Compositions comprising anesthetics and methods of using the same

Abstract

The disclosure relates to pharmaceutical composition comprising dopamine antagonists and methods of using the same to treat pain, prevent drug liking and opioid addiction.

Description

COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING ANESTHETICS AND METHODS OF USING THESAMECROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONSThis application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application No. 63 / 614,582, which was filed December 24, 2023, and is entitled “COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING ANESTHETICS AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME,” and of U.S. provisional application No. 63 / 703,160, which was filed October 3, 2024, and is entitled “COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING ANESTHETICS AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME,” both of which are incorporated herein in their entireties.STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCHThis invention was made with government support under grant number NIH R01DA056593 and NIH R21DA048323 awarded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The government has certain rights in the invention.FIELDThe disclosure relates to a composition, pharmaceutical composition and methods of administering the compositions for prevention of opioid-related disorders, such as opioid use disorder and opioid addiction. The disclosure also relates to methods of treating pain in a subject in need thereof with a dopamine antagonist by administering the dopamine antagonist to the subject with one or more of the compositions disclosed herein.BACKGROUNDOver nine million Americans misused opioids in the past year alone, leading to over 106,000 deaths in 2021. The origin of this crisis is rooted in the healthcare system itself, when patients are first exposed to opioids to control pain from medical procedures including surgery. Of the ~51 million patients who undergo surgery each year in the US, 76.2% of patients filled an opioid prescription within the first 7 days after discharge and 9% to 13% of those patients continue longterm use of opioids. Even more significantly, 10% to 50% of those patients develop persistent postsurgical pain and chronic pain, and 8% to 12% of these individuals go on to develop opioiduse disorder. There are no effective treatments for opioid-related disorders or safer drug regiments that both treat pain of patients as well as prevent opioid dependence.SUMMARY OF EMBODIMENTSThe disclosure relates to novel formulations and novel methods to manage, prevent, and treat opioid-use disorders that are not subject to treatment by conventional methods or therapies. Such new agents could be used alone or in combination with other treatment to improve patient outcomes.. Surprisingly, the methods and compositions of the present disclosure fulfdl these needs and satisfy other objects and advantages that will become apparent from the description which follows.The disclosure encompasses compositions and formulations comprising a compound of Formulas I -VI that are useful for treating or preventing pain, preventing an opioid disorder including, but not limited to, conditions such as opioid dependence and drug liking. Some embodiments of the disclosure include compositions useful in anesthetizing a subject in need thereof and potentiating the effects of opioids.The disclosure also encompasses methods for treating pain or preventing opioid-related disorders, which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such treatment or prevention a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of a composition comprising one of: (i) a dopamine antagonist, a dopamine antagonist and an opioid, a compound of Formula I- VI, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof; and (ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist comprises a compound of formula (I):or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, an isomer thereof, or a prodrug thereof.In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist comprises a compound of formula (II):Formula II or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, an isomer thereof, or a prodrug thereof.In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist comprises a compound of formula (III):Formula III or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, an isomer thereof, or a prodrug thereof.In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist comprises a compound of formula (IV):wherein:X1is chosen from H, Cl, F, I, O, OH, or NH2;R2is chosen from O, N, NH, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroacyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl;Ri and R3 are individually chosen from O, N, NH, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroacyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, an isomer thereof, or a prodrug thereof.In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist comprises a compound of formula (V):XI is chosen from H, Cl, F, I, O, OH, or NH2;R2 is chosen from a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group;R1 and R3 are individually chosen fromO, N, NH, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroacyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl;X2 is chosen from Cl, F, I, OH, or =0;R4 is chosen from a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group;R7 is chosen from a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group;R5 and R6 are individually chosen from O, N, NH, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroacyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, or R5 and R6 together form a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkene; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, an isomer thereof, or a prodrug thereof.

[0001] The disclosure also relates to a composition comprising a dopamine antagonist comprising a compound of formula (VI):whereinX1is chosen from halogen, H, O, OH, or NH2;R2 is chosen from a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group; and R1and R3 are individually chosen from O, N, NH, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroacyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl; andX3 is chosen from H, O, OH, halogen or NH2; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereofThe disclosure also relates to a composition comprising a dopamine antagonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or prodrug thereof. The disclosure also relates to a composition comprising an opioid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In someembodiments, compositions of the disclosure include a dopamine antagonist and an opioid, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a dopamine antagonist, wherein the dopamine antagonist is chosen from: DD8, DD9, DD10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist selected from: prochlorperazine, haloperidol, quetiapine, droperidol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or prodrug thereof. In some embodiments, the opioid is chosen from: morphine, codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, hydromorphone, levorphanol, oxymorphone, meperidine, methadone, tapentadol, tramadol, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.The disclosure relates to a composition comprising a dopamine antagonist, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an opioid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the opioid is a compound having a structure represented by a formula:or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the opioid is chosen from: morphine, codeine, hydromorphone, fentanyl, hydrocodone, levorphanol, meperidine, methadone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, tramadol, the opioid is fentanyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein the mass of fentanyl in the dosage form fentanyl is from about 100 micrograms to about 500 micrograms. In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist is DD9, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein the mass of DD9 is from about 0.1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams.In some embodiments, the disclosure also relates to a composition comprising a dopamine antagonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or prodrug thereof. The disclosure also relates to a composition comprising an opioid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Insome embodiments, compositions of the disclosure include a dopamine antagonist and an opioid, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a dopamine antagonist, wherein the dopamine antagonist comprises DD12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the opioid is chosen from: morphine, codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, hydromorphone, levorphanol, oxymorphone, meperidine, methadone, tapentadol, tramadol, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. In some embodiment, the dopamine antagonist comprises DD12 but is free of DD9, DD10, variants thereof or salts thereof. