Grate barrier element for a combustion grate

Abstract

The present application relates to a grate line bordering element (11) for a combustion grate for burning waste, comprising a channel element (15) and a channel covering (17) for covering the channel element (15) comprising at least one covering element (21, 23) and one termination element (25) with a locking device; wherein the termination element (25) has a support surface which points away from the channel element (15) and a first engaging element which is oriented towards the covering element (21, 23); the covering element (21, 23) has a support surface which points away from the channel element (15), a retaining element which is oriented towards the channel element (15), a second engaging element which is oriented towards the termination element (25) and is configured to receive the first engaging element, and a cut-out which is oriented towards the termination element (25) for receiving the locking device of the closure element (25); and wherein the locking device is configured in such a way that it locks the termination element (25) releasably in the channel element (15).

Description

[0001] Grate track limiting element for a combustion grate

[0002] The present invention relates to a grate path limiting element for a combustion grate for incinerating waste and to a combustion grate comprising at least one such grate path limiting element.

[0003] Combustion grates for the large-scale incineration of waste have been known to those skilled in the art for a long time. Such combustion grates can be in the form of pusher combustion grates, for example, which comprise moving parts for performing stoking strokes. The fuel is conveyed in the transport direction from an inlet end of the combustion grate to an outlet end and burned during this process. To supply the combustion grate with the oxygen required for combustion, appropriate air inlets are provided through the combustion grate, through which the air—also called primary air—is introduced.

[0004] A frequently used combustion grate is the so-called stepped grate. This comprises grate blocks arranged next to one another, each forming a row of grate blocks. The rows of grate blocks are arranged one above the other in a stepped manner. In the case of so-called pushing grates, the front end of a grate block (seen in the direction of travel) rests on a support surface of the adjacent (underlying) grate block in the direction of transport and is moved on this support surface when the pushing movement occurs. Due to the high temperatures during combustion and in the combustion chamber, the grate blocks are also exposed to very strong thermal stress. The thermal stress promotes erosion through abrasion and chemical reactions taking place on the support surface, which further damage the support surface. This all ultimately shortens the service life of the grate block.

[0005] To reduce thermal stress, the grate bars are typically cooled with a coolant or cooling fluid from below, i.e., on the side of the combustion grate opposite the combustion zone. Water or air is typically used as the coolant, which is why they are often referred to as air- or water-cooled grate blocks.

[0006] Since the grate tracks expand due to the heat generated during combustion and contract again when the moving grate of the moving grate combustion system is stopped, the individual grate tracks are arranged so that they can expand at least along one long side. This expansion can lead to problems if it deforms parts and / or creates gaps through which uncontrolled primary air enters the combustion chamber. This primary air promotes uncontrolled combustion, which further increases the thermal load.

[0007] In the case of two-lane moving grates or those which have multiple two-lane grate tracks arranged next to one another, a grate track separation constructed from individual, fixed grate separation elements is formed centrally between the two grate tracks, which is also referred to as a central beam.

[0008] DE 69105120 T2 discloses a connecting support which is intended to guarantee thermal expansion compensation and tightness of a space between two laterally attached grating strips.

[0009] WO 2018 / 149516 A1 discloses a grate separation element formed as a one-piece cast part. Due to its one-piece design, the grate separation element can only partially accommodate the lateral expansion of the grate tracks, which can cause the aforementioned gaps and, as a result, lead to unintentional primary air entering the combustion chamber.

[0010] It is therefore the object of the present invention to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a grate track limiting element which compensates for the thermal expansion of the grate tracks and thus prevents the uncontrolled escape of primary air into the combustion chamber.

[0011] This object is achieved according to the invention with a grate block according to claim 1 and a combustion grate according to claims 12 and 13, as well as with an incineration plant according to claim 15. Preferred embodiments of the invention are recited in the dependent claims.

