Solid or semi-solid lithium batteries with zeolite thin film layer structure

Abstract

This invention proposes a solid-state or semi-solid-state lithium battery with a zeolite thin film layer structure. A conventional solid-state or near-solid-state battery structure includes: a positive electrode; a zeolite thin film layer connecting the positive electrode coating, wherein the zeolite thin film layer allows lithium ions from the positive electrode to pass rapidly through and enter a battery separator; a negative electrode, wherein the negative electrode is filled with a negative electrode slurry as a binder; the negative electrode further includes a plurality of negative electrode active particles distributed within the negative electrode slurry; and a battery separator connecting the zeolite thin film layer, such that the zeolite thin film layer is located between the positive electrode coating and the battery separator.

Claims

1. A solid or semi-solid lithium battery having a zeolite thin film layer structure, comprising: a positive electrode, the positive electrode comprising: a positive electrode substrate; a positive electrode coating coated on the positive electrode substrate; the positive electrode coating comprising: a plurality of positive electrode active particles and a plurality of ceramic particles; a zeolite thin film layer connected to the positive electrode coating, wherein the zeolite thin film layer allows lithium ions of the positive electrode to pass through rapidly and enter a battery separator; a battery separator connected to the zeolite thin film layer, such that the zeolite thin film layer is located between the positive electrode coating and the battery separator; a negative electrode connected to the battery separator, the negative electrode and the zeolite thin film layer being located on opposite sides of the battery separator; wherein the negative electrode is filled with a negative electrode slurry as a binder; the negative electrode further comprises a plurality of negative electrode active particles distributed within the negative electrode slurry.

2. The solid or semi-solid lithium battery as described in claim 1, wherein the structure of the zeolite film layer has a considerable number of interconnected pores, and the interior of these pores is filled with a fluid colloidal electrolyte, which is composed of an organically aggregated ionic liquid and is at least partially adhered to the outer surface of the zeolite film layer and the interior of the pores.

3. A solid or semi-solid lithium battery as described in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the zeolite film layer is between 5 and 20 micrometers.

4. The solid or semi-solid lithium battery as described in claim 2, wherein the ionic liquid system is composed of anions and cations, the cations and anions being composed in stoichiometric proportions to make the whole battery electrically neutral; wherein the anion is one or more of TFSI- and FSI-, and the cation is at least one of imidazolium cations, quaternary ammonium cations with chain structures, piperidine cations, and pyrroline cations.

5. The solid or semi-solid lithium battery as described in claim 4, wherein the imidazolium cation is selected from at least one of EMI, HMI, and BDMIM; the quaternary ammonium cation with a chain structure is selected from at least one of DEME and TMPA; the piperidine cation is PP13; and the pyrrolidone cation is selected from at least one of PYR13 and PYR14.

6. The solid or semi-solid lithium battery as described in claim 1, wherein the zeolite film layer is composed of zeolite, which is selected from natural zeolite or polymeric materials with ion exchange capacity.

7. The solid or semi-solid lithium battery as described in claim 6, wherein the chemical formula of the natural zeolite is (AlO2)-(SiO2)x.yH2O, wherein the , wherein the , is a metal ion or a hydrogen ion; the metal ion or hydrogen ion can exchange with other cations in the electrolyte solution; wherein the polymer material with ion exchange capacity is sulfonated polystyrene.

8. A solid or semi-solid lithium battery as described in claim 1, wherein the plurality of positive electrode active particles are an active material for storing or releasing lithium ions; the positive electrode active particles are selected from NCM (lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide), LCO (LiCoO2), LMFP (LiMnxFe1-xPO4), and LMFP doped with at least one metal element.

9. A solid or semi-solid lithium battery as described in claim 1, wherein the positive electrode active particles are composed of NCM and the size of the positive electrode active particles is between 3 and 10 micrometers.

10. A solid or semi-solid lithium battery as described in claim 1, wherein the positive electrode active particles are composed of LCO and the size of the positive electrode active particles is between 5 and 15 micrometers.

11. A solid or semi-solid lithium battery as described in claim 1, wherein the positive electrode active particle is composed of LMFP or LMFP doped with at least one metal element, and the size of the positive electrode active particle is between 0.5 and 3 micrometers; wherein the chemical formula of the LMFP is LiMnxFe1-xPO4, and X is between 0.1 and 0.

8.

12. A solid or semi-solid lithium battery as described in claim 1, wherein the following substances are further added to the positive electrode coating: an adhesive, which is a polymeric material of a composite ionic compound, comprising: a fluoride as the backbone of the adhesive; PEO (Polyethylene Oxide, PEO) to assist in lithium-ion conduction; an ionic compound to improve the ionic conductivity of the positive electrode coating; the weight ratio of the fluoride to the PEO being 1:3 to 3:1; and a plurality of conductive aids to increase the electronic conductivity of the positive electrode coating, the weight ratio of the ionic compound to the PEO being 0.5:1 to 2:

1.

13. The solid or semi-solid lithium battery as described in claim 12, wherein the fluoride is selected from at least one of PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) and PVDF-HFP (Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Hexafluoropropylene).

14. The solid or semi-solid lithium battery as described in claim 12, wherein the plurality of conductive agents are selected from at least one of carbon nanotubes, amorphous carbon, and graphene.

15. A solid or semi-solid lithium battery as described in claim 12, wherein the ionic compound is selected from at least one of LiTFSI, LiFSI, EMI-TFSI, or EMI-FSI.

16. The solid or semi-solid lithium battery as described in claim 1, wherein the ceramic particles are selected from at least one of lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LAGP), lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO), and lithium lanthanum titanium oxide (LLTO).

Images