Coatings or coverings for surface finishing and clips for connecting the constituent elements thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- AE202602346
- Authority / Receiving Office
- AE · AE
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-06-19
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-10
Smart Images
Figure ABST_ABST
Abstract
Description
COATINGS OR COVERINGS FOR SURFACE FINISHING AND CLIPS FOR CONNECTING THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS THEREOF DESCRIPTION The present invention relates to fasteners for surface cladding and to surface cladding comprising said fasteners. The present invention also relates to cladding or coverings for exterior and interior surfaces and fastening means therefor. Surface cladding comprising a plurality of panels and longitudinal profile sections, these panels and profile sections usually being perpendicular to one another, are known. Said cladding is also referred to as coverings. Fasteners are located at the intersections between panels and profile sections. The fasteners are connected to the profile section, for example by screwing its base to the profile section or by inserting its base or elastic elements or tabs in a groove in the profile section. The fastener also has a head with two projections at the sides which are inserted in recesses or grooves located on the edge or side of the panels. Thus, each fastener connects a profile section to two adjacent sides. This type of cladding may be suitable for vertical or horizontal surfaces and for laying in a herringbone or chevron pattern or any other laying pattern in which panels are laid parallel to one another. It is also suitable for exterior and interior cladding, in other words cladding with a groove between parallel adjacent panels or panels in which the sides or edges of the parallel adjacent panels are not in contact with one another in the outermost part of the cladding. The following documents disclose cladding and fasteners as described above: ES1029540U, ES2238878A, ES1225774U and ES2504665A. More specifically, ES1225774U discloses cladding comprising a structure made up of a plurality of panels secured to profile sections by means of fasteners positioned simultaneously in cavities in said panels and profile sections. Said fasteners have a head for insertion in one of the cavities of the panel and an elastic body connected to the head for insertion in a cavity of the profile section. The head and the elastic body are rotated with respect to one another forming an angle of greater than or equal to 0° and less than 90°, allowing the fitting of panels, including herringbone panels. The head has embedding protrusions which have a degree of elasticity and are arranged at diagonally opposite ends of the neck of the fasteners. WO2015159136 discloses cladding which comprises panels, fastening means and longitudinal profile sections. Each profile section has a guide designed to work together with a fastening means. The guide of the profile section is made up of a groove which provides access to a cavity which is larger, in terms of cross section, than the groove. The sides of each panel have a groove in which a head of the fastening means is inserted in order to join the profile section to the panel. The base of the fastening means has dimensions allowing rotation between a first and a second position when it is inserted in the groove in the guide. The fasting means has a first shape with a first cross section and a second shape with a second cross section. The second shape comes into dimensional interference with the guide in the second position (immobilizing the position of the fastening means), while the first shape allows free movement along the profile section in the first position. The dimensions of the head of the fastening means determine the distance separating adjacent panels defining a separation between panels. Exterior cladding that has an upper surface with grooves between the component panels thereof to enable the passage of water, for example rainwater, is also known. Cladding of this type in which, despite the existence of grooves in the upper surface, the cladding does not enable the back or rear part thereof to be seen, on account of which the fastening means, for example fasteners, that are commonly fastened to the support frame are not visible, thereby improving the appearance thereof, is also known. Patent ES 2215485 A1 discloses cladding of the aforementioned type in which the lateral edges of the panels comprise recesses and projections on the upper part of the panel so that the visible face of the cladding conceals both the back on which the cladding is mounted and the fasteners between panels. Furthermore, the panels have cavities for receiving the fastener that are slightly in the mid-to-low part of the panel, in order to reduce the travel of the fastener, thereby reducing production costs. Moreover, the fasteners have intermediate zones which are vertical with respect to the profile section. One problem common to all these coverings relates to the removal of the cladding, which is sometimes necessary to access services concealed beneath the cladding or for repair purposes. When the panels are pulled off, the panels and / or the fasteners can break. Even if the fasteners are made of a material with elastic properties and not screwed to the profile section, sometimes some of the fasteners are damaged in the process because the forces can exceed the strength of the material. It is also difficult, for various reasons, to control the force applied to the fastener during removal. Even if it is possible to remove a panel without breaking the fastener, the removal and refitting of a panel can give rise to problems, because of the lack of space owing to the presence of the fastener and other panels that have not been removed make difficult or even prevent refitting, and therefore, sometimes it is necessary to break the fastener to allow refitting. As a result, it is necessary to have spare panels and / or fasteners when performing these tasks which, if possible, may be applicable to the different types of fastener systems in existence. According to a first aspect, it is an aim of the present invention to disclose a new fastener which allows the cladding to be removed without the fastener being damaged, so that the latter can be reused. Surface cladding is a popular option on account of the attractive appearance and durability thereof. As the demand for exterior cladding has increased, the need for stocks of panels with different surface finishes (colours, textures, etc.) has also increased. According to a second aspect, one aim of the present invention is to address the need to store large stocks of panels having different finishes. In particular, according to a first aspect, the present invention discloses a fastener for surface cladding which comprises panels located on profile sections and fasteners connecting a profile section to two panels, of the type comprising a head with two lateral projections for insertion into lateral grooves in panels and a base for connection or fastening to said profile section. The fastener is characterized in that at least one of said lateral projections is arranged on a part capable of movement with respect to the rest of the fastener, such that said projection is at least partially