System and method for meteorological modelling

Abstract

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Description

[0001] SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR METEOROLOGICAL MODELLING

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The present invention relates to a system for meteorological modelling and more particularly to a system according to preamble of claim 1. The present invention relates to a method for meteorological modelling and more particularly to a method according to preamble of claim 16.

[0004] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0005] Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) meteorology is a concept, whereby GNSS signal delays between navigation satellites and GNSS receivers are calculated and used to derive atmospheric quantities. Water vapor causes the largest variations to such signal delays in a typical case. Also, temperature and pressure variations contribute to variations in GNSS signal delay. GNSS meteorology is called GPS meteorology in case the GPS satellite navigation system is applied.

[0006] In prior art, meteorological calculations of atmospheric quantities, such as atmospheric refractivity, humidity, temperature or pressure, based on navigation satellite system signals from navigation satellites are typically carried out at GPS / GNSS ground stations or dedicated meteorological base stations or other global navigation satellite system (GNSS) reference networks of very limited scope. These GNSS receiver networks are configured to receive navigation satellite system signal raw data e.g. code pseudoranges and carrier phase measurements. As GNSS receivers are becoming more and more affordable and ubiquitous, a lot of potential navigation satellite system raw signal data is currently heavily underutilized and typically not even stored, even though readily available as output by the majority of GNSS receivers. In a typical case, navigation output messages comprising time and location data are stored and used, while satellite system raw data comprising more detailed information about the GNSS signals is only used as intermediate data in GNSS receivers for more processed navigation output messages and immediately discarded thereafter. By storing and utilizing detailed signal data from amongst the raw data, global navigation satellite systems can be used for meteorology beyond its primary purposes of positioning and timing. Code and carrier phase measurements of signals from specific navigation satellites can be used in conjunction with external correction data to evaluate details of atmospheric refractivity and meteorological parameters such as water vapor, temperature and pressure.

[0007] One of the problems associated with the prior art is that the weather forecasting, commonly done using numerical weather prediction models, needs a great amount of meteorological data from a large number of local meteorological sensors and atmospheric weather sondes in addition to navigation satellite system signals for generating a meteorological forecast of sufficient skill. The meteorological data derived from current GNSS meteorology are insufficient for determining three-dimensional meteorological models and forecasts as well as local forecasts due to limited geographical coverage efficiently and accurately. In other words, GNSS meteorology remains one input amongst many other measurement data and its benefits are currently limited for this reason.

[0008] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] An object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for meteorological modelling so as to solve or at least alleviate the prior art disadvantages.

[0010] The objects of the invention are achieved by a system for meteorological modelling which is characterized by what is stated in the independent claim 1. The objects of the invention are further achieved by a method for meteorological modelling which is characterized by what is stated in the independent claim 16.

[0011] The preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.

[0012] The invention is based on the idea of providing system for meteorological modelling, the system comprising global navigation satellite system comprising a space segment having navigation satellites, a control segment having ground-based satellite stations, and a client segment having a plurality of navigation satellite signal receiving client nodes. The client segment comprises an infrastructure network comprises a plurality of separate infrastructure network stations provided over a geographical area. The infrastructure network station comprises an infrastructure network node comprising an infrastructure network communication module configured to carry out data exchange in the infrastructure network and between the infrastructure network nodes provided to the infrastructure network stations of the infrastructure network and an infrastructure network control module configured to control data exchange via the infrastructure network communication module and to control operation of the infrastructure network node. The infrastructure network station further comprises a navigation satellite signal receiving client node, the client node comprising a navigation satellite system module configured to receive navigation satellite system signals from the navigation satellites of the global navigation satellite and to generate signal data based on the received navigation satellite system signals. The client node and the infrastructure network node are provided as separate device units and provided to the infrastructure network station, and the client node is arranged in direct data transfer connection with the infrastructure network node in the infrastructure network station. The infrastructure network node is configured to receive signal data from the client node, and the infrastructure network communication module of the infrastructure network node is configured to transmit signal data received from the client node in the infrastructure network. The system further comprises a meteorological modelling module configured to determine the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the client node provided to the infrastructure network station based on the signal data, and calculate an atmospheric quantity between the navigation satellite and the client node provided to the infrastructure network station based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the client node provided to the infrastructure network station.

[0013] In the present application term atmospheric delay comprises an ionospheric delay, a tropospheric delay or the ionospheric delay and the tropospheric delay.

[0014] In the context of this application the tropospheric delay comprises both the tropospheric delay and the lower stratospheric delay due to dry gases and water vapor and clouds.

[0015] The lower stratospheric delay is much smaller than the tropospheric delay.

[0016] It should be noted that the present invention is not directed to calculation of the atmospheric delay, tropospheric delay, ionospheric delay and / or the stratospheric delay itself. The delay calculations are generally known.

[0017] The present invention enables turning every infrastructure network station having the infrastructure network node into a weather station by providing the infrastructure network station with the separate client node. The client node is arranged in direct data transfer connection with the infrastructure network node such that the client node receiving the navigation satellite system signals is arranged to utilize the infrastructure network node of the same infrastructure network station for transferring signal data generated from the received navigation satellite system signals.

[0018] The present invention further enables providing three-dimensional local weather forecasts and measurements by utilizing navigation satellite systems and infrastructure network stations of the infrastructure networks.

[0019] In some embodiments, the client node and the infrastructure network node are supported to a structure of the infrastructure network station. This enables utilizing the structures of an existing infrastructure network stations for the client nodes such that the existing infrastructure network stations may be provided as weather stations.

[0020] Accordingly, the client node and the infrastructure network node are supported to the same structure.

[0021] The structure of the infrastructure network station mast, tower, building, vehicle or some other physical support structure.

[0022] In some embodiments, the client node of the infrastructure network station is connected to the infrastructure network node of the infrastructure network station with a data transfer connection, and the infrastructure network node is configured to receive signal data directly from the client node via the data transfer connection.

[0023] Thus, there is no need for separate network data module in the client node. The client node utilizes the infrastructure network node for data transfer and communication.

[0024] In some embodiments, the infrastructure network station comprises a power supply, and the infrastructure network node and the client node are separately connected to power supply.

[0025] Accordingly, the client node is configured to utilize the power supply of the infrastructure network station and no separate power supply for the client node needs to be provided.

[0026] In some other embodiments, the infrastructure network station comprises a power supply, the infrastructure network node is connected to power supply, and the client node is connected to the infrastructure network node with a client power supply connection.

[0027] Accordingly, the client node is configured to receive power from the infrastructure network node and the client node may on only connected to the infrastructure network node. In some embodiments, the system comprises two or more different navigation satellite systems, and the navigation satellite system module comprises a multi-system navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals from the navigation satellites of two or more navigation satellite systems.

[0028] In some other embodiments, the system comprises two or more different navigation satellite systems, and the navigation satellite system module comprises a first navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals from the navigation satellites of a first navigation satellite system, and a second navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive configured to receive navigation satellite system signals from the navigation satellites of a second navigation satellite system.

[0029] Utilizing two or more different navigation satellite systems enables better coverage.

[0030] In some embodiments, the infrastructure network is a fixed infrastructure network comprising fixed infrastructure network stations at fixed geographical locations.

[0031] The fixed infrastructure network enables exact local forecasts.

[0032] In some embodiments, the infrastructure network is a fixed telecommunication network comprising telecommunication network base stations as the infrastructure network stations at fixed geographical locations.

[0033] In some other embodiments, the infrastructure network is a mobile telecommunication network comprising mobile telecommunication network base stations as the infrastructure network stations at fixed geographical locations.

[0034] In some further embodiments, the infrastructure network is a 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G or 7G or beyond telecommunication network comprising telecommunication network base stations as the infrastructure network stations at fixed geographical locations.

[0035] Telecommunication networks provide wide area coverage as well as dense network with great number of infrastructure network stations or base stations and infrastructure network nodes.

[0036] In some embodiments, the infrastructure network is an energy infrastructure network comprising energy control base stations as the infrastructure network stations at fixed geographical locations, or a road or railroad infrastructure network comprising road control base stations as the infrastructure network stations at fixed geographical locations, or a lighting infrastructure network comprising lighting control base stations as the infrastructure network stations at fixed geographical locations.

[0037] In some embodiments, the infrastructure network is a mobile client infrastructure network comprising mobile infrastructure network stations, or a vehicle infrastructure network comprising vehicles infrastructure network stations.

[0038] Mobile client infrastructure network provides variable coverage also in graphical areas having no fixed infrastructure networks.

[0039] In some embodiments, the infrastructure network is a multi-client infrastructure network comprising fixed infrastructure network stations at fixed geographical locations, and mobile infrastructure network stations.

[0040] Multi-client infrastructure network enables utilizing both fixed and mobile infrastructure stations.

[0041] In some embodiments, the navigation satellite system receiver is single frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals from navigation satellites on one frequency.

[0042] In some embodiments, the navigation satellite system receiver is single frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals from navigation satellites on at least two different frequencies.

[0043] In some other embodiments, the navigation satellite system receiver is a dual-frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals having a first frequency and navigation satellite system signals having a second frequency.

[0044] In some further embodiments, the navigation satellite system receiver is a multi-frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals on multiple different frequencies.

