor 335. The temperature of the gas path can be managed using one or more heaters 315, which are managed by a controller 313 via an electrical connection 314. This controller can also control other RGA functions. The orifice 330 may also discharge gas flow to a bypass 340 leading to a vacuum pump 350, which in some embodiments may be a diaphragm pump. In some embodiments, the gas inlet assembly may be protected by one or more covers 355 or a housing.

[0057] The inlet and sensor manifold of a mass spectrometer are heated for baking and high-temperature operation. Heat needs to be evenly distributed, and hot metal needs to be covered to prevent contact with people who may be burned. Various covers or housings 355 are known for insulating all or part of the gas inlet assembly 130 of Figure 1 and / or all or part of the instrument manifold 230 of Figure 2 containing the sensor 335 (from Figure 3). Figure 5 shows one such removable cover 500, in which an electrical conduit 510 connects a power supply to an electrically heated element (not shown) located in the insulating cover 520. The insulating cover 520 is made of silicone rubber. Several problems exist associated with this type of cover. If the heating element gets too hot, the rubber can leak gas, deteriorate, and even melt. These covers are typically limited to 150°C and can experience occasional malfunctions even at that temperature.

[0058] Figure 4 illustrates another type of housing 400, which includes a metal insulation 410 typically bonded to a molded plastic housing 420 using an epoxy resin adhesive. The heating element may be integrated into a gas inlet assembly and / or an instrument manifold or a combination thereof. In these solutions, the glued insulation material can also allow gas to escape and generate problematic particles in a cleanroom environment. Furthermore, quality issues arise due to the difficulty of the gluing process.

[0059] The inventors have surprisingly discovered a metallized housing that mitigates the adverse effects of joining a metal insulation to a plastic housing and better controls the heat retention and insulation effects of the cover used for heat retention and insulation. The metallized housing of the present invention can be used to insulate all or part of a gas inlet assembly 130, all or part of an instrument manifold 225 containing a sensor 335, or a combination thereof, wherein the gas inlet assembly 130 and / or the instrument manifold 225 contains a heating element. Figure 6A shows an exemplary embodiment of a metallized housing 600 for a gas inlet assembly, the metallized housing including a metal layer 610 disposed on a molded plastic housing 620. Figure 6B shows an exemplary embodiment of a metallized housing 650 for an instrument manifold, the metallized housing including a metal layer 660 disposed on a molded plastic housing 670. The cover of the present invention relies on the air gap between the cover and the sensor as insulation material and uses a metallized coating as a heat-reflective insulation element. The cover of the present invention allows the sensor manifold to be heated to about 160°C to 200°C, and preferably about 180°C, while the external temperature of one of the plastic covers is maintained at about 50°C to 90°C, and preferably about 70°C.

[0060] Figures 10A and 10B illustrate one of the metallized housings of the present invention positioned on a residual gas analyzer (RGA) 1000. The RGA 1000 includes a gas inlet assembly 1020 and an instrumentation manifold / sensor manifold 1030. A gas inlet assembly cover 1010 is positioned above the gas inlet assembly 1020, and an instrumentation manifold cover 1015 is positioned above the instrumentation manifold 1030. In some embodiments, the gas inlet assembly cover 1010 and the instrumentation manifold cover 1015 are coupled together to provide continuous thermal insulation. Covers 1010 and 1015 can be coupled by means such as a snap fastener 1040 and any suitable means that allow for detachable coupling of the two covers.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, cover 1010 and / or cover 1015 are positioned on the gas inlet assembly and / or instrument manifold such that an air gap 1050 is provided between the outer surface / external surface of the gas inlet assembly and instrument manifold and the inner surface of cover 1010, 1015. This can be achieved by providing a raised connector 1060 between cover 1010, 1015 and the outer surface of the gas inlet / instrument manifold, as shown in FIG10B. It should be understood that other means for providing the air gap may be considered within the scope of the invention. The air gap 1050 facilitates the conduction and convection of heat energy reflected from the metallized housing / cover emanating from the gas inlet and instrument manifold, thereby improving the thermal insulation properties of the housing.

[0062] In one exemplary embodiment, the plastic housing can be manufactured by injection molding. Injection molding is a cyclical manufacturing process for producing a large number of identical plastic parts. The process begins by feeding thermoplastic granules into a heated cylinder. Here, a reciprocating screw melts and mixes the material. The molten plastic is then injected under high pressure into a precision-machined mold cavity, where the molten plastic cools and solidifies. The mold separates, thereby ejecting the finished part. Key steps in a typical injection molding cycle include clamping, injection, encapsulation / holding, cooling, and ejection. Those skilled in the art know that injection molding processes can produce complex parts.