movable or retractable with respect to the fastener, the fastener having a resilient element for return to the position of said movable or retractable projection. Preferably, said resilient element is arranged on said part capable of movement. The function of said resilient element is to exert a force opposing the movement of said part capable of movement with respect to the fixed part when it encounters resistance to said movement. The present invention discloses the use of fasteners comprising two parts, one of which has at least one of the lateral projections. This part is capable of moving relative to the rest of the fastener, such that the projection is at least partially movable or retractable. In other words, by virtue of the movement of the part, the projection may be brought, at least partially, towards the inside of the fastener, such that it protrudes to a lesser extent. With such capacity for movement, the panel may push out of the way the side against which it catches during fitting and removal processes. Pushing the side out of the way prevents the fastener from breaking. The resilient element arranged opposite has the function of causing the part capable of movement, and along with it the movable or retractable projection, to return to its initial position, which may be necessary during the fitting process, in some cases, and is advantageous during the removal process. Another function of the resilient element is to oppose a degree of resistance to removal of the panel, since in order to remove the panel it will be necessary to overcome the force generated by the elastic element. This prevents panels from being removed accidentally. An additional advantage of the present invention is that it is applicable to many types of fastener since it allows the base to be of any known type such as, for example, a base with a screw hole, elastic tabs for insertion into a groove, or a base angled with respect to the head for fastening same by rotation. Preferably, the part capable of movement comprises both lateral projections of the fastener, the resilient element being located at a free end of one of the projections. In this way, the resilient element meets the walls of the groove in which the free end is housed as stops against the movement, which will generate resistance in the resilient element, which at the same time will cause the resilient element to generate said force for returning to the initial or neutral position. Preferably, said part capable of movement moves in a direction that connects the two projections. Also preferably, the fastener is positioned in the cladding in such a way that this movement is parallel to the outer surface of the cladding. Also preferably, this direction is perpendicular to the axis connecting a head and base of the fastener. The resilient element may take various forms. It may be a spring, or it may be an elastic element, such as one or more curved arms made of flexible material. Advantageously, the fastener may comprise at least one guide for guiding the movement of the part capable of movement. Preferably, the guide comprises a groove and a mating projection. The projection may be located in the part capable of movement and the groove in a part constituting the rest of the fastener, or vice versa. The fastener may comprise a stop element which defines a neutral position. The neutral position may be, preferably, the normal position upon fitting. The stop element may generate, in the neutral position, a force that has to be overcome in order to initiate the movement of the part capable of movement. This prevents accidental or unwanted movements of the part of capable of movement. It is also possible to provide the fastener with various stop elements, which are activated at different points along the path of the part capable of movement. Preferably, the stop element comprises a flexible arm with an end projection that is inserted in a hole or recess in said neutral position. To facilitate movement of the panel, the part capable of movement during the fitting and removal processes, preferably, at least one lateral projection located on the part capable of movement, has chamfered edges. The base of the fastener may be of any type, for example being fastened to a profile section by means of screwing, locking or using an elastic element. Preferably, the fastener has an intermediate zone that connects the head to a base, the intermediate zone being oblique with respect to the head and the base in such a way that the head and the base are offset from one another. This embodiment is especially useful for reversible cladding or coverings. The present invention also discloses surface cladding comprising panels located on top of profile sections and fasteners which connect a profile section to two panels, the fastener comprising a head with two lateral projections for insertion into respective lateral grooves in said two panels, and a base for connection or fastening to said profile section which comprises at least one fastener according to the present invention. Preferably, all of the fasteners connecting profile sections and panels are fasteners according to the present invention. Said lateral projections of the fastener are inserted in lateral grooves in two contiguous panels. Preferably, the fastener is located such that said part capable of movement of the fastener moves in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction followed by said grooves in the panels and which connects grooves in contiguous panels. Particularly advantageously, the resilient element faces an end wall of one of said grooves, such that they can exert said resistance to movement. In the present invention, “profile section” means any type of element suitable for fastening of the fasteners of the cladding. According to a second aspect, the present invention discloses cladding that comprises multiple panels connected using fasteners to a fastening frame, the panels being arranged parallel to one another and in one and the same plane, the panels having cavities in the lateral edges, the cavities of contiguous panels being arranged opposite one another to receive the fastener, the contiguous panels being arranged so as to form a groove between contiguous lateral edges of two contiguous panels, and the lateral edges of the panels having an arrangement of mating recesses and projections, in which the fasteners comprise a head that is connected to the cavities of the panel, an intermediate zone that connects the head to the base and a base for joining to the fastening frame, preferably to the profile sections, characterized in that the cavities are located at a midpoint of the corresponding panel, and in that the shape of the mating recesses and projections is such that the path of the groove is symmetrical with respect to the central point thereof, and in that the intermediate zone of the fastener has a shape that follows the path of the groove. Consequently, the present invention provides for the implementation of cladding that has symmetrical cavities and grooves in the panels, as well as the optimization of the features of the assembly fasteners to provide precise alignment and solid fastening. The panels are reversible and the same fasteners can be used for both faces of the panels, which enables panels to have a different surface finish on each of the