Method and system for restricting operation of at least one automated mining vehicle

Abstract

The present invention relates to a safety system for restricting operation of at least one automated mining vehicle (113, 123) to a safety zone forming part of a work area comprising one or more safety zones (S1, S2; S1';S1'',S2'',S3'',S4'') defined by barrier sensors at respective entrances and / or exits of the one or more safety zones (S1, S2; S1';S1'',S2'',S3'',S4''). The safety system comprises a main control unit (160) controlling operation of the one or more safety zones (S1, S2; S1';S1'',S2'',S3'',S4'') based on barrier sensor signals. The main control unit (160)stores a plurality of safety zone configurations (200, 400, 500), and comprises an interface configured to enable a switch from one safety zone configuration to another, such that a safety zone configuration to be used for automated operation within the work area is selectable via the interface. Only a predetermined plurality of predefined settings are selectable when switching from a first safety zone configuration to a second safety zone configuration. A switch of safety zone configuration causes the main control unit (160) of the safety system to control operation according to the selected setting.

Description

Field of the invention The present invention relates to mining, and, more specifically, to a method and 5     system for restricting operation of at least one automated mining vehicle. The invention also relates to a computer program implementing the method according to the invention. Background of the invention With regard to mining and tunnelling there is a constant ongoing process of improving . 0     e.g. efficiency, productivity and safety. Examples of changes / improvements that are carried out to an increasing extent is the automation of vehicles (machines). It is, for example, often desirable that at least part of the machines that are used in mining / tunnelling can be driven in a fully autonomous mode, i.e. without an operator being required to influence the steering. There may also be machines that are _ 5     remotely controlled by an operator being located at a distance from the machine being remote controlled. It is in general the case that mining environments are dark and inaccessible, and it may be therefore difficult to detect whether personnel on foot and / or manually operated vehicles are present among the unmanned vehicles. Such presence 20     impose safety risks, in particular accidents may occur. In order to increase safety in mining, therefore, machines that are remotely operated or operated in an autonomous mode are, in general, restricted to be used within certain safety zones forming part of the general mining work area. In this way the autonomous machines may be confined to dedicated parts of a work area that are 25     free from other vehicles and personnel, to thereby avoid exposing operators to possibly hazardous environments mixing unmanned vehicles with simultaneous presence of operators. It is therefore also important that such areas (safety zones) in which vehicles are operated by remote control or autonomously, are separated and secured from areas 30     where manual activities are in progress. 2021341474  31 Jul 2025 Entrance and exit to / from a safety zone are monitored by barrier sensors forming part of barriers that are used at the entrances and exits of the safety zones. The safety system may be configured such that each safety zone is associated with barriers (and associated barrier sensors) arranged at all entrances to the respective safety 5     zone. The preceding discussion of the background art is intended to facilitate an understanding of the present invention only. The discussion is not an acknowledgement or admission that any of the material referred to is or was part of the common general knowledge as at the priority date of the application. . 0    Summary of the invention It is an object of the invention to provide a method and system that may increase safety in a mine where unmanned vehicles are operating. In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a safety system that may be adapted to changing needs with regard to safety zones for unmanned operation, while still preserving safety . 5     when a change is performed and following the change. According to the invention, it is provided a safety system for restricting operation of at least one automated mining vehicle to a safety zone forming part of a work area, where the work area comprises one or more safety zones defined by barrier sensors at respective entrances and / or exits of the one or more safety zones. Sensor signals 2 0     of a barrier sensor are communicated by sensor communication circuitry, and the safety system comprising a main control unit controlling operation of the one or more safety zones, based on barrier sensor signals received from the sensor communication circuitry. According to an embodiment of the invention, a safety system is provided for 25     restricting operation of at least one automated mining vehicle to a safety zone forming part of a work area comprising a plurality of safety zones defined by barrier sensors at respective entrances and / or exits of the plurality of safety zones, sensor signals of the barrier sensors being communicated by sensor communication circuitry, and the safety system comprising a main control unit configured to control 30     operation of the plurality of safety zones, based on barrier sensor signals received from the sensor communication circuitry, characterized in: 2021341474  31 Jul 2025 that the main control unit is configured to store a plurality of predetermined safety zone configurations that are designed for the work area for which the safety system is set up and that are predetermined prior to taking the safety system into use, and 5                  that the main control unit comprises an interface configured to enable a switch from one safety zone configuration to another, such that a predetermined safety zone configuration to be used for automated operation of mining vehicles within the work area is selectable via the interface, wherein a plurality of different predetermined safety zone configurations are selectable, . 0                   wherein only a predetermined plurality of predefined settings are selectable through the interface when switching from a first safety zone configuration to a second safety zone configuration, and wherein a switch from a first safety zone configuration to a second, safety zone configuration, causes the main control unit of the safety system to control . 