Force amplification system

Abstract

NOT VISIBLE DUE TO STATUS OF PATENT

Description

[0001] FORCE AMPLIFICATION SYSTEM

[0002] The invention relates generally to a system for amplifying forces. More specifically, but not exclusively, the invention relates to a system for amplifying forces via a plurality of levers.

[0003] Background

[0004] Large forces are needed for various applications across a wide range of technical fields. For example, on constructions sites and other areas, heavy loads are lifted repeatedly which requires the application of large forces.

[0005] Another example application of large forces is for creating diamonds. Creation of man-made diamonds requires pressure of around 5,000,000 KPa, which can be achieved by generating very large forces.

[0006] The present invention has been devised with the foregoing in mind.

[0007] Summary of Invention

[0008] According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a force amplification system.

[0009] The system comprises an input lever configured to receive an input force. The system comprises an output lever configured to deliver an output force. The system comprises a force transfer mechanism configured to transfer force from the input lever to the output lever. The mechanical advantage provided by the force amplification system is provided by the combined mechanical advantage of the input lever and the output lever.

[0010] Each of the input lever and the output lever may be first class levers.

[0011] By transferring force from the input lever to the output lever via a force transfer mechanism, the mechanical advantage of each lever can be combined to create a larger total mechanical advantage.

[0012] The input force may be a periodic input force. The input force may be sinusoidal. The input force may be defined by a square wave. The input force may be provided by a battery. The input force may be provided by a turbine. The input force may be provided by a motor.

[0013] The system may comprise an intermediate lever. The force transfer mechanism may be configured to transfer force from the input lever to the output lever via the intermediate lever.

[0014] The force amplification system may comprise a plurality of intermediate levers. The force transfer mechanism may transfer force from the input lever to the output lever via the plurality of intermediate levers such that the mechanical advantage provided by the force amplification system is given by the combined mechanical advantage of the input lever, output lever, and the plurality of intermediate levers. The force transfer mechanism may comprise one or more lever connectors. Each of the one or more lever connectors may transfer force from a lever on a first side of the lever connector to a lever on a second side of the lever connector.

[0015] Force may be transferred from the input lever to the output lever via each of the intermediate levers. As the force is transferred through each lever, the force may be increased by a factor equal to the mechanical advantage of said lever.

[0016] Using one or more intermediate levers may increase the total mechanical advantage provided by the system.

[0017] One or more of the lever connectors may be hydraulic lever connectors. Each of the lever connectors may be hydraulic lever connectors. The hydraulic lever connectors may pressure a hydraulic fluid and use the pressurised hydraulic fluid to transfer force from the lever on the first side of the lever connector to the lever on the second side of the lever connector.

[0018] Using hydraulic lever connectors may reduce the friction associated with the lever connectors, thereby exerting a greater resultant force on levers in the system.

[0019] One or more of the lever connectors may comprise a chamber filled with hydraulic fluid, an input piston configured to transfer force from the lever on the first side of the lever connector to the hydraulic fluid, and an output piston configured to transfer force from the hydraulic fluid to the lever on the second side of the lever connector. The hydraulic fluid may be hydraulic oil. The chamber may comprise one or more inlet valves. The chamber may comprise one or more outlet valves. The chamber may be cylindrical.

[0020] The input piston and the lever on the first side of the lever connector may be rotatably connected. The input piston and the lever on the first side of the lever connector may be rotatably connected via a wheel. The input piston and the lever on the first side of the lever connector may be rotatably connected via a hinge. The input piston may be fork-shaped, comprising a pair of prongs. The wheel may be disposed between the prongs.

[0021] The output piston and the lever on the second side of the lever connector may be rotatably connected. The output piston and the lever on the second side of the lever connector may be rotatably connected using a wheel. The output piston and the lever on the second side of the lever connector may be rotatably connected using a hinge. The input piston may be fork-shaped, comprising a pair of prongs. The wheel may be disposed between the prongs.

[0022] The input piston may be partially retained within the chamber and may be configured to move within the chamber.

[0023] The output piston may be partially retained within the chamber and may be configured to move within the chamber. The system may comprise a seal between the input piston and the chamber.

[0024] The system may comprise a seal between the output piston and the chamber.

[0025] One or more of the lever connectors may be configured to translate force from a first direction to a second direction. The first and second directions may be perpendicular.

[0026] The output piston of the lever connector may be configured to actuate a scissor mechanism. The scissor mechanism may transfer force to the lever on the second side of the lever connector.

[0027] One or more of the lever connectors may comprise a first guide connected to the lever on the first side of the lever connector and a second guide connected to the lever on the second side of the lever connector. Such lever connectors may comprise a retainer configured to maintain contact between the first and second guides such that force can be transferred between the levers via the guides. The retainer may be a spring.

[0028] The first and second guides may comprise corresponding grooves. The grooves may be circumferential grooves.

[0029] At least one of the levers provides a mechanical advantage of at least 10. Each of the levers may provide a mechanical advantage of at least 10. The mechanical advantage provided by the force amplification system may be at least 1000.

[0030] According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of amplifying an input force. The method of the second aspect may be performed using the system of the first aspect.

[0031] The method may comprise: applying the input force to an input lever; transferring a force from the input lever to an output lever via a force transfer mechanism; and outputting an output force from the output lever.

[0032] The method may comprise: applying the input force to an input lever; transferring a force generated by the input lever to an intermediate lever via a first lever connector; transferring a force generated by the intermediate lever to an output lever via a second lever connector; and outputting an output force from the output lever.

[0033] According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a lever for use in a force amplification system. The lever may be for use in the force amplification system of the first aspect.

[0034] The lever may be configured to rotate from a first orientation to a second orientation. The lever may comprise a first portion and a second portion, wherein the longitudinal axis of the second portion is angled between 0-90° relative to the longitudinal axis of the first portion.

[0035] The lever may comprise a pivot point disposed on, or connected to, the first portion.

[0036] The lever may comprise a weight redistribution system.