faces thereof, thereby halving the panel stocks required. Consequently, the present invention enables production of a single panel type that may be reversible, thereby reducing the costs associated with the production of different types of panels. Furthermore, each face of said panel may preferably have a different finish. The present invention provides a novel solution for obtaining reversibility for grooved cladding that conceals the joining fasteners, while retaining the ease of installation of the surface cladding, which is a significant advance in the field of construction and architectural design. Different types of symmetry with respect to the central point may be applied. In preferred embodiments, the groove is axially symmetrical with respect to the midplane of the panel. In preferred embodiments, the groove is centrally symmetrical with respect to the midplane of the panel. In certain embodiments, the groove follows an oblique path on both sides of the cavities with respect to the upper surface of the cladding. In certain embodiments, the groove follows a zigzag path, i.e. with two vertical portions and an oblique portion on each side of the cavities. Preferably, the support frame for fastening to the element to be clad comprises a series of profile sections or battens that are parallel to one another, and preferably arranged perpendicular to the panels. In certain embodiments, the head has pairs of protuberances intended to reduce the play inside the receiving cavity and the base also has a hole for receiving a fastening screw or other equivalent elements for fastening to the frame. In some embodiments, the screw may be positioned parallel to the direction of the groove in the placement zone thereof. It is also possible for example, in certain embodiments, for the screw to be screwed in a direction perpendicular to the surface on which the cladding is arranged.In certain embodiments, the head of the fastener comprises two lateral projections, wherein one of the projections is formed by flexible curved arms that act as springs that, when compressed, exert a return force in the direction of movement. The present invention also discloses a type of fastener that allows reversibility of the panels of the cladding to which the present invention relates. A novel form of assembly fastener designed specifically to interact with the panels to which the present invention relates is disclosed. These fasteners have additional features that enable the same fastener to be used for both faces of the panel. The fasteners preferably have an enlarged head that is designed to be inserted into the cavities of the panels, a base for fastening to a support structure, and an intermediate zone that connects the head and the base, wherein said intermediate zone is oblique with respect to the head and the base, so that the head and the base are offset from one another. Offsetting the head and the base enables the fastener to follow the path of the groove formed between the reversible panels to which the present invention relates. Even more preferably, the head has a flat zone that has projections in the free zone thereof to make contact with the wall opposite the groove of the cavity into which it is inserted. In preferred embodiments, the fastener is made of a synthetic material. In preferred embodiments, the fastener is made of a plastic material. In preferred embodiments, the fastener is made of a metal material. Other materials may also be suitable for the present application, or other materials whose function can be optimized. More specifically, the second aspect of the invention is defined by the attached clauses.CLAUSES 1. Cladding comprising multiple panels (100, 1001) connected using fasteners (1, 1008) to a fastening frame, the panels (100, 1001) being arranged parallel to one another and in one and the same plane, the panels (100, 1001) having cavities (1002) in the lateral edges, the cavities (1002) of contiguous panels (1001) being arranged opposite one another to receive the fastener, the contiguous panels (100, 1001) being arranged so as to form a groove (1003) between contiguous lateral edges of two contiguous panels (1001), and the lateral edges of the panels (100, 1001) having an arrangement of mating recesses (1004, 1006, 1020, 1021, 1023, 1024) and projections (1005, 1007, 1018, 1019, 1022, 1025), in which the fasteners comprise a head (1010) that is connected to the cavities (1002) of the panel (100, 1001), an intermediate zone (1011) that connects the head (1010) to the base (1012) and a base (1012) for joining to the fastening frame, characterized in that the cavities (1002) are located at a midpoint of the corresponding panel (100, 1001), and in that the shape of the mating recesses (1005, 1007, 1018, 1019, 1022, 1025) and projections (1004, 1006, 1020, 1021, 1023, 1024) is such that the path of the groove (1003) is symmetrical with respect to the central point thereof, and in that the intermediate zone (1011) of the fastener (1, 1008) has the same shape as the path of the groove (1003). 2. Cladding according to clause 1, characterized in that the groove (1003) is axially symmetrical with respect to the midplane of the panel (100, 1001). 3. Cladding according to clause 1, characterized in that the groove (1003) is centrally symmetrical with respect to the midplane of the panel (100, 1001). 4. Cladding according to any of the preceding clauses, characterized in that the groove (1003) follows an oblique path on both sides of the cavities (1002) with respect to the upper surface of the cladding. 5. Cladding according to any of the preceding clauses, characterized in that the groove (1003) follows a zigzag path. 6. Cladding according to any of the preceding clauses, characterized in that the support frame for fastening to the element to be clad comprises a series of profile sections (1009) or battens that are parallel to one another, and preferably arranged perpendicular to the panels. 7. Cladding according to any of clauses 1 to 6, characterized in that the head (1010) has pairs of protuberances (1016) intended to reduce the play inside the receiving cavity (1002) and the base (1012) also has a hole (1017) for receiving a fastening screw (1015). 8. Cladding according to any of clauses 1 to 6, characterized in that the head (1010) of the fastener (1, 1008) comprises two lateral projections (1013, 1014), wherein one of the projections (1013) is formed by flexible curved arms that act as springs that, when compressed, exert a return force in the direction of movement. 9. Fastener for cladding according to any of clauses 1 to 8, having an enlarged head (1010) that is designed to be inserted into the cavities (1002) of the panels (100, 1001), a base (1012) for fastening to a support structure, and an intermediate zone (1011) that connects the head (1010) and the base (1012), characterized in that said intermediate zone (1011) is oblique with respect to the head (1010) and the base (1012), so that the head (1010) and the base (1012) are offset from one another. 10. Fastener according to clause 9, characterized in that the head (1010) has a flat zone that has projections (1013, 1014) in the free zone thereof to make contact with the wall opposite the groove (1003) of the cavity (1002) into which it is inserted. 11. Fastener according to either of clauses 9 and 10, characterized in that the fastener is made of a synthetic material. 