5     operation of the plurality of safety zones according to the selected setting The main control unit is configured to store a plurality of safety zone configurations, and the main control unit comprises an interface configured to enable a switch from one safety zone configuration to another, such that a safety zone configuration to be used for automated operation of mining vehicles within the work area is selectable via 2 0     the interface, and wherein a plurality of different safety zone configurations are selectable through the interface. Only a predetermined plurality of predefined settings are selectable through the interface when switching from a first safety zone configuration to a second safety zone configuration, and a switch from a first safety zone configuration to a second, 25     safety zone configuration causes the main control unit of the safety system to control operation of the one or more safety zones according to the selected safety zone setting. The work area may form part of an underground mine, and the automated mining vehicle may be an automated underground mining vehicle. The automated mining 2021341474  31 Jul 2025 vehicle may further be automated e.g. by remote control or configured for autonomous operation. As was mentioned above, mining environments may be dark and inaccessible. In addition, mining machines are oftentimes large, and available room for 5     manoeuvrability in relation to e.g. rock walls may be limited. It is therefore undesirable to have unmanned vehicles and manually operated vehicles, and / or persons on foot, being simultaneously present at a same location since undesired accidents may then occur. Situations of this kind may be avoided through the use of safety systems where use . 0     of unmanned vehicles is confined to one or more closed-off areas to thereby prevent or at least reduce the occurrence of possibly dangerous situations. The safety system may be configured such that the one or more closed-off areas may comprise different portions of the work area, where the safety system control entrance to and / or exit from the one or more safety zones to ensure that only . 5     unmanned vehicles are present in the safety zones when the unmanned vehicles are in operation. As mining progress, however, there may arise needs for different safety zone configurations, i.e. a change in the number of safety zones, and / or a change of the geographical extension of one or more safety zones. Such alterations, however, may unintentionally impose safety issues, in particular vulnerabilities that may expose 2 0     mining personnel to risk. According to an embodiment of the invention, a method is provided for restricting operation of at least one automated mining vehicle to a safety zone forming part of a work area comprising a plurality of safety zones defined by barrier sensors at respective entrances and / or exits of the plurality of safety zones, wherein sensor 25     signals of the barrier sensors being communicated by sensor communication circuitry and the safety system comprising a main control unit controlling operation of the plurality of safety zones based on the barrier sensor signals received from the sensor communication circuitry, characterized in the method comprising: by means of an interface of the safety system, receiving a request for a 30     switch of a predetermined safety zone configuration to be used for automated operation of mining vehicles within the work area, the main control unit is configured 2021341474  31 Jul 2025 to store a plurality of predetermined safety zone configurations, that are designed for the work area for which the safety system is set up and that are predetermined prior to taking the safety system into use, wherein a plurality of different predetermined safety zone configurations are selectable, and wherein only a predetermined plurality 5     of predefined setting are selectable through the interface when requesting the switch from a first safety zone configuration to a second safety zone configuration, switching from the first safety zone configuration to the second safety zone configuration, and when switching from the first safety zone configuration to the second . 0     safety zone configuration, setting the main control unit to control the safety system to control operation of the plurality of safety zones according to the selected setting. According to the invention, it is provided a safety system and method that may reduce the risk of unintentionally subjecting mining personnel to risk. This is accomplished by the main control unit being configured to store a plurality of . 5     safety zone configurations, and the main control unit comprises an interface configured to enable a switch from one safety zone configuration to another, such that the safety zone configuration to be used for automated operation of mining vehicles within the work area is selectable via the interface, and wherein a plurality of different safety zone configurations are selectable through the interface. 20     Hence only the predetermined plurality of predefined settings, such as selections of predetermined safety zone configurations, are selectable through the interface when switching from a first safety zone configuration to a second safety zone configuration, and a switch from a first safety zone configuration to a second safety zone configuration causes the main control unit of the safety system to control operation of 25     the one or more safety zones according to the selected setting. Furthermore, since only a predetermined set of safety zone configurations are selectable this simultaneously means that any other non-predetermined safety zone configurations are prohibited. The selectable predetermined set of safety zone configurations is determined before the safety system is taken into operation, where 30     the determination of allowable configurations may be performed by safety system 2021341474  31 Jul 2025 experts or other persons that are capable of accurately determining the safety zones configurations that may be utilised in the work area while still maintaining safety. In principle, the configuration of the safety system can be seen as being regulated by a pre-defined ”rule book”, constituting a database of valid configurations, where there 5     may be a number of different predefined safety zone configurations. The rules, i.e. valid configurations, may then be based on operational risk assessment as the automated work area is first setup, where various alternatives may be thoroughly evaluated before being added as a selectable configuration. During the risk assessment, a plurality of barrier sensor positions of the work area . 0     may be established, where the barrier sensor positions define possible entry / exit positions of safety zones. The safety system configurations are then confined to use of these barrier sensor positions. A plurality of safety zone configurations are determined during the risk assessment, where hence entrances and / or exits of safety zones of the safety zone configurations . 5     utilise said established plurality of barrier sensor positions, and the plurality of safety zone configurations that will be possible to use in the safety system are selected based on a risk assessment. The safety system is then controlled such that, in operation, only the predetermined plurality of different safety zone configurations that have been approved during risk assessment are selectable. 20     Furthermore, according to embodiments of the invention, not all predetermined safety system configurations may be available for selection for a particular currently set / active safety zone configuration. That is, a particular safety zone configuration may be available for selection only when switching from a particular currently set / active safety zone configuration. 25     This hence prevents an operator from creating safety zones that, because of e.g. inexperience, may give rise to an increased risk. Also, it may be prevented that safety zones are configured in a manner where e.g. the main control unit is not set to control the safety zones based on signals from barrier sensors that in reality are needed in the control to provide the desired safety. The safety system will hence not accept any 30     other configurations than the configurations that are predefined and prestored. 