[0037] The weight redistribution system may be configured such that, as the lever rotates from the first orientation to the second orientation, weight is redistributed along the length of the first and / or second portions away from the pivot point.

[0038] The weight redistribution system may be configured such that, as the lever rotates from the first orientation to the second orientation, weight is redistributed along the length of the first and / or second portions to increase the torque exerted on the lever about the pivot point by the weight redistribution system.

[0039] The weight redistribution system may be configured such that, as the lever rotates from the second orientation to the first orientation, weight is redistributed along the length of the first and / or second portions to reduce the torque exerted on the lever about the pivot point by the weight redistribution system.

[0040] The weight redistribution system may comprise a first weight configured to translate along the length of the first portion. The first weight may be configured to translate away from the pivot point during rotation of the lever from the first orientation to the second orientation.

[0041] The weight redistribution system may comprise a second weight configured to translate along the length of second portion. The second weight may be configured to translate away from the pivot point during rotation of the lever from the first orientation to the second orientation.

[0042] The first and second portions may be connected via an elongate member

[0043] The weight redistribution system may comprise a container containing a liquid. The liquid may be free to flow within the container as the lever rotates between the first and second orientations.

[0044] In the first orientation, the second portion of the lever may be substantially horizontal. In the first orientation, the weight of the lever and the weight of the weight redistribution system may exert a torque on the lever about the pivot point such that, if the lever is not fixed in place, it will begin to rotate from the first orientation to the second orientation under its own weight. In the second orientation, the first portion of the lever may be substantially horizontal.

[0045] The lever may be supported and / or reinforced by a frame. The frame may comprise one or more struts and / or beams. The lever may be supported by one or more tensioning cables. According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a force amplification system comprising the lever of the third aspect of the invention. The force amplification system of the fourth aspect may comprise any features described in relation to the force amplification system of the first aspect or the method of the second aspect.

[0046] The system may comprise returner. The returner may be configured to provide a force to rotate the lever from the second orientation to the first orientation. The returner may comprise a motor.

[0047] The system may comprise a force transfer mechanism configure to transfer force from the first portion of the lever as the lever rotates from the first orientation to the second orientation.

[0048] The system may comprise a plurality of levers according to the third aspect of the invention.

[0049] Optional features of any of the above aspects may be combined with the features of any other aspect, in any combination. For example, features described in connection with the force amplification system of the first aspect may have corresponding features definable with respect to the method of the second aspect, and vice versa, and these embodiments are specifically envisaged. Features which are described in the context or separate aspects and embodiments of the invention may be used together and / or be interchangeable wherever possible. Similarly, where features are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, those features may also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination.

[0050] Brief description of the drawings

[0051] The invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0052] Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a force amplification system;

[0053] Figure 2 shows a schematic view of another force amplification system;

[0054] Figure 3 shows a schematic side view of a force amplification system comprising hydraulic lever connectors;

[0055] Figure 4(a) shows a schematic side view of an alternative force amplification system comprising hydraulic lever connectors; Figure 4(b) shows an enlarged view of a hydraulic lever connector from Figure 4(a);

[0056] Figure 5 shows a schematic side view of an input lever and a hydraulic lever connector;

[0057] Figure 6 shows a schematic side view of an input lever and an alternative hydraulic lever connector; Figure 7 shows a schematic side view of an input lever and an output lever connected via a lever connector;

[0058] Figure 8 shows a schematic side view of a force amplification system comprising lever connectors similar to the lever connector of Figure 7;

[0059] Figure 9 shows a schematic side view of an input lever and an output lever connected via a lever connector comprising a scissor mechanism;

[0060] Figure 10 shows a schematic side view of an input lever and an output lever connected via an alternative lever connector comprising a scissor mechanism;

[0061] Figure 11 shows a schematic side view of a force amplification system comprising lever connectors similar to the lever connector of Figure 10;

[0062] Figure 12 shows a schematic side view of a lever for use in a force amplification system;

[0063] Figure 13 shows a schematic side view of another lever for use in a force amplification system;

[0064] Figure 14 shows a simplified schematic side view of a framed lever for use in a force amplification system;

[0065] Figure 15 shows a schematic side view of a force amplification system comprising a returner; and

[0066] Figure 16 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a force transfer mechanism for use in a force amplification system.

[0067] Detailed description

[0068] Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a force amplification system 100.

[0069] The system 100 comprises an input lever 110 configured to receive an input force. The input force is provided to the input lever 110 from an external source. In some embodiments, the input force is provided by a battery, or any other known energy storage means. In other embodiments, the input force is provided by a motor.

[0070] The system 100 comprises an output lever 120 configured to deliver an output force. The output force may be provided to an external system. In some embodiments, the output force is configured to move an external load. In some embodiments, the output force is configured to compress an external load.

[0071] The system 100 comprises a lever connector 130 configured to transfer force from the input lever 110 to the output lever 120. The input lever 110 and output lever 120 each provide a mechanical advantage. The mechanical advantage of an individual lever is defined as the output force from the lever divided by the input force to the lever. For levers, such as the input lever 110 and the output lever 120, the mechanical advantage is equal to the distance of the input force from the fulcrum (i.e., the point at which the lever pivots) of the lever divided by the distance of the output force from the fulcrum of the lever.

[0072] When an input force is applied to the input lever 110, the input lever 110 generates an intermediate force. The intermediate force is greater than the input force because of the mechanical advantage of the input lever 110. The intermediate force is transferred, via the lever connector 130, to the output lever 120. The output lever 120 generates the output force of the system 100. The output force is greater than the intermediate force provided to the output lever because of the mechanical advantage of the output lever 120.

[0073] The mechanical advantage provided overall by the force amplification system 100 is provided by the combined mechanical advantage of the input lever and the output lever.

[0074] Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a force amplification system 200.

[0075] The system 200 is similar to the system 100 of Figure 1, but it includes an intermediate lever 240. The system 200 also comprises an additional lever connector 250.

[0076] The lever connectors 230, 250 are collectively referred to as a force transfer mechanism. The force transfer mechanism is configured to transfer force from the input lever 210 to the output lever 220 via the intermediate lever 240.