12. Fastener according to either of clauses 9 and 10, characterized in that the fastener is made of a plastic material. 13. Fastener according to either of clauses 9 and 10, characterized in that the fastener is made of a metal material. For a better understanding of the present invention, drawings of embodiments of the various aspects of the invention are attached by way of illustrative but non-limiting example. Figure 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a fastener for surface cladding according to the present invention. Figure 2 is another perspective view of the first example of the fastener. Figure 3 is a third perspective view of the fastener. Figure 4 shows a view in section in a longitudinal plane through the fastener, making it possible to see the internal elements more clearly. Figure 5 is a top plan view of the fastener. Figure 6 schematically shows a first step in the method for removing a panel of cladding according to the present invention, which has a fastener similar to that shown in Figures 1 to 5. Figure 7 schematically shows a second step in the removal method. Figure 8 schematically shows a third step in the removal method. Figure 9 schematically shows the method for refitting the panel removed using the method in Figures 6 to 8. Figure 10 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a fastener according to the present invention. Figure 11 is a second perspective view of the second embodiment of the fastener. Figure 12 is a view in side elevation of the second embodiment of the fastener. Figure 13 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of the fastener. Figures 14 and 15 show individual perspective views of chevron cladding with a fourth embodiment of the fastener. Figure 16 shows a schematic detail of the cross section through two contiguous panels of reversible cladding, showing the shape of the edges and the groove formed therebetween. Figure 17 is a cross section showing the placement and operation of a fastener in two parts, in which the fastener is fastened to the profile section and the panels are fastened together by the fastener. Figure 18 is a frontal section through the profile section and the fastener in the example in Figure 17. Figure 19 is a side view of the fastener in Figures 17 and 18. Figure 20 is a front view of the fastener in the previous figure. Figure 21 is a view in side elevation of another embodiment of cladding according to the present invention, with a fastener comprising two parts, one being movable relative to the other. Figure 22 is a perspective view corresponding to the cladding in the previous figure, in which a panel has been removed to show the fastener and its fastening. Figure 23 is a top plan view corresponding to the previous figure. Figure 24 shows a detail of the cross section through reversible cladding comprising panels, a profile section and a fastener. Figure 25 is a side view of the fastener in the previous figure. Figure 26 shows a detail of the cross section through another reversible cladding comprising panels, a profile section and a fastener. Figure 27 shows a detail of the cross section through another reversible cladding comprising panels, a profile section and a fastener according to the present invention. Figures 1 to 5 show a first example of a fastener 1 according to the present invention. The fastener is made up of two parts 11, 12 capable of movement relative to one another. The direction of movement has been indicated using the line A. As can be seen in this case, the movement A is parallel to the base 13 of the fastener. It is also perpendicular to the main axis of the fastener which runs from the head to the base of the fastener. The fixed part 12 includes some of the head and the base 13 of the fastener. The base is intended to be fastened to a profile section or a surface on which the panels forming the outside of the cladding are positioned. To this end, in this case, it has a lower hole 14 for receiving a fastening screw (not shown in the figures). The fixed part 12 has a lightening groove 19, and the hole 14 passes through this groove 19 via a passage 141, as can be seen in Figure 4. The fixed part 12 also has a guide system to facilitate the movement of the movable part 11. In the case shown, the guides consist of recessed grooves 123 that receive mating projections 113 of the movable part and direct the movement in the direction A of movement between parts, coinciding with the main direction of the grooves. Alternatively, the fixed part may have projections inserted in mating grooves in the movable part. Also alternatively, guidance could be left to the contact between walls of the two parts 11, 12, dispensing with mating grooves and projections. Optionally, there may also be elements for interlocking between the fixed part 12 and the movable part that define a “neutral” position in which it is necessary to exert a predetermined force to initiate movement in the direction A and / or act as stops for the movement. In the case of the example shown, the fastener 1 has been provided with two interlocking systems of this type. One is formed by the flexible arm 116, located in a hole 118, and having a head or tip 117 which is inserted in a recess located in a recess zone 217 of the fixed part 12, and the other by the lug 115 connected to the rest of the movable part by a transition 1151 and ending in a claw which is ultimately inserted in a recess 215 located on a side of the fixed part 12. In the example shown, both systems are activated and deactivated at the same time, since when the tip 117 enters the recess of the recessed zone 217, the claw of the lug 115 enters the recess 215. Both the lug 115 and the flexible arm 116 may exert an elastic force that has to be overcome in order to move the movable part 11 from the neutral position shown. It would also be possible for both systems to correspond to different points in the movement of the movable part in the direction A. The movable part 11 in the example comprises both lateral projections 111, 112 of the fastener. One of the projections 111 is formed by flexible curved arms that act as springs that, when compressed, exert a return force in the direction of movement A. Other resilient systems could also be used. Alternatively, the projection 111 could form part of the fixed part, in which case the spring (for example lateral projections 111 similar to those in the example) would be in the movable part or in the fixed part. The fixed part 12 in the example also has a hole 114 providing access to the hole 14 in the fixed part for receiving a fastening screw (not shown in the figures). The flexible arm 116 mentioned above is also located in said hole. In the fixed part in the example, the portion of the head and the base 13 are separated by a neck 132. Figures 6 to 8 show the removal of a panel 100 of cladding according to the present invention, with fasteners similar to those shown in Figures 1 to 5. Figure 9 shows the panel removed from the cladding being refitted. The cladding shown in Figures 6 to 9 is made up of panels 100 arranged on a base or profile sections 200. The profile sections 200 are preferably perpendicular to the panels 100. The panels 100 have grooves 101, 105 on their sides. Since the grooves 101, 105 are arranged in an