2021341474  31 Jul 2025 This also allows that when switching from one safety zone configuration to another, only safety zones, and possible other areas of the work zone, that are actually affected by the switch need to be involved by the switch. In case there are nonaffected safety zones, i.e. safety zones that will remain the same in the new 5     configuration, operation may be arranged to continue in such safety zones while the switch is ongoing. In current safety systems, machines have to be stopped and all zones be disarmed whenever a new configuration is to be made, possibly giving rise to hazardous situations as described above. The invention hence allows for a more dynamic safety system allowing a switch of . 0     configurations without unnecessarily stopping machines and disarming zones, while still maintain safety. According to embodiments of the invention, different safety zone configurations utilise at least partly different sets of a predefined plurality of barrier sensors of the work area as entrances and / or exits of the one or more safety zones. There may hence be . 5     a predefined plurality of barrier sensors provided in the work area, where only the provided set of barrier sensors may be utilised for the different safety zone configurations. Thereby there may be barrier sensors arranged in the mine, which may or may not be used in a particular safety zone configuration. Still only the predetermined plurality may be utilised in the safety zone configurations, i.e. no ’ 0     additions of barrier sensors may be performed since such sensors would not form part of the predefined safety zone configurations. According to embodiments of the invention, the predefined plurality of safety zone configurations may utilise all, or a selection of, the predefined set of barrier sensors, located at defined locations of the work area, each safety zone configuration utilising 25     barrier sensors of the predefined set of barrier sensors in a manner such that the safety zone configurations represent a different number of, and / or different geographical extension of, safety zones. According to embodiments of the invention, the influence of a particular barrier sensor of the work area, when the main control unit control operation of the safety 30     zones, will depend on whether or not the particular barrier sensor is located at a position used as an entrance and / or exit of a safety zone according to the selected 2021341474  31 Jul 2025 safety zone configuration. A particular barrier sensor may hence have an impact only if it is utilised by the selected safety zone configuration, where sensor signals of the particular barrier sensor may be disregarded by the main control unit in case the barrier sensor does not form part of the current safety zone configuration. 5     According to embodiments of the invention, the signals representing a state of a barrier sensor indicate whether or not a presence is detected by the barrier sensor, i.e. whether or not the barrier sensors detect presence of an object such as a vehicle at a particular barrier sensor. According to embodiments of the invention, the barrier sensors are configured to . 0     detect of presence of an object such as a vehicle by a light and / or other beam being obstructed. That is when the barrier sensor detects an obstruction of a light (or other) beam, signals indicating presence of an object may be transmitted to the main control unit. Instead or in addition to a light (or other) beam being monitored, e.g. a cable connection may be monitored and signals indicating presence may be transmitted . 5     when the connection is disconnected. Any other type of electrical circuit may also be monitored, where e.g. signals representing presence may be transmitted when the electrical circuit is broken. The barrier sensor signals may also represent e.g. a gate being opened. Any other suitable means for detecting presence using barrier sensors may also be utilised. 2 0     According to embodiments of the invention, the safety system, upon receiving a request for a switch of safety zone configuration through the interface, is configured to prompt actions to be taken and acknowledged by an operator in order to ensure proper detection of objects at the barrier sensors of a safety zone, so that compliance with the selected configuration is obtained. For example, when switching from a first 25     safety zone configuration to a second safety zone configuration, there will be a change in the barrier sensors being utilised in the current safety zone configuration in relation to the selected safety zone configuration. This, in turn, means that there may be barriers that need to be armed when a new safety zone is added or the geographical extent of a safety zone in use is changed. A 30     barrier may be armed e.g. by taking an action such as suitable manoeuvring of buttons or breakers or the like at the location of a barrier, and possibly also taking 2021341474  31 Jul 2025 actions e.g. with regard to setting physical barriers in position. The arming of a barrier may also include ensuring that there is no presence of manually operated vehicles, or other personnel in the safety zone being taken into use. Similarly, there may be barriers that needs to be disarmed by taking similar (albeit opposite) actions. 5     The safety system may prompt the actions that need to be taken in order to take the new safety zone configuration into use, and the operator requesting the switch may need to acknowledge each action that is to be taken to ensure conformity with the stored safety system configuration being taken into use. According to embodiments of the invention a vehicle, when being taken into, or out . 0     from, use in a particular safety zone, is checked-in to, or checked-out from, the safety system such that the main control unit is aware of the current presence of vehicles in the safety zones, to thereby be able to correctly stop the particular one or more vehicles being present in a safety zone in case of a detected unauthorised presence. The safety system may be configured to, when checking-in or checking out a vehicle, . 5     comprise signal receiving means for receiving an identity of the vehicle, e.g. through RFID or other wireless communication. This allows facilitated, and e.g. automatic check-in and check-out of vehicles. Signals being received by the receiving means may e.g. be communicated by barrier sensor circuitry or other suitable means to the main control unit. 2 0      Each entrance and / or exit, i.e. barrier, may be provided with at least a first and a second barrier sensor for detecting presence of an object, the first and second barrier sensors being located at a distance from each other, so as to, by successively detecting an object by one of the first and second barrier sensors followed by detecting an object by the other of the first and the second barrier sensors, determine 25     a direction of motion of the object. In this way, a vehicle may be automatically checked-in to, or checked-out from, a safety zone by detection of an identity of the machine, and by successive detection of presence by one of the at least a first and a second barrier sensor followed by detection of presence by the other of the at least a first and a second barrier sensor. 