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2 milligrams to about 200 milligrams DD12. In some embodiments, the composition is in an immediate-release dosage form.The disclosure also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist or a prodrug thereof; (ii) an opioid or a prodrug thereof; and (iii) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist is a compound having a structure represented by a formula I, II, III, IV, V, VI, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises an effective amount of a dopamine antagonist chosen from: DD8, DD9, DD10, a pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises an effective amount of a dopamine antagonist chosen from the compounds listed on Table X, or any pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof. In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or prodrug thereof, wherein the mass of dopamine antagonist is from about 0.1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams. In some embodiments, the opioid is a compound having a structure represented by a formula VIIwherein R1 is a 6-member carbon ring or a 6-member heterocycle, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a prodrug thereof. In some embodiments, the opioid is chosen from: morphine, codeine, hydromorphone, fentanyl, hydrocodone, levorphanol, meperidine, methadone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, tramadol, tapentadol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises an opioid with a mass of from about from about 100 micrograms to about 500 micrograms. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises dopamine antagonist, wherein the dopamine antagonist is administered as a dose of from about 0.1 milligrams to about 24 milligrams. In some embodiments, the opioid is fentanyl, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a prodrug thereof, wherein the mass of fentanyl is from about 100 micrograms to about 500 micrograms.In some embodiments, the disclosure also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist or a prodrug thereof; (ii) an opioid or a prodrug thereof; and (iii) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises an effective amount of DD12, a pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof. In some embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprises DD12 but is free of DD9, DD10, variants thereof or salts thereof. In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or prodrug thereof, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 0.1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams.The disclosure relates to any pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is in an oral dosage form. The disclosure relates to any pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is in an liquid dosage form. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is a single oral dosage formcomprising a dopamine antagonist and an opioid. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is a single oral dosage form comprising DD9 and an opioid. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is a single oral dosage form comprising DD10 and an opioid. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is a single oral dosage form comprising DD12 and an opioid. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is in an immediate-release dosage form.In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a dopamine antagonist. In some embodiments the pharmaceutical composition comprises about 0.2 mg., about 0.3 mg, about 0.4 mg, about 0.5 mg, about 0.6 mg, about 0.7 mg, about 0.8 mg, about 0.9 mg, about 1 mg, about 2 mg, about 3 mg, about 4 mg, about 5 mg, about 6 mg, about 7mg, about 8 mg, about 9 mg, about 10 mg, about 11 mg, about 12 mg, about 13 mg, about 14 mg, about 15 mg, about 16 mg, about 17 mg, about 18 mg, about 19 mg, about 20 mg, about 21 mg, about 22 mg, about 23 mg, about 24 mg, about 25 mg, about 26 mg, about 27 mg, about 28 mg, about 29 mg, about 39 mg, about 31 mg, about 32 mg, about 33 mg, about 34 mg, about 35 mg, about 36 mg, about 37 mg, about 38 mg, about 39 mg, about 40 mg, about 41 mg, about 42 mg, about 43 mg, about 44 mg, about 45 mg, about 46 mg, about 47 mg, about 48 mg, about 49 mg, about 50 mg of the dopamine antagonist. In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist is DD12 and the pharmaceutical composition is free of DD9, DD10, variants thereof or salts thereof. In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist is DD9, DD10, or DD12, and the pharmaceutical composition is free of at least one other dopamine antagonist listed in Table X.Another set of aspects of the disclosure relate to methods of preventing opioid liking and / or opioid dependence comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of an opioid and an effective amount of a dopamine antagonist. In some embodiments, the effective amount of both compounds are prophylactically effective amounts, or those amounts necessary to prevent onset of opioid liking and / or opioid dependence. In some embodiments, the amount of dopamine antagonist administered is an amount sufficient to reduce the frequency of oscillations from about 4 Hz to about 8 Hz when measured by an EEG. The disclosure also relates to a method of treating pain comprising administering to a subject in need thereof any composition or pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the subject is administered as an IV, oral or liquid dosage form comprising a dopamine antagonist, such as DD8, DD9 or DD10, with a total mass of from about 2 milligramsto about 200 milligrams. In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist is administered prior to or contemporaneous with administration of an opioid. In some embodiments, the administration occurs in one, two, three or more doses provided during a surgical procedure and about three more doses within 72 hours after the surgical procedure. In some embodiments, the opioid administration occurs about one, about two, about three, or about four times per day. In some embodiments, the dosage form is an immediate release dosage form. And in some embodiments, the methods including an administration step comprising administration of more than one dose per day.In some embodiments, the disclosure also relates to a method of treating pain comprising administering to a subject in need thereof any composition or pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the subject is administered as an IV, oral or liquid dosage form comprising a dopamine antagonist comprising DD12, with a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 200 milligrams. In some embodiment, the dopamine antagonist comprises DD12 or analog thereof but is free of DD9, DD10, variants thereof or salts thereof. In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist is administered prior to or contemporaneous with administration of an opioid. In some embodiments, the administration occurs in one, two, three or more doses provided during a surgical procedure and about three more doses within 72 hours after the surgical procedure. In some embodiments, the opioid administration occurs one, two, three, or four times per day. In some embodiments, the antagonist is administered one, two, three, or four times per day. In some embodiments, the dosage form is an immediate-release dosage form.In some embodiments, the dose of dopamine antagonist is from about 2 to about 24 milligrams in liquid or solid dosage form. In some embodiments the methods of the disclosure comprise a step of administering a dopamine antagonist daily, twice daily, once every other day for about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 10 or more days after a surgical procedure. In some embodiments, methods that include administration of the dopamine antagonist comprise administering to a subject in need thereof a low dose of dopamine antagonist from about 1 month to about 3 months after surgery or, at least as long as the subject is also taking opioids to treat pain after a surgical procedure. In some embodiments a dopamine antagonist is administered with an opioid in the same (or two separate compositions within about an hour from also administering an opioid) at a dose sufficient to potentiate the analgesic affect of the opioid and prevent side effects of both the dopamine receptor and the opioid (such as opioid addiction, drug-liking and opioid use disorder). In addition, someembodiments of the disclosure include methods of reducing respiratory and cardiovascular side effects of the opioids due to their lower doses accomplishing as effective treatment of pain as the higher dose. In some embodiments, the opioid administration occurs one, two, three, or four times per day. In some embodiments, the antagonist is administered one, two, three, or four times per day. In some embodiments, the dosage form is an immediate-release dosage form.The disclosure also relates to a kit comprising any disclosed composition or pharmaceutical composition and, optionally, a syringe or other device to administer the pharmaceutical composition.