[0077] The mechanical advantage provided by the force amplification system 200 is provided by the combined mechanical advantage of the input lever 210, the output lever 220, and the intermediate lever 240.

[0078] In other embodiments, the system can comprise any number of intermediate levers. In such embodiments, the system can comprise additional lever connectors to enable force transfer between the input lever, the output lever, and each of the intermediate levers.

[0079] In embodiments comprising a plurality of intermediate levers, the force transfer mechanism (i.e., the collection of lever connectors) transfers force from the input lever to the output lever via the plurality of intermediate levers such that the mechanical advantage provided by the force amplification system is given by the combined mechanical advantage of the input lever, output lever, and each of the plurality of intermediate levers.

[0080] Figures 1 and 2 represent generic systems according to the invention. Figures 3 onwards show examples of levers, lever connectors, and systems which can be used in any combination in the present invention. The skilled person will recognise that bespoke systems can be created according to specific needs based on the principles described herein. In some embodiments of the invention, rotation of each lever causes a rotation in the opposite direction for the subsequent lever in the system. For example, a clockwise rotation of the input lever may result in an anti-clockwise rotation of an intermediate lever, which in turn causes a clockwise rotation of the output lever.

[0081] Figure 3 shows a side view of a force amplification system 300. The system comprises an input lever 310, an output lever 320, an intermediate lever 340, and two lever connectors 330, 350.

[0082] The input lever 310 comprises a rod 311 and a fulcrum 312. The rod 311 is configured to rotate about the fulcrum 312. In the embodiment shown, the rod 311 is resting upon the fulcrum 312. However, in other embodiments, the rod 311 can be rotatably connected to the fulcrum 312 (for example, via a hinge).

[0083] In use, a force 10 is applied at a first end of the rod 311, as shown in Figure 3. In response, the rod 311 pivots about the fulcrum 312 and exerts a force upon the lever connector 330. The force is exerted upon an input piston 331 of the lever connector 330. The force exerted upon the input piston 331 is greater than the force 10 applied to the rod 311 because of the mechanical advantage of the input lever 110.

[0084] In one example, the rod 311 is eleven metres long and is positioned such that the fulcrum 312 is one metre from a first end of the rod 311 which contacts the lever connector 330. When a force of 10 Newtons is applied at a second, opposing end of the rod 311, at a distance of ten metres from the fulcrum 312, the force output at the first end of the rod 311 at a distance of one metre from the fulcrum 312 is ten times greater than the input force. As such, the rod 311 exerts a force of 100 Newtons on the input piston 331 of the lever connector 330. In this example, the mechanical advantage of the input lever 310 is 10.

[0085] In other embodiments, the rod can have any other length and it can be arranged on the fulcrum in any other configuration so as to provide any other mechanical advantage.

[0086] The lever connector 330 transfers force from the input lever 310 to the intermediate lever 340. The lever connector 330 comprises a chamber 332 filled with hydraulic fluid, an input piston 331 configured to transfer force from the input lever 310 to the hydraulic fluid, and an output piston 333 configured to transfer force from the hydraulic fluid to the intermediate lever 340. The chamber 332 is cylindrical. The hydraulic fluid can be a hydraulic liquid, such as hydraulic oil.

[0087] The rod 311 exerts force upon the input piston 331, causing the input piston to pressurise the hydraulic fluid within the chamber 332. In some embodiments, the input piston 311 is disposed partially within the chamber 332 such that the input piston 311 can slide into and out of the chamber 332 so as to apply pressure to the hydraulic fluid within the chamber 332.

[0088] The input piston 331 may act as a seal to prevent hydraulic fluid from exiting the chamber 332. The input piston 331 may comprise one or more O-rings or any other knows seals to retain the hydraulic fluid within the chamber 332. In some embodiments, the input piston 331 is rotatably connected to the rod 311 of the input lever 310, for example, via a hinge. The rotatable connection between the rod 311 and the input lever 310 can enable conversion between the rotational motion of the lever 310 and the linear movement of the input piston 331.

[0089] The pressurised hydraulic fluid exerts force upon the output piston 333 to displace the output piston 333. The output piston 333 is connected via wheel 334 to the intermediate lever 340. As such, the lever connector 330 transfers force between the input lever 310 and the intermediate lever 340. The force exerted upon the intermediate lever 340 by the output piston 333 is substantially equal to the force exerted upon the input piston 331 by the rod 311.

[0090] The input and output pistons 331, 333 are connected to the chamber 332 using one or more seals to prevent hydraulic liquid from exiting the chamber 332. This may be true for any of the chambers and hydraulic systems described herein. Any known seals, such as O-rings, flanges, etc. can be sued to secure the pistons 331, 333 within the chamber 332.

[0091] In some embodiments, the chamber 332 can comprise one or more valves to enable pressure within the chamber to be used to provide force to an external system. This may be true for any of the chambers and hydraulic systems described herein. The chamber 332 may comprise one or more valves which are known to the skilled person, including but not limited to, ball cock valve, gate valves, non-return valves, butterfly valves, and spring valves.

[0092] The wheel 334 provides a rotatable connection between the output piston 333 and the intermediate lever 340. This enables the connection to be maintained during relative movement between the output piston 333 and the intermediate lever 340. In some embodiments, the output piston 333 has a fork-like shape and the wheel 334 is retained between prongs of the fork. In some embodiments, the wheel 334 is suspended between prongs of the fork-shaped output piston 333 and is free to rotate about its central axis.

[0093] In some embodiments, the rod 311 of the input lever 310 is rotatably connected to the input piston 331 of the lever connector 330 via a wheel. This enables the connection to the be maintained during relative movement between the input piston 331 and the input lever 310.

[0094] The intermediate lever 340 comprises a rod 341 and a fulcrum 342. The input force to the intermediate lever 340 is applied to the rod 341 via the output piston 333 of the lever connector 330. In some embodiments, wherein the output piston 333 comprises a wheel 334, the rod 341 rests on the rod wheel 334. In other embodiments, the wheel 334 comprises an outer circumferential groove configured to receive the rod 341.