[0012] The invention relates to a grate path boundary element for a combustion grate for waste incineration. The grate path boundary element comprises a channel element and a channel cover for covering the channel element. The channel cover comprises at least one cover element and a closure element with a locking device. The closure element comprises a support surface facing away from the channel element and a first engagement element oriented toward the cover element. The cover element comprises a support surface facing away from the channel element, a retaining element oriented toward the channel element, a second engagement element oriented toward the closure element and designed to receive the first engagement element, and a recess oriented toward the closure element for receiving the locking device of the closure element. The locking device is designed such that it releasably locks the closure element in the channel element.

[0013] In the context of the invention, the term "engaging element" refers to an element that engages with another element or is engaged by another element. Accordingly, both a nose and a recess for this nose are referred to as engaging elements.

[0014] The grate track delimitation element according to the invention has the advantage over prior art solutions that the expansion of the grate tracks is compensated by compressing the channel element. This leads to better tightness of the entire structure and, accordingly, to less uncontrolled inflow of primary air into the combustion chamber. A structure as defined in WO 2018 / 149516 A1 with a fixed cover does not lead to the same improved tightness, since the expansion of the grate tracks can be compensated less effectively due to the lower elasticity of the "one-piece" channel element.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the grate track delimitation element, the channel cover comprises a second cover element, which is preferably designed in the same way as the first cover element.

[0016] When attaching the duct cover, it is preferable to find a middle ground between the number of individual parts to be fitted and the weight of the individual parts to be fitted. In a design with an even distribution from cover element to end element, either the cover elements become relatively heavy or the effort required to secure the end elements is complex. With heavy cover elements, which therefore cover a larger area of ​​the duct element, two fitters are required to place the cover element together on the duct element. Furthermore, the effort required to secure the end elements should not be underestimated. For this reason, a sequence of two, preferably identically designed, cover elements is fixed with one end element. This makes the individual parts lighter and therefore easier to fit, and the number of end elements is reduced, which makes their fastening effort less difficult.

[0017] Preferably, the first engagement element is designed as a projection and the second engagement element as a recess. Accordingly, the engagement elements can be designed both as a projection and as a recess for receiving the projection. In the preferred embodiment, the cover element in each case comprises an engagement element designed as a recess, and the cover element comprises an engagement element designed as a projection (also known as a nose), which is designed to match the recess in the cover element. In a further preferred embodiment, the end element comprises two opposing engagement elements designed as projections, which each engage in the recesses in the cover elements.

[0018] This design achieves improved fixation of the channel cover in the channel element, which increases the tightness of the grate track boundary element.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the grate track delimitation element, the channel element comprises an opening directed toward the channel cover for receiving the retaining element of the cover element. The opening is designed as a groove with incisions and is narrower than the width of the retaining element. The incisions are wider than the width of the retaining element of the cover element.

[0020] In the context of the invention, a groove with incisions is understood to mean an elongated opening parallel to the longitudinal axis of the channel element, which has local widenings (incisions) that are wider than the groove.

[0021] Using this preferred design, the cover elements and the end elements can be inserted into the channel element at the location of the cuts and then pushed to the final installation location. This design thus enables simplified installation and removal of the cover elements and end elements without reducing their sealing ability. The channel element preferably comprises a cooling fluid channel with a cooling fluid inlet opening and a cooling fluid outlet opening. By installing a fluid channel or using the channel element as a fluid channel, the latter can be cooled, which reduces wear on the grate track limitation element and thus increases its service life.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the grate track limiting element, the opening of the channel element, which is directed toward the channel cover, extends into the fluid channel. This preferred design enables simplified production of the individual elements, which reduces their price and thus the price of the entire system.

[0023] Preferably, the grate path delimiting element comprises a sealing element attached laterally to the wall of the channel element. This sealing element further increases the tightness of the grate and reduces the uncontrolled inflow of primary air to the combustion chamber.

[0024] The moving grates usually comprise movable and immovable grate blocks which are arranged in rows of movable and immovable grate blocks. While the immovable grate block rows compress the grate track limiting element due to thermal expansion, this is not the case to the same extent with the movable grate block rows since these must still remain movable. It is therefore preferred that a sealing element is attached to the grate track limiting element above the contact point of the grate blocks, and more preferably this is only attached above the movable grate blocks. In a preferred embodiment of the grate track limiting element, the support surface of the cover element facing away from the channel element and the support surface of the end element facing away from the channel element are gable roof or mansard gable roof shaped, preferably with rounded edges.