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGSThe following detailed description of embodiments will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustration, there are shown in the drawings certain embodiments. It is understood, however, that the embodiments are not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown. In the drawings:FIGS. 1A-1D: An electroencephalogram (EEG) biomarker of opioid drug effects: Theta oscillations correlate with increasing Fentanyl concentration. Changes in fentanyl ESC and EEG. Subjects were administered up to three boluses of fentanyl (2 mcg / kg ideal body weight) in 2- minute intervals after a baseline period (Fl, F2, and F3), and concentration levels were computed through PK / PD modeling. FIG. 1A shows the predicted ESC of a representative subject. Exposure to fentanyl corresponded with changes in the spectrogram shown in FIG. IB and power spectrum changes as illustrated in a representative subject’s electroencephalogram. FIG. 1C shows the spectrum at different time points during the experiment, showing increasing EEG theta (4 to 8 Hz) power as the experiment proceeds and fentanyl concentration increases. FIG. ID shows the correlation between EEG theta power and fentanyl effect site concentration.FIGS. 2A and 2B: Fentanyl -induced theta oscillations are present in brain regions consistent with the reward circuit. FIG. 2A shows the mean differences in power (dB) at the Theta frequency band (4 - 8 Hz) after fentanyl infusion relative to baseline were calculated for 824 channels across 5 subjects and plotted on Colin 27 brain template. Lighter shades indicate an increase in power, darker shades indicate a decrease in power, and a hatched color indicates no change in power (confidence interval overlaps zero). FIG. 2B shows the change in power after fentanyl administration in different brain regions with confidence intervals.FIGS. 3A and 3B: Theta oscillations during remifentanil administration are attenuated by 1 mg of Haloperidol. FIG. 3A compares the EEG power spectrum of the two conditions: a baseline condition of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with remifentanil as baseline, vs. the condition after 1 milligram of haloperidol is administered. The EEG power spectrum shows a clear and statistically significant decrease in the theta (4 to 8 Hz) power after administration of haloperidol. FIG. 3B shows the bootstrapped sample of the difference in theta power after administration of haloperidol with 99% confidence intervals.FIG. 4: Theta oscillations during fentanyl administration are attenuated by 1 mg of Haloperidol. This figure compares the EEG power spectrum of the two conditions: a baseline condition of anesthesia during administration of fentanyl as baseline, vs. the condition after 1 milligram of haloperidol is administered. The EEG power spectrum shows a clear and statistically significant decrease in the theta (4 to 8 Hz) power after administration of haloperidol.FIG. 5: Theta oscillations during hydromorphone administration are attenuated by 1 mg of Haloperidol. This figure compares the EEG power spectrum of the two conditions: a baseline condition of anesthesia during administration of hydromorphone as baseline, vs. the condition after 1 milligram of haloperidol is administered. The EEG power spectrum shows a clear and statistically significant decrease in the theta (4 to 8 Hz) power after administration of haloperidol. FIG. 6: Structure of neural network used to learn CPT and ICD-10 set embeddings.For each patient, ICD-10 and CPT codes are mapped to vectors by the initial embedding layer, generating a matrix of code embeddings. This matrix is then passed to a multi-head self-attention layer with mean-pooling, which computes the set embedding. This set embedding is concatenated with demographic variables and is then passed to a feed-forward network, which contributes to the prediction of the exposure.FIG. 7: Distribution of the intraoperative fentanyl exposure. This figure shows the distribution of intraoperative fentanyl exposure, represented as an average effect site concentration in ng / mL, a component of the causal inference analysis of the effect of dopamine antagonist administration on pain and opioid consumption.FIGS. 8A and 8B: Distribution of the timing of haloperidol and fentanyl administration throughout the surgery.FIG. 9: The adjusted odds ratios for intraoperative haloperidol, fentanyl, and our interaction term (haloperidol * fentanyl) on our primary and secondary outcomes.FIGS. 1 OA through 1 OF : Counterfactual estimates of short and medium-term pain as well as opioid- related outcomes for our exposure of haloperidol dose divided by patient weight (mg / kg). Here we present the counterfactual estimates for max pain in the PACU (FIG. 10A), max pain at 24 hrs post surgery (FIG. 10B), max pain in-hospital (FIG. IOC), the total amount of opioid consumption in the PACU (MME) (FIG. 10D), the total amount of opioid consumption 24 hours post surgery (FIG. 10E), and the total amount of opioid consumption through the hospital encounter (FIG. 10F).FIG. 11 : Distribution of fentanyl effect site concentrations. This figure shows the distribution of intraoperative fentanyl exposure, represented as an average effect site concentration in ng / mL, a component of the causal inference analysis of the effect of dopamine antagonist administration on pain and oral opioid consumption.FIGS. 12A and 12B: Distribution of the timing of intraoperative exposures, including haloperidol (FIG. 12 A) and fentanyl (FIG. 12B).FIG. 13: The adjusted odds ratios for intraoperative haloperidol, fentanyl, and our interaction term (haloperidol * fentanyl) on our primary and secondary outcomes.FIG. 14: Plot of the log-transformed average effect site concentration of haloperidol in the PACU against the amount of oxycodone administered in the PACU (MME). The line represents the fitted regression line with confidence bounds.FIG. 15: Estimated distribution of change in EEG theta (4-8 Hz) power produced by 1 mg morphine IV.FIG. 16: Estimated distribution of change in EEG theta (4-8 Hz) power produced by 1 mg haloperidol IV.FIG. 17. Estimated distribution of the amount of haloperidol required to counteract the opioid- induced EEG theta power increase.FIG. 18: Bootstrapped distribution of theta power change after administration of DD9 with new spectral analysis parameters. The vertical lines represent the mean and the 99% Confidence intervals of the distribution.FIG. 19: Distribution of the dose of DD9 needed to counteract the brain effect of 1 mg of intravenous morphine. The vertical lines represent the mean and the 99% Confidence intervals of the distribution.FIG. 20: Box plot with individual data points and connecting lines, showing the average theta power (in decibels, dB) under two conditions. The data points show individual values of thetapower in each condition. Connecting lines indicate changes in theta power for each subject from "Steady-state Remifentanil" to "After DD12.". The asterisk denotes statistical significance after a paired-t-test.FIG. 21 : Bootstrapped distribution of theta power change after administration of DD12. The vertical lines represent the mean and the 99% Confidence intervals of the distribution.FIG. 22: Distribution of the dose of DD12 needed to counteract the brain effect of 1 mg of intravenous morphine. The vertical lines represent the mean and the 99% Confidence intervals of the distribution.FIG. 23: Distribution of theta power change after administration of DD9. The vertical dashed line represents the mean of the distribution.FIG. 24: Counterfactual estimates for changes in max pain score in the PACU caused by decreases in EEG theta band power.FIG. 25: Counterfactual estimates for changes in max pain score 24 hours after surgery caused by decreases in EEG theta band power.FIG. 26: Counterfactual estimates for changes in max pain score during the hospital stay caused by decreases in EEG theta band power.FIG. 27: Counterfactual estimates for changes in the rate of PACU discharge caused by decreases in EEG theta band power.FIG. 28: Counterfactual estimates for changes in the rate of hospital discharge caused by decreases in EEG theta band power.FIG. 29: Mean concentration-time profiles of DD 10 in mouse plasma following oral administration of DD10 at 5 mg / kg with or without co-administration of Oxycodone at 2 mg / kg.FIG. 30: Mean concentration-time profiles of DD12 in mouse plasma following oral administration of DD12 at 5 mg / kg with or without co-administration of Oxycodone at 2 mg / kg.FIG. 31 : Mean concentration-time profiles of Oxycodone in mouse plasma following oral administration of Oxycodone at dose 2 mg / kg with or without co-administration of DD10 at 5 mg / kg or DD12 at 5 mg / kg.FIG. 32A and 32B: Vertical counts in groups receiving Oxycodone and DD10. 32A) Oxycodone 2 mg / kg and DD10 at doses: 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 mg / kg. 32B) Oxycodone 2 mg / kg and DD10 at doses: 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 mg / kg. Hypoactivity, indicated by a significant reduction in vertical counts, was observed at doses of 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 mg / kg.FIG. 33: Vertical counts in groups receiving DD10 at doses: 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 mg / kg. Hypoactivity, indicated by a significant reduction in vertical counts, was observed at oxycodone + DD10 at doses of 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg / kg.FIG. 34: Vertical counts in groups receiving DD12 at doses: 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg / kg. No significant differences in vertical count were observed between vehicle and treatment groups.FIG. 35: Vertical count in groups receiving vehicle, oxycodone (2 mg / kg) and oxycodone combined with DD12 at following doses: 10, 20, 40 and 100 mg / kg. No significant differences in vertical count were observed between vehicle and treatment groups.FIG. 36: Vertical count in groups receiving vehicle, oxycodone (2 mg / kg) and oxycodone combined with DD12 100 mg / kg.FIG. 37: Conditioned place preference for each condition, represented as the time in chamber for vehicle, oxycodone (2 mg / kg), Oxycodone + DD10 (0.005 mg / kg, PO), Oxycodone + DD10 (0.025 mg / kg, PO), Oxycodone + DD10 (0.05 mg / kg, PO), Oxycodone + DD12 (20 mg / kg, PO), Oxycodone + DD 12 (30 mg / kg, PO), Oxycodone + DD12 (40 mg / kg, PO) and Oxycodone + DD12 (60 mg / kg, PO).FIG. 38: Relationship between DD10 dose and oxycodone-induced conditioned place preference. For each DD10 dose condition, we plotted the mean with the 95% CI calculated by bootstrap. The linear regression line of the raw data is overlaid.FIG. 39: Relationship between DD12 dose and oxycodone-induced conditioned place preference. For each DD12 dose condition, we plotted the mean with the 95% CI calculated by bootstrap. The linear regression line of the raw data is overlaid.FIG. 40: Estimated plasma concentration of olanzapine. For these models, a 2.5 and 30 mg olanzapine equivalent dose was administered at varying dosing schedules to mirror the frequency of opioid administration to treat acute and chronic pain. Curves for three weights (50 kg, 70 kg, and 100 kg) are plotted. The plasma concentration model for olanzapine does not depend on weight, and therefore all three curves are identical. A dashed horizontal line is placed at the olanzapine equivalent side effect plasma concentration.FIG. 41 : Estimated plasma concentration of aripiprazole. For these models, a 2.5 and 30 mg olanzapine equivalent dose was administered at varying dosing schedules to mirror the frequency of opioid administration to treat acute and chronic pain. Curves for three weights (50 kg, 70 kg,and 100 kg) are plotted. A dashed horizontal line is placed at the olanzapine equivalent side effect plasma concentration.FIG. 42: Estimated plasma concentration of quetiapine. For these models, a 2.5 and 30 mg olanzapine equivalent dose was administered at varying dosing schedules to mirror the frequency of opioid administration to treat acute and chronic pain. Curves for three weights (50 kg, 70 kg, and 100 kg) are plotted. The plasma concentration model for quetiapine does not depend on weight, and therefore all three curves are identical. A dashed horizontal line is placed at the olanzapine equivalent side effect plasma concentration.FIG. 43: Estimated plasma concentration of risperidone. For these models, a 2.5 and 30 mg olanzapine equivalent dose was administered at varying dosing schedules to mirror the frequency of opioid administration to treat acute and chronic pain. Curves for three weights (50 kg, 70 kg, and 100 kg) are plotted. A dashed horizontal line is placed at the olanzapine equivalent side effect plasma concentration.FIG. 44: Estimated plasma concentration of ziprasidone. For these models, a 2.5 and 30 mg olanzapine equivalent dose was administered at varying dosing schedules to mirror the frequency of opioid administration to treat acute and chronic pain. Curves for three weights (50 kg, 70 kg, and 100 kg) are plotted. A dashed horizontal line is placed at the olanzapine equivalent side effect plasma concentration.FIG. 45: Estimated plasma concentration of droperidol. For these models, a 0.08 mg, 4.29 mg, and 8.58 mg oral dose was administered at varying dosing schedules to mirror the frequency of opioid administration to treat acute and chronic pain. Curves for three weights (50 kg, 70 kg, and 100 kg) are plotted. A dashed horizontal line is placed at the olanzapine equivalent side effect plasma concentration.FIG. 46: Estimated plasma concentration of amisulpride. For these models, a 0.58 mg, 25.67 mg, and 51.34 mg oral dose was administered at varying dosing schedules to mirror the frequency of opioid administration to treat acute and chronic pain. Curves for three weights (50 kg, 70 kg, and 100 kg) are plotted. A dashed horizontal line is placed at the plasma concentration listed by laboratory guidelines as the threshold for high amisulpride levels.FIG. 47: Plasma concentration of amisulpride in mice after a 5 mg / kg oral dose.FIG. 48: Estimated human plasma concentration of amisulpride at proposed doses when paired with oxycodone. We estimated the plasma concentration in humans after a single administrationof oral amisulpride at the lower and upper limits of doses proposed to pair with commonly prescribed oxycodone doses: 0.58 mg and 102.68 mg. We also plotted the estimated mouse plasma concentration of DD12 that eliminated the behavioral effects induced by oxycodone: 30-60 mg / kg. We then shaded plasma concentrations above 852 ng / mL which represent the estimated initial sedative mouse plasma concentrations derived from our mice activity chamber experiments.FIG. 49: Estimated human plasma concentration of amisulpride at proposed doses when paired with hydrocodone. We estimated the plasma concentration in humans after a single administration of oral amisulpride at the lower and upper limits of doses proposed to pair with commonly prescribed hydrocodone doses: 0.39 mg and 84.71 mg. We also plotted the estimated mouse plasma concentration of DD12 that eliminated the behavioral effects induced by oxycodone: 30- 60 mg / kg. We then shaded plasma concentrations above 852 ng / mL which represent the estimated initial sedative mouse plasma concentrations derived from our mice activity chamber experiments. FIG. 50: Estimated human plasma concentration of amisulpride at proposed doses when paired with morphine. We estimated the plasma concentration in humans after a single administration of oral amisulpride at the lower and upper limits of doses proposed to pair with commonly prescribed morphine doses: 0.77 and 101.66 mg. We also plotted the estimated mouse plasma concentration of DD12 that eliminated the behavioral effects induced by oxycodone: 30-60 mg / kg. We then shaded plasma concentrations above 852 ng / mL which represent the estimated initial sedative mouse plasma concentrations derived from our mice activity chamber experiments.FIG. 51 : Estimated human plasma concentration of amisulpride at maximum proposed doses when paired with commonly prescribed oral opioids. We estimated the plasma concentration in humans after a single administration of oral amisulpride at the lower and upper limits of maximum doses proposed to pair with commonly prescribed opioid doses: 169.42 mg and 338.86 mg. We also plotted the estimated mouse plasma concentration of DD12 that eliminated the behavioral effects induced by oxycodone: 30-60 mg / kg. We then shaded plasma concentrations above 852 ng / mL which represent the estimated initial sedative mouse plasma concentrations derived from our mice activity chamber experiments.FIG. 52: Plasma concentration of droperidol in mice after a 5 mg / kg oral dose.FIG. 53: Estimated human plasma concentration of droperidol at proposed doses when paired with oxycodone. We estimated the plasma concentration in humans after a single administration of oral droperidol at the lower and upper limits of doses proposed to pair with commonly prescribedoxycodone doses: 0.08 mg and 17.16 mg. We also plotted the estimated mouse plasma concentration of DD10 that eliminated the behavioral effects induced by oxycodone: 0.005-0.05 mg / kg. We then shaded plasma concentrations above 44 ng / mL which represent the estimated initial sedative mouse plasma concentrations derived from our mice activity chamber experiments. FIG. 54: Estimated human plasma concentration of droperidol at proposed doses when paired with hydrocodone. We estimated the plasma concentration in humans after a single administration of oral droperidol at the lower and upper limits of doses proposed to pair with commonly prescribed hydrocodone doses: 0.05 mg and 14.16 mg. We also plotted the estimated mouse plasma concentration of DD10 that eliminated the behavioral effects induced by oxycodone: 0.005-0.05 mg / kg. We then shaded plasma concentrations above 44 ng / mL which represent the estimated initial sedative mouse plasma concentrations derived from our mice activity chamber experiments. FIG. 55: Estimated human plasma concentration of droperidol at proposed doses when paired with morphine. We estimated the plasma concentration in humans after a single administration of oral droperidol at the lower and upper limits of doses proposed to pair with commonly prescribed morphine doses: 2.83 mg and 16.99 mg. We also plotted the estimated mouse plasma concentration of DD10 that eliminated the behavioral effects induced by morphine: 0.005-0.05 mg / kg. We then shaded plasma concentrations above 44 ng / mL which represent the estimated initial sedative mouse plasma concentrations derived from our mice activity chamber experiments.FIG. 56: Plasma concentration of oxycodone in mice after a 2 mg / kg oral dose.FIG. 57: Estimated human plasma concentration of oxycodone after a single oral dose. We estimated the plasma concentration in humans after a single administration of oral oxycodone at two doses: 2.5 mg and 40 mg. We also plotted the estimated mouse plasma concentration of oxycodone whose behavioral effects induced in mice were eliminated with a paired dose of amisulpride.FIGS. 58A and 58B: Visual Analog Scale scores and EEG theta power differences observed in a patient who received DD10 under a continuous infusion of remifentanil.FIG. 59 illustrates study procedures.