[0095] In response to receiving a force from the lever connector 330, the intermediate lever rotates about fulcrum 342 and exerts a force upon the second lever connector 350. The force exerted upon the lever connector 350 is greater than the force exerted upon the rod 341 by the lever connector 330 because of the mechanical advantage of the intermediate lever 340. Continuing the earlier example, a force of 100 Newtons is transferred from the rod 311 of the input lever 310 to the rod 341 of the intermediate lever 340 via lever connector 330. If the lever connector 330 exerts the 100 Newton force at a distance of ten metres from the fulcrum 342 of the intermediate lever, then the rod 341 will exert a force ten times greater upon the second lever connector 350 at a distance of one metre from the fulcrum 342. As such, the force output by the intermediate lever 340 upon the second lever connector 350 is 1000 Newtons.

[0096] The lever connector 350 is identical to the lever connector 330 and comprises an input piston 351, a chamber 352 filled with hydraulic fluid, and an output piston 353 connected to the output lever 320 via a wheel 354. Force is transferred from the intermediate lever 340 to the output lever 320 in the same manner that force is transferred from the input lever 310 to the intermediate lever 340.

[0097] The output lever 320 comprises a rod 321 and a fulcrum 322. Force is transferred to the rod 321 via the second lever connector 350.

[0098] Further continuing the earlier example, a force of 1000 Newtons is transferred from the rod 341 of the intermediate lever 340 to the rod 321 of the output lever 320 via lever connector 350. If the lever connector 350 exerts the 1000 Newton force at a distance of ten metres from the fulcrum 322 of the output lever 320, then the rod 321 will exert an output force 20 at a distance of one metre from the fulcrum 322 which is ten times greater. As such, the output force 20 from the output lever 320 is 10000 Newtons.

[0099] The overall system 300 therefore provides a mechanical advantage of 1000 (amplifying an input force of 10 Newtons to an output force of 10,000 Newtons) by combining three levers each having a mechanical advantage of 10.

[0100] The values used to describe the system 300 are provided by way of example only. In other embodiments, any number of levers can be used, and the mechanical advantage for each lever can take any value greater than 1 to amplify the force. For example, the one or more of the levers may provide a mechanical advantage of 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20 or any other value.

[0101] Each of the chambers 332, 352 described in Figure 3 can be sized appropriately to hold a sufficient volume of hydraulic fluid to enable force transfer through said chamber. The exact size and volume of each chamber will depend on the desired total end force for the user.

[0102] Each of the rods 311, 341, 321 in the system 300 of Figure 3 are connected to a counterweight 335, 345, 325. The counterweights 335, 345, 325 are configured to maintain connections between the rods 311, 341, 321 and the associated rod connectors 330, 350. In other embodiments, the counterweights are repositioned, or omitted entirely. In some embodiments, the counterweights are pendulums. As the skilled person will recognise, the required mass of the counterweights will depend on the masses of the associated lever rods. The rods used in any of the levers described herein can be made from any suitable material. The rods should be formed from materials capable of withstanding large forces. For example, the rods could be steel beams.

[0103] In other systems of the present invention, one or more of the lever connectors can be replaced by alternative lever connectors. Lever connectors 330, 350 are shown for example purposes only.

[0104] Lever connector 330, 350 are shown as examples of hydraulic lever connectors. In other embodiments, any other hydraulic lever connectors can be used. Any known hydraulic system which transfers force between an input and an output can be used as a lever connector in the present invention. For example, hydraulic systems such as those used in excavators, tipper trucks, lorries, hydraulic presses, grab machines, intensifiers, and hydraulic jacks can be used or adapted for use as a lever connector.

[0105] Figure 4a shows another system 400 according to an embodiment. The system 400 comprises an input lever 410, an intermediate lever 440, and an output lever 420. The system 400 comprises lever connectors 430, 450. The system 400 is similar to the system 300 of Figure 3.

[0106] Figure 4a shows a device connected to the output lever comprising a chamber filled with hydraulic fluid. The output force from the output lever 420 is used to pressurise the hydraulic fluid within the chamber to transfer the output force. This is one example of how the output force of the system 400 can be utilised. The chamber connected to the output lever 420 may be identical to any of the lever connectors described herein but, instead of transferring force to another lever, it can transfer force to an external system.

[0107] Figure 4b shows an enlarged view of a lever connector 430 of the system 400 of Figure 4(a). The lever connector 430 comprises an input piston, a chamber 432, and an output piston 433.

[0108] The input piston 431 comprises a rod 437 and a flat portion 435. The rod 437 is connected between the flat portion 435 and the input lever 310 via a pair of hinges 436. The flat portion 435 is fixed within the chamber 432 and is free to slide up and down within the chamber 432. The flat portion 435 can be retained within the chamber 432, for example, via a radial flange within the chamber 432.

[0109] A first end of the output piston 433 is retained within the chamber 432. The pressure from the hydraulic fluid within the chamber 432 causes movement of the output piston 433. The output piston 433 comprises an O-ring disposed around its perimeter to form a seal between the output piston 433 and the chamber 432.

[0110] Figure 4b shows a specific hydraulic lever connector. However, as mentioned above, any other known system for transferring force can be used instead. Any components of known hydraulic systems which are known to the skilled person can be used to modify the lever connector.

[0111] Figure 5 shows a lever 510 and a lever connector 530. The lever 510 and the lever connector 530 are provided as examples of components which may be incorporated in systems of the present invention. The lever connector 530 can be used in addition to, or in place of, any other lever connected described herein. The lever 510 comprises a rod 511 and a fulcrum 512. An input force 10 can be applied to the rod 511 to cause its rotation about the fulcrum 512. The lever 510 exerts a force upon the lever connector 530 in response to application of an input force 10. As described above, the force exerted by the lever 510 upon the lever connector 530 is greater than the input force 10 because of the mechanical advantage provided by the lever 510.