[0025] In the context of the invention, the term "gable roof-shaped" refers to a shape that resembles a gable roof. That is, a shape in which a roof surface slopes down on both sides of a longitudinally oriented gable. In the context of the invention, a "mansard gable roof-shaped" refers to a special form of gable roof in which the roof surface sloping down from the gable does not extend as a flat plane, but is divided into several levels with different inclinations.

[0026] Further preferred embodiments of the support surface of the cover element and the end element facing away from the channel element are a semicircular shape, an elliptical shape or a flat plane.

[0027] The above-mentioned preferred embodiments of the support surface have proven to be particularly efficient in the transport and distribution of fuel on the combustion grate, so that no fuel remains on the grate path limiting element.

[0028] The locking device is preferably designed as a clamp, with the clamp particularly preferably being arranged between the support surface of the closure element and the channel element. This preferred embodiment of the locking device enables easy installation and removal while simultaneously ensuring high stability of the fixation, so that the closure element can be securely fixed but is also easy to assemble and disassemble.

[0029] The arrangement of the clamp below the support surface protects the clamp from direct contact with the firing material, so that it is not blocked or stuck by the firing material and is therefore easy to assemble and disassemble.

[0030] In a further preferred embodiment, the locking device is designed as a bolt with a locking pin, as a screw with or without a nut, or as an expansion element. All embodiments allow the locking device to be released with little effort in order to remove the end element. Even for the embodiments in which the locking device is designed as a bolt with a locking pin, as a screw with or without a nut, or as an expansion element, it is preferred that the locking device is arranged below the support surface in order to protect it from direct contact with the firing material.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the grate track delimitation element, the support surface of the cover element facing away from the channel element and the support surface of the end element facing away from the channel element are designed in the shape of a pent roof.

[0032] In the context of the invention, the term "pent roof-shaped" refers to a shape resembling a pent roof. With a pent roof, one side of the roof slopes downwards from the gable at an angle of between 10 and 80°, while the other, opposite side slopes downwards vertically or almost vertically. This embodiment is preferred if the grate path delimitation element extends along the wall of the combustion chamber.

[0033] A pent roof-shaped support surface has the advantage that fuel does not remain on the sides, preferably not on the side walls of the combustion chamber, which can lead to uncontrolled combustion.

[0034] The locking device preferably comprises a plate and a bolt that secures the plate in the closure element. This allows for easy installation and removal of a grate path limiting element that is only accessible from one side, for example, a grate path limiting element that extends along the wall of the combustion chamber.

[0035] The invention further relates to a combustion grate comprising at least two grate tracks and a grate track limiting element arranged between the grate tracks as described above.

[0036] The combustion grate according to the invention has, as described above, the advantage that the inflow of controlled combustion air into the combustion chamber is prevented.

[0037] The invention further relates to a combustion grate comprising at least one grate track and a grate track delimiting element as described above, arranged between the grate track and a side wall of a combustion chamber of an incineration plant. As described above, the combustion grate according to the invention has the advantage that the flow of controlled combustion air into the combustion chamber is prevented and no combustible material remains along the side walls.

[0038] The invention further relates to an incineration plant for the thermal treatment of waste comprising one or more combustion grates ( e ) as described above .

[0039] As described above, the incineration plant according to the invention has the advantage that the inflow of controlled combustion air into the combustion chamber is prevented, whereby the incineration of waste can take place more efficiently and the plant requires less maintenance.