[0063] The plastic housing used in a metallized enclosure may be composed of a variety of materials, including but not limited to acrylic (PMMA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), nylon (polyamide, PA), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene (PE), polyoxymethylene (POM), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) and / or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or a combination thereof.

[0064] Without being constrained by theory, the metal surface of a metallized casing can be mounted on a plastic casing using various methods, including physical vapor deposition (PVD) and a set of vacuum deposition techniques for forming thin films on substrates. PVD metallization forms a reflective, heat-insulating casing around heated parts (forming an "oven" to reflect infrared radiation back to the heated metal assembly), forms a casing to reduce the effects of convective cooling, utilizes trapped air as insulation, and protects the heated metal from accidental contact that could result in burns. In PVD, a solid source material is transformed into a vapor phase through physical means such as thermal evaporation or sputtering. This vapor is then condensed onto a substrate, forming a highly controlled thin film. PVD processes are used to deposit a variety of materials, including metals, alloys, and ceramics. These coatings enhance properties such as abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance, conductivity, and optical properties. PVD is widely used in industries such as electronics, optics, tools, and medical devices.

[0065] Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can also be used to form metal surfaces for metallized casings. It is a process that deposits a solid thin film on a substrate through the chemical reaction of a gaseous precursor. Typically, the precursor is introduced into a reaction chamber under vacuum, where it is heated and reacted on the substrate surface or in the gas phase. The reaction products are then deposited on the substrate, thereby forming the desired thin film. According to the invention, other known manufacturing processes for applying a metallization layer to a plastic cap can also be used.

[0066] In exemplary embodiments, the metal surface of the metallized casing can be composed of any metal with good thermal insulation and reflectivity properties, and this metal is also suitable for a vapor deposition manufacturing process. The desired metal material can produce a surface with a reflectivity of about 70% to about 95%, preferably up to about 90%. In some embodiments, the metal can be aluminum and its alloys. In additional embodiments, the metal can be titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and stainless steel, and / or alloys of these metals. Any combination of these materials can also be used. In some preferred embodiments, the metal used is aluminum.

[0067] Furthermore, metallized housings having two or more layers are considered and disclosed. Figure 7A shows a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a metallized housing 700, which includes a metal layer 705 disposed on a plastic housing 710. In some embodiments, the metallized housing of the present invention contains no or substantially no adhesives or bonding materials (such as epoxy resin). Figure 7B shows a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a three-layer metallized housing 720 including a metal layer 705, which is disposed on a plastic housing 710 and separated by an insulating layer 726 deposited directly on the metal and plastic surfaces. The insulating layer 726 may use any suitable insulating material, including but not limited to closed-cell foam or glass fiber. Figure 7C shows a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a multilayer metallized housing 730 including a metal layer 705 disposed on a plastic housing 710 and separated by an insulating layer 726 deposited between the metal and plastic surfaces. The insulating layer may also include a bonding material 735 for attaching the metal, insulating, and plastic surfaces together. Any suitable bonding material can be used, such as a two-component epoxy resin or a pressure-sensitive adhesive. The thickness of the plastic housing 710 may be about 2 mm to 3 mm, or about 2.5 mm. The thickness of the metal layer 705 may be about 0.05 mm to about 0.2 mm, or about 0.1 mm to about 0.15 mm. The thickness of the insulating layer 726 may be about 1 mm to about 5 mm, or about 2 mm. The total thickness of the metallized housing of this application may be between about 2 mm and about 8 mm, or between about 2.5 mm and about 4.5 mm.

[0068] Figure 8 shows a simulation of the temperature distribution in a longitudinal cross-section of a gas inlet assembly according to one or more illustrative embodiments of this disclosure, the gas inlet assembly including a heating element disposed in a gas inlet chassis. An illustrative embodiment simulation 800 shows isothermal contours along a thermal gradient under equilibrium conditions formed by the heating element 805 disposed in the gas inlet chassis 810. The simulation results of the illustrated embodiment show a temperature gradient formed by the heating element from approximately 188 degrees Celsius (188°C) near the heating element 805 to approximately 158 degrees Celsius (158°C) near the surface of the gas inlet chassis 810. A metallized housing 815 surrounds the gas inlet assembly 820 having the inlet chassis 810 and the instrument manifold 830, thereby acting as an insulator and heat shield around the inlet chassis, such that the surface temperature of the plastic cover (at a location likely to be touched by a person) is approximately 60°C to 70°C at its hottest point. This section 850 shows a gas inlet assembly with a metallized enclosure, which is used to reduce heat loss from the RGA.

