Rock cutting and breaking tunneling device using high-kinetic-energy particles and working method thereof

Abstract

Disclosed is a rock cutting and breaking tunneling device using high-kinetic-energy particles, the device comprising a base (1), and the base being provided with a mechanical arm (2), a rock fracture and tunneling form real-time acquisition device (9), a rock breaking material supply system and a medium pressurizing device. Further disclosed is a working method of the device, comprising: the rock fracture and tunneling form real-time acquisition device transmitting acquired information to a control module; after the control module processes the information, establishing a three-dimensional model of a tunnel excavation area, analyzing rock fracture characteristics and trends, and preferentially planning rock cutting along fractures; using high-kinetic-energy particles to impact rock in a tunnel area to be excavated, so as to generate relatively large instantaneous impact stress on the rock such that impact points cause impact damage, and impact center points generating an impact stress wave propagated outwards, such that the rock flows in a plastic mode so as to generate damaged cracks and fractures; and high-speed and high-pressure abrasives and media continuously impacting the damaged cracks and fractures, to expand and connect the cracks, so as to further enhance the rock damage effect.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS The present invention claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202310854814.0, filed with the China National Intellectual Property Administration on July 12, 2023 and titled “ROCK CUTTING AND BREAKING TUNNELING DEVICE USING HIGH-KINETIC-ENERGY PARTICLES AND WORKING METHOD THEREOF”, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and constitutes an integral part of the present invention for all purposes. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering construction and, in particular, to a rock cutting and breaking tunneling device using high-kinetic-energy particles and a working method thereof. BACKGROUND The information disclosed in the background is merely intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the present invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that such information constitutes prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. In recent years, the quantity and scale of underground engineering construction have gradually increased, developing towards extremely complex geological environments and extremely harsh construction environments. As the primary method for tunnel and underground engineering construction, the drilling and blasting method, compared to the tunnel boring machine method, features smaller initial investment, wider applicability to various geologies, less reliance on infrastructure, and greater flexibility in dealing with unfavorable geological conditions. Consequently, it has been widely applied, yielding substantial economic and social benefits. However, the explosive blasting method suffers from drawbacks such as being prone to causing disturbances to surrounding rock, issues with over-excavation and under-excavation, poor adaptability to complex and sensitive environments, and cumbersome and difficult approval procedures, which delay the speed of tunnel construction. Meanwhile, emerging methods in recent years, such as static expansion agents, gas explosion, and mechanical splitting, all have certain limitations, such as being unsuitable for hard rock, having low efficiency, high costs, and significant noise interference, making it difficult to meet engineering requirements for safety, environmental friendliness, quality, and other aspects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a novel tunneling method that is more flexible than the tunnel boring machine method, safer and more environment-friendly than the explosive blasting method, and more efficient than the small tunnel boring machine method, in response to the national strategic requirements for green development of infrastructure construction in the new era. SUMMARY To overcome the aforementioned problems, the present invention provides a rock cutting and breaking tunneling device using high-kinetic-energy particles and a working method thereof. The present invention utilizes a rock fracture and tunneling morphology real-time acquisition device to transmit acquired information to a control module; after processing the information, the control module establishes a three-dimensional model of a tunnel excavation area, analyzes characteristics and orientations of rock fractures, prioritizes planning for cutting along the rock fractures, and causes rocks in a to-be-excavated tunnel area to be subjected to significant instantaneous impact stress by impacting the rocks with high-kinetic-energy particles, resulting in impact damage at impact points; an impact stress wave generated at impact center points propagates outward, causing plastic flow in the rocks and generating damaged cracks and fractures; and high-speed and high-pressure abrasives and media continuously impact the damaged cracks and fractures, causing the fractures to expand and connect, thereby further enhancing damage effects on the rocks. To achieve the above technical objective, the present invention employs the following technical solutions: in a first aspect of the present invention, a rock cutting and breaking tunneling device using high-kinetic-energy particles is provided, the device including a base provided with a mechanical arm and a rock fracture and tunneling morphology real-time acquisition device, where a nozzle is disposed at an end of the mechanical arm, and the nozzle is connected sequentially through a first pipeline to a particle flow acceleration device, a rock breaking material supply system, and a medium pressurization device; the rock breaking material supply system includes an abrasive injection device and a particle injection device, which are connected through a second pipeline; and the rock fracture and tunneling morphology real-time acquisition device transmits acquired information to a control module and, after processing the information, the control module controls movement of the mechanical arm to align the nozzle at the end of the mechanical arm with a rock cutting position and angle, controls pressurization of the medium pressurization device, and controls acceleration of the particle flow acceleration device. In a second aspect of the present invention, a working method of the aforementioned rock cutting and breaking tunneling device using high-kinetic-energy particles is provided, the working method including: adding abrasives to the abrasive injection device and adding particles to the particle injection device for later use; acquiring, by the rock fracture and tunneling morphology real-time acquisition device, information on characteristics and orientations of to-be-broken rock fractures; and after processing the information by the control module, establishing a threedimensional model of a tunnel excavation area and determining a cutting path; controlling movement of the