Wet room

Abstract

The invention relates to a wet room having at least one wall (2), the wet room comprising a lining consisting of a room-side, ceramic inner layer (4) and a wall-side outer layer (5) adhesively bonded to the inner layer (4) to form a composite body, wherein the composite body forming a self-supporting wall element (3) is fastened in a grid-like manner to a supporting framework (7). In order to achieve advantageous construction conditions, it is proposed that the ceramic inner layer (4) is connected to the outer layer (5), which is also ceramic, by a vapor-tight intermediate layer (6) to form the self-supporting wall element (3).

Description

Wet CellTechnical FieldThe invention relates to a wet cell comprising at least one wall having a lining comprising a room-side ceramic inner layer and a wall-side outer layer adhesively bonded to the inner layer to form a composite body, wherein the composite body, which forms a self-supporting wall element, is secured to a supporting framework in a grid pattern.Prior ArtIn order to adhesively bond these ceramic tiles, the walls must be prepared in a correspondingly elaborate manner. In order to enable simple refurbishment of such wet cells, it is known (DE 10 2017 109 075 A1) to provide large-area wall elements comprising a building board, for example made of rigid foam, and a tile covering adhesively bonded to the building board. In order that these prefabricated wall elements can be installed in a sealed manner, sealing tapes are adhesively bonded along the outlines of the wall elements marked on the wall to be refurbished and are provided with beads of adhesive extending on both sides of the butt joint between the wall elements, such that the wall elements, which are themselves watertight, can be connected watertightly to the wall by means of the beads of adhesive without having to remove the existing wall cladding. These known wall elements thus require a load-bearing cell wall to which the wall elements can be adhesively bonded with edge-side sealing tapes interposed.In order not to have to adhesively bond non-ceramic linings onto correspondingly prepared wall surfaces, it is also known (DE 4341100 A1, EP 3978700 A1, US 5816005 A, US 9297167 B1) to use prefabricated wall elements having a self-supporting, optionally multilayered base plate to which ceramic tiles are adhesively bonded. These wall elements can be secured in different ways at locations distributed in a grid pattern on supporting frameworks. However, the self-supporting base plates of these wall elements necessitate additional materials. Moreover, considerably thicker wall elements result in comparison with conventional coverings made of ceramic tiles.In order to improve the strength of ceramic tiles, it is furthermore known (CN 202577743 U) to form the tiles in three layers, wherein two ceramic outer layers are adhesively bonded to one another by an intermediate layer made of aluminium. The intermediate layer made of aluminium can also be formed in a honeycomb shape (CN 202577835 U) in order to achieve improved properties with respect to sound insulation. By means of such an intermediate layer made of aluminium, higher strength values of the tile bodies can be achieved, despite comparatively thin ceramic outer layers, in comparison with single-layer ceramic tiles of comparable thickness. Apart therefrom, correspondingly prepared wall surfaces are required for adhesively securing these ceramic tiles.Disclosure of the inventionThe invention is based on the problem of configuring a wet cell having a ceramic lining such that no elaborately prepared walls are required for the construction of the wet cell in order to be able to adhesively bond the ceramic tile covering.Starting from a wet cell of the type described at the outset, the invention achieves the stated problem in that the ceramic inner layer is joined to the likewise ceramic outer layer by a vapour-tight intermediate layer to form the self-supporting wall element.By providing a composite body made of two ceramic layers, a self-supporting wall element is obtained which, on the one hand, is sufficiently flexurally elastic to absorb, for example, bending loads caused by transport or installation without risk of breakage and, on the other hand, is sufficiently flexurally rigid to be secured to a supporting framework in a load-transferring manner. By joining the two ceramic layers via a vapour-tight intermediate layer, a bending behaviour is achieved for the composite body which substantially corresponds to the bending behaviour of the individual layers, while the strength is determined by the composite action.Thus, no prepared, planar wall surface is required for installing the wall elements. A supporting framework to which the wall elements are secured in a grid pattern, preferably by adhesive bonding, is sufficient. The supporting framework, which advantageously forms a frame following the contour of the wall elements, with struts between the frame members stiffening the frame, can be positioned in front of a wall, but can also be used as a load-bearing wall structure.The tightness of such a wet-cell wall is ensured by the vapour-tight intermediate layer between the ceramic inner and outer layers of the wall elements, with the advantage that this vapour-tight intermediate layer, usually a sealing film, extends in a protected manner in the neutral zone of the composite body. Furthermore, by setting back one of the two ceramic layers relative to the other layer, an edge fold covered by the vapour-tight intermediate layer can be obtained for sealingly connecting the wall element.For the sealed connection of the wall elements abutting in the corner region between two walls, these wall elements can thus have, along the corner region, an outer layer inwardly offset relative to the inner layer. If the abutting corner edges of the inner layers, which project beyond the outer layers and are provided with the vapour-tight intermediate layer, are covered by an external angle member, a vapour-tight connection of the wall elements also results in the corner region.In a similar manner, a vapour-tight connection of the wall elements to the wet-cell floor can also be achieved if the wall element extending upward from a floor has, in the floor region, an outer layer offset relative to the inner layer, such that the bottom edge of the wall element, which projects beyond the outer layer