[0112] The lever connector 530 comprises an input piston 531, a chamber 532, and a sliding piston 533. The chamber 532 contains hydraulic fluid. The hydraulic fluid is retained inside the chamber 532 between the input piston 531 and the sliding piston 533. The sliding piston 533 comprises a pair of sealing rings 534 which enables the sliding piston 533 to slide without enabling hydraulic fluid to exit the chamber 530. Using a pair of sealing rings 534 ensures that the sliding piston 533 stays parallel with the walls of the chamber 532.

[0113] The input piston may comprise a flat portion which is retained within the chamber 532 and a pair of hinges, as described in relation to Figure 4. The input piston 531 may be retained within the chamber 532.

[0114] The chamber 530 is angled. In Figure 5, the chamber 530 is angled such that sliding piston 533 slides perpendicular to the direction of movement of the input piston 531. In other embodiments, the sliding piston is not perpendicular, and any other angle can be used.

[0115] The lever connector 530 is configured to translate force from a first direction to a second direction. In Figure 5, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0116] In use, the rod 511 exerts a force upon the input piston 531 to displace the input piston 531 and exert force upon the hydraulic fluid within the chamber 532. In turn, the pressurised hydraulic fluid exerts force upon the sliding piston 533, causing it to slide from a first set of stops 535 to a second set of stops 536.

[0117] The movement of the sliding piston 533 can be used to exert force upon a further lever, or to provide an output force. As such, the lever connector 530 can be used to transfer forces between levers, as in the system 300 of Figure 3, or it can be used to redirect the output force from the overall system.

[0118] Figure 6 shows a lever 610 and lever connector 630. The lever 610 and lever connector 630 are substantially similar to the lever and lever connector of Figure 5, but the lever 610 comprises a pendulum and the chamber of the lever connector comprises a valve to enable controlled input / output of fluid to the chamber.

[0119] In Figure 6, the system 600 comprises two support towers 605, 615. The support towers 605, 615 provide support to the rod of the input lever 610 via one or more cables, as is known to the person skilled in the art. The support towers 605, 615 reduce the effective weight of the input lever by providing a force, via cables, to oppose the weight of the levers. Although Figure 6 shows a system 600 comprising two support towers, in other embodiments, one support tower can be used, no support towers can be used, or any other number of support towers can be used.

[0120] Support towers can be used in conjunction with any of the systems shown or described herein.

[0121] The lever connector 630 of Figure 6 comprises an input piston comprising a flat portion and a pair of hinges, as is described in relation to Figure 4b.

[0122] Figure 7 shows a lever connector 730 used to connect an input lever 710 and an output lever 720. The lever connector 730 can be used in any embodiments of the invention in place of, or in addition to, any of the lever connectors described herein.

[0123] The input lever 710 comprises rod 711 which pivots about a fulcrum 712. The output lever comprises a rod 721 which pivots about a fulcrum 722. When an input force 10 is exerted upon the rod 711 of the lever 710, the rod 711 exerts a force upon the rod 721 of the output lever 721.

[0124] The rod 711 of the input lever 710 is connected to the rod 721 of the output lever 720 via a pair of guides 732, 733. The guides 732, 733 are circular and comprise corresponding grooves which enable one groove to mate with the other. The guides 732, 733 are circular but, in other embodiments, the guides may be semi-circular, or have any alternative curvature.

[0125] The connection between the guides 732, 733 is maintained via a retainer 731. In the embodiment of Figure 7, the retainer 731 is a spring. In other embodiments, the retainer 730 can be any component capable of providing a restoring force so as to keep the guides 732, 733 connected.

[0126] Figure 8 shows a system 800 comprising an input lever 810, an intermediate lever 840, and an output lever 860. The system 800 comprises two lever connectors 830, 850. Each of the lever connectors 830, 850 are substantially similar to the lever connector 730 shown in Figure 7.

[0127] The guides of the lever connectors 830, 850 are circular and comprise meshing teeth which enable rotation between the guides whilst maintaining contact.

[0128] In the system of Figure 8, the output lever 860 is connected to a hydraulic mechanism 870 similar to the lever connector of Figure 5. The hydraulic mechanism 870 redirects the force from the output lever 860.

[0129] Figure 9 shows a system 900 comprising an alternative lever connector 930. The lever connector 930 is configured to transfer force from an input lever 910 to an output lever 920. The lever connector 930 can be used instead of, or in addition to, any of the other lever connectors described herein.

[0130] The lever connector 930 comprises a chamber containing hydraulic fluid. The input lever 910 exerts force upon an input piston which enters the chamber to exert pressure on the hydraulic fluid. The pressurised hydraulic fluid exerts force upon a scissor mechanism to increase the angle between two scissor arms. Increasing the angle between the scissor arms rotates a connection arm which is connected to the output lever.

[0131] The use of a scissor mechanism with scissor arms enables the transfer of force between levers. The scissor mechanism also increases the distance through which the output lever is rotated.

[0132] The hydraulic mechanism of Figure 9 may be substantially identical or similar to the hydraulic mechanism used in a tipper truck.

[0133] Figure 10 shows a system 1000 comprising an alternative lever connector 1030. The lever connector 1030 is configured to transfer force from an input lever 1010 to an output lever 1020. The lever connector 1030 can be used instead of, or in addition to, any of the other lever connectors described herein.

[0134] The lever connector 1030 comprises a chamber 1032 containing hydraulic fluid. The input lever 1010 exerts force upon an input piston 1031 which enters the chamber 1032 to exert pressure on the hydraulic fluid. The pressurised hydraulic fluid exerts force upon a sliding piston 1033. The sliding piston 1033 in turn exerts force upon a scissor mechanism 1037 to increase the angle between two scissor arms 1038. One of the scissor arms 1038 is connected to a rod of the output lever 1020.

[0135] Again, the use of a scissor mechanism with scissor arms enables the transfer of force between levers and also increases the distance through which the output lever is rotated.

[0136] The lever connector of Figure 10 may comprise any of the components of the other lever connectors described herein. For example, the input piston 1031 may comprise a flat portion retained within the chamber 1032, and the input piston 1031 may comprise a pair of hinges.