[0069] Figure 9 shows an expanded view of region 850 of the gas inlet assembly with metallized housing 815 shown in Figure 8, which is used to reduce heat loss from the RGA in Figure 8. Thermal energy 905 emitted from the gas inlet assembly 820 is reflected and transferred 910 back to the gas inlet chassis via conduction and convection within the gap 950 provided between the outer surface of the gas inlet assembly 820 and the metallized housing 815. The temperature distribution results shown in Figures 8 and 9 were obtained under ambient conditions (approximately 26°C).

[0070] The disclosed invention eliminates the need for external heating jackets, which can exhibit cold spots due to the poor thermal conductivity of steel and contain polysiloxane and adhesives that can release gases and form problematic particles in a cleanroom environment. Furthermore, exemplary embodiments illustrate a housing rather than an insulating jacket and the use of vacuum metallization to form an insulation / heat reflector.

[0071] It will be understood that variations or alternatives to the features and functions disclosed above and others can be combined into many other different systems or applications. Various alternatives, modifications, variations, or improvements, which are currently unpredictable or unforeseen, can then be made by those skilled in the art and are intended to be encompassed by the claims of the appended patent application.

[0072] The disclosed system may alternatively include, consist of, or be substantially composed of any suitable components disclosed herein. Furthermore, the disclosed system may substantially exclude any components or materials used in the prior art that are unnecessary for achieving the functionality and / or objectives of this disclosure.

[0073] The term "about" should be understood as modifying a term or value such that it is not an absolute value. This term will be defined by context. It includes at least the degree of expected experimental, technical, and instrumental errors for a given technique used to measure a value. Generally, when used in conjunction with a numerical value throughout this specification and the claims, this term indicates a range of accuracy familiar and acceptable to those skilled in the art. Generally, this range of accuracy is ±10%. Therefore, "about ten" means 9 to 11. All figures indicating quantities, material ratios, material properties, and / or uses in this specification should be understood to be modified by the word "about" unless otherwise expressly indicated.

[0074] The term "a (and an)" does not imply a limitation on the quantity, but rather indicates the presence of at least one of the mentioned items. The term "or" means "and / or," unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Throughout the specification, references to "an embodiment," "another embodiment," "some embodiments," etc., mean that a particular element (e.g., feature, structure, step, or characteristic) described in connection with that embodiment is included in at least one embodiment described herein and may or may not be present in other embodiments. Furthermore, it should be understood that the described elements may be combined in any suitable manner in various embodiments. "Optional" or "as the case may" means that an event or condition described subsequently may or may not occur, and that description includes examples of events occurring and examples of events not occurring. The terms "first," "second," and such, "primary," "secondary," and such as used herein do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are used to distinguish one element from another. Unless otherwise stated, the terms "front," "back," "bottom," and / or "top" are used herein for convenience only and are not limited to any particular location or spatial orientation.

[0075] The endpoints for all ranges of the same component or property include those endpoints, can be independently combined, and include all intermediate points. For example, the range of "up to 25 N / m, or more specifically 5 N / m to 20 N / m" includes the endpoints and all intermediate values ​​of the range of "5 N / m to 25 N / m", such as 10 N / m to 23 N / m.

[0076] Unless otherwise defined, the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0077] All cited patents, patent applications and other references are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. However, if a term in this application contradicts or conflicts with a term in an incorporated reference, the term from this application shall take precedence over the conflicting term from the incorporated reference.