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTSDefinitionsListed below are definitions of various terms used to describe this disclosure. These definitions apply to the terms as they are used throughout this specification, unless otherwise limited in specific instances, either individually or as part of a larger group.As used herein, the terms “a” or “an” means that “at least one” or “one or more” unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The phrase “and / or,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, should be understood to mean “either or both” of the elements so conjoined, i.e., elements that are conjunctively present in some cases and disjunctively present in other cases. Other elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified by the “and / or” clause, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified unless clearly indicated to the contrary. Thus, as a non-limiting example, a reference to “A and / or B,” when used in conjunction with open-ended language such as “comprising” can refer, in various embodiments, to A without B (optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to B without A (optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to both A and B (optionally including other elements); etc.The term “or” as used herein shall only be interpreted as indicating exclusive alternatives (i.e., “one or the other but not both”) when preceded by terms of exclusivity, “either,” “one of,” “only one of,” or “exactly one of”As used herein, the terms “comprising” (and any form of comprising, such as “comprise,” “comprises,” and “comprised”), “having” (and any form of having, such as “have” and “has”), “including” (and any form of including, such as “includes” and “include”), or “containing” (and any form of containing, such as “contains” and “contain”), are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps.As used herein, the term “about” means that the numerical value is approximate and small variations would not significantly affect the practice of the disclosed embodiments. Where a numerical limitation is used, unless indicated otherwise by the context, “about” means the numerical value can vary by ±10%, ± / -5%, ± / -4%, + / -3%, + / -2%, ± / -l%, and remain within the scope of the disclosed embodiments.The abbreviations used herein have their conventional meaning within the chemical and biological arts. The chemical structures and formulae set forth herein are constructed according to the standard rules of chemical valency known in the chemical arts.References in the specification and concluding claims to parts by weight of a particular element or component in a composition denotes the weight relationship between the element or component and any other elements or components in the composition or article for which a part by weight is expressed. Thus, in a compound containing 2 parts by weight of component X and 5 parts by weight component Y, X and Y are present at a weight ratio of 2:5, and are present in such ratio regardless of whether additional components are contained in the compound.A weight percent (wt. %) of a component, unless specifically stated to the contrary, is based on the total weight of the formulation or composition in which the component is included.As used herein, the terms “optional” or “optionally” mean that the subsequently described event or circumstance can or cannot occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not.As used herein, the term “diagnosed” means having been subjected to a physical examination by a person of skill, for example, a physician, and found to have a condition that can be diagnosed or treated by the compounds, compositions, or methods disclosed herein. In some embodiments of the disclosed methods, the subject has been diagnosed with a need for treatment of a disorder associated with opioid use such as, for example, opioid liking, opioid use disorder, prior to the administering step. As used herein, the phrase “identified to be in need of treatment for a disorder,” or the like, refers to selection of a subject based upon need for treatment of the disorder. It is contemplated that the identification can, in some embodiments, be performed by a person different from the person making the diagnosis. It is also contemplated, in further embodiments, that the administration can be performed by one who subsequently performed the administration.As used herein, the terms “administering” and “administration” refer to any method of providing a pharmaceutical preparation to a subject. Such methods are well known to those skilled in the art and include, but are not limited to, oral administration, transdermal administration, administration by inhalation, nasal administration, topical administration, intravaginal administration, ophthalmic administration, intraaural administration, intracerebral administration, rectal administration, and parenteral administration, including injectable such as intravenous administration, intra-arterial administration, intramuscular administration, and subcutaneous administration. Administration can be continuous or intermittent. In various embodiments, a preparation can be administered therapeutically; that is, administered to treat an existing disease or condition. In further variousembodiments, a preparation can be administered prophylactically; that is, administered for prevention of a disease or condition.The term “contacting” as used herein refers to bringing a disclosed compound and a cell, target receptor, or other biological entity together in such a manner that the compound can affect the activity of the target (e.g., receptor, cell, etc.), either directly; i.e., by interacting with the target itself, or indirectly; i.e., by interacting with another molecule, co-factor, factor, or protein on which the activity of the target is dependent.As used herein, “IC50,” is intended to refer to the concentration of a substance (e.g., a compound or a drug) that is required for about 50% inhibition of a biological process, or component of a process, including a protein, subunit, organelle, ribonucleoprotein, etc. In some embodiments, an IC50 can refer to the concentration of a substance that is required for about 50% inhibition in vivo, as further defined elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, an IC50 can refer to the concentration of a substance that is required for about 40% inhibition in vivo, as further defined elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, an IC50 can refer to the concentration of a substance that is required for about 30% inhibition in vivo, as further defined elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, an IC50 can refer to the concentration of a substance that is required for about 20% inhibition in vivo, as further defined elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, an IC50 can refer to the concentration of a substance that is required for about 10% inhibition in vivo, as further defined elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, an IC50 can refer to the concentration of a substance that is required for about 60% inhibition in vivo, as further defined elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, inhibition is inhibition of any one or more of DI, D2, D3, D4, and / or D5 dopamine receptor.As used herein, “EC50,” is intended to refer to the concentration of a substance (e.g., a compound or a drug) that is results in a half-maximal response (i.e., 50% of the maximum response) of a biological process, or component of a process, including a protein, subunit, organelle, ribonucleoprotein, etc. In some embodiments, an EC50 can refer to the concentration of a substance that is required to achieve about 50% of the maximum response in vivo, as further defined elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, an EC50 can refer to the concentration of a substance that is required to achieve about 10% of the maximum response in vivo, as further defined elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, an EC50 can refer to the concentration of a substance that is required to achieve about 20% of the maximum response in vivo, as further defined elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, an EC50 can refer to the concentration of asubstance that is required to achieve about 30% of the maximum response in vivo, as further defined elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, an EC50 can refer to the concentration of a substance that is required to achieve about 40% of the maximum response in vivo, as further defined elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, an EC50 can refer to the concentration of a substance that is required to achieve about 60% of the maximum response in vivo, as further defined elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, an EC50 can refer to the concentration of a substance that is required to achieve about 70% of the maximum response in vivo, as further defined elsewhere herein. In some embodiments maximum response is determined by measuring a drop in theta oscillations through an electroencephalogram. In some embodiments, the maximum response is determined by measuring the reduction in frequency of theta oscillations in the brain during an electroencephalogram from about 4 Hz to about 8 Hz. In some embodiments, the decrease in theta oscillation is about 8 Hz. In some embodiments, the decrease in theta oscillation is about 7 Hz. In some embodiments, the decrease in theta oscillation is about 6 Hz. In some embodiments, the decrease in theta oscillation is about 5 Hz. In some embodiments, the decrease in theta oscillation is about 4 Hz. In some embodiments, the decrease in theta oscillation no less than about 4 Hz.The compounds according to this disclosure may form prodrugs at hydroxyl or amino functionalities using alkoxy, amino acids, etc., groups as the prodrug forming moieties. For instance, the hydroxymethyl position may form mono-, di- or triphosphates and again these phosphates can form prodrugs. Preparations of such prodrug derivatives are discussed in various literature sources (examples are: Alexander et al., J. Med. Chem. 1988, 31, 318; Aligas-Martin et al., PCT WO 2000 / 041531, p. 30). The nitrogen function converted in preparing these derivatives is one (or more) of the nitrogen atoms of a compound of the disclosure.