[0137] Figure 11 shows a system 1100 comprising an input lever 1110, an intermediate lever 1140, and an output lever 1160. The system 1100 comprises two lever connectors 1130, 1150. Each of the lever connectors 1130, 1150 are substantially similar to the lever connector 1030 shown in Figure 10.

[0138] The output lever 1160 is connected to a hydraulic mechanism 1170 configured to redirect the output force from the output lever 1170.

[0139] Both lever connectors 1130, 1150 are configured to compress a hydraulic fluid retained within a chamber via movement of an input piston. The pressurised hydraulic fluid is used, in turn, to operate a scissor mechanism to increase the angle between two scissor arms. The increase in angle between the two scissor arms is used to apply a force to, and rotate, a subsequent lever.

[0140] Figures 12(a) and (b) show examples of a lever 1210 which can be used as part of any of the force amplification systems described herein.

[0141] The lever comprises a first portion 1210-1 and a second portion 1210-2. An end of the first portion 1210-1 is connected to the end of the second portion 1210-2. The second portion 1210-2 is angled relative to the first portion 1210-1. In the example of Figures 12(a) and 12(b), the angle between the longitudinal axis of the first portion 1210-1 and the longitudinal axis of the second portion 1210-2 is substantially 15°. However, in other examples, the angle between the longitudinal axis of the first portion 1210-1 and the longitudinal axis of the second portion 1210-2 can have any value between 0- 90°.

[0142] The first portion 1210-1 of the lever 1210 comprises a pivot 1212. In the examples of Figure 12(a) and (b), the pivot 1212 is a point at which the lever 1210 is rotatably fixed to an external structure. However, in other examples, the pivot 1212 can be a point at which the lever rests on a fulcrum, or the pivot 1212 can be any other type of pivot point.

[0143] The lever 1210 comprises a weight redistribution system. The weight redistribution system is a pair of sliding weights 1211, 1213. A first sliding weight 1211 is disposed on the first portion 1210-1 of the lever 1210. A second sliding weight 1213 is disposed on the second portion 1210-2 of the lever 1210. In the examples of Figures 12(a) and (b), the weights 1211,1213 are connected to the lever 1210 via wheels configured to enable the weights 1211, 1213 to translate along their respective lever portions 1210-1, 2. In other examples, the wheels can be omitted, and the weights can instead by fitted to the lever 1210 via rails which enable the weights to slide, or using any other mechanism which enables translation of the weights 1211, 1213 along the their respective portions of the lever 1210.

[0144] In other examples, more than two sliding weights can be used, and each lever portion can comprise one or more sliding weights.

[0145] The first weight 1211 is connected to the second weight 1213 via an elongate member, such as a cord, cable, or rope. The elongate member passes through a supporting member 1216 disposed at the interface between the first and second lever portions 1210-1,2. The supporting member 1216 in this example comprises a pair of wheels which allow the elongate member to pass therethrough with minimal friction. In other examples, an alternative supporting member can be used, such a single wheel, a row of wheels, rollers, or any other device for minimising the friction and wear exerted on the elongate member. The supporting member 1216 also prevents the weights 1211, 1213 from sliding onto different portions 1210-1, 2 of the lever 1210.

[0146] The lever 1210 comprises a first stopper 1214 and a second stopper 1215. The first stopper is disposed on the first portion 1210-1 of the lever 1210. The second stopper 1215 is disposed on the second portion 1210-2 of the lever 1210. The first stopper 1214 is disposed proximate the pivot 1212. The second stopper 1215 is disposed proximate an end of the second portion 1210-2 of the lever 1210 distal from the interface with the first portion 1210-1. The stoppers are configured to stop the sliding weights 1211, 1213 from sliding off the ends of the lever 1210. In the examples of Figures 12(a) and (b), the stoppers are blocks which the sliding weights 1211, 1213 abut. In other examples, the stoppers can comprise springs, magnets, or other means to cushion the sliding weights. In other examples, the stoppers can be omitted. Figure 12(a) shows the lever 1210 in a first orientation. The weight of the lever 1210, together with the weight of sliding weights 1211, 1213, and any additional input forces (e.g., from additional levers) create a clockwise torque about the pivot 1212. As a result of the resultant clockwise torque, the lever 1210 rotates clockwise about the pivot 1212 to a second orientation, shown in Figure 12(b). In some examples, the rotation of the lever 1210 may be restricted by the second portion 1210-2 abutting the ground.

[0147] As the lever 1210 rotates from the first orientation of Figure 12(a) to the second orientation of Figure 12(b), an output force 1220 can be exerted by the lever. The output force can be exerted by the first lever portion 1210-1 at an end opposite the interface between the first and second lever portion 1210- 1 ,2. The size of the output force 1220 provided can be calculated by the dividing the resultant torque exerted on the lever 1210 by the distance between the point at which the output force is being exerted, and the pivot 1212. The output force 1220 exerted by the lever 1210 can be much greater than the force exerted on the lever 1210 on the opposing side of the pivot 1212 due to effect of leverage and the relative distance between the forces and the pivot.

[0148] The output force 1220 from the lever 1210 can be transferred via any suitable means. For example, the first lever portion 1210-1 can be connected to a sliding piston, which can be used to compress a hydraulic fluid or exert force directly upon another component, as described in other examples herein. The output force 1220 can be used to rotate additional levers or can be provided directly an as output to an external device / system. The output force may be transferred using any of the force transfer mechanisms described herein.

[0149] In the starting position (i.e., first orientation) of Figure 12(a), the second portion 1210-2 of the lever 1210 is horizontal. As the lever 1210 rotates, the angle of the first portion 1210-1 decreases relative to the horizontal until it becomes level with the horizontal or drops just below the horizontal. Once, the first portion 1210-1 of the lever 1210 becomes horizontal, the first and second weights 1211, 1213 slide away from the pivot 1212, thereby increasing the clockwise torque about the pivot and increasing the rotational speed. Increasing the resultant torque exerted upon the lever 1210 increases the output force 1220 which can be exerted by the lever 1210.