[0045] In some yet further embodiments, the navigation satellite system module comprises a first frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals having a first frequency, and a second frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals having a second frequency.

[0046] Utilizing two or more frequencies from navigation satellites of a navigation satellite system enables theoretical calculation of ionospheric delay which is dependent on signal frequency.

[0047] The ionospheric delay is closely coupled with the electron count of the space plasma in the ionosphere. By determining the electron count through processing of the ionospheric delay, the ionospheric delay may be used to monitor space weather.

[0048] In some embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is configured to determine the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the client node based on the navigation satellite signal, from a navigation satellite, having the first frequency and the navigation satellite system signal having the second frequency.

[0049] In some other embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is configured to determine atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the client node based on the navigation satellite system signals, from a navigation satellite, having different frequencies.

[0050] In some embodiments, the infrastructure network control module is configured to control timing, or synchronization, or timing and synchronization of the infrastructure network node of the infrastructure network station in the infrastructure network based on the signal data received from the client node.

[0051] In some other embodiments, the client node is configured to generate navigation output messages based on the received navigation satellite signals, the infrastructure network node is configured to receive the navigation output messages from the client node, and the infrastructure network control module is configured to control timing, or synchronization, or timing and synchronization of the infrastructure network node based on the generated navigation output messages.

[0052] Accordingly, the infrastructure network utilized time and location information is provided by the navigation satellite system signals.

[0053] In some embodiments, the client node is configured to generate signal characteristic output messages, and the meteorological modelling module is configured to calculate the atmospheric delay based on the signal characteristics output messages generated by the client node.

[0054] Th signal characteristics comprise signal characteristics of the received navigation satellite signals and / or raw data of received navigation satellite signals.

[0055] Accordingly, the meteorological modelling module is configured to utilize signal characteristics, or raw data, of the navigation satellite system signals.

[0056] Accordingly, the infrastructure network and the meteorological modelling module utilize different elements of the navigation satellite system signals or different output messages or output data of the client node. The signal data comprises the signal characteristic output messages and / or navigation output messages.

[0057] In some embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is provided to the client node. The signal data received the infrastructure network node comprises the calculated atmospheric quantity, and the infrastructure network communication module of the infrastructure network node is configured to transmit the signal data comprising the atmospheric quantity in the infrastructure network.

[0058] This enables providing existing infrastructure network stations as distributed weather stations.

[0059] In some other embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is provided to the infrastructure network node, and the infrastructure network communication module of the infrastructure network node is configured to transmit the signal data comprising the atmospheric quantity in the infrastructure network.

[0060] The enables utilizing existing infrastructure network nodes for distributed calculation of the atmospheric quantity.

[0061] In some further embodiments, the system comprises an external meteorological modelling server arranged in data exchange connection with the infrastructure network nodes of the infrastructure network stations of the infrastructure network. The meteorological modelling module is provided to the external meteorological modelling server, and the external meteorological modelling server is configured to receive the signal data from the infrastructure network node via the infrastructure network.

[0062] This enables collecting signal data from several infrastructure network stations and carrying out efficient calculations of the atmospheric quantity. This also enables decreasing amount of transferred data.

[0063] In some further embodiments, the system is provided as distributed system in which the meteorological modelling module and operation thereof is distributed between at least two of the following: client nodes, the infrastructure network nodes and an external meteorological modelling server arranged in data exchange connection with the infrastructure network nodes of the infrastructure network.

[0064] The distributed system enables efficient data processing.

[0065] In some further embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is distributed between the infrastructure network nodes or in the client nodes in such a way, that the GNSS signal delays of interest are calculated in the infrastructure network nodes and / or in the client nodes and the atmospheric quantity or atmospheric quantities are derived or calculated in the meteorological modelling module provided to the external meteorological modelling server.

[0066] The ionosphere is a dispersive medium for electromagnetic radiation at the relevant frequencies. Different GNSS signal frequencies experience different signal delays according to a well-known frequency-dependent formula. Hence, if the GNSS receivers that form part of the navigation satellite system module are receiving GNSS signals at two or more frequencies, the ionospheric delay can be removed in calculations. This allows calculating GNSS signal delays for the troposphere. These delays are called tropospheric delays. Zenith Tropospheric Delay is the delay that a GNSS signal experiences from a navigation satellite that is in zenith above the GNSS receiver. Slant delays, on the other hand, refer to GNSS signal delays, where the signal path between a navigation satellite and a GNSS receiver is slant.

[0067] GNSS tomography or global navigation satellite system tomography refers to a method, where multiple slant delays are used in an algorithm to derive a three-dimensional field of an atmospheric quantity or several atmospheric quantities. Typically, such an algorithm applies mathematical inversion. The region of the atmosphere of interest (whether geographically limited or global) can for example be divided into a grid and when enough slant delays are known, the atmospheric refractivity for each grid point can be derived through a mathematical inversion method. Such methods typically employ some form of optimization. As water vapor causes the largest variations over time to the GNSS signal delay, a common method is to use meteorological surface data from measurements or modelling and assuming a standard atmosphere in terms of pressure and humidity and then using the refractivity field obtained from GNSS tomography to derive the water vapor field. This so called Tropospheric Wet Delay may also contain components from liquid and / or solid water (ice). In case of looking at the contribution of water vapor to a zenith signal delay, it is called Zenith Wet Delay. Liquid water and ice may also be solved in an algorithm by using e.g. radar, satellite or radiosonde data in conjunction with a GNSS tomography algorithm. Three- dimensional temperature and pressure distributions can also be derived if one applies some further measurement data and / or assumptions, and wind can be derived by tracking the movement of features in time seen in the derived atmospheric refractivity, water vapor, temperature and pressure fields. In a typical application, the Zenith Tropospheric Delay is derived from multiple slant delays through a dedicated algorithm. This is due to the fact that there is typically no navigation satellite right above the GNSS receiver in zenith. Hence multiple slant delays need to be used to calculate the Zenith Tropospheric Delay, which is the delay that is calculated for a hypothetical satellite in zenith above the GNSS receiver at a given point in time.

[0068] In some embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is configured to determine Tropospheric Delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the client node based on the navigation satellite signal received in the navigation satellite system module.

[0069] In some other embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is configured to determine Tropospheric Delay of the navigation satellite system signals between two or more navigation satellites and the client node based on the navigation satellite system signals received in the navigation satellite system module.

[0070] In some further embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is configured to determine Tropospheric Delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the client node based on the navigation satellite signal received in the navigation satellite system module, and further Wet Delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the client node based on the determined Tropospheric Delay.

[0071] In some yet further embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is configured to determine Tropospheric Delay of the navigation satellite system signals between two or more navigation satellites and the client node based on the navigation satellite system signals received in the navigation satellite system module, and further Wet Delay of the navigation satellite system signals between the two or more navigation satellites and the client node based on the determined Tropospheric Delay.

[0072] In some embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is configured to determine signal delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the infrastructure network node with Radio Occultation based on the navigation satellite signal received in the navigation satellite system module during movement of the navigation satellite relative to one or more client nodes. Radio Occultation may be utilized for example with mobile infrastructure nodes at high altitude, such as airplanes. Radio Occultation may also be utilized for example with fixed infrastructure nodes provided at high altitudes with good horizontal visibility, such as mountain areas, high constructions or coastal areas. In some embodiments the meteorological modelling module is configured to carry out global navigation satellite system tomography between two or more navigation satellites and one or more infrastructure network nodes based on the navigation satellite system signals received in the one or more infrastructure network nodes.

[0073] In some embodiments, the global navigation satellite system tomography comprises determining atmospheric delays between two or more navigation satellites and one or more client nodes provided to the one or more infrastructure network stations, respectively, and calculating one or more atmospheric quantities between two or more navigation satellites and one or more client nodes based on the determined atmospheric delays.

[0074] In some alternative embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is configured to carry out global navigation satellite system tomography between two or more navigation satellites and the client node based on the navigation satellite system signals received in the one or more client nodes of one or more infrastructure network stations.

[0075] In some embodiments, the global navigation satellite system tomography comprises determining atmospheric delays between two or more navigation satellites and one or more client nodes, and calculating one or more atmospheric quantities between two or more navigation satellites and one or more client nodes based on the determined atmospheric delays.

[0076] In some other embodiments, the global navigation satellite system tomography comprises determining atmospheric delays between two or more navigation satellites and the client node, and calculating one or more atmospheric quantities between two or more navigation satellites and the client node based on the determined atmospheric delays.

[0077] In some embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is configured to determine a three-dimensional distribution of the one or more atmospheric quantities in the atmosphere based on the navigation satellite system signals received in the navigation satellite system modules of the one or more client nodes from two or more navigation satellites by global navigation satellite system tomography.

[0078] In some other embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is configured to determine a three-dimensional distribution of the one or more atmospheric quantities in the atmosphere based on the navigation satellite system signals received in the navigation satellite system module of the client node from two or more navigation satellites by global navigation satellite system tomography.

[0079] In some embodiments, the infrastructure network is the fixed telecommunication network comprising telecommunication network base stations at fixed geographical locations, and the meteorological modelling module is configured to determine the three-dimensional distribution of the one or more atmospheric quantities in the atmosphere based on the navigation satellite system signals received in the navigation satellite system modules of the client nodes in fixed infrastructure network stations from two or more navigation satellites by global navigation satellite system tomography.