“Derivatives” of the compounds disclosed herein are pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, deuterated forms, radio-actively labeled forms, isomers, solvates and combinations thereof. The “combinations” mentioned in this context are refer to derivatives falling within at least two of the groups: pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, deuterated forms, radio-actively labeled forms, isomers, and solvates. Examples of radio-actively labeled forms include compounds labeled with tritium, phosphorous-32, iodine-129, carbon-11, fluorine-18, and the like.The term “leaving group” refers to an atom (or a group of atoms) with electron withdrawing ability that can be displaced as a stable species, taking with it the bonding electrons. Examples of suitableleaving groups include sulfonate esters, including triflate, mesylate, tosylate, brosylate, and halides.As used herein, the term “substituted” is contemplated to include all permissible substituents of organic compounds. In a broad embodiment, the permissible substituents include acyclic and cyclic, branched and unbranched, carbocyclic and heterocyclic, and aromatic and nonaromatic substituents of organic compounds. Illustrative substituents include, for example, those described below. The permissible substituents can be one or more and the same or different for appropriate organic compounds. For purposes of this disclosure, the heteroatoms, such as nitrogen, can have hydrogen substituents and / or any permissible substituents of organic compounds described herein which satisfy the valences of the heteroatoms. This disclosure is not intended to be limited in any manner by the permissible substituents of organic compounds. Also, the terms “substitution” or “substituted with” include the implicit proviso that such substitution is in accordance with permitted valence of the substituted atom and the substituent, and that the substitution results in a stable compound, e.g., a compound that does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc. It is also contemplated that, in certain embodiments, unless expressly indicated to the contrary, individual substituents can be further optionally substituted (i.e., further substituted or unsubstituted).In defining various terms, “Al,” “A2,” “A3,” and “A4” are used herein as generic symbols to represent various specific substituents. These symbols can be any substituent, not limited to those disclosed herein, and when they are defined to be certain substituents in one instance, they can, in another instance, be defined as some other substituents.The terms “halo” and “halogen” as used herein refer to an atom selected from fluorine (fluoro, -F), chlorine (chloro, -Cl), bromine (bromo, -Br), and iodine (iodo, -I).The term “aliphatic” or “aliphatic group,” as used herein, denotes a hydrocarbon moiety that may be straight-chain (i.e., unbranched), branched, or cyclic (including fused, bridging, and spirofused polycyclic) and may be completely saturated or may contain one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic. Unless otherwise specified, aliphatic groups contain 1-20 carbon atoms. Aliphatic groups include, but are not limited to, linear or branched, alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups, and hybrids thereof such as (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (cycloalkenyl)alkyl or (cycloalkyl)alkenyl. The term “alkyl,” as used herein, refers to a monovalent saturated, straight- or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical, having unless otherwise specified, 1-6 carbon atoms. Examples of alkylradicals include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, tert-pentyl, neopentyl, sec-pentyl, 3-pentyl, sec-isopentyl, hexyl, 2- methylpentane, 3 -methylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, 2,3-dimentybutane and the like. The alkyl group can also be substituted or unsubstituted. For example, the alkyl group can be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, amino, ether, halide, hydroxy, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, or thiol, as described herein. A “lower alkyl” group is an alkyl group containing from one to six (e.g., from one to four) carbon atoms. The term alkyl group can also be a Cl alkyl, C1-C2 alkyl, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C7 alkyl, C1-C8 alkyl, C1-C9 alkyl, C1-C10 alkyl, and the like up to and including a C1-C24 alkyl.Throughout the specification “alkyl” is generally used to refer to both unsubstituted alkyl groups and substituted alkyl groups; however, substituted alkyl groups are also specifically referred to herein by identifying the specific substituent(s) on the alkyl group. For example, the term “halogenated alkyl” or “haloalkyl” specifically refers to an alkyl group that is substituted with one or more halide, e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. Alternatively, the term “monohaloalkyl” specifically refers to an alkyl group that is substituted with a single halide, e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The term “polyhaloalkyl” specifically refers to an alkyl group that is independently substituted with two or more halides, i.e. each halide substituent need not be the same halide as another halide substituent, nor do the multiple instances of a halide substituent need to be on the same carbon. The term “alkoxyalkyl” specifically refers to an alkyl group that is substituted with one or more alkoxy groups, as described below. The term “aminoalkyl” specifically refers to an alkyl group that is substituted with one or more amino groups. The term “hydroxyalkyl” specifically refers to an alkyl group that is substituted with one or more hydroxy groups. When “alkyl” is used in one instance and a specific term such as “hydroxyalkyl” is used in another, it is not meant to imply that the term “alkyl” does not also refer to specific terms such as “hydroxyalkyl” and the like.This practice is also used for other groups described herein. That is, while a term such as “cycloalkyl” refers to both unsubstituted and substituted cycloalkyl moieties, the substituted moieties can, in addition, be specifically identified herein; for example, a particular substituted cycloalkyl can be referred to as, e.g., an “alkylcycloalkyl.” Similarly, a substituted alkoxy can be specifically referred to as, e.g., a “halogenated alkoxy,” a particular substituted alkenyl can be, e g., an “alkenylalcohol,” and the like. Again, the practice of using a general term, such as“cycloalkyl,” and a specific term, such as “alkylcycloalkyl,” is not meant to imply that the general term does not also include the specific term.The term “alkenyl” as used herein is a hydrocarbon group of from 2 to 24 carbon atoms with a structural formula containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Asymmetric structures such as (Al A2)C=C(A3A4) are intended to include both the E and Z isomers. This can be presumed in structural formulae herein wherein an asymmetric alkene is present, or it can be explicitly indicated by the bond symbol C=C. The alkenyl group can be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, azide, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, or thiol, as described herein.The term “alkynyl” as used herein is a hydrocarbon group of 2 to 24 carbon atoms with a structural formula containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. The alkynyl group can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, azide, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, or thiol, as described herein. The term “heteroalkyl,” as used herein refers to an alkyl group containing at least one heteroatom. Suitable heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, O, N, Si, P, and S, wherein the nitrogen, phosphorous and sulfur atoms are optionally oxidized, and the nitrogen heteroatom is optionally quaternized. Heteroalkyls can be substituted as defined above for alkyl groups.The term “haloalkyl” includes mono, poly, and perhaloalkyl groups where the halogens are independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.“Alkoxy” is an alkyl group which is attached to another moiety via an oxygen linker (-O(alkyl)). Non-limiting examples include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, and butoxy.