[0078] 100: Processing Room 102: Exhaust pipe 105: Throttling valve 110: Exhaust pipe 115: Vacuum pump 118: Turn 120: Isolation valve 125: Residual Gas Analyzer Gas Inlet Pipe / Gas Inlet Pipe / Inlet Pipe 130: Gas Inlet Assembly 150: Residual Gas Analyzer 200: Sample procedure gas flow rate 205: Programmable Pressure Gauge 206: Bypass connector 210: Program Connector 220: Calibration Reference 225: Sensor manifold / Instrument manifold 230: Instrument Manifold 235: Compact Program Monitoring Electronic Module 240: Pressure switch 245: Valve Solenoid 250: Nitrogen Regulator 255: Integrated Frontline Block 260: Turbomolecular Pump 300: Gas Inlet Chassis 301: Program connector 302: Process Chemicals 303: Cleaning Chemicals 310: Calibration Reference 313: Controller 314: Electrical Connection 315: Heater 320: Washer 325: Valve 330: Orifice 335: Compact Process Monitoring Mass Spectrometer Sensor / Compact Process Monitoring Sensor 340: Bypass 345: Quartz Crystal Microbalance 350: Vacuum pump 355: Cover / Outer Shell 400: Outer shell 410: Metal thermal insulation components 420: Molded plastic housing 500: Removable cover 510: Electrical conduit 520: Insulation Cover 600: Metallized casing 610: Metal layer 620: Molded plastic housing 650: Metallized casing 660: Metal layer 670: Molded plastic housing 700: Metallized casing 705: Metallic layer 710: Plastic casing 720: Triple-metallized outer shell 726: Insulation layer 730: Multi-layered metallized casing 735: Bonding material 800: Simulation 805: Heating element 810: Gas Inlet Chassis / Inlet Chassis 815: Metallized casing 820: Gas Inlet Assembly 830: Instrument Manifold 850: Area 905: Issued 910: Reflection and Transfer 950: Gap 1000: Residual Gas Analyzer 1010: Gas Inlet Assembly Cover / Cap 1015: Instrument manifold cover / cap 1020: Gas Inlet Assembly 1030: Instrument Manifold / Sensor Manifold 1040: Hook and Loop 1050: Air gap 1060: Raised connector

Claims

1. A residual gas analyzer, comprising: One instrument manifold; A gas inlet assembly, which is located on the manifold of the instrument; and a metallized housing, which is at least partially disposed on at least one of the gas inlet assembly and the instrument manifold; wherein the metallized housing includes a metal layer disposed on a molded plastic housing.

2. The residual gas analyzer of claim 1, further comprising at least one heating element thermally disposed in the gas inlet assembly.

3. The residual gas analyzer of claim 1, wherein the metallized housing further includes an insulating layer disposed between the metal layer and the molded plastic housing.

4. The residual gas analyzer of claim 1, wherein the metallized housing is at least partially disposed on the gas inlet assembly.

5. The residual gas analyzer of claim 1, wherein the metallized housing is at least partially mounted on the instrument manifold.

6. The residual gas analyzer of claim 1, wherein the metallized housing substantially does not contain a bonding material.

7. The residual gas analyzer of claim 1, wherein the metal layer is disposed on the plastic housing by either physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition.

8. The residual gas analyzer of claim 1, wherein the metal layer comprises aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

9. The residual gas analyzer of claim 1, wherein the plastic housing comprises acrylic acid, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, nylon, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polyoxymethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, thermoplastic elastomer or thermoplastic polyurethane, or a combination thereof.

10. The residual gas analyzer of claim 1, wherein the metallized housing is positioned at a distance from an external surface of the gas inlet assembly and / or an external surface of the instrument manifold.

11. An apparatus for maintaining an elevated programmed gas temperature in a residual gas analyzer, comprising: At least one heating element is disposed on at least one of a gas inlet chassis and an instrument manifold; A metallized housing is at least partially disposed on at least one of the gas inlet chassis and the instrument manifold to prevent heat loss; wherein the metallized housing includes a metal layer disposed on a plastic housing, and wherein the metallized housing is positioned at a distance from an outer surface of the gas inlet assembly and / or an outer surface of the instrument manifold, such that an air gap is provided between the outer surface of the gas inlet assembly and / or the outer surface of the instrument manifold and an inner surface of the metallized housing; and wherein the at least one heating element is spaced apart from the metallized housing.

12. The device of claim 11, wherein the metallized housing includes a metallized gas inlet housing and a metallized instrument manifold housing, and wherein the device further includes at least one connector for detachably coupling the metallized gas inlet housing and the metallized instrument manifold housing.

13. The device of claim 11, wherein the metallized housing substantially does not contain a bonding material.

14. A method for controlling the temperature of a residual gas analyzer, comprising: A residual gas analyzer is provided, the residual gas analyzer including an instrument manifold and a gas inlet assembly disposed on the instrument manifold, wherein the gas inlet assembly includes a gas inlet chassis; at least one heating element is positioned on the gas inlet chassis, the at least one heating element being thermally coupled to the gas inlet chassis; an injection-molded plastic housing having an inner surface is provided; a metal is disposed on the inner surface of the injection-molded plastic housing by either physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition to produce the metallized housing; the metallized housing is at least partially disposed on at least one of the gas inlet chassis and the instrument manifold; and a current is guided through a conduit to the at least one heating element to generate a temperature gradient across the gas inlet chassis.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the current to the at least one heating element is adjusted by a controller.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the metallized housing is positioned at a distance from the gas inlet assembly and / or the instrument manifold.

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