[0080] In some embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is configured to determine three-dimensional water vapor distribution in the atmosphere based on the navigation satellite system signals received in the navigation satellite system module of the client node from two or more navigation satellites by global navigation satellite system tomography.

[0081] In some embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is configured to determine a three-dimensional atmospheric refractivity distribution in the atmosphere based on the determined slant delays of the navigation satellite system signals between the two or more navigation satellites and the client node by global navigation satellite system tomography.

[0082] In some embodiments, the system comprises one or more atmospheric sensors arranged in communication connection with the meteorological modelling module. The meteorological modelling module is configured to receive atmospheric measurement data from the one or more atmospheric sensors. The meteorological modelling module is further configured to determine the three- dimensional distribution of the one or more atmospheric quantities in the atmosphere based on the navigation satellite system signals and the atmospheric measurement data from the one or more atmospheric sensors.

[0083] In some embodiments the one or more atmospheric sensors are provided or supported to the infrastructure network station and the structures thereof.

[0084] The one or more atmospheric sensors comprise one or more of the following: a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a humidity sensor, a wind sensor, and an optical light sensor.

[0085] In some further embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is configured to determine a three-dimensional distribution of one or more of the following atmospheric quantities: atmospheric refractivity, water vapor, liquid water, ice, temperature, pressure and wind, based on the determined slant delays of the navigation satellite system signals between the two or more navigation satellites and the client node by global navigation satellite system tomography.

[0086] In some embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is configured to determine three-dimensional water vapor distribution in the atmosphere based on the determined Tropospheric Delay or Wet Delay of the navigation satellite system signals between the two or more navigation satellites and the client node by global navigation satellite system tomography.

[0087] In some embodiments, the atmospheric quantity is one or more of the following: water vapor, liquid water, atmospheric refractivity, ice, temperature, pressure, humidity and wind.

[0088] In some embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is configured to determine the atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals between the navigation satellite and two or more client nodes of two or more infrastructure network stations, and calculate the atmospheric quantity between the navigation satellite and the two or more client nodes based on the determined atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals between the navigation satellite and the two or more client node.

[0089] In some other embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is configured to determine the atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals between two more navigation satellites and the client node, and calculate the atmospheric quantity between the two or more navigation satellites and the client node based on the determined atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals between the two or more navigation satellites and the client node.

[0090] In some further embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is configured to determine the atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals between two or more navigation satellites and two or more client nodes of two or more infrastructure network stations, and calculate the atmospheric quantity between the two or more navigation satellites and the two or more client nodes based on the determined atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals between the two or more navigation satellites and the two or more client nodes.

[0091] In some embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is configured to determine the atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals between one or more navigation satellites and one or more client nodes of one or more infrastructure network stations located in a predetermined geographical area, and calculate the atmospheric quantity between the one or more navigation satellites and the one or more client nodes located in the predetermined geographical area based on the determined atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals between the one or more navigation satellites and the one or more client nodes.

[0092] In some other embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is configured to determine the atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals between one or more navigation satellites and one or more client nodes of one or more fixed infrastructure network stations located in a predetermined geographical area, and calculate the atmospheric quantity between the one or more navigation satellites and the one or more client nodes located in the predetermined geographical area based on the determined atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals between the one or more navigation satellites and the one or more client nodes.

[0093] In some embodiments, the atmospheric delay comprises ionospheric delay and tropospheric delay.

[0094] In some other embodiments, the atmospheric delay comprises only tropospheric delay.

[0095] In some further embodiments, the atmospheric delay comprises only ionospheric delay.

[0096] In some embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is configured to calculate theoretical ionospheric delay based on the navigation satellite system signal having the first frequency and the navigation satellite system signal having the second frequency received in the client node from the navigation satellite.

[0097] In some other embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is configured to determine overall atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the client node, calculate theoretical ionospheric delay based on the navigation satellite system signal having the first frequency and the navigation satellite system signal having the second frequency received in the client node from the navigation satellite, subtract the theoretical ionospheric delay from the overall atmospheric delay to generate an ionospheric delay free navigation satellite system signal, and determine a tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal based on the ionospheric delay free navigation satellite system signal.

[0098] In some further embodiments, the meteorological modelling module is configured to determine overall atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the client node, calculate theoretical ionospheric delay based on the navigation satellite system signal having the first frequency and the navigation satellite system signal having the second frequency received in the client node from the navigation satellite, subtract the theoretical ionospheric delay from the overall atmospheric delay to generate an ionospheric delay free navigation satellite system signal, determine a tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal based on the ionospheric delay free navigation satellite system signal, and determine effective ionospheric delay by subtracting the determined tropospheric delay from the overall atmospheric delay.

[0099] The present invention is further based on the idea of providing a method for meteorological modelling, characterized in that the method is carried out in connection with an infrastructure network comprising plurality of separate infrastructure network stations provided over a geographical area. The infrastructure network station comprise:

[0100] - an infrastructure network node comprising: an infrastructure network communication module configured to carry out data exchange in the infrastructure network and between the infrastructure network nodes provided to the infrastructure network stations of the infrastructure network, and an infrastructure network control module configured to control data exchange via the infrastructure network communication module and to control operation of the infrastructure network node, and

[0101] - a navigation satellite signal receiving client node, the client node comprising a navigation satellite system module configured to receive navigation satellite system signals from the navigation satellites of the global navigation satellite and to generate signal data based on the received navigation satellite system signals.

[0102] The client node and the infrastructure network node are provided as separate device units and provided to the infrastructure network station.

[0103] The method comprises:

[0104] - carrying out data exchange in the infrastructure network between the infrastructure network nodes of the separate infrastructure network stations,

[0105] - receiving navigation satellite system signals from navigation satellites of a global navigation satellite system in the navigation satellite signal receiving client nodes of the separate infrastructure network stations, and generating signal data based on the received navigation satellite signals in the client node,

[0106] - receiving signal data in the infrastructure network node directly from the client node, and

[0107] - transmitting signal data in the infrastructure network with the infrastructure network communication module of the infrastructure network node.

[0108] The method further comprises determine atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals between the navigation satellites and the client node provided to the infrastructure network station based on the signal data, and calculating atmospheric quantities between the navigation satellite and the client node based on the determined atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals between the navigation satellites and the client node provided to the infrastructure network station.

[0109] The method enables utilizing the infrastructure network stations of the infrastructure network for weather monitoring in a detailed manner locally over a large geographical area. Thus, the method present invention enables providing hyperlocal weather monitoring by utilizing existing infrastructure networks.

[0110] The present invention further enables providing three-dimensional local weather forecasts and measurements by utilizing navigation satellite systems and infrastructure network stations of the infrastructure networks.

[0111] The above disclosed system and the embodiments of the system are configured to carry out the method and the embodiments of the method.

[0112] In some embodiments, the method comprises receiving signal data in the infrastructure network node directly from the client node via a data transfer connection provided between the infrastructure network node and the client node in the infrastructure network station.

[0113] Thus, the infrastructure network node of the infrastructure network node station is utilized for transferring signal data.

[0114] In some embodiments, the infrastructure network station comprises a power supply, and the method comprises providing power to the client node from the power supply of the infrastructure network station.

[0115] In some other embodiments, the infrastructure network station comprises a power supply, the infrastructure network node is connected to power supply, and the method comprises providing power to the client node from the infrastructure network node of the infrastructure network station.

[0116] Accordingly, the power supply of the infrastructure network station or the infrastructure network node is utilized for supplying power to the client node.

[0117] In some embodiments the method comprises controlling operation of the infrastructure network node of the infrastructure network station, or the communication moule thereof, in the infrastructure network based on the signal data received from the client node.

[0118] In some other embodiments, the method comprises controlling timing, or synchronization, or timing and synchronization of the infrastructure network node of the infrastructure network station, or the communication module thereof, in the infrastructure network with the infrastructure network control module based on the signal data received from the client node.

[0119] In some embodiments, the method comprises receiving, in the client node, navigation satellite system signals from two or more navigation satellites, respectively.

[0120] In some other embodiments, the method comprises receiving, in two or more client nodes, a navigation satellite system signal from a navigation satellite, respectively.

[0121] In some further embodiments, the method comprises receiving, in two or more client nodes, navigation satellite system signals from two or more navigation satellites.

[0122] In some embodiments, the method comprises receiving, in the client node, navigation satellite system signals from the navigation satellites of two or more global navigation satellite systems.

[0123] In some embodiments, the method comprises receiving navigation satellite system signals from the navigation satellites in at least two different frequencies.

[0124] In some embodiments, the method comprises calculating the atmospheric quantities in the client node of the infrastructure network station, the signal data received the infrastructure network node from the client node comprises the calculated atmospheric quantity, and the infrastructure network communication module of the infrastructure network node is configured to transmit in the infrastructure network the signal data comprising the calculated atmospheric quantity.

[0125] In some other embodiments, the method comprises calculating the atmospheric quantities in the infrastructure network node of the infrastructure network station, and the infrastructure network communication module of the infrastructure network node is configured to transmit in the infrastructure network the signal data comprising the calculated atmospheric quantity.

[0126] In some further embodiments, the method comprises receiving the signal data in an external meteorological modelling server from infrastructure network node via the infrastructure network, and calculating the atmospheric quantities in the external meteorological modelling server.