“Haloalkoxy” is a haloalkyl group which is attached to another moiety via an oxygen atom such as, e.g., but are not limited to -OCHCF2 or -OCF3.The term “9- to 10-membered carbocyclyl” means a 9- or 10- membered monocyclic, bicyclic (e g., a bridged or spiro bicyclic ring), polycyclic (e.g., tricyclic), or fused hydrocarbon ring system that is saturated or partially unsaturated. The term “9- to 10-membered carbocyclyl” also includes saturated or partially unsaturated hydrocarbon rings that are fused to one or more aromatic or partically saturated hydrocarbon rings (e.g., dihydroindenyl and tetrahydronaphthalenyl). Bridged bicyclic cycloalkyl groups include, without limitation, bicyclo[4.3.1]decanyl and the like. Spirobicyclic cycloalkyl groups include, e.g., spiro[3.6]decanyl, spiro[4.5]decanyl, spiro [4.4]nonyl and the like. Fused cycloalkyl rings include, e.g., decahydronaphthalenyl, dihydroindenyl, decahydroazulenyl, octahydroazulenyl, tetrahydronaphthalenyl, and the like. It will be understood that when specified, optional substituents on a carbocyclyl (e.g., in the case of an optionally substituted cycloalkyl) may be present on any substitutable position and, include, e g., the position at which the carbocyclyl group is attached.The term “cycloalkyl” as used herein is a non-aromatic carbon-based ring composed of at least three carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, norbomyl, and the like. The term “heterocycloalkyl” is a type of cycloalkyl group as defined above, and is included within the meaning of the term “cycloalkyl,” where at least one of the carbon atoms of the ring is replaced with a heteroatom such as, but not limited to, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or phosphorus. The cycloalkyl group and heterocycloalkyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. The cycloalkyl group and heterocycloalkyl group can be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, amino, ether, halide, hydroxy, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, or thiol as described herein. In various aspects, the cycloalkyl group and heterocycloalkyl group can be monocyclic, bicyclic (e.g., bridged such as, for example, bicyclo[4.3.1]decanyl or spiro such as, for example, spiro[3.6]decanyl, spiro[4.5]decanyl, spiro [4.4]nonyl), polycyclic (e.g., tricyclic), or a fused hydrocarbon ring system that is saturated or partially unsaturated (e.g., decahydronaphthalenyl, dihydroindenyl, decahydroazulenyl, octahydroazulenyl, tetrahydronaphthalenyl).The term “cycloalkenyl” as used herein is a non-aromatic carbon-based ring composed of at least three carbon atoms and containing at least one carbon-carbon double bound, i.e., C=C. Examples of cycloalkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, norbomenyl, and the like. The term “heterocycloalkenyl” is a type of cycloalkenyl group as defined above, and is included within the meaning of the term “cycloalkenyl,” where at least one of the carbon atoms of the ring is replaced with a heteroatom such as, but not limited to, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or phosphorus. The cycloalkenyl group and heterocycloalkenyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. The cycloalkenyl group and heterocycloalkenyl group can be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl,cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, azide, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, or thiol as described herein.The term “cycloalkynyl” as used herein is a non-aromatic carbon-based ring composed of at least seven carbon atoms and containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bound. Examples of cycloalkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, cycloheptynyl, cyclooctynyl, cyclononynyl, and the like. The term “heterocycloalkynyl” is a type of cycloalkenyl group as defined above, and is included within the meaning of the term “cycloalkynyl,” where at least one of the carbon atoms of the ring is replaced with a heteroatom such as, but not limited to, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or phosphorus. The cycloalkynyl group and heterocycloalkynyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. The cycloalkynyl group and heterocycloalkynyl group can be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, azide, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, or thiol as described herein.The terms “heterocycle” or “heterocyclyl,” as used herein can be used interchangeably and refer to single and multi-cyclic aromatic or non-aromatic ring systems in which at least one of the ring members is other than carbon. Thus, the term is inclusive of, but not limited to, “heterocycloalkyl,” “heteroaryl,” “bicyclic heterocycle,” and “polycyclic heterocycle.” The heterocycle can be monocyclic, bicyclic (e.g., spiro or bridged), polycyclic, or a fused system that is saturated or partially saturated. Heterocycle includes pyridine, pyrimidine, furan, thiophene, pyrrole, isoxazole, isothiazole, pyrazole, oxazole, thiazole, imidazole, oxazole, including, 1,2, 3 -oxadiazole, 1,2,5- oxadiazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole, thiadiazole, including, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole, and 1,3,4-thiadiazole, triazole, including, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,3,4-triazole, tetrazole, including 1, 2,3,4- tetrazole and 1,2,4,5-tetrazole, pyridazine, pyrazine, triazine, including 1,2,4-triazine and 1,3,5- triazine, tetrazine, including 1,2,4,5-tetrazine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, azetidine, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, and the like. The term heterocyclyl group can also be a C2 heterocyclyl, C2-C3 heterocyclyl, C2-C4 heterocyclyl, C2-C5 heterocyclyl, C2- C6 heterocyclyl, C2-C7 heterocyclyl, C2-C8 heterocyclyl, C2-C9 heterocyclyl, C2-C10 heterocyclyl, C2-C11 heterocyclyl, and the like up to and including a C2-C18 heterocyclyl. For example, a C2 heterocyclyl comprises a group which has two carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom, including, but not limited to, aziridinyl, diazetidinyl, dihydrodiazetyl, oxiranyl, thiiranyl, and the like. Alternatively, for example, a C5 heterocyclyl comprises a group which hasfive carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom, including, but not limited to, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, diazepanyl, pyridinyl, and the like. It is understood that a heterocyclyl group may be bound either through a heteroatom in the ring, where chemically possible, or one of carbons comprising the heterocyclyl ring.The term “bicyclic heterocycle” or “bicyclic heterocyclyl,” as used herein refers to a ring system in which at least one of the ring members is other than carbon. Bicyclic heterocyclyl encompasses ring systems wherein an aromatic ring is fused with another aromatic ring, or wherein an aromatic ring is fused with a non-aromatic ring. Bicyclic heterocyclyl encompasses ring systems wherein a benzene ring is fused to a 5- or a 6-membered ring containing 1 , 2 or 3 ring heteroatoms or wherein a pyridine ring is fused to a 5- or a 6-membered ring containing 1, 2 or 3 ring heteroatoms. Bicyclic heterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to, indolyl, indazolyl, pyrazolo[l,5-a]pyridinyl, benzofuranyl, quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, 2,3-dihydro-l,4-benzodioxinyl, 3,4- dihydro-2H-chromenyl, lH-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-3-yl; lH-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-3-yl; and 1H- pyrazolo[3, 2-b]pyri din-3 -yl.The term “heterocycloalkyl” as used herein refers to an aliphatic, partially unsaturated or fully saturated, 3- to 14-membered ring system, including single rings of about 3 to about 8 atoms and bi- and tricyclic ring systems. The heterocycloalkyl ring-systems include one to four heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, wherein a nitrogen and sulfur heteroatom optionally can be oxidized and a nitrogen heteroatom optionally can be substituted. Representative heterocycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, and tetrahydrofuryl.The term “9-membered fused heterocyclyl” means a 9-membered saturated or partially unsaturated fused monocyclic heterocyclic ring comprising at least one oxygen heteroatom and optionally two to four additional heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S. The terms “heterocycle,” “heterocyclyl,” “heterocyclyl ring,” “heterocyclic group,” “heterocyclic moiety,” and “heterocyclic radical,” are used interchangeably herein. A heterocyclyl ring can be attached to its pendant group at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in a stable structure. Examples of fused saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic radicals compristing at least one oxygen atom include, without limitation, dihydrobenzofuranyl, dihydrofuropyridinyl, octahydrobenzofuranyl, and the like. Where specified as being optionally substituted, substituents on a heterocyclyl (e.g.,in the case of an optionally substituted heterocyclyl) may be present on any substitutable position and include, e.g., the position at which the heterocyclyl group is attached.The term “aromatic group” as used herein refers to a ring structure having cyclic clouds of delocalized it electrons above and below the plane of the molecule, where the it clouds contain (4n+2) TI electrons. A further discussion of aromaticity is found in Morrison and Boyd, Organic Chemistry, (5th Ed., 1987), Chapter 13, entitled “Aromaticity,” pages 477-497, incorporated herein by reference. The term “aromatic group” is inclusive of both aryl and heteroaryl groups.The term “aryl” as used herein is a group that contains any carbon-based aromatic group including, but not limited to, benzene, naphthalene, phenyl, biphenyl, anthracene, and the like. The aryl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. The aryl group can be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aldehyde, — NH2, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, azide, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, or thiol as described herein. The term “biaryl” is a specific type of aryl group and is