[0150] When the lever 1210 is in use as part of a larger system, or when the lever 1210 needs to be used again to exert an output force 1220, it will need to be returned to the first orientation (Figure 12(a)) via anticlockwise rotation. The lever 1210 can be rotated anti-clockwise using an additional lever, or any means capable of providing sufficient force to provide a resultant anticlockwise torque about the pivot 1212. The required input force is shown via arrow 1230.

[0151] Once a sufficiently large input force 1230 is applied and the lever 1210 rotates anti-clockwise, the first portion 1210-1 of the lever 1210 drops below the horizontal. At this point, the first sliding weight 1211 slides towards the pivot 1212. The second sliding weight 1213 is pulled via the connection between the first and second weights 1211, 1213 because the weight of the first weight is greater than the weight of the second weight 1213. As a result of the weights 1211, 1213 sliding towards the pivot 1212, the clockwise torque provided by the weights 1211, 1213 reduces. This increases the resultant anti-clockwise torque about the pivot 1212, meaning the required input force 1230 to return the lever 1210 to its original orientation reduces during the rotation.

[0152] Therefore, the weights 1211, 1213 provide the benefit of increasing the torque during the rotation which provides the output force, whilst the ability of the weights to slide / translate reduces the required input force needed to return the lever to its original position.

[0153] In alternative examples, in the weight redistribution system, one or more of the sliding weights can be replaced with alternative features which enable redistribution of weight. For example, one of more of the sliding weights can be replaced with channels containing a liquid. Figure 13, discussed below, shows such an example.

[0154] Figures 13(a) and (b) show examples of a lever 1310 which can be used as part of any of the force amplification systems described herein. The lever 1310 is substantially similar to the lever 1210 of Figures 12(a) and (b), but the sliding weight 1213 on the second portion of the lever is replaced with a partially filled container 1313.

[0155] The container 1313 is partially filled with a liquid. During clockwise rotation, the liquid gathers at an end of the container distal from the pivot 1312. During anti-clockwise rotation, the liquid redistributes towards an end of the container proximate the pivot 1312. The effect of the moving liquid within the chamber on the resultant torques and input / output forces is substantially similar to the effect of the sliding weight 1213 in the examples of Figure 12(a) and (b).

[0156] Figure 14 shows another example of a lever 1410. The lever 1410 can be the lever 1210 of Figures 12(a) and (b) or the lever 1310 of Figures 13(a) and (b), but the weights, stoppers, etc, are omitted from the figure for clarity purposes. The lever 1410 in this example comprises a frame 1417 configured to reinforce the lever 1410 and to prevent it from snapping / breaking. The frame 1415 can comprise one or more rigid bars and / or one or more reinforcing tensioning cables 1418. The frame 1415 can comprise struts and / or beams formed of wood, metal, or any other suitable supporting material. Similarly, any of the levers described herein can be reinforced using a frame.

[0157] Figure 15 shows an example force amplification system 1500. The system 1500 comprises an input lever 1510 and an output lever 1530. An input force is amplified through the input lever 1510 and output lever 1530, as with earlier examples.

[0158] Starting from the position shown in Figure 15, the input lever 1510 rotates clockwise about a pivot under its own weight (and possibly under additional forces from an input source, such as another lever, in some examples). Clockwise rotation of the first lever 1510 lifts a roller 1521 connected directly to the input lever 1510. The roller 1521 is connected to the output lever 1530 via a connector 1522. The connector 1522 can be a cable, rope, or any other elongate member. The connector 1522 is threaded via two ancillary rollers 1523, 1524 (which are fixed to an external structure) such that, as the roller 1521 is raised, an intermediate force is exerted upon the output lever 1530. The intermediate force exerted upon the output lever 1530 produces an output force 1531. The output force 1531 is amplified relative to the intermediate force by the leverage of the output lever 1530. The output force 1530 can be used to drive further levers and can be provided as an output to an external system. The output force can be input to an of the force transfer mechanisms described herein.

[0159] The system 1500 comprises a returner 1540. The returner 1540 can be any device capable of producing a required force (for example, it can be a weight, actuator, etc). The returner 1540 is connected to an input end of the input lever 1510 via a cable 1541 and pulley 1543. The returner 1540 is connected to an input end of the output lever 1530 via a cable 1542 and pulley 1544.

[0160] In use, after the first input and output lever 1510, 1530 have rotated clockwise, the returner 1540 is configured to provide a force to rotate the levers 1510, 1530 back to their original positions (shown in Figure 15) such that they can be reused / released to provide an output force again.

[0161] Figure 16 shows a cross sectional view of an example of a force transfer mechanism 1600. The force transfer mechanism 1600 can be used as part of any of the force amplification systems described herein.

[0162] The force transfer mechanism 1600 comprises a body 1601. The body 1601 in the example of Figure 16 is spherical but, in other examples, the body 1601 can have a different shape and be, for example, cylindrical.

[0163] The body 1601 contains a hydraulic fluid. In some examples, the hydraulic fluid is oil.

[0164] The force transfer mechanism 1600 comprises an input comprising a first flange 1606, and second flange 1605, a no -return valve 1607, a receiving portion 1604, a piston 1602, and a piston head 1603.

[0165] In use, the piston 1602 can be connected to any of the levers described herein, such that the lever exerts an output force on the piston 1602. As force is exerted upon the piston 1602, the piston head 1603 plunges into the receiving portion 1604 to compress the hydraulic fluid held between the piston head 1603 and the receiving portion. As the piston head 1603 plunges into the receiving portion, the hydraulic fluid is forced through the no-return valve 1607 into the body 1601 of the force transfer mechanism, thereby increasing the pressure within the body 1601. The first and second flanges 1606, 1605 are used to fluidly connect the body 1601, the no-return valve 1607, and the receiving portion 1604, in an air-tight manner.

[0166] The force transfer mechanism 1600 comprises valve-controlled outputs. First and second outputs are shown, each comprising a flange 1608, 1611 for connection to external components, and valves 1609, 1612, to control the flow of fluid through said outputs. An additional flange 1610 is also shown which can be used for connection to an external component.