toward the floor and is covered by the vapour-tight intermediate layer, can cover a floor leg.The wall elements preferably each form the ceramic lining of a wet-cell wall, which ensures simple installation conditions. However, a plurality of large-area wall elements can also be installed to form the ceramic lining of a wet-cell wall. In this case, advantageous constructional conditions result if, in each case, one of two abutting wall elements has an edge portion of the inner layer projecting beyond the outer layer and, with this projecting edge portion of the inner layer covered by the vapour-tight intermediate layer, overlaps, in a fold-like manner, an edge portion of the outer layer of the adjoining wall element which projects beyond the inner layer.The edge strips of the inner and outer layers which project opposite one another overlap one another when the wall elements are installed, with the vapour-tight intermediate layer interposed, such that a vapour-tight connection of the individual wall elements and thus, in turn, a vapour-tight ceramic lining of the wet-cell wall is ensured.Brief Description of the inventionThe subject matter of the invention is illustrated by way of example in the drawing. In the drawing:Fig. 1shows a wet cell according to the invention in a view of the outer side of a cell wall,Fig. 2shows a section along line II-II of Fig. 1 on a larger scale,Fig. 3shows a section along line III-III of Fig. 1 on a larger scale,Fig. 4shows a wall element forming the ceramic lining of a cell wall in a view of the outer side,Fig. 5shows the wall element according to Fig. 4 in a plan view on a larger scale, andFig. 6eine beispielsweise Aufteilung der keramischen Auskleidung einer Zellenwand in mehrere Wandelemente in einer in einer zum Teil aufgerissenen Ansicht auf die Außenseite der gefügten Wandelemente.Ways of carrying out the inventionA wet cell according to the invention has at least one cell wall 2 extending upward from a floor 1 and having a ceramic lining which is preferably formed by a prefabricated wall element 3 extending over the entire wall surface. This wall element 3 comprises a ceramic inner layer 4 facing the cell interior and a likewise ceramic outer layer 5 facing away from the cell interior, which is joined to the inner layer 4 by a vapour-tight intermediate layer 6 to form a self-supporting, rigid composite body that is secured to a supporting framework 7 forming a load-bearing wall structure, preferably by adhesive bonding. As indicated in Fig. 1, the supporting framework 7 forms a frame following the contour of the wall element 3, which frame is stiffened by struts provided between the frame members in order to support, in a load-transferring manner, not only the wall element 3 but also wet-cell installations, for which connection openings are provided in the correspondingly prefabricated wall element 3. Since full-surface adhesive bonding of the wall element 3 is not required, securing at individual fastening points distributed in a grid pattern over the wall surface is sufficient. Accordingly, a supporting framework 7 having a grid pattern is sufficient for securing a wall element 3.For the construction of a wet cell, it is therefore merely necessary to provide a supporting framework 7 extending upward from the floor 1, to which the ready-to-install wall elements 3 of the wet cell are secured. The otherwise required planar wall surfaces for full-surface adhesive bonding of the ceramic tiles are therefore unnecessary.In order to ensure a vapour-tight connection in the corner region between two cell walls 2, the wall elements 3 can have, along the corner region, an outer layer 5 inwardly offset relative to the inner layer 4, such that, according to Figs. 4 and 5, a corner edge 8 of the inner layer which projects continuously over the height of the wall element 3 results, which corner edge is covered by the vapour-tight intermediate layer 6. The corner region formed by the projecting corner edges 8 when installing two wall elements 3 forming a cell corner can, according to Fig. 2, be covered by an external angle member 9, whereby the sealed, fold-like connection of the wall elements 3 in the corner region by means of an external angle member 9 is achieved with little manufacturing effort.In a similar manner, a sealed connection of the wall elements 3 to the floor 1 can be structurally prepared by configuring the wall elements 3, also in the floor region, with an outer layer 5 inwardly offset relative to the inner layer 4, such that, according to Fig. 4, the inner layer 4 forms a bottom edge 10 projecting beyond the outer layer 5, which bottom edge is covered by the vapour-tight intermediate layer 6. By means of a floor leg 11 forming a raised floor edge, which, in accordance with Fig. 3, is overlapped in a fold-like manner by the bottom edge 10 of the inner layer 4 of the wall elements 3 when the wall elements 3 are installed, the sealed connection of the wall elements 3 to the floor 1 of the wet cell is thus ensured via the vapour-tight intermediate layer 6.In special cases, it can be advantageous to divide the ceramic lining of a cell wall 2 among a plurality of large-area wall elements, which, however, must be connected to one another in a vapour-tight manner. Fig. 6 indicates, by way of example, such a division of the wall surface into a plurality of wall elements 3a, 3b, 3c. The arrangement is configured such that, of the respective abutting wall elements 3a, 3b, 3c, one has an edge portion 12a, 12b of the inner layer 4a, 4b projecting beyond the outer layer 5a, 5b and, with this projecting edge portion 12a, 12b, overlaps an edge portion 13b, 13c of the outer layer 5b, 5c of the respective adjoining wall element 3b, 3c which projects beyond the inner layer 4b, 4c. Since the wall element 3b thus overlaps, in a fold-like manner, by means of the projecting edge portion 13b of the outer layer 5b extending in the height direction, the projecting edge portion 12a of the inner layer 4a of the wall element 3a, and, analogously thereto, the floor-parallel edge portions 12a, 12b of the inner layers 4a, 4b of the wall elements 3a, 3b are each overlapped by the projecting edge portion 13c of the outer layer 5c of the wall element 3c with the vapour-tight intermediate layer 6 interposed, an overall vapour-tight ceramic lining of the cell wall 2 results despite the construction from a plurality of wall elements 3a, 3b, 3c.

