Phosphate ester, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of organic synthesis technology, and particularly relates to a phosphate ester, its preparation method, and its application. The phosphate ester has the structure shown in formula (XII). This invention also provides a method for preparing the phosphate ester, which involves acidolysis of P(O)-OH with a specific carbonate compound to generate carbon dioxide and the phosphate ester. Introducing an alkylene or phenylene structure into the phosphate ester structure, and simultaneously making the terminal group a hydroxyl or phosphate ester group, can improve the flame retardant properties of the phosphate ester, enabling it to pass the UL94 test at an addition amount as low as 5%. Simultaneously, it exhibits good physical properties; with increasing addition amount, the physical properties of the obtained flame-retardant material, especially in the bending test, do not decrease significantly.

Claims

1. A hypophosphite composition, characterized in that the hypophosphite composition contains hypophosphite with structures shown in formula (XII-1) and formula (XII-2); Formula (XII-1); Formula (XII-2).

2. A method for preparing a hypophosphite, characterized by comprising the following steps: reacting a dialkyl hypophosphite with a carbonate compound via acid hydrolysis to generate carbon dioxide and a hypophosphite having the structure shown in formula (XII); wherein the carbonate compound comprises one or more of ethylene carbonate, 1,2-propanediol carbonate, and styrene carbonate; Formula (XII); Formula (VI); wherein, R1 and R2 are independently selected from C1-C18 alkyl groups, C1-C18 alkyl groups substituted with at least one substituent, C6-C24 aromatic groups, or C6-C24 aromatic groups substituted with at least one substituent; the substituent is selected from one or more of C1-C18 alkyl groups, C6-C24 aromatic groups, carbonate groups, hydroxyl groups, amino groups, nitro groups, halogen groups, C1-C18 ester groups, C1-C18 alkoxy groups, C1-C18 ether groups, C1-C18 thioether groups, and mercapto groups; R61 is H, methyl, or phenyl; R62 is H or a group represented by formula (VI), and in formula (VI) a=b=0; t is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.

3. The preparation method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the molar ratio of P-OH in the dialkyl hypophosphoric acid to -OC(=O)O- in the carbonate compound is 1:0.1~20.

4. The preparation method as described in claim 2, characterized in that the acid hydrolysis reaction temperature is 0~300℃ and the time is 0.1~30 h.

5. The preparation method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that, when the acidolysis reaction is carried out in the presence of a solvent, the solvent includes at least one selected from toluene, ethylbenzene, propenzene, butadiene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decanane, dodecane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, dimethylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, and diphenylmethane.

6. The preparation method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the acidolysis reaction is carried out in a solvent-free environment.

7. The preparation method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that, when the acidolysis reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, the catalyst comprises an inorganic base, an inorganic acid, a tertiary amine, a carboxylate, a phosphate, a titanate, an organotin compound, or a sulfonic acid.

8. The preparation method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the acidolysis reaction is carried out without a catalyst.

9. The preparation method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the hypophosphite generated by the acid hydrolysis reaction is a mixture of hypophosphites containing the structures shown in formula (XII-1) and formula (XII-2): Formula (XII-1); Formula (XII-2).

10. The use of a hypophosphite composition as described in claim 1, or a hypophosphite prepared by the method described in claim 9, as a flame retardant.

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