[0127] In some further embodiments, the method comprises calculating the atmospheric quantities in a distributed manner by utilizing at least two of the following: the client nodes, the infrastructure network nodes and an external meteorological modelling server arranged in data exchange connection with the infrastructure network nodes of the infrastructure network.

[0128] In some embodiments, the method comprises determining Tropospheric Delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the client node based on the navigation satellite system signal received in the client node or the navigation satellite system module thereof.

[0129] In some other embodiments, the method comprises determining Tropospheric Delay of the navigation satellite system signals between two or more navigation satellites and the client node based on the navigation satellite system signals received in the client node or the navigation satellite system module thereof.

[0130] In some further embodiments, the method comprises determining Tropospheric Delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the client node based on the navigation satellite signal received in client node, and further Wet Delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the client node based on the determined Tropospheric Delay.

[0131] In some yet further embodiments, the method comprises determining Tropospheric Delay of the navigation satellite system signals between two or more navigation satellites and the client node based on the navigation satellite system signals received in the client node, and further Wet Delay of the navigation satellite system signals between the two or more navigation satellites and the client node based on the determined Tropospheric Delay.

[0132] In some embodiments, the method comprises determining a three- dimensional water vapor distribution in the atmosphere based on the navigation satellite system signals received in the client node from two or more navigation satellites by global navigation satellite system tomography.

[0133] In some other embodiments, the method comprises determining three- dimensional water vapor distribution in the atmosphere based on the determined Tropospheric Delay or Wet Delay of the navigation satellite system signals between the two or more navigation satellites and the client node by global navigation satellite system tomography.

[0134] In some embodiments, the method comprises determining the atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals between the navigation satellite and two or more client nodes, and calculating the atmospheric quantity between the navigation satellite and the two or more client nodes based on the determined atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals between the navigation satellite and the two or more client node.

[0135] In some other embodiments, the method comprises determining the atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals between two more navigation satellites and the client node, and calculating the atmospheric quantity between the two or more navigation satellites and the client node based on the determined atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals between the two or more navigation satellites and the client node.

[0136] In some further embodiments, the method comprises determining the atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals between two or more navigation satellites and two or more client nodes, and calculating the atmospheric quantity between the two or more navigation satellites and the two or more client nodes based on the determined atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals between the two or more navigation satellites and the two or more client nodes.

[0137] In some embodiments, the method comprises determining the atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals between one or more navigation satellites and one or more client nodes located in a predetermined geographical area, and calculating the atmospheric quantity between the one or more navigation satellites and the one or more client nodes of the one or more fixed infrastructure network stations located in the predetermined geographical area based on the determined atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals between the one or more navigation satellites and the one or more client nodes.

[0138] In some other embodiments, the method comprises determining the atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals between one or more navigation satellites and one or more client nodes of one or more fixed infrastructure network stations located in a predetermined geographical area, and calculating the atmospheric quantity between the one or more navigation satellites and the one or more client of the one or more fixed infrastructure network stations located in the predetermined geographical area based on the determined atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals between the one or more navigation satellites and the one or more client nodes.

[0139] In some embodiments, the method comprises carrying out global navigation satellite system tomography between two or more navigation satellites and one or more client nodes based on the navigation satellite system signals received in the one or more client nodes.

[0140] In some other embodiments, the method comprises carrying out global navigation satellite system tomography, the global navigation satellite system tomography comprising determining atmospheric delays between two or more navigation satellites and one or more client nodes, and calculating one or more atmospheric quantities between two or more navigation satellites and one or more client nodes based on the determined atmospheric delays.

[0141] In some further embodiments, the method comprises carrying determining a three-dimensional distribution of the one or more atmospheric quantities in the atmosphere based on the navigation satellite system signals received in the navigation satellite system modules of the one or more client nodes from two or more navigation satellites by global navigation satellite system tomography.

[0142] In some embodiments the method is carried out with a system as disclosed above. Thus, the operation of the system is interchangeable to method and method steps thereof.

[0143] An advantage of the system and method of the invention is that existing infrastructure networks and the infrastructure network stations thereof may be turned into weather stations such that accuracy of numerical weather predictions and forecasts, as well as global weather analyses are very likely to increase. Significantly increased coverage of and availability of atmospheric data collected from GNSS receivers is achieved when infrastructure network stations are provided with separate client nodes having GNSS receivers. The increased coverage and availability have significant effect on weather forecasts and climate monitoring in all areas covered by infrastructure networks, especially when they are telecommunication networks such as 5G or future telecommunication networks. This significantly increased coverage and availability will enable hyperlocal weather forecasts for any region where GNSS meteorology measurement are available via the infrastructure network and nodes thereof.

[0144] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0145] The invention is described in detail by means of specific embodiments with reference to the enclosed drawings, in which

[0146] Figure 1 shows schematically a basic global navigation satellite system;

[0147] Figures 2 to 4 show schematically different embodiments of the present invention;

[0148] Figure 5 to 7 are schematic diagrams showing embodiments of a hardware configuration of a system according to the present invention;

[0149] Figure 8 is a schematic configuration of one embodiment of a software module operating a system according to the present invention;

[0150] Figure 9 shows schematically a navigation satellite system receiver, and Figures 10 to 12 show schematically methods for determining atmospheric meteorological conditions.

[0151] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0152] Systems and methods described in the context of this application comprise and utilize global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) for meteorological modelling and calculations. In the context of this application the GNSS may be known GNSS such as Global Positioning System (GPS), Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), the European Satellite Navigation System (Galileo), Immarsat, Chinese Navigation Satellite System (BeiDou), Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (1RNSS), Japanese Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), Multi-functional Satellite Augmentation System (MTSAT or MSAS) as well as Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) and Regional Satellite Systems. Accordingly, the present invention may be carried out by utilizing existing and future GNSS.

[0153] Figure 1 shows schematically a general GNSS architecture. The GNSS architecture comprises three major components: a space segment, a control segment and client segment.

[0154] The client segment may also be denoted as user segment. Different navigation satellite systems may also be denoted as different navigation satellite constellations.

[0155] The space segment comprises global navigation system satellites (GNSS satellites) 2, orbiting about 20,000 km above the earth surface. Each GNSS satellite broadcasts a global navigation satellite system signal (GNSS signal) 5 that identifies it and provides its time, orbit and status.

[0156] The control segment comprises a ground-based network of master control stations 6, data uploading stations 8 and monitoring stations 4. For example, in the case of GPS, the system comprises two master control stations 6, four data uploading stations 8 and 16 monitoring stations 4, located throughout the world.

[0157] In each GNSS system, the master control station 6 adjusts orbit parameters and onboard high-precision clocks of the satellites 2 when necessary to maintain accuracy.

[0158] Monitor stations 4 are usually installed over a broad geographic area, monitor signals and status of the satellites 2, and transmit this information to the master control station 6. The master control station 6 analyses the signals then transmits orbit and time corrections to the satellites 2 through data uploading stations 8.

[0159] The client segment consists of equipment, devices and systems 10, 20, 22, 24, 26 that processes the received navigation satellite system signals 5 from the GNSS satellites 2 and utilize them to derive and apply location and time information. The equipment, devices and systems comprise smartphones and other mobile devices and handheld devices 10 comprising GNSS receivers. The equipment, devices and systems further comprise vehicles, such as airplanes 22, cars 24 and ships 26, provided with GNSS receivers. The equipment, devices and systems further comprise fixed ground-based infrastructure networks 20 comprising infrastructure network nodes provided with GNSS receivers. The fixed ground-based infrastructure networks 20 comprise for example telecommunication networks, power and electricity networks, road and railroad infrastructure networks, lighting networks, district heating and cooling networks, and the like.

[0160] Both the fixed infrastructure networks 20 and the mobile or movable equipment and devices 10, 22, 24, 26 provide an infrastructure network comprising infrastructure network nodes provided with a navigation satellite system module having a navigation satellite system receiver. The infrastructure network nodes further comprise an infrastructure network communication module configured carry out data exchange in the infrastructure network.

[0161] Figure 2 shows schematically a fixed telecommunication network comprising telecommunication network base stations 20 at fixed geographical locations. The telecommunication network base stations 20 have fixed geographical locations and associated fixed GNSS coordinates. Thus, the geographical location of the fixed telecommunication network base stations 20 in the GNSS system is known.

[0162] In some embodiments, the telecommunication network is a mobile telecommunication network comprising mobile telecommunication network base stations 20 at fixed geographical locations. The mobile telecommunication network may be a 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G or 7G telecommunication network comprising telecommunication network base stations 20 at fixed geographical locations.

[0163] The telecommunication network may also be wide area network (WAN), Metropolitan area network (MAN), Local area network (LAN) or any other fixed telecommunication network comprising interconnected fixed infrastructure network stations.

[0164] The telecommunication network base stations 20 are provided with infrastructure network nodes 100 for operating the telecommunication network base stations 20. The infrastructure network node 100 is configured to receive carry out data exchange and communication in the telecommunication network 7 and between the base stations 20, as well as control operation of the telecommunication network and the base stations 20.

[0165] The telecommunication network base stations 20 are further provided with client nodes 300 comprising GNSS receiver (s). The client node 300 comprises a navigation satellite system module configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from the navigation satellites of the global navigation satellite and to generate signal data based on the received navigation satellite system signals 5.