intermediate portion of the edge or side of the panels 100, on both sides of each groove 101, 105, projections 102, 103, 104, 106 are defined. As can be seen, the shapes of the edges of contiguous panels are mating and the panels 100 are placed relative to one another such that, in the case shown, they leave a groove between them 300. The assembly is joined by fasteners 1 like that shown in Figures 1 to 5, screwed to the profile sections 200 at the points of intersection with the panels 100. The fasteners are inserted into the grooves 101, 105 of contiguous panels, such that each fastener 1 is fastened to a profile section 200 and to two contiguous panels 100. In particular, each of the lateral projections 111, 112 of the head is inserted into a groove 105, 101, respectively. The cladding may be initially fitted using conventional methods that do not require the fastener to have two parts that are movable relative to one another. Figures 6 to 8 show the removal of a panel 100 from cladding made up of panels 100 and base elements such as, for example, profile sections 200. As can be seen, the cladding comprises fasteners like those shown in Figures 1 to 5. Each fastener joins a profile section 200 to two adjacent panels 100. The lateral projections 111, 112 on each fastener are inserted in corresponding grooves 105, 101 located in the edges of the panels. As can be seen, to remove a panel 100, a tool 1000 like a scraper is inserted into the groove between adjacent panels and used like a lever, exerting a force in the direction indicated by an arrow in Figure 6. This causes the panel to lift and press on the lateral projection 111 which, owing to its capacity for movement with respect to the rest of the fastener, retracts, leaving the way free for the panel in its outward travel and thereby crushing the resilient element of the other lateral projection 112 (Figure 7). Once the panel has lifted sufficiently, the lower projection 102 of the panel stops pressing on the lateral projection 112 of the fastener and, owing to the action of the elastic element, the fastener returns to its initial position (Figure 8). To refit the panel after a panel has been removed, as can be seen in Figure 9, top row, from the position in Figure 9, top row, the panel 100 to be positioned against the corresponding the fastener or fasteners 1 is pressed. This pressure causes the lateral projection 112, and along with it the movable part, to move towards the adjacent panel. As can be seen, the projection 112 retracts, moving towards the inside of the fastener. Since the movable part comprises both projections 111, 112 of the fastener, the retraction of the pressed lateral projection 112 causes the other lateral projection 111 to be inserted further into its groove 105, such that the elastic element of the lateral projection 111 inserted in said groove 105 of the adjacent panel is compressed (intermediate row in Figure 9). Once the lower projection 102 of the panel 100 which is being inserted goes beyond the head of the fastener, the projection 112 pressed by the panel 100 which is being inserted is level with the corresponding groove 101 in the panel which is being inserted. At this point, the elastic element of the lateral projection 111, which was being compressed, pushes the movable part 11 towards the inside of the groove 105, in such way as to obtain the final position shown in the bottom row in Figure 9. For removal, the reverse process is followed. As can be seen, it is advantageous for the projection 112 of the fastener 1 which does not have an elastic element to have chamfered edges, so as to facilitate the pushing by the panel 100 in the direction of relative movement between the movable part and the fixed part of the fastener during the process of assembly and dismantling. Figures 10 to 12 show another embodiment of the fastener in which the base 13 of the fastener is not screwed, but has an elastic element 2 for fastening to a profile section of known type which is inserted in the longitudinal groove in the profile sections of the cladding for which it is intended. The elastic element is formed of a neck 136, 136’ which leads to respective clavicles 137, 137’ and shoulders 138, 138’, which lead to two elastic curved arms 139, 139’. The rest of the elements of the fastener are similar to the embodiment in Figures 1 to 5, and therefore are indicated using the same reference numbers and are not described in depth. Figure 13 shows an alternative fastener 1 to those shown in previous figures. Elements identical to or the same as those shown in previous figures are indicated using the same reference numbers and are therefore not described in detail. The movable part 11 is identical to those disclosed above, as is the fixed part 12 as regards the portions thereof for interconnection with the movable part 11. However, the base of the fastener 1 is modified to facilitate its insertion into a groove in a profile section and its removal without the need to break or screw any elements. In particular, the groove has a neck 136, this case rounded, and of small dimensions, in particular, said dimensions must be smaller than those of a groove in the profile section or base on which the cladding and the fastener (profile section with a groove, not shown in the figures) are located, and must allow the neck to rotate inside said groove. After the neck 136, the fastener 1 has an extended base 147 larger than the neck 136. The function of the base 147 is to be located in the cavity or guide in a batten, profile section or base, being capable of rotating inside it. Therefore, the smaller dimension of the base 147 will be smaller than that of the groove in the batten, profile section or base, whereas the larger dimension will be greater. After the base 147, the fastener has a stud 148 with a rounded tip 149 to promote fastening by contact and sliding along the groove in the profile section or base. This fastener has the fitting and removal advantages disclosed in WO2015 / 159136. Figures 14 and 15 disclose a fastener 1 like those above, suitable for chevron coverings or cladding, in other words with panels 100 at right angles. As a result, the geometry of the head of the fastener 1 is also formed with a right angle. Elements similar to or the same as those shown in other figures are indicated using the same reference numbers and are therefore not described in detail. Likewise, the fastener has been shown schematically, details identical or similar to those shown in the previous figures being applicable to the movable 11 and fixed 12 parts that make up the fastener 1. Figure 16 shows an example of two contiguous panels 1001. Both panels 1001 comprise opposing cavities 1002 in the lateral edges to fit the edges of the fasteners. Figure 16 does not show the fasteners or the base elements. Said cavities 1002 are positioned in the central zone of the panel 1001 so that the cavity is equidistant from the surface of the upper and lower edges of the panel 1001. The two panels 1001 are identical and are arranged one in front of the opposite side of the other panel 1001. This arrangement of the two panels 1001 forms a groove 1003. The left-hand panel 1001 has two projections 1004, 1006 with respect to the upper part of the groove. One of the projections 1004 is positioned above the cavity 1002 and the other projection 1006 is