[0040] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to some embodiments illustrated in the figures. Where alternative embodiments differ only in individual features, the same reference numerals have been used for the same features. They show purely schematically:

[0041] Fig . 1 is a perspective view of a

[0042] combustion chamber of an incineration plant;

[0043] Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a

[0044] Combustion grate with a

[0045] Grate track limitation element;

[0046] Fig . 3 a perspective view of the

[0047] Grate track limiting element of Figure 2; Fig. 4 is an exploded view of the grate track limiting element of Figure 3;

[0048] Fig. 5 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a duct cover;

[0049] Fig. 6 is a bottom view of an embodiment of a

[0050] cover element;

[0051] Fig. 7 is a bottom view of an embodiment of a

[0052] closing element;

[0053] Fig . 8 is a perspective view of a

[0054] combustion grate with a grate track limiting element;

[0055] Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section through the combustion grate of Figure 8;

[0056] Fig . 10 a perspective view of the

[0057] Grate track limiting element of Figure 8;

[0058] Fig. 11 is an exploded view of the grate track limiting element of Fig. 10;

[0059] Fig. 12 is a detailed view of a sealing element attached to the side of the wall of the channel element;

[0060] The combustion chamber 1 shown in Figure 1 of a

[0061] The combustion plant comprises a side wall 3 and a combustion grate 5 comprising an air-cooled grate track 7 and a water-cooled grate track 9. Furthermore, the combustion grate 5 comprises two grate track delimiting elements 11, 13.

[0062] Figure 2 shows the combustion grate 5 comprising the air-cooled grate track 7, the water-cooled grate track 9 and the grate track limiting element 11 arranged between the two grate tracks.

[0063] Figure 3 shows the grate track boundary element 11 comprising a channel element 15, a channel cover 17 and a sealing element 19.

[0064] Figure 4 shows the grate track delimitation element 11 with the raised channel cover 17. The channel cover 17 consists of two cover elements 21, 23 and a closing element 25. The channel element 15 comprises a groove 27 extending in the longitudinal direction of the channel element 15 and having incisions 29.

[0065] Figure 5 shows a detailed view of the channel cover 17 comprising the cover elements 21, 23 and the closing element 25. The cover elements 21, 23 comprise retaining elements 31, 32 which are located on the side of the cover elements 21, 23 facing the channel element 15. On the side facing away from the channel element 15, the cover elements 21, 23 have support surfaces 33, 35 on which the firing material rests. In this embodiment, the support surfaces 33, 35 are designed in the shape of a mansard gable roof with rounded edges. Furthermore, the cover elements 21, 23 have engagement elements 37, 39 which are designed here as recesses. The engagement elements 37, 39 are oriented in the direction of the closing element 25. Below the engagement elements 37, 39, the cover elements 21, 23 each have a recess 41, 43 (wherein the recess 43 is not visible in the cover element 23 in this figure).The recess 41 serves to accommodate a locking device (as described later). Figure 5 further shows a closure element 25 with a support surface 45 and two engagement elements 47, 49, which are designed as projections. Furthermore, the closure element 25 comprises a locking device 51, which is designed as a clamp.

[0066] Figure 6 shows a bottom view of the cover elements 21, 23 comprising the retaining elements 31, 32, the recesses 41, 43 and the engaging element 39 (the engaging element 37 is not visible).

[0067] Figure 7 shows a bottom view of the end element 25 with the engagement element 47 and the locking device 49.

[0068] Figure 8 shows a detailed view of the combustion plant comprising the side wall 3, the combustion grate 5 with the air-cooled grate track 7 and the grate track limiting element 13 arranged between the side wall 3 and the grate track 7.

[0069] Figure 9 shows a longitudinal section through the combustion plant of Figure 8 with the side wall 3, the combustion grate 5, the air-cooled grate track 7 and the grate track limiting element 13 arranged between the side wall 3 and the grate track 7.

[0070] Figure 10 shows a detailed view of the grate track boundary element 13 comprising the channel element 15 with the sealing element 19 attached to the side thereof and the channel cover 17 comprising the cover elements 21, 23 and the end element 25.