[0166] The infrastructure network node 100 may also be configured to control operation of the telecommunication network and the base stations 20 based on the signal data received from the client node 300.

[0167] The infrastructure network node 100 and the client node are provided as separate devices or separate device units to the infrastructure network station 20, 22, 24, 26.

[0168] Figure 3 shows schematically a fixed electricity network comprising electricity network stations 21, 23, 25 as the infrastructure network stations at fixed geographical locations. The electricity network stations may comprise a power plant, electricity grid stations 23 and electricity user stations 25 connected to each other with power lines 9. The electricity network stations 21, 23, 25 have fixed geographical locations and associated GNSS coordinates. Thus, the geographical location of the fixed electricity network stations 21, 23, 25 in the GNSS system is known.

[0169] The electricity network stations 21, 23, 25 are provided with infrastructure network nodes 100 for operating or controlling the fixed electricity network and electricity network stations 21, 23, 25. The infrastructure network node 100 is configured to carry out data exchange and communication in the electricity network and between the electricity network stations 21, 23, 25, as well as control operation of the electricity network and the electricity network stations 21, 23, 25.

[0170] The electricity network stations 21, 23, 25 are further provided with client nodes 300 comprising GNSS receiver (s). The client node 300 comprises a navigation satellite system module configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from the navigation satellites of the global navigation satellite and to generate signal data based on the received navigation satellite system signals 5.

[0171] The infrastructure network node 100 may also be configured to control operation of the electricity network and the electricity network stations 21, 23, 25 based on the signal data received from the client node 300.

[0172] The infrastructure network node 100 may also be configured to be connected to the telecommunication network 7 and the telecommunication network base stations 20 thereof for carry out data exchange and communication in the electricity network and between the electricity network stations 21, 23, 25.

[0173] The general structure of the fixed electricity network may also be applied to district heating and cooling networks with similar fixed infrastructure network stations.

[0174] The general structure of the fixed electricity network may also be applied to road and railroad infrastructure networks having fixed infrastructure network stations such as cameras and sensors, like temperature sensors or motion sensors.

[0175] The general structure of the fixed electricity network may also be applied to lighting networks having fixed lighting devices as fixed infrastructure network stations.

[0176] Figure 4 shows a vehicle infrastructure network comprising vehicles infrastructure network stations 24. The vehicle infrastructure stations 24 are mobile infrastructure nodes without fixed geographical location and GNSS coordinates. The vehicle infrastructure stations 24 are provided as the vehicles. Thus, the geographical location of the vehicle infrastructure stations 24 changes and the geographical location is determined and updated by utilizing the navigation satellite system signals 5.

[0177] The vehicle infrastructure stations 24 may be cars, as in figure 4, or trains, airplanes 22 or ships 26 or the like. In some embodiments, the vehicle infrastructure network comprises fixed road or railroad stations.

[0178] The vehicle infrastructure stations 24 are provided with infrastructure network nodes 100 for operating or controlling the vehicle infrastructure network and the vehicle infrastructure stations 24. The infrastructure network node 100 is configured to carry out data exchange and communication 6 in the vehicle infrastructure network and between the vehicle infrastructure stations 24, as well as control operation of the vehicle infrastructure network and the vehicle infrastructure nodes 24.

[0179] The vehicle infrastructure stations 24 are further provided with client nodes 300 comprising GNSS receiver (s). The client node 300 comprises a navigation satellite system module configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from the navigation satellites of the global navigation satellite and to generate signal data based on the received navigation satellite system signals 5.

[0180] The infrastructure network node 100 may also be configured to control operation of the vehicle infrastructure network and the vehicle infrastructure stations 24 based on the signal data received from the client node 300.

[0181] The node element 100 may also be configured to be connected to the telecommunication network 7 and the telecommunication network base stations 20 thereof for carry out data exchange and communication in the vehicle infrastructure network and between the vehicle infrastructure nodes 24.

[0182] Accordingly, in some embodiments the infrastructure network is a fixed infrastructure network comprising fixed infrastructure network stations at fixed geographical locations. In alternative embodiments, the infrastructure network is a mobile client infrastructure network comprising mobile infrastructure network stations or a vehicle infrastructure network comprising vehicle infrastructure network stations. In some further embodiments, infrastructure network is a multi-client infrastructure network comprising both fixed infrastructure network stations at fixed geographical locations, and mobile or vehicle infrastructure network stations.

[0183] Figure 5 shows schematically one infrastructure network station 20. The infrastructure network station 20 in figure 5 is a telecommunication network base station. The same principle may be utilized to kind of the infrastructure network station 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26. The infrastructure network station 20 comprises infrastructure network station structure or support structure 29. The support structure 29 may be any kind of support structure such as a mast, pole, tower, building, vehicle or the like.

[0184] The infrastructure network node 100 is supported to the support structure 29. The client node 300 is also supported to the support structure 2.

[0185] Alternatively, the client node 30 is supported to the infrastructure network node 100.

[0186] The infrastructure network node 100 and the client node 300 are provided as separate devices or device units.

[0187] The infrastructure network station 20 further comprises a power supply 145.

[0188] The power supply 145 is provided with power inlet connection 148 via which power or electricity is supplied to the power supply 145.

[0189] The power supply 145 comprises one or more power outlets (not shown) for connecting the infrastructure network node 100, or the infrastructure network node 100 and the client node 300 for providing power supply.

[0190] The power inlet connection 148 may a connection to an electricity network or directly to a local power source, such a wind generator or solar power source.

[0191] Figure 6 shows schematically physical structures of the infrastructure network node 100 and the client node 300.

[0192] The infrastructure network node 100 comprises an infrastructure antenna unit 150 configured to send and receive data in the infrastructure network and / or between the infrastructure network nodes.

[0193] The infrastructure network node 100 comprises an operating unit 120. The operating unit 120 is connected to the antenna unit 150 for carrying out data exchange to and from the operating unit.

[0194] The operating unit 120 is further connected to a network core or control centre 130, at least in telecommunication networks.

[0195] The infrastructure network node 100 further comprises a power unit 140 connected to power supply 145 with a first power connection 142. The infrastructure network node 100 also comprises a battery connected to the power unit 140 for backup. The battery 144 may also be omitted. The power unit 140 is connected to the operating unit 120 for providing power to the operating unit 120.

[0196] The operating unit 120 comprises an infrastructure network communication module 122 configured carry out data exchange in the infrastructure network.

[0197] The infrastructure network communication module 122 comprises for example 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G, 7G or beyond core or any other telecommunication core configured to carry out data exchange in the infrastructure network.

[0198] The operating unit 120 further comprises an infrastructure network control module 123 configured to control the data exchange via the infrastructure network communication module 122.

[0199] The client node 300 comprises a GNSS antenna unit 350 configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from the navigation satellites 2 of the global navigation satellite system.

[0200] The client node 300 comprises a navigation satellite system module 324 having a navigation satellite system receiver 360, 362 configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from GNSS antenna unit 350.

[0201] The client node 300 of the navigation satellite system receiver 360, 362 is configured to receive generate signal data based on the received navigation satellite system signals 5.

[0202] As shown in figure 6, the client node 300 is connected to the infrastructure network node 100 of the infrastructure network station 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 with a data transfer connection 302, and the infrastructure network node 100 is configured to receive signal data directly from the client node 300 via the data transfer connection 302. The infrastructure network node 100 is connected to the power supply 145, and the client node 300 is connected to the infrastructure network node 100 with a client power supply connection 304 such that power is supplied to the client node 300 from the infrastructure network node 100.

[0203] In the infrastructure network it is usually required that operation of the infrastructure network nodes 100 is coordinated and controlled such that the infrastructure network nodes 100 operate efficiently and in correct manner together in the infrastructure network. Therefore, timing and synchronization of the infrastructure network nodes 100 in the infrastructure network are required.

[0204] The infrastructure network control module 123 configured to control timing and synchronization of the infrastructure network node 100 in the infrastructure network based on the signal data received from the client node 300. GNSS satellites provide x, y, z coordinates and precise time information to the receiver. Fundamentals of any GNSS system is that all satellite clocks are synchronized with precise time. The navigation satellites 2 broadcast coded navigation satellite system signals 5 at exact times while the receivers 360, 362 estimates the exact time it takes for each navigation satellite system signal 5 to travel from the navigation satellite 2 to the receiver 360, 362. The position of the GNSS receiver 360, 362 is then calculated as a function of the time of flight of each navigation satellite system signal 5 from the navigation satellite 2 to the receiver 360, 362. Therefore, the navigation satellite system signals 5 are used for timing and synchronization of operation of the infrastructure network nodes 100 in the infrastructure network. Thus, the infrastructure network nodes 100 in the infrastructure network are configured to utilize the navigation satellite system signals 5 for operating the infrastructure network nodes and the infrastructure network in efficient manner such that errors may be prevented.

[0205] Figure 9 shows schematically a GNSS receiver 360, 362. The GNNS receiver is configured to generate signal data comprising navigation output messages 30 which comprises location information and precise time information. The infrastructure network control module 123 is configured to control timing, or synchronization, or timing and synchronization of the infrastructure network node 100 in the infrastructure network based on the signal data and the navigation output messages 30 generated by the navigation satellite system receiver 360, 362. The navigation output messages mean navigation output data comprising location and time data.