positioned below the cavity. Correspondingly, the right-hand panel 1001 has two mating recesses 1005, 1007 corresponding to and facing the projections 1004, 1006 of the contiguous panel, so as to form a groove 1003 between the panels 1001. The groove 1003 has an approximately constant width, except in the zone of the cavities 1002. As shown, the shape of the lateral edges of the panels 1001, and in particular the shape and layout of the projections 1004, 1006 and the recesses 1005, 1007 and the cavities, is such that the groove 1003 is centrally symmetrical. This means that, if the two panels 1001 are inverted, the layout of the groove 1003 is the mirror image of Figure 16, which enables the same fastener 1 to be used to fasten the inverted panels 1001. Figures 17 to 19 show another embodiment of the fastener 1 applicable to reversible cladding, like that shown in Figure 16. Like the fasteners shown in Figures 1 to 15, the fastener 1 has a fixed part 11 and a movable part 12. The movable part 11 also has flexible projections 111 like those shown in Figures 1 to 15. The shape of the base of the fastener 1 allows it to be slid along a groove in the profile section or base on which the cladding or covering is fastened, like the fastener shown in Figure 13. Elements similar to or the same as those shown in the figures described above are indicated using the same reference numbers and are therefore not described in detail. The fastener 1 has also been depicted schematically, the details shown in Figures 1 to 15 being applicable thereto, both as regards the shape of the head or the base, or the features of the parts 11, 12 and their interconnection. Figure 17 shows cladding formed by the same panels 1001 as in Figure 16 and a fastening frame that comprises base elements in the form of profile sections 1009. The profile sections 1009 are arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the panels 1001. The assembly is joined using fasteners 1. The fasteners 1 are joined to the profile sections 1009 at the points of intersection with the panels 1001. The fasteners 1 are also inserted into the cavities 1002 of contiguous panels, so that each fastener 1 is fastened to a profile section 1009 and to two contiguous panels 1001. As shown, the shape of the mating projections 1004, 1006 and recesses 1005, 1007 is such that the vertical sight-line falls on one of the panels 1001, which means that the fastener 1 is not visible. Figure 17 uses an arrow to show that the panels 1001 can be rotated so that the lower surface thereof is exposed. In this example, the groove 1003 would be arranged as a mirror image of Figure 17, and therefore the fastener 1 could be used in the rotated layout by rotating it with respect to Figure 17. Figure 18 shows the profile section 1009 and the fastener 1 from Figure 17. In this embodiment, the base element has a projection that enables the insertion thereof through the groove in the profile section and subsequent rotation of the fastener 1 to fasten it in the profile section 1009. The profile section 1009 may vary from that shown in the figures, and may be a profile section that can be used for different types of fasteners 1008. As shown in Figures 19 and 20, the fastener 1 is formed by three elements 10, 11, 12: a head 1010, an intermediate zone 1011 and a base 1012. The intermediate zone 1011 that connects the head 1010 to the base 1012 is oblique, so that the head 1010 and the base 1012 are offset from one another. This enables the fastener 1 to be used with the panels 1001 shown in the previous figures. In this example, the head 1010 is movable with respect to the rest of the fastener 1. The head 1010 of the fastener 1 comprises two lateral projections 1013, 1014. In particular, each of the lateral projections 1013, 1014 of the head is inserted respectively into a cavity 1002 of the panel. The panel 1001 presses one of the lateral projections 1014, which enables insertion thereof. One of the projections 1013 is formed by flexible curved arms that act as springs that, when compressed, exert a play recovery force in the direction of movement. Other spring systems could also be used. Alternatively, the projection could be part of the intermediate zone 1011 or the base 1012, in which case the spring (for example lateral projections similar to those in the example) would be on the head 1010 or the base 1012. The base 1012 is intended to be fastened to a profile section 1009 or a surface on which the panels 1001 forming the outside of the cladding are positioned, and may be changed depending on the surface it is fastened to. The fastener 1 in the example is made of a flexible material, preferably a plastic, which allows the elastic deformation of the lateral projections 1013, 1014 of the head. Other materials could also be used. The fasteners 1 may be positioned in the profile sections 1009 before installing the panel 1001, by press fitting the fasteners 1008 into the profile sections 1009, deforming the legs of the fasteners 1008 by means of the vertical movement. Other insertion methods may also be used. Figures 21 to 23 show yet another embodiment of the cladding and fastener. Elements identical or equivalent to those shown in previous figures are indicated using the same reference numbers and are not explained in depth. The fastener 1 in this example also comprises a movable part 11 and a fixed part 12, as in the above examples. The movable part 11 comprises flexible projections 111 formed by flexible curved arms that act as springs that, when compressed, exert a return force that secures the head in the corresponding groove. In particular, since they are compressed by the end wall of the cavity 1002 in which they are inserted, the flexible projections 111, 111’ push the opposite projection 112 of the movable part 11 against the bottom of the corresponding groove or cavity in the contiguous panel 1001. Likewise, the fixed part 12 of the fastener 1 comprises an intermediate zone or oblique neck, like the fastener shown in Figures 17 to 20. In this case, the fastener 1 is fastened to a profile section or base using a screw 1015. To this end, the fastener may have a hole in the base. Figure 23 shows the dimensional interference existing between the projections 111, 111’ and the cavity, in other words the deformation of the projections caused by the interference with the end wall of the cavity 1002 has not been shown. This embodiment complies with both aspects of the invention mentioned above, in other words, it allows rapid removal as well as being applicable to reversible coverings or cladding. Although this embodiment has been shown in simplified form, the parts that make up the fastener 1 may include any of the features shown in Figures 1 to 20 above. Likewise, the fastener 1 may be adapted to any of the panels 100, 1001 disclosed in the present description. Figures 24 and 25 show another embodiment of the cladding. Whereas Figures 17 to 20 show an embodiment of the fastener 1008 in which the base 1012 of the fastener 1008 is not screwed, the fastener 1008 in Figures 24 and 25 is screwed into the fastening structure or frame. The terms frame and structure are synonyms in the present document. For example, the frame may be a series of solid battens or parallel profile sections 1009. Figure 24 shows two adjacent panels 1001 that have two cavities 1002 