2021341474  31 Jul 2025 According to embodiments of the invention, the system is configured to, when unauthorised presence of an object at an entrance and / or exit of a safety zone is detected by a barrier sensor delivering signals indicating that an entry / exit of a safety zone is crossed, transmit a stop command to vehicles being present in the safety 5     zone, so as to stop operation of vehicles being present in the safety zone to thereby reduce the risk for dangerous situations occurring. All vehicles associated with that area are stopped for safety reasons. Still, only vehicles of a safety zone being affected by the unauthorised presence needs to be stopped. Vehicle in other safety zones may continue operation unaffected. . 0     The vehicles may be stopped by a vehicle module being fitted in the vehicle, where the vehicle module stop operation of the vehicle upon request from the main control unit. The vehicle module may be retrofitted and e.g. be arranged to stop fuel supply and / or apply brakes to stop the vehicle. Since the vehicle module may be retrofitted, this may be attached to any vehicle that is to be set up for unmanned operation. . 5     Hence the vehicle itself need not be specially designed for the safety system. A barrier sensor may be shared by two safety zones, thereby being used as entry / exit between the two safety zones. In case such a sensor detects unauthorised presence, vehicles of both affected safety zones may be stopped. It will be appreciated that the embodiments described in relation to the system aspect 2 0     of the present invention are all applicable also for the method aspect of the present invention. That is, the method may be configured to perform the method as defined in any of the above described embodiments. Further, the method may be a computer implemented method. The method may further comprise, prior to the main control unit activating and 25     controlling operation of the one or more safety zones according to the selected safety zone configuration, determine whether the signals representing the states of the barrier sensors indicate that the barrier sensors as set according to the selected safety zone configuration and activating operation of the one or more safety zones according to the selected safety zone configuration only when the indicated states of 30     the barrier sensors comply with the selected safety zone configuration. 2021341474  31 Jul 2025 Further characteristics of the present invention and advantages thereof are indicated in the detailed description of exemplary embodiments set out below and the attached drawings. Brief description of the drawings 5     Further features of the present invention are more fully described in the following description of several non-limiting embodiments thereof. This description is included solely for the purposes of exemplifying the present invention. It should not be understood as a restriction on the broad summary, disclosure or description of the invention as set out herein. The description will be made with reference to the . 0     accompanying drawings in which: Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a work area comprising a safety system according to embodiments of the invention; Fig. 2 schematically illustrates a first exemplary safety zone configuration of the work are in fig. 1; _ 5     Fig. 3 schematically illustrates an exemplary method according to embodiments of the invention; Fig. 4 schematically illustrates a second exemplary safety zone configuration of the work area of fig. 1; Fig. 5 schematically illustrates a further exemplary safety zone configuration of the 20     work area of fig. 1; Detailed description of exemplary embodiments Embodiments of the present invention will be exemplified in the following in view of a particular example of a safety system layout for a particular exemplary work area. The example is completely exemplary and non-limiting. 25     Fig. 1 schematically shows a work area 100 forming part of an exemplary underground mine utilising a safety system according to embodiments of the invention. The work area 100 comprises various drifts, or tunnels, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, in which mining is carried out, and in which different kinds of mining vehicles may be operating. These mining vehicles may, for example, include drill rigs, LHD 2021341474  31 Jul 2025 (load-haul-dump) machines, and / or various other kinds of vehicles. The vehicles may be manually operated or automated by remote control or autonomous operation. As was mentioned above, the safety system is used to control operation of, in particular, unmanned vehicles such as autonomous vehicles. This is accomplished 5     by the use of safety zones, so that a vehicle, while in unmanned operation, can be confined to a particular safety zone where other vehicles such as operator driven vehicles and / operators or other personnel being present on foot are not present. The safety zones may hence be used to avoid unintentional simultaneous presence of unmanned vehicles and operator driven vehicles or personnel on foot at a particular . 0     location at the same point in time. According to the example of fig. 1, the safety system comprises a plurality of barriers 111, 112, 121, 122, 131, 132, 141, 142, 151, 152 through the use of which the work area 100 of fig. 1 may be divided into various different safety zone configurations as will be discussed in the following. It is to be understood that the boxes that represent . 5     barriers in the drawings are drawn for illustration purposes only. In reality the barriers does not permanently block the middle of a tunnel as it appears in the figures. Instead, barrier sensors (discussed further below) may be arranged along the rock walls so as to allow free passage through the barrier in case the barrier currently does not form part of an active safety zone configuration. The barriers may be of ’ 0     various different designs, and may also comprise physical obstructions such as bars that may automatically and / or manually be put in place when a barrier is armed for active use in a safety zone configuration. As was mentioned above, the invention provides for a switch between safety zone configurations while maintaining safety by only allowing switch between predetermined, and thereby thoroughly evaluated from 25     a safety point of view, configurations. The various safety zone configurations may use different sets of the barriers of the work area. There may hence be a predefined plurality of barrier sensors provided in the work area, where only the provided set of barrier sensors may be utilised for the different safety zone configurations. As will be shown e.g. with reference to fig. 2, there may be barrier sensors arranged in the 30     mine, which may not be used in a particular safety zone configuration. Still only the predetermined plurality may be utilised for any of the safety zone configurations, i.e. 2021341474  31 Jul 2025 no additions of barrier sensors may be performed since such sensors would not form part of the predefined safety zone configurations. The predefined plurality of safety zone configurations may hence utilise all, or only a selection of, the predefined set of barrier sensors. 