[0071] Figure 11 shows a detailed view of the duct cover 17 with the cover elements 21, 23 and the end element 25. The support surfaces 33, 35 of the cover elements 21, 23 are designed in the shape of a pent roof with rounded edges. The cover elements 21, 23 have the retaining elements 31, 32 on the side facing the duct element 15. Furthermore, the cover elements 21, 23 comprise the engagement elements 37, 39 on the side facing the end element 25, which are designed as recesses here. In addition, the cover elements 21, 23 further comprise the recesses 41, 43 (the recess 41 is not visible) for receiving the locking device 49. Figure 11 further shows the end element 25 with the locking device 49, which is designed here as a plate with bolts.

[0072] Figure 12 shows a detailed view of the transition from the grate path delimitation element 13 to the combustion grate 5. The channel element 15 comprises sealing elements 19 attached to the side of the channel element 15. The sealing elements 19 are attached above a row of movable grate blocks 51, which move back and forth on sliding surfaces 53 of immobile grate blocks 55. The sealing element 19 closes a gap (not shown) created when the combustion grate 5 contracts, through which primary air could enter the combustion chamber in an uncontrolled manner.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Grate track limiting element (11, 13) for a Combustion grate (5) for incinerating waste comprising: a channel element (15) and a channel cover (17) for covering the channel element (15) comprising at least one cover element (21, 23) and a closure element (25) with a locking device (49); wherein the closure element (25) has a channel element (15) supporting surface (45) and a first support surface (45) directed towards the cover element (21, 23) engaging element (47, 49); wherein the cover element (21, 23) has a support surface (33, 35) pointing away from the channel element (15), a retaining element (31, 32) directed towards the channel element (15), a second engaging element (37, 39) directed towards the closing element (25) and designed to receive the first engaging element (47, 49), and a recess (41, 43) directed towards the closing element (25) for receiving the locking device (49) of the closure element (25); wherein the locking device (49) is designed such that it releasably locks the closure element (25) in the channel element (15). Grate path delimiting element according to claim 1, characterized in that the channel cover (17) comprises a second cover element (21, 23), which is preferably designed identically to the first cover element (21, 23). Grate path delimiting element according to claim 1, characterized in that the first engagement element (47, 49) is designed as a projection and the second engagement element (37, 39) is designed as a recess. Grate track delimitation element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the channel element (15) comprises an opening (27) directed towards the channel cover (17) for receiving the retaining element (31, 32) of the cover element (21, 23), wherein the opening (27) is designed as a groove (28) with incisions (29) and wherein the groove (28) is narrower than the width of the retaining element (31, 32) and the incisions (29) are wider than the width of the retaining element (31, 32) of the cover element (21, 23).Grate track limitation element according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the channel element (15) has a cooling fluid channel with a. Cooling fluid inlet opening and a cooling fluid outlet opening. Grate path limiting element according to claim 5, characterized in that the channel cover (17) aligned opening (27) of the channel element (15) extends into the fluid channel. Grate path delimiting element according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the grate path delimiting element (11, 13) comprises a sealing element (19) attached laterally to the wall of the channel element (15). Grate path delimiting element according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the support surface (33, 35, 45) of the Cover element (21, 23) and the closing element (25) is designed in the shape of a gable roof or a mansard roof, preferably with rounded edges. Grate track delimiting element according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the locking device (49) is designed as a clamp, wherein the clamp is preferably arranged between the support surface (45) of the closing element (25) and the channel element (15). Grate track delimiting element according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the support surface (33, 35, 45) of the Cover element (21, 23) and the closing element (25) is formed in the shape of a pent roof. Grate track limiting element according to one of claims 1 to 7 and 10, characterized in that the locking device (49) comprises a plate and a Plate in the end element (25) fixing bolt. Combustion grate (5) comprising at least two grate tracks (7, 9) and a grate track limiting element (11) arranged between the grate tracks (7, 9) according to one of claims 1 to 9. Combustion grate (5) comprising at least one grate track (7) and a grate arranged between the grate track (7) and a side wall (3) of a combustion chamber of an incineration plant Grate path delimiting element (13) according to one of claims 1 to 7, 10 and 11. Incineration plant for the thermal treatment of waste comprising one or more combustion grates (e) (5) according to one of claims 12 and / or 13.