in the lateral edges and a groove 1003 that separates the panels 1001 and follows a path that is oblique overall with respect to the plane containing the profile sections 1009. Furthermore, said cladding has a profile section 1009 perpendicular to the panel 1001 and a fastener 1008 joined to the profile section 1009 with a screw 1015. The intermediate zone 1011 of the fastener 1008 follows the path of the groove 1003 between the cavities 1002 and the profile section 1009. For the left-hand panel 1001, there are two projections 1004, 1006 and for the right-hand panel 1001 there are two recesses 1005, 1007 forming a groove 1003. The projections 1004, 1006 and recesses 1005, 1007 of the panel 1001 have an oblique path. In this example, the panels 1001 are identical to those used in the example in Figures 16-20. As shown, the shape of the mating projections 1004, 1006 and recesses 1005, 1007 is such that the vertical sight-line falls on one of the panels 1001, which means that the fastener 1008 is not visible. Furthermore, the head 1010 of the fastener 1008 has pairs of protuberances 1016 intended to reduce the play inside the receiving cavity 1002. Figure 25 shows the fastener 1008 in Figure 24 formed by three elements 1010, 1011, 1012: a head 1010, an intermediate zone 1011 and a base 1012. The intermediate zone 1011 that connects the head 1010 to the base 1012 is oblique, so that the head 1010 and the base 1012 are offset from one another. This enables the fastener 1008 to be used with the panels 1001 shown in the previous figures. In this example, the head 1010 has pairs of protuberances 1016 intended to reduce the play inside the receiving cavity 1002. The base 1012 in the example also has a hole 1017 for receiving the fastening screw (not shown in the figure). The base 1012 of the fastener 1008 is offset from the head 1010. In Figures 26 and 27, elements that are similar or identical to the elements in Figure 24 are identified using the same reference numbers as in that figure, and are therefore not described in detail. Figure 26 shows two adjacent panels 1001 that have two cavities 1002 in the lateral edges and a groove 1003 between the panels 1001 that has a zigzag shape, i.e. with two vertical portions and an oblique portion on each side of the cavities 1002. The left-hand panel 1001 has two recesses 1018, 1019 and the right-hand panel 1001 has two mating projections 1020, 1021 facing said recesses. The shape of the projections and the recesses forms the zigzag path of the groove 1003. As shown, the shape of the mating projections 1020, 1021 and recesses 1018, 1019 is such that the vertical sight-line falls on one of the panels 1001, which means that the fastener 1008 is not visible. Furthermore, the head 1010 of the fastener 1008 has pairs of protuberances 1016. As shown, the shape of the lateral edges of the panels 1001, and in particular the shape and layout of the projections 1020, 1021 and the recesses 1018, 1019 and the cavities, is such that the groove 1003 is centrally symmetrical. This means that, if the two panels 1001 are inverted, the layout of the groove 1003 is the mirror image of Figure 16, which enables the same fastener to be used to fasten the inverted panels 1001. Figure 27 shows two adjacent panels 1001 that have two cavities 1002 in the lateral edges and an oblique groove 1003 between the panels 1001. The recess 1022 in the left-hand panel 1001 prevents the fastener 1008 from being seen from above the cladding. The left-hand panel 1001 has a recess 1022 and a projection 1023 and the right-hand panel 1001 has respectively a recess 1025 and a projection 1024. In this example, the projections 1023, 1024 of each panel 1001 face the respective recesses 1022, 1025 of the adjacent panel 1001, so that the groove 1003 changes direction in the zone of the cavities 1002 of the panels 1001. As shown, the shape of the mating projections 1023, 1024 and recesses 1022, 1025 is such that the vertical sight-line falls on one of the panels 1001, which means that the fastener 1008 is not visible. Furthermore, the head 1010 of the fastener 1008 has pairs of protuberances 1016. As shown, the shape of the lateral edges of the panels 1001, and in particular the shape and layout of the projections 1023, 1024 and the recesses 1022, 1025 and the cavities, is such that the groove 1003 is axially symmetrical with respect to the midplane of the panel 1001. This means that, if the two panels 1001 are inverted, the layout of the groove 1003 is the same as in Figure 16, which enables the same fastener to be used to fasten the inverted panels 1001. However, in this case, the screw 1015 is arranged obliquely in relation to the profile 1009, i.e. in the same direction as the intermediate zone 1011 of the fastener 1008 and following the direction of the groove 1003 in the placement zone of the screw. The embodiments shown in the figures are also an illustration of the second aspect of the present invention mentioned in the introduction. The present invention is applicable both to horizontal surfaces (ceilings, floors) and vertical surfaces (walls). The present invention is applicable to panels 100, 1001 made of any material. Although grooves with straight paths have been shown, it is also possible for the projections and recesses of the lateral edges of the panels to have rounded zones, so that the path of the groove has curved zones, in all cases satisfying the objective of preventing the fasteners from being seen from above the cladding. The person skilled in the art will appreciate the numerous advantages and features resulting from the present invention. The elements of the present invention are not fastened absolutely immovably together (the elements are only fitted together) and are therefore able to absorb the movements resulting from natural expansion of the composite, wood or any other material in both directions of the dimension thereof. The elements that form the installation may be disassembled, restored in a workshop, then reinstalled in their locations, thereby obviating the cumbersome task of in situ restoration, while ensuring achievement of initial quality on account of the greater facility of restoration in a workshop or factory, and avoiding the environmental impact resulting from in situ restoration, where treatment means and waste filtering cannot be used. Although the invention has been disclosed and described with reference to embodiments thereof, these embodiments do not limit the invention, and as such a wide range of structural or other details may become evident to a person skilled in the art upon reading the subject matter set out in the present description, claims and drawings. Accordingly, any variants and equivalents that could be considered to fall within the broadest interpretation of the following claims are included within the scope of the present invention.CLAIMS 1. Fastener for surface cladding which comprises panels located on profile sections and fasteners connecting a profile section to two panels, the fastener comprising a head with two lateral projections for insertion into respective lateral grooves in said two adjacent panels and a base for connection or fastening to said profile section, characterized in that at least one of the lateral projections is arranged on a part capable of movement with respect to the rest of the fastener, such that said projection is at least partially retractable with respect to the fastener, the fastener having a resilient element for return to the position of said retractable projection. 