5     Fig. 2 illustrates a first example of a safety zone configuration 200, where the safety system is currently configured such that a first safety zone S1 and a second safety zone S2 has been defined in the work area of Fig. 2, where safety zone S1 forms part of tunnel 110, and where safety zone S2 forms part of tunnel 120. It is to be understood that the tunnels 110, 120, as well as the tunnels 130, 140, 150 extend . 0     beyond the barriers shown in the figure. In general, according to embodiments of the invention, n safety zones S1-Sn may be defined within the work area 100, e.g. in dependence of the size and / or layout of the work area, where n is an arbitrary number. This, however, as has been explained above, and which will be further explained below, is also subject to the restrictions that is set up for the work area in . 5     regard of allowed safety zone configurations. Fig. 2 hence represents one example of a possible safety zone configuration, or layout, of the work area 100, and according to which safety zone configuration the safety system is presently set to control operation in the mine. Furthermore, according to the example of fig. 2, vehicles 113, 123 are illustrated as ’ 0     being present in the work area. In particular according to the enclosed example, an autonomously operating underground mining vehicle 113 is illustrated as being in operation in tunnel / drift 110, and a further autonomously operating underground mining vehicle 123 is illustrated as being in operation in tunnel / drift 120. As discussed, the safety zones are defined by one or more barriers, forming 25     entrances and / or exits to / from the area that is set to form a particular safety zone, such as safety zones S1, S2. The safety system monitors passage through the barriers, and take appropriate action in case of detected presence of an object. Each safety zone may be associated with only one, or two or more barriers. The safety zones S1, S2 in fig. 2 are each being associated with two barriers, 111-112 and 12130     122, respectively. The barriers 111-112, 121-122 may comprise physical features that allow easy identification, and location of, the barriers 111-112, 121-122 in the 2021341474  31 Jul 2025 work area, e.g. by mining personnel. The barriers are, however, represented by barrier sensors in terms of functionality. According to the present example, each barrier comprises at least two barrier sensors, forming outer barrier portion and inner barrier portion sensors, located at a distance from each other, 111a, 111b; 112a, 5     112b; 121a, 121b, and 122a, 122b, respectively, which are used to actually detect presence of an object at the barriers 111-112, 121-122. The barriers may have a physical extension in length being such that a mining vehicle may fit between the outer and inner barrier sensors of a barrier. The safety system further comprises barrier sensor circuitry 111c, 112c, 121c, 122c . 0     (the barrier control units are also illustrated for the barrier sensors in the figure that are not used in the particular safety zone configuration of fig. 2), according to the present example in the form of barrier control units, that communicates sensor signals of the barrier sensors to a main control unit 160 which may be located at any suitable location, and preferably outside any area that is, or that is contemplated for . 5     forming part of a safety zone. The main control unit 160 may be located in the vicinity of the part or parts of the work area contemplated for unmanned operation to facilitate communication between the main control unit 160 and the various barrier sensors. The main control unit 160 controls operation of the safety system, and hence in particular operation of the active safety zones based on the sensor signals. ’ 0     The safety system further comprises an interface such as a display and / or other input / output means, that allow communication with the main control unit, and which may be arranged e.g. in a joint cabinet with the main control unit. The interface may also be accessible from a control centre for control of unmanned vehicle operation or similar, e.g., at a location of the main control unit or remote from the main control 25     unit. The main control unit may also be located in such a control centre. The barrier control units 111c, 112c, 121c, 122c may be suitably arranged in control cabinets comprising suitable manual manoeuvring devices or knobs for manual activation and deactivation of the inner and outer barrier portions, and hence the operation of the barrier sensors. According to embodiments of the invention, the 30     barrier sensors are activated and deactivated remotely, e.g. by the main control unit 160. 2021341474  31 Jul 2025 The barrier control units may communicate with the main control unit 160 through suitable wired or wireless communication means. There may be a plurality of barrier sensors for each inner and outer barrier portion, and a particular barrier sensor circuitry may be designed to control the one or more barrier sensors of an inner or 5     outer barrier portion only, or e.g. all barrier sensors of a barrier as in the illustrated example. The above applies similarly to the various illustrated barrier sensors and barrier sensor circuitry of the other barriers that are illustrated in fig. 2. Each barrier sensor is hence arranged in connection with / and or constitutes and control an outer barrier portion or an inner barrier portion. The inner portion of the . 0     barrier may be the end facing inwards towards a safety zone, where, similarly, the outer portion of the barrier may be the end facing away from the safety zone. It is to be understood that in dependence of the configuration of safety zones in a work area, a change of the safety zone configuration may have the result that the inwards facing barrier portion may instead become an outwards facing barrier portion, and . 5     vice versa. Two safety zones may also share a barrier, so that an inwards facing barrier portion of one of the safety zones is the outwards facing barrier portion of the other safety zone, and vice versa. Furthermore, the outer barrier portion and the inner barrier portion may suitably consist of light gates, where presence is detected when one or more light beams being monitored by a barrier sensor are obstructed. ’ 0     The barrier sensors hence detect presence of an object such as a vehicle at a particular barrier, where the signals that the barrier sensor delivers indicate whether or not a presence is detected by the barrier sensor. According to the present example, the barrier signals also indicate whether there is a presence at an inner or outer barrier portion, and in addition, or as an alternative, to a presence of an object 25     such as a vehicle or person being detected by a light being obstructed, the barrier sensor may e.g. be designed to detect any other visible or non-visible beam of a suitable kind. The barrier sensors may also be designed to detect e.g. whether a cable connection is disconnected e.g. by a gate being opened, and / or any other suitable means for 30     detecting presence, such as an electrical circuit being broken. Although the barriers may comprise physical obstacles, such as gates, there are still sensors that detect if 2021341474  31 Jul 2025 the barriers are breached by such physical obstacles being opened or run down by a vehicle. Either or both of the inner and outer barrier portion may comprise such physical obstacles and corresponding sensors. The main control unit 160 may also determine whether a detected presence is detected by an inner or an outer portion 5     barrier sensor. When the inner barrier portion and the outer barrier portion are arranged such that a mining vehicle can fit between them, this allows, for example, determination of whether a vehicle has completely passed one of the inner and outer barriers portions, before the vehicle passes the other of the inner and outer barriers portions, so that a direction of motion of a vehicle (in terms of entering or leaving a . 