mechanical arm to align the nozzle at the end of the mechanical arm with a rock cutting position and angle; simultaneously controlling, by the control module, the medium pressurization device to generate a high-pressure and high-speed medium, where the high-pressure and high-speed medium carries the abrasives and the particles into a first channel; controlling, by the control module, the particle flow acceleration device to accelerate the particles, causing the particles to be ejected ahead of the abrasives, continuously impact rocks, and thereby achieve particle cutting and rock breaking; subsequently, continuously impacting, by the high-speed and high-pressure abrasives and medium, damaged cracks and fractures to enhance rock cutting. The present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the present invention utilizes a rock fracture and tunneling morphology real-time acquisition device to transmit acquired information to a control module; after processing the information, the control module establishes a three-dimensional model of a tunnel excavation area, analyzes characteristics and orientations of rock fractures, prioritizes planning for cutting along the rock fractures, and causes rocks in a to-be-excavated tunnel area to be subjected to significant instantaneous impact stress by impacting the rocks with high-kinetic-energy particles, resulting in impact damage at impact points; an impact stress wave generated at impact center points propagates outward, causing plastic flow in the rocks and generating damaged cracks and fractures; and high-speed and high-pressure abrasives and media continuously impact the damaged cracks and fractures, causing the fractures to expand and connect, thereby further enhancing damage effects on the rocks. (2) The rock cutting and breaking method according to the present invention automatically identifies rock fractures and controls the mechanical arm to prioritize particle impact on fracture areas with lower rock strength, followed by cutting the rocks into blocks, which can conserve energy consumption and further improve rock breaking efficiency. (3) The rock cutting and breaking device and the working method thereof according to the present invention can eliminate blasting disturbances associated with conventional tunnel blasting excavation, eradicate over-excavation and under-excavation phenomena, enable uninterrupted tunnel construction processes, and significantly enhance tunnel construction efficiency. (4) The particle recovery system according to the present invention can employ electromagnetic methods to adsorb particles after they impact the rocks, allowing for particle recycling, eliminating soil pollution caused by blasting residues, and meeting environmental protection requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings as a part of the present invention are provided to further illustrate the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are intended to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereon. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a device according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cutting path according to the present invention; and FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating an application effect of the present invention; wherein, 1 - base; 2 - mechanical arm; 3 - medium pressurization device; 4 - abrasive injection device; 5 - particle injection device; 6 - particle flow acceleration device; 7 -nozzle; 8 - particle recovery device; 9 - rock fracture and tunneling morphology real-time acquisition device; 10 - first pipeline; 11 - second pipeline; and, 12 - third pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and aims to further describe the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. It should be noted that the terms used herein are merely for describing the embodiments rather than for limiting the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. As used herein, unless otherwise stated clearly in the context, a singular form is intended to include a plural form. In addition, it should be understood that the terms “comprise” and / or “include” as used herein indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, assemblies, and / or combinations thereof. A first typical embodiment of the present invention provides a rock cutting and breaking tunneling device using high-kinetic-energy particles is provided, the device including a base provided with a mechanical arm and a rock fracture and tunneling morphology real-time acquisition device, where a nozzle is disposed at an end of the mechanical arm, and the nozzle is connected sequentially through a first pipeline to a particle flow acceleration device, a rock breaking material supply system, and a medium pressurization device; the rock breaking material supply system includes an abrasive injection device and a particle injection device, which are connected through a second pipeline; and the rock fracture and tunneling morphology real-time acquisition device transmits acquired information to a control module and, after processing the information, the control module controls movement of the mechanical arm to align the nozzle at the end of the mechanical arm with a rock cutting position and angle, controls pressurization of the medium pressurization device, and controls acceleration of the particle flow acceleration device. In one or more embodiments, both the rock breaking material supply system and the medium pressurization device are disposed on the base. In one or more embodiments, the particle flow acceleration device is disposed on the mechanical arm. Preferably, the particle flow acceleration device is disposed at a position on the mechanical arm near the nozzle at the end. In one or more embodiments, the first pipeline and the second pipeline are interconnected via a third pipeline. In one or more embodiments, a particle recovery device is further disposed at the end of the mechanical arm, which recovers the metal particles after cutting completion via an electromagnetic means. In one or more embodiments, the base is provided with a traveling mechanism and a lifting mechanism, enabling forward, backward, steering, and lifting functions, capable of carrying the remaining parts to a tunnel excavation face. A second typical embodiment of the present invention provides a working method of the aforementioned rock cutting and breaking tunneling device using high-kinetic-energy particles is provided, the working method including: adding abrasives to the abrasive injection device and adding particles to the particle injection device for later use; acquiring, by the rock fracture and tunneling morphology real-time acquisition device, information on characteristics and orientations of to-be-broken rock fractures; and after processing the information by the control module, establishing a three dimensional model of a tunnel excavation area and determining a cutting path; controlling movement of the mechanical arm to align the nozzle at the end of the mechanical arm with a rock cutting position and angle; simultaneously controlling, by the control module, the medium