2. Fastener according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said resilient element is arranged on said part capable of movement, such that the resilient element is capable of exerting a force opposing the movement of said part capable of movement when it encounters resistance to said movement. 3. Fastener according to the preceding claim, characterized in that both lateral projections are located on said part capable of movement, said resilient element being located at a free end of one of them. 4. Fastener according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said part capable of movement moves in a direction that connects the two lateral projections. 5. Fastener according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said resilient element comprises at least one curved arm made of flexible material. 6. Fastener according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one guide for guiding the movement of the part capable of movement with respect to the rest of the fastener. 7. Fastener according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said at least one guide comprises a groove and a mating projection. 8. Fastener according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one stop element which defines a neutral position and which generates a force that has to be overcome in order to initiate the movement of the part capable of movement from said neutral position. 9. Fastener according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stop element comprises a flexible arm with an end projection that is inserted in a hole or recess in said neutral position. 10. Fastener according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one lateral projection located on the part capable of movement has chamfered edges. 11. Surface cladding comprising panels located on top of profile sections and fasteners which connect a profile section to two panels, the fastener comprising a head with two lateral projections for insertion into respective lateral grooves in said two panels, and a base for connection or fastening to said profile section, characterized in that it comprises at least one fastener according to any of Claims 1 to 10. 12. Cladding according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said lateral projections of the fastener are inserted in lateral grooves in two contiguous panels. 13. Cladding according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said part capable of movement moves in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction followed by said grooves in the panels and which connects grooves in contiguous panels. 14. Cladding according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the resilient element faces the walls of one of said grooves, such that they can exert said resistance to movement.ABSTRACTThe present invention relates to coatings for surfaces and clips for said coatings comprising panels located on profiles and clips that connect a profile to two panels. The clip comprises a head with two side projections for insertion into respective side slots of said two adjacent panels and a base for connecting or fastening to said profile. At least one of the side projections is arranged in a piece that is able to move with respect to the rest of the clip, a spring element in said piece that is able to move being arranged opposite said side projection arranged in said piece that is able to move, such that the spring element can exert a force opposite the movement of said piece that is able to move when said spring element encounters resistance to said movement. The invention discloses exterior and interior coatings that are reversible and non-reversible.
Claims
1. Fastener for surface cladding which comprises panels located on profile sections and fasteners connecting a profile section to two panels, the fastener comprising a head with two lateral projections for insertion into respective lateral grooves in said two adjacent panels and a base for connection or fastening to said profile section, characterized in that at least one of the lateral projections is arranged on a part capable of movement with respect to the rest of the fastener, such that said projection is at least partially retractable with respect to the fastener, the fastener having a resilient element for return to the position of said retractable projection. 2. Fastener according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said resilient element is arranged on said part capable of movement, such that the resilient element is capable of exerting a force opposing the movement of said part capable of movement when it encounters resistance to said movement. 3. Fastener according to the preceding claim, characterized in that both lateral projections are located on said part capable of movement, said resilient element being located at a free end of one of them. 4. Fastener according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said part capable of movement moves in a direction that connects the two lateral projections. 5. Fastener according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said resilient element comprises at least one curved arm made of flexible material. 6. Fastener according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one guide for guiding the movement of the part capable of movement with respect to the rest of the fastener. 7. Fastener according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said at least one guide comprises a groove and a mating projection. 8. Fastener according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one stop element which defines a neutral position and which generates a force that has to be overcome in order to initiate the movement of the part capable of movement from said neutral position. 9. Fastener according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stop element comprises a flexible arm with an end projection that is inserted in a hole or recess in said neutral position. 10. Fastener according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one lateral projection located on the part capable of movement has chamfered edges. 11. Surface cladding comprising panels located on top of profile sections and fasteners which connect a profile section to two panels, the fastener comprising a head with two lateral projections for insertion into respective lateral grooves in said two panels, and a base for connection or fastening to said profile section, characterized in that it comprises at least one fastener according to any of Claims 1 to 10. 12. Cladding according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said lateral projections of the fastener are inserted in lateral grooves in two contiguous panels. 13. Cladding according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said part capable of movement moves in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction followed by said grooves in the panels and which connects grooves in contiguous panels. 14. Cladding according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the resilient element faces the walls of one of said grooves, such that they can exert said resistance to movement.