0     safety zone) can be determined, and whether a vehicle actually enters or leaves a safety zone. The safety zones S1 and S2 may each have a primary entrance, where check in and check out of a mining vehicle to the respective safety zone S1, S2 may be restricted to the primary entrance. According to embodiments of the invention, a safety zone . 5     may have two or more entrances / exits where check in of a vehicle may be allowed from each of the entrances / exits, or, alternatively, check in of a vehicle may only be allowed from a primary entrance / exit where other entrances / exits may e.g. be used by personnel only. For example, with regard to fig. 1 the barriers 112, 122, 132, 142 may be used as primary entrances / exits, whereas the barriers 111, 121, 131,141 ’ 0     may be used as secondary entrances / exits, e.g. only allowing entrance / exits by persons, or emergency exit. The barrier control units may be arranged outside the outer barrier controlled by the barrier control unit, respectively, so as to, for example, allow activation of the safety zone from outside the safety zone. In case there are secondary entrances / exits the 25     barrier control units may be arranged on the inside of the barrier in case the particular safety zone will only be used in a way where the secondary entrance / exit is armed from the inside followed by an operator passing through the safety zone in order to activate the primary barrier from outside the safety zone. A safety zone S1, S2 is activated when all inner barriers portions and outer barrier 30     portions are activated and all entrances / exits to the one or more safety zones are secured e.g. in case physical means are used to block the barrier. With regard to the 2021341474  31 Jul 2025 example of fig. 2 this means that barriers 111, 112, 121, 122 would be armed in order to allow operation according to the illustrated safety zone configuration where safety zones S1 and S2 are utilized. According to embodiments of the invention, the barriers may be armed from a 5     distance, e.g. through the interface that is used for communication with the main control unit 160. When the safety system is armed, i.e. the main control unit 160 is actively monitoring the safety zones S1, S2, in particular the signals delivered by the barrier sensors 111a, 111b, 112a, 112b, 121a, 121b, 122a, 122b. . 0     If an object, such as a person or a vehicle crosses an inner or outer barrier portion in one of the safety zones S1, S2, one or more of the barrier sensors 111a, 111b, 112a, 112b, 121a, 121b, 122a, 122b will detect this presence and communicate the detected presence to the main control unit 160, through the barrier control units 111c, 112c, 121c, 122c, where, as mentioned, a single barrier control unit may be . 5     responsible for all sensors of a barrier, which is the case in the present example, or where e.g. separate barrier control units may be utilised for the inner and outer barrier portions. The main control unit 160, upon reception of the signals indicating the detected presence, will deactivate operation in the safety zone for which presence is detected. 20     This may be carried out by the main control unit 160 being arranged to immediately affect the operation of all the mining vehicles that currently are present in the safety zone for which presence is detected. In case the presence is detected for a barrier that separates two safety areas, the main control unit may be arranged to immediately affect the operation of all the mining vehicles being present in any of the 25     two safety areas. According to the example of fig. 2, in case presence is detected by barrier 111 or 112, the mining vehicle 113 in the safety zone S1 to be deactivated is preferably set in a safe state, which for example may mean that the mining vehicle 113 is stopped or turned off. The main control unit 160 may communicate with vehicle control units of the one or more mining vehicles that are checked-in in the 30     current safety zone S1, S2, where the vehicle control units may execute the stopping of the vehicle. The vehicle control unit may form part of the safety system and be 2021341474  31 Jul 2025 retrofitted to the vehicles that are to operate unmanned in safety zones, and execute stopping of the vehicle on request. According to embodiments of the invention, a vehicle, when being taken into or out from use in a safety zone such as safety zone S1, S2, is checked-in to or checked-5     out from the safety zone such that the main control unit 160 is aware of the current presence of vehicles in the safety zones, to thereby be able to correctly stop the particular one or more vehicles being present in a safety zone in case of a detected unauthorised presence. The barriers may comprise means for manual checking-in and checking out of . 0     vehicles, e.g. through a suitable interface, where e.g. a vehicle identity may be manually entered, or determined from RFID or other wireless communication, where the vehicle identity may be an identity of the vehicle module. RFID or other wireless communication may also allow automatic check-in and check-out of vehicles, where signals being received at a barrier may be communicated by barrier sensor circuitry . 5     or other suitable means to the main control unit. In combination with sensor signals from the inner and outer barrier portion sensors a direction of motion of the vehicle can be determined, so that a vehicle is accurately checked-in or checked-out to / from a safety zone. As discussed, the invention increases safety by only allowing use of predetermined 2 0     safety zone configurations, and fig. 3 schematically illustrates a method for switching from a first predetermined safety system configuration to a second predetermined safety system configuration. In particular, a switch is performed from the safety system configuration of fig. 2 to the safety system configuration of fig. 4. In step 301 it is determined whether there is a request for changed settings of the safety system. 