[0206] The navigation satellite system receiver 360, 362 is further configured to generate signal data comprising signal characteristic output messages 32. The signal characteristic output messages comprise information of the navigation satellite signal 5 itself, as received from each navigation satellite at each frequency. The signal characteristic output messages comprise for example carrier phase information, code phase information, pseudoranges information and pseudorange rates information.

[0207] A meteorological modelling module 328 according to the present invention is configured to calculate the atmospheric delay based on the signal data and the signal characteristics output messages 32 generated by the navigation satellite system receiver 360, 362. The signal characteristics output messages mean navigation satellite system raw signal data.

[0208] The signal data generated by the client node 300 or the navigation satellite system receiver 360, 362 thereof comprises the navigation output messages 30 and the characteristics output messages 32. Accordingly, providing the infrastructure network node 100 with a separate client node 300 enables both controlling timing, or synchronization, or timing and synchronization of the infrastructure network node 100 and calculate the atmospheric delay.

[0209] The system of the present invention further comprises a meteorological modelling module 328. The meteorological modelling module 328 is configured to determine atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal 5 between the navigation satellite 2 and the client node 300. The meteorological modelling module 328 is further configured to calculate atmospheric quantity in a direction between the navigation satellite 2 and the client node 300 based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite 2 and the client node 300.

[0210] As shown in figure 6, the meteorological modelling module 328 is provided to the client node 300. The meteorological modelling module 328 is arranged to receive the signal data, or data representing the navigation satellite system signals 5, from the navigation satellite system module 324.

[0211] In an alternative embodiment, the meteorological modelling module 328 is provided to the infrastructure network node 100.

[0212] Figure 7 shows an alternative embodiment in which the system comprises an external meteorological modelling server 329 arranged in data exchange connection with the infrastructure network nodes 100 of the infrastructure network. The meteorological modelling module 328 is provided to the external meteorological modelling server 329. The external meteorological modelling server 329 is connected to the infrastructure network nodes 100 via a telecommunication network 7. The external meteorological modelling server 329 is connected to the infrastructure network nodes 100 via the infrastructure network communication module 122.

[0213] Thus, the external meteorological modelling server 329 is connected to the infrastructure network nodes via the telecommunication network and arranged to receive the signal data from the infrastructure network node 100. The infrastructure network node 100 is configured to receive the signal data from the client node 300 and the navigation satellite system module 324 thereof.

[0214] In the embodiment of figure 7, the infrastructure network station 20 comprises the power supply 145, and the infrastructure network node 100 and the client node 300 are separately connected to power supply 145. The client node 300 is directly connected to the power supply 145 with the client power connection 304 such that power is supplied to the client node 300 from the power supply 145 of the infrastructure network station 20.

[0215] In a further alternative embodiment, the system is provided as distributed system in which the meteorological modelling module 328 and operation thereof is distributed between at least two of the following: the infrastructure network nodes 100, the client nodes 300 and an external meteorological modelling server 329 arranged in data exchange connection with the infrastructure network nodes 100 of the infrastructure network.

[0216] In one embodiment, a first sub-module of the meteorological modelling module 328 is provided to and carried out in the infrastructure network nodes 100 or the client nodes 300. The first sub-module of the meteorological modelling module 328 is configured to determine atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal 5 between the navigation satellite 2 and the client node 300.

[0217] A second sub-module of the meteorological modelling module 328 is provided to and carried out in the external meteorological modelling server 329. The second sub-module of the meteorological modelling module 328 is configured to calculate atmospheric quantity in a direction between the navigation satellite 2 and the client node 300 based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite 2 and the client node 300.

[0218] In some embodiments, the meteorological modelling module 328 is further configured to generate a meteorological model based on the calculate atmospheric quantities. The meteorological model comprising the calculated atmospheric quantities.

[0219] In some embodiments, the meteorological modelling module 328 is further configured to determine geographical location of each of the client nodes 300 or the infrastructure network stations based on the navigation satellite signals 5 received in each of the client nodes 300 or the infrastructure network stations 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, respectively. The meteorological modelling module 328 is further configured to associate the determined geographical locations of the client nodes 300 or the infrastructure network stations 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 with the calculated atmospheric quantities. The meteorological model comprising the calculated atmospheric quantities associated with geographical location information. Thus, a location-based meteorological model is generated.

[0220] Determining the geographical location of each of the client nodes 300 or the infrastructure network stations 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 may be carried out in each of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0221] In an alternative embodiment, the system comprises one or more predetermined meteorological models, and the meteorological modelling module 328 is further configured to update the one or more pre-determined meteorological models based on the calculated atmospheric quantities.

[0222] The geographical location information is associated to the one or more pre-determined meteorological models and also to the calculated atmospheric quantities such that location-based updating is carried out.

[0223] Generating the meteorological model or updating the one or more meteorological models is carried in the meteorological modelling module 328 in the operating unit 120 of infrastructure network node 100, or in the external meteorological modelling server 329 or in the second sub-module of the meteorological modelling module 328.

[0224] Navigation satellite system signals 5 pass through space from the navigation satellites 2 to the client node 300 and navigation satellite system receivers 360, 362. Most of space is near vacuum. To calculate accurate position, the receiver needs to know the length and direct path of the navigation satellite system signals 5 from the navigation satellites 2 to the client node 300 and navigation satellite system receivers 360, 362. Radio waves do not travel in a straight path. Navigation satellite system signals 5 travelling from the navigation satellite 2 to the navigation satellite system receivers 360, 362 are bent as they pass through the different layers during the travel. This bending has an effect and increase to the amount of time the navigation satellite system signal 5 travels from the navigation satellite to the navigation satellite system receivers 360, 362.

[0225] By comparing a straight line of sight to the actual path the signal travels one can determine how much atmosphere and different atmospheric variables affect the navigation satellite system signal 5. The meteorological modelling module 328 utilizes characteristics of the navigation satellite system signal 5 to calculate the amount of water vapor, pressure and temperature in the atmosphere.

[0226] Figure 8 shows a schematic configuration example of the meteorological modelling module 128. The meteorological modelling module 128 comprises components from an input unit 101 to an output unit 107.

[0227] The input unit 101 is configured to receive the signal data.

[0228] A Zenith Tropospheric Delay unit 102 is configured to determine Zenith Tropospheric Delay of the navigation satellite signals 5 between the navigation satellite 2 and the client node 300 based on the signal data received in the client node 300 and navigation satellite system module 324.

[0229] The Zenith Tropospheric Delay unit 102 comprises a Zenith Tropospheric Delay calculation algorithm configured to calculated Zenith Tropospheric Delay based on the signal data. The signal data is input to the Zenith Tropospheric Delay calculation algorithm. Output of the Zenith Tropospheric Delay calculation algorithm is Zenith Tropospheric Delay between the navigation satellite 2 and the client node 300.

[0230] In some embodiments, Zenith Tropospheric Delay unit 102 is further configured to calculate Zenith Wet Delay of the navigation satellite system signals 5 between the two or more navigation satellites 2 and the client node 300 based on the determined Zenith Tropospheric Delay.

[0231] The navigation satellite system signals 5 are refracted nondispersively by the atmosphere (troposphere and stratosphere), with the signal delays at particular elevation angles and azimuths are mapped to form the Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD). The ZTD can be attributed to the hydrostatic and the nonhydrostatic components of the atmosphere, which are mapped to the zenith using separate hydrostatic and wet mapping algorithms. Because of the well-mixed nature of the hydrostatic gases in the atmosphere, a Zenith Hydrostatic Delay (ZHD) can be accurately calculated using local surface pressure and temperature measurements. The additional delay resulting from the water vapor is the Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD). Therefore, the Zenith Wet Delay is calculated by subtracting the Zenith Hydrostatic Delay from the Zenith Tropospheric Delay.

[0232] Figure 11 shows schematically the bending of the navigation satellite system signal 5 between the navigation satellites 2 and the client node 300. The linear line 5’ represents direct line from the navigation satellite 2 to the and the infrastructure network node 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, and the curved line 5 represent the real path of the navigation satellite system signal 5.

[0233] An atmospheric quantity unit 104 is configured to calculate atmospheric quantity in a direction between the navigation satellite 2 and the client node 300 based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite 2 and the client node 300.

[0234] The atmospheric quantity unit 104 comprises an atmospheric quantity calculation algorithm configured to calculated one or more atmospheric quantities based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite 2 and the client node 300.

[0235] The atmospheric quantity is one or more of temperature, pressure and humidity in the atmosphere.

[0236] The atmospheric quantity unit 104 comprises an atmospheric temperature calculation algorithm configured to calculate atmospheric temperature. In another embodiment atmospheric quantity unit 104 comprises an atmospheric pressure calculation algorithm configured to calculate atmospheric temperature. In a further embodiment atmospheric quantity unit 104 comprises an atmospheric humidity calculation algorithm configured to calculate atmospheric humidity.

[0237] In a yet further embodiment atmospheric quantity unit 104 comprises an atmospheric quantity calculation algorithm configured to calculate one or more of atmospheric humidity, atmospheric temperature, atmospheric pressure and atmospheric wind.

[0238] The determined atmospheric delay is input to the atmospheric quantity calculation algorithm. Output of the atmospheric quantity calculation algorithm is value representing the atmospheric quantity in the atmosphere in the direction between the navigation satellite 2 and the client node 300.