[0167] The force transfer mechanism is configured such that high pressures are generated within the body 1601, and these pressures are then translated into forces via the outputs through hydraulics. The forces from the outputs of the force transfer mechanism can be used to rotate additional levers, or can be used for a desired purpose.

[0168] The systems shown and described herein are used for example purposes. Bespoke force amplification systems can be created by combining any number of levers and by transferring force between said levers using any lever connector, including one or more of the disclosed lever connectors.

[0169] From reading the present disclosure, other variations and modifications will be apparent to the skilled person. Such variations and modifications may involve equivalent and other features which are already known in the art of leverage and hydraulic systems, and which may be used instead of, or in addition to, features already described herein.

[0170] Although the appended claims are directed to particular combinations of features, it should be understood that the scope of the disclosure of the present invention also includes any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed herein either explicitly or implicitly or any generalisation thereof, whether or not it relates to the same invention as presently claimed in any claim and whether or not it mitigates any or all of the same technical problems as does the present invention.

[0171] Features which are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination. The applicant hereby gives notice that new claims may be formulated to such features and / or combinations of such features during the prosecution of the present application or of any further application derived therefrom.

[0172] For the sake of completeness, it is also stated that the term "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, the term "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality, a single processor or other unit may fulfil the functions of several means recited in the claims and any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

Claims1 . A lever for use in a force amplification system, wherein the lever is configured to rotate from a first orientation to a second orientation, the lever comprising: a first portion and a second portion, wherein the longitudinal axis of the second portion is angled between 0-90° relative to the longitudinal axis of the first portion; a pivot point disposed on, or connected to, the first portion; and a weight redistribution system configured such that, as the lever rotates between the first orientation and the second orientation, weight is redistributed along the length of the lever.

2. The lever of claim 1, wherein as the lever rotates from the first orientation to the second orientation, weight is redistributed along the length of the first and / or second portions away from the pivot point to increase the torque exerted on the lever about the pivot point by the weight redistribution system.

3. The lever of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein as the lever rotates from the second orientation to the first orientation, weight is redistributed along the length of the first and / or second portions towards the pivot point to reduce the torque exerted on the lever about the pivot point by the weight redistribution system.

4. The lever of any preceding claim, wherein the weight redistribution system comprises: a first weight configured to translate along the length of the first portion; and / or a second weight configured to translate along the length of second portion; and optionally or preferably, wherein the first and second portions are connected via an elongate member.

5. The lever of any preceding claim, wherein the weight redistribution system comprises a container containing a liquid, wherein the liquid is free to flow within the container as the lever rotates.

6. The lever of any preceding claim, wherein the lever is supported by a frame and / or tensioning cables.

7. A force amplification system comprising: an input lever configured to receive an input force, wherein the input lever is a first class lever; an output lever configured to deliver an output force, wherein the input lever is a first class lever; a force transfer mechanism configured to transfer force from the input lever to the output lever; wherein the mechanical advantage provided by the force amplification system is provided by the combined mechanical advantage of the input lever and the output lever; and wherein one of the input lever or the output lever is the lever of any of claims 1-4.

8. The force amplification system of claim 7, further comprising a plurality of intermediate levers, wherein the intermediate levers are first class levers, and wherein the force transfer mechanism transfersforce from the input lever to the output lever via the plurality of intermediate levers such that the mechanical advantage provided by the force amplification system is given by the combined mechanical advantage of the input lever, output lever, and the plurality of intermediate levers.

9. The force amplification system of claim 7 or claim 8, wherein the force transfer mechanism comprises one or more lever connectors, and wherein each of the one or more lever connectors transfers force from a lever on a first side of the lever connector to a lever on a second side of the lever connector; and wherein one or more of the lever connectors comprises a hydraulic system.

10. The force amplification system of claim 9, wherein one or more of the lever connectors comprises a chamber filled with hydraulic fluid, an input piston configured transfer force from the lever on the first side of the lever connector to the hydraulic fluid, and an output piston configured to transfer force from the hydraulic fluid to the lever on the second side of the lever connector.

11. The force amplification system of claim 10, wherein the input piston and the lever on the first side of the lever connector are rotatably connected; wherein the input piston is partially retained within the chamber and is configured to move within the chamber; and wherein the output piston and the lever on the second side of the lever connector are rotatably connected.

12. The force amplification system of claimlO or claim 11, wherein the output piston is partially retained within the chamber and is configured to move within the chamber.

13. The force amplification system of any of claims 10-12, further comprising a seal between the input piston and the chamber.

14. The force amplification system of any of claims 10-13, further comprising a seal between the output piston and the chamber.

15. The force amplification system of any of claims 9-14, wherein the lever connector is configured to translate force from a first direction to a second, perpendicular direction.

16. The force amplification system of claim any of claims 9-15, wherein the output piston of the lever connector is configured to actuates a scissor mechanism so as to increase the angle between a pair of scissor arms.

17. The force amplification system of any of claims 9-16, wherein one or more of the lever connectors comprise: a first guide connected to the lever on the first side of the lever connector; a second guide connected to the lever on the second side of the lever connector; and a retainer configured to maintain contact between the first and second guides such that force can be transferred between the levers via the guides.

18. The force amplification system of claim 17, wherein the retainer is a spring.

19. The force amplification system of claim 17 or claim 18, wherein the first and second guides comprise corresponding grooves such that the first guide can engage with the second guide.

20. The force amplification system of any preceding claim, wherein at least one of the levers provides a mechanical advantage of at least 10.

21. The force amplification system of claim 20, wherein each of the levers provides a mechanical advantage of at least 10.

22. The force amplification system of any preceding claim, wherein the mechanical advantage provided by the force amplification system is at least 1000.

23. A method of amplifying an input force, comprising: applying the input force to an input lever; transferring a force generated by the input lever to an output lever via a lever connector; and outputting an output force from the output lever; wherein one of the input lever or the output lever is the lever of any of claims 1-6.