25     According to the invention, the mine operator assigned with the task to switch safety system configuration accesses the safety system through the interface in order to communicate with the main control unit 160. The interface of the main control unit 160 may as discussed be accessible from a remote location, e.g. through a computer or directly from where the main control unit 160 is located. When there is a request 30     for a changed setting of the safety zone configuration, indicated by suitable input from the operator, valid alternatives, e.g. in terms of valid safety zone configurations, 2021341474  31 Jul 2025 may be provided and displayed by the safety system, step 302. As was discussed above, according to the invention only predetermined safety system configurations, and hence settings, are possible to select, and it is not possible to redesign a safety zone configuration since this might subject the safety system to unintentional risk. 5     The interface, such as a display, provides means for selecting desired settings for the safety system, where the set safety zone configuration of fig. 2 is to be switched to instead be set to the safety zone configuration of fig. 4. That is, the safety system configuration is to be switched from the situation in fig. 2 where tunnels 110, 120 each form separate safety zones S1, S2 to a configuration where tunnel 120 no . 0     longer form part of a safety zone, and where, instead, tunnels 140 and 150, together with tunnel 110 instead form a new single safety zone S1’. According to the present example, this is an allowed switch. According to embodiments of the invention, although there may be a plurality of different predetermined safety system configurations that per se are available for use, there . 5     may be further restrictions that also delimit the possible alternatives for a switch from a particular safety system configuration. That is, not all predetermined safety system configurations may be available for selection for a particular currently set / active safety zone configuration. Hence the safety zone configuration of fig. 4 may not be selectable from all safety zone configurations. 2 0     According to the present example, however, there may be a plurality of different safety zone configurations selectable for a switch from the safety zone configuration of fig. 2, where one of the selectable safety zone configurations is the safety zone configuration 400 of fig. 4. Another possible alternative safety zone configuration 500 is exemplified in fig. 5, where each of the tunnels 110, 120, 130, 140 each form 25     separate safety zones S1’’, S2’’, S3’’, S4’’. In step 303 it is determined whether a new safety zone configuration has been selected, and when it is established that this is the case, actions to be taken by the operator is prompted through the interface, step 304. There may be a number of actions that need to be taken, and acknowledged to the main control unit 160 before 30     the system is armed and activated for control according to the newly selected safety zone configuration 400. 2021341474  31 Jul 2025 For example, there are barriers that are to be inactivated and no longer form part in the control of the safety system following the change of configuration, while there are other barriers that, instead, are to be armed and form part of the control. In particular, barrier 112 is to be deactivated, and physical obstructions / blockings, in case such are 5     present, be removed since tunnel 110 will be integrated with other parts of the work area. Furthermore, barriers 151, 152 are to be activated, since tunnel 150 will form part of the safety zone S1’. Similarly, barriers 132, 141 will be activated, while barrier 121 will be deactivated and barrier 122 possibly be reconfigured, since the new safety . 0     zone will be on the other side of the barrier 122. According to the present example there are hence various actions that need to be taken, where one action at a time may be prompted by the interface, and where an operator may need to acknowledge each action as being carried out in case physical actions need to be performed, e.g. in terms of adding and / or removing physical . 5     barrier items. There may also be a requirement that it is checked e.g. that the parts of the work area that are to be taken into use as safety zones are cleared from personnel and vehicles. The operator may also be asked e.g. whether an unmanned vehicle is already present in a location that is to form part of a safety zone in the new configuration, so that it may be ensured that this vehicle is properly checked-in to the ’ 0     safety zone, so that the safety system is aware of all vehicles being present in a safety area when the system is going active. In step 305 it is determined whether all required actions has been carried out and acknowledged, and in step 306 a request for a confirmation that the system is to be activated applying the selected configuration is prompted, and when this is received, 25     system control is commenced by the main control unit in step 307, whereby the main control unit commence control operation of the one or more safety zones according to the selected setting. The method is then ended in step 308 to be repeated once a switch of safety zone configuration is again to be performed. The invention hence provides a safety system that is flexible and dynamic by allowing 30     use of a plurality of different safety zone configurations that are designed for the particular work area for which the safety system is set up. Simultaneously, since the 2021341474  31 Jul 2025 safety zone configurations are predetermined, prior to the safety system is taken into use, it can be ensured that the various safety system configurations have been properly checked for possible vulnerabilities, which may not be the case if an operator freely may alter e.g. barriers and add or remove safety zones at will. 5     Modifications and variations such as would be apparent to the skilled addressee are considered to fall within the scope of the present invention. The present invention is not to be limited in scope by any of the specific embodiments described herein. These embodiments are intended for the purpose of exemplification only. Functionally equivalent products, formulations and methods are . 0     clearly within the scope of the invention as described herein. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Reference to positional descriptions and spatially relative terms), such as “inner,” . 5     “outer,” “beneath”, “below”, “lower”, “above”, “upper” and the like, are to be taken in context of the embodiments depicted in the figures, and are not to be taken as limiting the invention to the literal interpretation of the term but rather as would be understood by the skilled addressee. Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various 2 0     elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as “first,” “second,” and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly 25     indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed herein could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms 30     “comprise”, “comprises,” “comprising,” “including,” and “having,” or variations thereof are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, 2021341474  31 Jul 2025 operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims and / or 5     disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of possible implementations. In fact, many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification. Although each dependent claim listed below may directly depend on only one claim, the disclosure of possible implementations includes each dependent . 0     claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order discussed or illustrated, unless specifically identified as an order of performance. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed.