pressurization device to generate a high-pressure and high-speed medium, where the high-pressure and high-speed medium carries the abrasives and the particles into a first channel; controlling, by the control module, the particle flow acceleration device to accelerate the particles, causing the particles to be ejected ahead of the abrasives, continuously impact rocks, and thereby achieve particle cutting and rock breaking; subsequently, continuously impacting, by the high-speed and high-pressure abrasives and medium, damaged cracks and fractures to enhance rock cutting. In one or more embodiments, the metal particles after cutting completion are recovered by the particle recovery device via an electromagnetic means. In one or more embodiments, after the rock cutting is completed, rock blocks formed by the cutting are collected and cleared away, and the rock fracture and tunneling morphology real-time acquisition device is reused to continuously acquire information on characteristics and orientations of rock fractures to be broken subsequently, thereby proceeding to a next cycle of rock cutting and breaking. In one or more embodiments, the medium is either water or air. In one or more embodiments, the particles are steel balls. In one or more embodiments, the abrasives are diamonds. To enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the structures of the technical solutions will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. Referring to FIG. 1 of the present invention, a rock cutting and breaking tunneling device using high-kinetic-energy particles is provided, the device including a base provided with a mechanical arm, a rock fracture and tunneling morphology real-time acquisition device, a rock breaking material supply system, and a medium pressurization device, where the rock breaking material supply system includes an abrasive injection device and a particle injection device; a nozzle is disposed at an end of the mechanical arm, and the nozzle is sequentially connected through a first pipeline to a particle flow acceleration device, the rock breaking material supply system, and the medium pressurization device; the abrasive injection device and the particle injection device are connected through a second pipeline; the first pipeline and the second pipeline are interconnected via a third pipeline; the particle flow acceleration device is disposed on the mechanical arm near the nozzle at the end; a particle recovery device is further disposed at the end of the mechanical arm; and the rock fracture and tunneling morphology real-time acquisition device transmits acquired information to a control module and, after processing the information, the control module controls movement of the mechanical arm to align the nozzle at the end of the mechanical arm with a rock cutting position, controls pressurization of the medium pressurization device, and controls acceleration of the particle flow acceleration device. The base is provided with a traveling mechanism, such as a wheeled or tracked traveling mechanism, and a lifting mechanism, enabling forward, backward, steering, and lifting functions, capable of carrying the remaining parts to a tunnel excavation face. The mechanical arm is a three-axis mechanical arm, capable of flexibly lifting, tilting, and adjusting an angle of the nozzle at the end to achieve cutting along the orientation of a rock fracture. The medium pressurization device can compress a medium, enabling the medium to carry abrasives and particles for ejection. The particle flow acceleration device can further accelerate the metal particles within the medium via an electromagnetic means, thereby obtaining greater kinetic energy. The particle recovery device can recover the metal particles after cutting completion via an electromagnetic means, thereby avoiding waste. This solution is further described below in conjunction with a specific working method: Embodiment 1 adding abrasives to the abrasive injection device and adding particles to the particle injection device for later use; acquiring, by the rock fracture and tunneling morphology real-time acquisition device, information on characteristics and orientations of to-be-broken rock fractures; and after processing the information by the control module, establishing a threedimensional model of a tunnel excavation area and determining a cutting path; controlling movement of the mechanical arm to align the nozzle at the end of the mechanical arm with a rock cutting position; simultaneously controlling, by the control module, the medium pressurization device to generate a high-pressure and high-speed medium, where the high-pressure and high-speed medium carries the abrasives and the particles into a first channel; controlling, by the control module, the particle flow acceleration device to accelerate the particles, causing the particles to be ejected ahead of the abrasives, continuously impact rocks, and thereby achieve particle cutting and rock breaking; subsequently, continuously impacting, by the high-speed and high-pressure abrasives and medium, damaged cracks and fractures to enhance rock cutting. The metal particles after cutting completion are recovered by the particle recovery device via an electromagnetic means. After the rock cutting is completed, rock blocks formed by the cutting are collected and cleared away, and the rock fracture and tunneling morphology real-time acquisition device is reused to continuously acquire information on characteristics and orientations of rock fractures to be broken subsequently, thereby proceeding to a next cycle of rock cutting and breaking. After processing the information, the control module establishes a three-dimensional model of a tunnel excavation area and determines a cutting path. For rocks at different positions and with different hardness levels, the control module can adjust the pressure and speed of the medium in the medium pressurization device, as well as the acceleration of particles by the particle flow acceleration device. The foregoing is merely illustrative of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rock cutting and breaking tunneling device using high-kinetic-energy particles, comprising a base provided with a mechanical arm and a rock fracture and tunneling morphology real-time acquisition device, wherein a nozzle is disposed at an end of the mechanical arm, and the nozzle is connected sequentially through a first pipeline to a particle flow acceleration device, a rock breaking material supply system, and a medium pressurization device; the rock breaking material supply system comprises an abrasive injection device and a particle injection device, which are connected through a second pipeline; andthe rock fracture and tunneling morphology real-time acquisition device transmits acquired information to a control module and, after processing the information, the control module controls movement of the mechanical arm to align the nozzle at the end of the mechanical arm with a rock cutting position and angle, controls pressurization of the medium pressurization device, and controls acceleration of the particle flow acceleration device.