[0239] In some embodiments, the atmospheric delay inputted to the atmospheric quantity calculation algorithm is the Zenith Wet Delay or the Zenith Tropospheric Delay. In some further embodiments, the atmospheric delay inputted to the atmospheric quantity calculation algorithm comprises both the Zenith Wet Delay or the Zenith Tropospheric Delay.

[0240] A Tomography unit 105 is configured to determine three-dimensional water vapor distribution in the atmosphere based on the navigation satellite system signals 5 received in the navigation satellite system module 324 from two or more navigation satellites 2.

[0241] The Tomography unit 105 comprises a Tomography calculation algorithm configured to calculate atmospheric water vapor between the navigation satellite 2 and the infrastructure network nodes based on the navigation satellite signals 5 received in the infrastructure network nodes.

[0242] In some embodiments, the determined atmospheric delay is input to the Tomography calculation algorithm. Output of the Tomography calculation algorithm is a three-dimensional water vapor model representing three- dimensional distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere.

[0243] In some embodiments, the atmospheric delay inputted to the Tomography calculation algorithm is the Zenith Wet Delay or the Zenith Tropospheric Delay. In some further embodiments, the atmospheric delay inputted to the Tomography calculation algorithm comprises both the Zenith Wet Delay or the Zenith Tropospheric Delay.

[0244] In further embodiments, the output of the atmospheric quantity calculation algorithm is input to the Tomography calculation algorithm. Output of the Tomography calculation algorithm is a three-dimensional water vapor model representing three-dimensional distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere. Thus, the inputs are the values representing the atmospheric quantity in the atmosphere in the directions between the navigation satellites 2 and the client node 300.

[0245] A modelling unit 106 is configured to generate the meteorological model based on the calculated atmospheric quantities or update the predetermined meteorological models, as disclosed above. The meteorological model comprises one or more of the calculated atmospheric quantities. In some embodiments, the meteorological model comprises one or more of the calculated atmospheric quantities and / or the three-dimensional water vapor model representing three-dimensional distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere based on the Tomography unit 105.

[0246] An output unit 107 is configured to output the generated meteorological model from the meteorological modelling module 328.

[0247] The meteorological modelling module 328 comprises a database 110.

[0248] The database 110 comprises a navigation satellite system signal database 111 configured to store signal data and / or raw signal data of the navigation satellite system signals 5 received in the client nodes 300.

[0249] The database 110 comprises a process database 112 configured to store output of one or more of the Zenith Tropospheric Delay unit 102, the atmospheric quantity unit 104 and the Tomography unit 105.

[0250] The database 110 comprises a model database 113 configured to store the meteorological models and / or the pre-determined meteorological models.

[0251] The system of the invention may comprise one or more different global navigation satellite systems. Therefore, the navigation satellite system module 324 may comprise a multi-system navigation satellite system receiver 360, 362 configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from the navigation satellites 2 of two or more global navigation satellite systems. Alternatively, the navigation satellite system module 324 comprises a first navigation satellite system receiver 360 configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from the navigation satellites 2 of a first global navigation satellite system, and a second navigation satellite system receiver 362 configured to receive configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from the navigation satellites 2 of a second global navigation satellite system.

[0252] The navigation satellites 2 send navigation satellite system signal 5 in multiple different frequencies.

[0253] In some embodiments, the navigation satellite system receiver 360, 362 is a single frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from navigation satellites 2 on one frequency.

[0254] In some preferred embodiments, the navigation satellite system receiver 360, 362 is a dual-frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from navigation satellites 2 on at least two different frequencies.

[0255] In some preferred embodiments, the navigation satellite system receiver 360, 362 is a dual-frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 having a first frequency and navigation satellite system signals 5 having a second frequency.

[0256] In some other preferred embodiments, the navigation satellite system receiver 360, 362 is a multi-frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 on multiple different frequencies.

[0257] In some other preferred embodiments, the navigation satellite system module 324 comprises a first frequency navigation satellite system receiver 360, 362 configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 having a first frequency, and a second frequency navigation satellite system receiver 360, 362 configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 having a second frequency.

[0258] In some embodiments, the global navigation satellite system module is configured to receive GPS signals, the GPS signals having at least two of frequency bands LI, L2 and L5.

[0259] In some other embodiments, the global navigation satellite system module 324 is configured to receive Glonass system signals, the Glonass system signals having at least two of frequency bands Gl, G2 and G3.

[0260] In some further embodiments, the global navigation satellite system module 324 is configured to receive Galileo system signals, the Galileo system signals having at least two of frequency bands El, E5a, E5b and E6.

[0261] In further embodiments, the global navigation satellite system module 324 is configured to receive frequency bands LI, L2 and L5.

[0262] In some other embodiments, the global navigation satellite system module 324 is configured to receive Glonass system signals, the Glonass system signals having at least two of frequency bands Gl, G2, G3, El, E5a, E5b, E6, LI, L2 and L5.

[0263] In some other embodiments, the navigation satellite system module 324 is configured to receive QZSS system signals, the QZSS system signals having at least two frequency bands LI and L5.

[0264] The delay of navigation satellite system signals usually comprises ionospheric part and tropospheric part. Using multi-frequency, or dual-frequency receivers or two or more receivers, the ionospheric part of the delay may be removed. Ionospheric delay varies with frequency, so it impacts the various GNSS signals differently. By comparing the delays of two or more different frequencies the ionospheric part of the delay may be removed. Thus, the atmospheric quantities may be calculated more accurately. In the context of this application the atmospheric quantities and atmospheric delay relate to tropospheric quantities and tropospheric delay.

[0265] Figure 11 shows schematically, that each of the client node 300 is configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from plurality of navigation satellites 2. Thus, the atmospheric quantities and the meteorological modelling is carried out in plurality of directions from each other the client nodes 300.

[0266] Figure 12 further shows schematically multiple infrastructure network stations 20 each of which is configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from plurality of navigation satellites 2 via the client nodes 300. Therefore, three-dimensional distribution of the atmospheric quantities is determined and also a three-dimensional meteorological model generated.

[0267] Figure 12 further disclose that the system comprises one or more atmospheric sensors 200 arranged in communication connection with the meteorological modelling module 328. The sensors 200 may be temperature sensors, humidity sensors, pressure sensors or the like sensors. The sensors 200 may be connected with the meteorological modelling module 328 for example via a telecommunication network 7.

[0268] The meteorological modelling module 328 is configured to receive atmospheric measurement data from the one or more atmospheric sensors 200 and determine the three-dimensional distribution of the one or more atmospheric quantities in the atmosphere based on the navigation satellite system signals 5 and the atmospheric measurement data from the one or more atmospheric sensors 200.

[0269] In some embodiments, the meteorological modelling module 328 is configured to receive precise orbit data, or ephemeris, from an external ephemeris server, such as 1GS. The ephemeris server is configured to determine or calculate precise orbit data of navigation satellites. The orbit data received with the navigation satellite system signals has minor inaccuracies which are eliminated by the calculations carried out by the ephemeris server. The meteorological modelling module 328 is configured to receive precise orbit data from the ephemeris server and determine the three-dimensional distribution of the one or more atmospheric quantities in the atmosphere based on the navigation satellite system signals 5 and the ephemeris data, and possible also with the atmospheric measurement data from the sensors 200. The invention has been described above with reference to the examples shown in the figures. However, the invention is in no way restricted to the above examples but may vary within the scope of the claims.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A system for meteorological modelling, the system comprising global navigation satellite system comprising:- a space segment having navigation satellites (2),- a control segment having ground-based satellite stations (4, 6, 8), and- a client segment having a plurality of navigation satellite signal receiving client nodes (300), c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the client segment comprises an infrastructure network comprising a plurality of separate infrastructure network stations (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) provided over a geographical area, the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) comprising:- an infrastructure network node (100) comprising: an infrastructure network communication module (122) configured to carry out data exchange in the infrastructure network and between the infrastructure network nodes (100) provided to the infrastructure network stations (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) of the infrastructure network, and an infrastructure network control module (123) configured to control data exchange via the infrastructure network communication module (122) and to control operation of the infrastructure network node (100), and- a navigation satellite signal receiving client node (300), the client node (300) comprising a navigation satellite system module (324) configured to receive navigation satellite system signals (5) from the navigation satellites (2) of the global navigation satellite and to generate signal data based on the received navigation satellite system signals (5),- the client node (300) and the infrastructure network node (100) are provided as separate device units and provided to the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), and- the client node (300) is arranged in direct data transfer connection with the infrastructure network node (100) in the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26),- the infrastructure network node (100) is configured to receive signal data from the client node (300), and- the infrastructure network communication module (122) of the infrastructure network node (100) is configured to transmit signal data received from the client node (300) in the infrastructure network, the system further comprising a meteorological modelling module(128) configured to:- determine the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal (5) between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) provided to the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the signal data, and- calculate an atmospheric quantity between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) provided to the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal (5) between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) provided to the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26).

2. A system according to claim 1, characterized in that the client node (300) and the infrastructure network node (100) are supported to a structure of the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26).

3. A system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the client node (300) of the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) is connected to the infrastructure network node (100) of the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) with a data transfer connection (302), and the infrastructure network node (100) is configured to receive signal data directly from the client node (300) via the data transfer connection (302).

4. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that:- the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) comprises a power supply (145), and the infrastructure network node (100) and the client node (300) are separately connected to power supply (145); or- the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) comprises a power supply (145), the infrastructure network node (100) is connected to power supply (145), and the client node (300) is connected to the infrastructure network node (100) with a client power supply connection (304).

5. A system according to any one or claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the system comprises two or more different global navigation satellite systems, and the navigation satellite system module (324) comprises:- a multi-system navigation satellite system receiver (360, 362)configured to receive navigation satellite system signals (5) from the navigation satellites (2) of two or more global navigation satellite systems; or- a first navigation satellite system receiver (360) configured to receive navigation satellite system signals (5) from the navigation satellites (2) of a first global navigation satellite system, and- a second navigation satellite system receiver (362) configured to receive navigation satellite system signals (5) from the navigation satellites (2) of a second global navigation satellite system.

6. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the infrastructure network is a fixed infrastructure network comprising fixed infrastructure network stations (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) at fixed geographical locations.

7. A system according to claim 6, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the infrastructure network is:- a fixed telecommunication network comprising telecommunication network base stations as the infrastructure network stations (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) at fixed geographical locations; or- a mobile telecommunication network comprising mobile telecommunication network base stations as the infrastructure network stations (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) at fixed geographical locations; or- a 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G or 7G telecommunication network comprising telecommunication network base stations as the infrastructure network stations (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) at fixed geographical locations.

8. A system according to claim 6, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the infrastructure network is:- an energy infrastructure network comprising energy control base stations as the infrastructure network stations (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) at fixed geographical locations; or- a road or railroad infrastructure network comprising road control base stations as the infrastructure network stations (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) at fixed geographical locations; or- a lighting infrastructure network comprising lighting control base stations as the infrastructure network stations (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) at fixedgeographical locations.

9. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the infrastructure network is- a mobile client infrastructure network comprising mobile infrastructure network stations (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26); or- a vehicle infrastructure network comprising vehicle infrastructure network stations (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26).

10. A system according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the infrastructure network is a multi-client infrastructure network comprising:- fixed infrastructure network stations (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) at fixed geographical locations, and- mobile infrastructure network stations (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26).

11. A system according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that:- the navigation satellite system receiver (360, 362) is a single frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals (5) from navigation satellites (2) on one frequency; or- the navigation satellite system receiver (360, 362) is a dualfrequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals (5) having a first frequency and navigation satellite system signals (5) having a second frequency; or- the navigation satellite system receiver (360, 362) is a multifrequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals (5) on multiple different frequencies; or- a navigation satellite system module (324) comprises a first frequency navigation satellite system receiver (360, 362) configured to receive navigation satellite system signals (5) having a first frequency, and- a second frequency navigation satellite system receiver (360, 362) configured to receive navigation satellite system signals (5) having a second frequency.

12. A system according to claim 11, characterized in that:- the meteorological modelling module (328) is configured to determine atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal (5) between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) provided to the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the navigation satellite signal (5) having the first frequency and the navigation satellite system signal (5) having the second frequency; or- the meteorological modelling module (328) is configured to determine atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal (5) between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) provided to the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) the navigation satellite (2) and the infrastructure network node (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the navigation satellite system signals (5) having different frequencies.

13. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the infrastructure network control module (123) is configured to control timing, or synchronization, or timing and synchronization of the infrastructure network node (100) of the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) in the infrastructure network based on the signal data received from the client node (300).

14. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that:- the meteorological modelling module (328) is provided to the client node (300), the signal data received the infrastructure network node (100) comprises the calculated atmospheric quantity, and the infrastructure network communication module (122) of the infrastructure network node (100) is configured to transmit the signal data comprising the atmospheric quantity in the infrastructure network; or- the meteorological modelling module (328) is provided to the infrastructure network node (100), and the infrastructure network communication module (122) of the infrastructure network node (100) is configured to transmit the signal data comprising the atmospheric quantity in the infrastructure network; or- the system comprises an external meteorological modelling server (329) arranged in data exchange connection with the infrastructure network nodes (100) of the infrastructure network stations (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) of theinfrastructure network, the meteorological modelling module (328) is provided to the external meteorological modelling server (329), and the external meteorological modelling server (329) is configured to receive the signal data from the infrastructure network node (100) via the infrastructure network; or- the system is provided as distributed system in which the meteorological modelling module (328) and operation thereof is distributed between at least two of the following: client nodes (300), the infrastructure network nodes (100) and an external meteorological modelling server (329) arranged in data exchange connection with the infrastructure network nodes (100) of the infrastructure network.

15. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 14, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the system is configured to carry out the method according any one of claims 16 to 24.

16. A method for meteorological modelling, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the method being carried out in connection with an infrastructure network comprising plurality of separate infrastructure network stations (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) provided over a geographical area, the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) comprise:- an infrastructure network node (100) comprising: an infrastructure network communication module (122) configured to carry out data exchange in the infrastructure network and between the infrastructure network nodes (100) provided to the infrastructure network stations (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) of the infrastructure network, and an infrastructure network control module (123) configured to control data exchange via the infrastructure network communication module (122) and to control operation of the infrastructure network node (100), and- a navigation satellite signal receiving client node (300), the client node (300) comprising a navigation satellite system module (324) configured to receive navigation satellite system signals (5) from the navigation satellites (2) of the global navigation satellite and to generate signal data based on the received navigation satellite system signals (5), and- the client node (300) and the infrastructure network node (100) are provided as separate device units and provided to the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26),the method comprising:- carrying out data exchange in the infrastructure network between the infrastructure network nodes (100) of the separate infrastructure network stations (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26),- receiving navigation satellite system signals (5) from navigation satellites (2) of a global navigation satellite system in the navigation satellite signal receiving client nodes (300) of the separate infrastructure network stations (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), and generating signal data based on the received navigation satellite signals (5) in the client node (300),- receiving signal data in the infrastructure network node (100) directly from the client node (300), and- transmitting signal data in the infrastructure network with the infrastructure network communication module (122) of the infrastructure network node (100), the method further comprises:- determine atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals (5) between the navigation satellites (2) and the client node (300) provided to the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the signal data, and- calculating atmospheric quantities between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) based on the determined atmospheric delays of the navigation satellite system signals (5) between the navigation satellites (2) and the client node (300) provided to the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26).

17. A method according to claim 16, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the method comprises receiving signal data in the infrastructure network node (100) directly from the client node (300) via a data transfer connection (302) provided between the infrastructure network node (100) and the client node (300) in the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26).

18. A method according to claim 16 or 17, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that:- the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) comprises a power supply (145), and the method comprises providing power to the client node (300) from the power supply (145) of the infrastructure networkstation (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26); or- the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) comprises a power supply (145), the infrastructure network node (100) is connected to power supply (145), and the method comprises providing power to the client node (300) from the infrastructure network node (100) of the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26).

19. A method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the method comprises:- controlling operation of the infrastructure network node (100) of the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) in the infrastructure network based on the signal data received from the client node (300); or- controlling timing, or synchronization, or timing and synchronization of the infrastructure network node (100) of the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) in the infrastructure network with the infrastructure network control module (123) based on the signal data received from the client node (300).

20. A method according to any one of claims 16 to 19, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the method comprises:- calculating the atmospheric quantities in the client node (300) of the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), the signal data received the infrastructure network node (100) from the client node (300) comprises the calculated atmospheric quantity, and the infrastructure network communication module (122) of the infrastructure network node (100) is configured to transmit in the infrastructure network the signal data comprising the calculated atmospheric quantity; or- calculating the atmospheric quantities in the infrastructure network node (100) of the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), and the infrastructure network communication module (122) of the infrastructure network node (100) is configured to transmit in the infrastructure network the signal data comprising the calculated atmospheric quantity; or- receiving the signal data in an external meteorological modelling server (329) from infrastructure network node (100) via the infrastructure network, and calculating the atmospheric quantities in the external meteorological modelling server (329); or- calculating the atmospheric quantities in a distributed manner by utilizing at least two of the following: the client nodes (300), the infrastructure network nodes (100) and an external meteorological modelling server (329) arranged in data exchange connection with the infrastructure network nodes (100) of the infrastructure network.

21. A method according to any one of claims 16 to 20, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the method comprises:- determining tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal (5) between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) provided to the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the navigation satellite signal (5) received in the navigation satellite system module (324); or- determining tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signals (5) between two or more navigation satellites (2) and the and the client node (300) provided to the infrastructure network station (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) based on the navigation satellite system signals (5) received in the navigation satellite system module (324).

22. A method according to any one of claims 16 to 21, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the method comprises carrying out global navigation satellite system tomography for the atmospheric quantity between two or more navigation satellites (2) and one or more client nodes (300) provided to one or more infrastructure network stations (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), respectively, based on the signal data generated from navigation satellite system signals (5) received in the received in the navigation satellite system modules (324) of the one or more client nodes (300).

23. A method according to any one of claims 16 to 22, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the atmospheric quantity is one or more of the following:- atmospheric refractivity- water vapor;- temperature;- pressure;- humidity- liquid water;- ice; and- wind.

24. A method according to any one of claims 16 to 23, characterized in that the method is carried out with a system according to the any of claims 1 to 15.