Claims

1. Wet cell comprising at least one wall (2) having a lining comprising a room-side ceramic inner layer (4) and a wall-side outer layer (5) adhesively bonded to the inner layer (4) to form a composite body, wherein the composite body, which forms a self-supporting wall element (3), is secured to a supporting framework (7) in a grid pattern, characterized in that the ceramic inner layer (4) is joined to the likewise ceramic outer layer (5) by a vapour-tight intermediate layer (6) to form the self-supporting wall element (3).

2. Wet cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall elements (3) forming a corner region between two walls (2) have, along the corner region, an outer layer (5) inwardly offset relative to the inner layer (4), and in that the abutting corner edges (8) of the inner layers (4), which project beyond the outer layers (5) and are provided with the vapour-tight intermediate layer (6), are covered by an external angle member (9).

3. Wet cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wall element (3) extending upward from a floor (1) has, in the floor region, an outer layer (5) inwardly offset relative to the inner layer (4), and in that the bottom edge (10) of the wall element (3), which projects beyond the outer layer (5) toward the floor (1) and is covered by the vapour-tight intermediate layer (6), covers a floor leg (11).

4. Wet cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lining is composed of a plurality of self-supporting wall elements (3a, 3b, 3c), and in that, in each case, one of two abutting wall elements (3a, 3b; 3a, 3c; 3b, 3c) has an edge portion (12a, 12b) of the inner layer (4a, 4b) projecting beyond the outer layer (5a, 5b) and, with this projecting edge portion (12a, 12b) covered by the vapour-tight intermediate layer (6), overlaps an edge portion (13b, 13c) of the outer layer (5b, 5c) of the adjoining wall element (3b, 3c), said edge portion (13b, 13c) projecting beyond the inner layer (4b, 4c).

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