Claims

1. A safety system for restricting operation of at least one automated mining vehicle to a safety zone forming part of a work area comprising a plurality of safety zones5 defined by barrier sensors at respective entrances and / or exits of the plurality of safety zones, sensor signals of the barrier sensors being communicated by sensor communication circuitry, and the safety system comprising a main control unit configured to control operation of the plurality of safety zones, based on barrier sensor signals received from the sensor communication circuitry, characterized in:. 0                   that the main control unit is configured to store a plurality ofpredetermined safety zone configurations that are designed for the work area for which the safety system is set up and that are predetermined prior to taking the safety system into use, andthat the main control unit comprises an interface configured to enable a. 5 switch from one safety zone configuration to another, such that a predetermined safety zone configuration to be used for automated operation of mining vehicles within the work area is selectable via the interface, wherein a plurality of different predetermined safety zone configurations are selectable,wherein only a predetermined plurality of predefined settings are10 selectable through the interface when switching from a first safety zone configuration to a second safety zone configuration, andwherein a switch from a first safety zone configuration to a second, safety zone configuration, causes the main control unit of the safety system to control operation of the plurality of safety zones according to the selected setting.25     2. The safety system according to claim 1, wherein different safety zoneconfigurations utilise at least partly different sets of a predefined plurality of barrier sensors of the work area as entrances and / or exits of the plurality of safety zones.

3. The safety system according to claims 1 or 2, wherein the predefined plurality of safety zone configurations utilise all, or a selection of, a predefined set of barrier30 sensors, located at defined locations of the work area, each safety zone configuration utilising barrier sensors of the predefined set of barrier sensors in a manner such that2021341474  31 Jul 2025the safety zone configurations represent a different number of, and / or different geographical extension of, safety zones.

4. The safety system according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein an influence of a particular barrier sensor of the work area when the main control unit control operation 5 of the safety zones depend on whether or not the particular barrier sensor is located at a position used as an entrance and / or exit of a safety zone according to the selected safety zone configuration.

5. The safety system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the barrier sensors are configured to detect presence of an object such as a vehicle at a particular barrier . 0 sensor, the signals representing a state of a barrier sensor indicate whether or not a presence is detected by the barrier sensor.

6. The safety system according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein a vehicle, when being taken into, or out from, use in a particular safety zone, is checked-in to, or checked-out from, the safety system such that the main control unit is aware of the . 5 current presence of the vehicles in the safety zones.

7. The safety system according to claim 6, further comprising receiving means for receiving an identity, e.g. through RFID or other wireless communication, of a vehicle being checked-in to, or checked-out from, a safety zone.

8. The safety system according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein each entrance 20 and / or exit is provided with at least a first and a second barrier sensor for detecting presence of an object, the first and second barrier sensors being located at a distance from each other, so as to, by successively detecting an object by one of the first and second barrier sensors followed by detecting an object by the other of the first and second barrier sensors, determine a direction of motion of the object.25     9. The safety system according to claim 8, wherein a vehicle is automaticallychecked-in to, or checked-out from, a safety zone by detection of an identity of the vehicle, and by successive detection of presence by one of the at least a first and second barrier sensors followed by detection of presence by the other of the at least a first and second barrier sensor.2021341474  31 Jul 202510. The safety system according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the system is configured to, when detecting unauthorised presence of an object at an entrance and / or exit of a safety zone comprising at least one vehicle:transmit a stop command to the at least one vehicle being present in5 the safety zone, so as to stop operation of the at least one vehicle being present in the safety zone.

11. The safety system according to claim 10, further comprising a vehicle module, the vehicle module, when installed in a vehicle, is configured to stop operation of the vehicle upon request from the main control unit.. 0     12. A safety system according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein, in at least one ofthe predetermined safety zone configurations, at least one barrier sensor is shared by two safety zones, thereby being used as entry / exit between the two safety zones.

13. A method for restricting operation of at least one automated mining vehicle to a safety zone forming part of a work area comprising a plurality of safety zones defined . 5 by barrier sensors at respective entrances and / or exits of the plurality of safetyzones, wherein sensor signals of the barrier sensors being communicated by sensor communication circuitry and the safety system comprising a main control unit controlling operation of the plurality of safety zones based on the barrier sensor signals received from the sensor communication circuitry, characterized in the2 0 method comprising:by means of an interface of the safety system, receiving a request for a switch of a predetermined safety zone configuration to be used for automated operation of mining vehicles within the work area, the main control unit is configured to store a plurality of predetermined safety zone configurations, that are designed for25 the work area for which the safety system is set up and that are predetermined prior to taking the safety system into use, wherein a plurality of different predetermined safety zone configurations are selectable, and wherein only a predetermined plurality of predefined setting are selectable through the interface when requesting the switch from a first safety zone configuration to a second safety zone configuration,30                   switching from the first safety zone configuration to the second safetyzone configuration, and2021341474  31 Jul 2025when switching from the first safety zone configuration to the second safety zone configuration, setting the main control unit to control the safety system to control operation of the plurality of safety zones according to the selected setting.

14. A computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is5 executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method according to claim 13.

15. A computer-readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method according to claim 13.

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