2. The rock cutting and breaking tunneling device using high-kinetic-energy particles according to claim 1, wherein both the rock breaking material supply system and the medium pressurization device are disposed on the base.

3. The rock cutting and breaking tunneling device using high-kinetic-energy particles according to claim 1, wherein the particle flow acceleration device is disposed on the mechanical arm.

4. The rock cutting and breaking tunneling device using high-kinetic-energy particles according to claim 3, wherein the particle flow acceleration device is disposed at a position on the mechanical arm near the nozzle at the end.

5. The rock cutting and breaking tunneling device using high-kinetic-energy particles according to claim 1, wherein the first pipeline and the second pipeline are interconnected via a third pipeline.

6. The rock cutting and breaking tunneling device using high-kinetic-energy particles according to claim 1, wherein a particle recovery device is further disposed atthe end of the mechanical arm.

7. The rock cutting and breaking tunneling device using high-kinetic-energy particles according to claim 1, wherein the base is provided with a traveling mechanism and a lifting mechanism.

8. A working method of the rock cutting and breaking tunneling device using high-kinetic-energy particles according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:adding abrasives to the abrasive injection device and adding particles to the particle injection device for later use;acquiring, by the rock fracture and tunneling morphology real-time acquisition device, information on characteristics and orientations of to-be-broken rock fractures; andafter processing the information by the control module, establishing a threedimensional model of a tunnel excavation area and determining a cutting path; controlling movement of the mechanical arm to align the nozzle at the end of the mechanical arm with a rock cutting position and angle; simultaneously controlling, by the control module, the medium pressurization device to generate a high-pressure and high-speed medium, wherein the high-pressure and high-speed medium carries the abrasives and the particles into a first channel; controlling, by the control module, the particle flow acceleration device to accelerate the particles, causing the particles to be ejected ahead of the abrasives, continuously impact rocks, and thereby achieve particle cutting and rock breaking; subsequently, continuously impacting, by the high-speed and high-pressure abrasives and medium, damaged cracks and fractures to enhance rock cutting.

9. The working method according to claim 8, wherein the metal particles after cutting completion are recovered by the particle recovery device via an electromagnetic means.

10. The working method according to claim 8, wherein after the rock cutting is completed, rock blocks formed by the cutting are collected and cleared away, and the rock fracture and tunneling morphology real-time acquisition device is reused to continuously acquire information on characteristics and orientations of rock fractures to be broken subsequently, thereby proceeding to a next cycle of rock cutting and breaking.

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