included in the definition of “aryl.” In addition, the aryl group can be a single ring structure or comprise multiple ring structures that are either fused ring structures or attached via one or more bridging groups such as a carbon-carbon bond. For example, biaryl can be two aryl groups that are bound together via a fused ring structure, as in naphthalene, or are attached via one or more carbon-carbon bonds, as in biphenyl.The term “heteroaryl,” as used herein refers to an aromatic group that has at least one heteroatom incorporated within the ring of the aromatic group. Examples of heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus, where N-oxides, sulfur oxides, and dioxides are permissible heteroatom substitutions. The heteroaryl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. The heteroaryl group can be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, amino, ether, halide, hydroxy, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, or thiol as described herein. Heteroaryl groups can be monocyclic, or alternatively fused ring systems. Heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrimidinyl, tetrazolyl, thienyl, pyridinyl, pyrrolyl, N-methylpyrrolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, benzofuranyl, benzodi oxolyl, benzothiophenyl, indolyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, and pyrazolopyrimidinyl. Further not limiting examples of heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiophenyl,pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, benzo[d]oxazolyl, benzo[d]thiazolyl, quinolinyl, quinazolinyl, indazolyl, imidazo[l,2-b]pyridazinyl, imidazo[l,2-a]pyrazinyl, benzo[c][l,2,5]thiadiazolyl, benzo[c][l,2,5]oxadiazolyl, and pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazinyl.The term “5- or 6- membered heteroaryl” refers to a 5- or 6-membered aromatic radical containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S. Nonlimiting examples include thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, etc. When specified, optional substituents on a heteroaryl group may be present on any substitutable position and, include, e.g., the position at which the heteroaryl is attached.The term “aldehyde” as used herein is represented by the formula — C(O)H. Throughout this specification “C(O)” is a short hand notation for a carbonyl group, i.e., C=O.The terms “amine” or “amino” as used herein are represented by the formula — NA1A2, where Al and A2 can be, independently, hydrogen or alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group as described herein. A specific example of amino is — NH2. The term “alkylamino” as used herein is represented by the formula — NH(-alkyl) where alkyl is a described herein. Representative examples include, but are not limited to, methylamino group, ethylamino group, propylamino group, isopropylamino group, butylamino group, isobutylamino group, (sec-butyl)amino group, (tert-butyl )amino group, pentylamino group, isopentylamino group, (tert-pentyl)amino group, hexylamino group, and the like.The term “dialkylamino” as used herein is represented by the formula — N(-alkyl)2 where alkyl is a described herein. Representative examples include, but are not limited to, dimethylamino group, diethylamino group, dipropylamino group, diisopropylamino group, dibutylamino group, diisobutylamino group, di(sec-butyl)amino group, di(tert-butyl)amino group, dipentylamino group, diisopentylamino group, di(tert-pentyl)amino group, dihexylamino group, N-ethyl-N- methylamino group, N-methyl-N-propylamino group, N-ethyl-N-propylamino group and the like. The term “carboxylic acid” as used herein is represented by the formula — C(O)OH.The term “ester” as used herein is represented by the formula — OC(O)A1 or — C(O)OA1, where Al can be alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group as described herein. The term “polyester” as used herein is represented by the formula — (AlO(O)C-A2-C(O)O)a— or — (A10(0)C-A2-0C(0))a— , where Al and A2 can be, independently, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, orheteroaryl group described herein and “a” is an integer from about 1 to about 500. “Polyester” is as the term used to describe a group that is produced by the reaction between a compound having at least two carboxylic acid groups with a compound having at least two hydroxyl groups.The term “ether” as used herein is represented by the formula A1OA2, where Al and A2 can be, independently, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group described herein. The term “polyether” as used herein is represented by the formula — (A10-A20)a — , where Al and A2 can be, independently, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group described herein and “a” is an integer of from 1 to 500. Examples of polyether groups include polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, and polybutylene oxide.As described herein, compounds of the disclosure may contain “optionally substituted” moieties. In general, the term “substituted,” whether preceded by the term “optionally” or not, means that one or more hydrogens of the designated moiety are replaced with a suitable substituent. Unless otherwise indicated, an “optionally substituted” group may have a suitable substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure may be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at every position. Combinations of substituents envisioned by this disclosure are preferably those that result in the formation of stable or chemically feasible compounds. In is also contemplated that, in certain embodiments, unless expressly indicated to the contrary, individual substituents can be further optionally substituted (i.e., further substituted or unsubstituted).In some embodiments, a structure of a compound can be represented by a formula:which is understood to be equivalent to a formula:wherein n is typically an integer. That is, R” is understood to represent five independent substituents, Rn(a), Rn(b), Rn(c), Rn(d), Rn(e). In each such case, each of the five Rncan be hydrogen ora recited substituent. By “independent substituents,” it is meant that each R substituent can be independently defined. For example, if in one instance R”(a)is halogen, then Rn(b)is not necessarily halogen in that instance.In some yet further embodiments, a structure of a compound can be represented by a formula:wherein Ryrepresents, for example, 0-2 independent substituents selected from A1, A2, and A3, which is understood to be equivalent to the groups of formulae: wherein Ryrepresents 0 independent substituentswherein Ryrepresents 1 independent substituentwherein Ryrepresents 2 independent substituentsAgain, by “independent substituents,” it is meant that each R substituent can be independently defined. For example, if in one instance Ryl is Al, then Ry2 is not necessarily Al in that instance. In some further embodiments, a structure of a compound can be represented by a formula,wherein, for example, Q comprises three substituents independently selected from hydrogen and A, which is understood to be equivalent to a formula:Again, by “independent substituents,” it is meant that each Q substituent is independently defined as hydrogen or A, wherein Q comprises three substituents independently selected from H and A which is understood to be equivalent to the groups of formulae:In some embodiments, the disclosed compounds exists as geometric isomers. “Geometric isomer” refers to isomers that differ in the orientation of substituent atoms in relationship to a cycloalkylring, i.e., cis or trans isomers. When a disclosed compound is named or depicted by structure without indicating a particular cis or trans geometric isomer form, it is to be understood that the name or structure encompasses one geometric isomer free of other geometric isomers, mixtures of geometric isomers, or mixtures enriched in one geometric isomer relative to its corresponding geometric isomer. When a particular geometric isomer is depicted, i.e., cis or trans, the depicted isomer is at least about 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99%, or 99.9% by weight pure relative to the other geometric isomer.The compounds described herein may be present in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts. For use in medicines, the salts of the compounds described herein refer to nontoxic “pharmaceutically acceptable salts.” Pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms include pharmaceutically acceptable acidic / anionic or basic / cationic salts. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the compounds described herein include e g., salts of inorganic acids (such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic, phosphoric, nitric, and sulfuric acids) and of organic acids (such as, acetic acid, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, methanesulfonic, and p- toluenesulfonic acids). Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts include e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium, ammonium, organic amino, or magnesium salt. Specific pharmaceutical salts include, but are not limited to, salts of acids such as hydrochloric, phosphoric, hydrobromic, malic, glycolic, fumaric, sulfuric, sulfamic, suifanilic, formic, toluenesulfonie, methanesulfonic, benzene sulfonic, ethane disulfonic, 2- hydroxyethyl sulfonic, nitric, benzoic, 2- acetoxybenzoic, citric, tartaric, lactic, stearic, salicylic, glutamic, ascorbic, pamoic, succinic, fumaric, maleic, propionic, hydroxymaleic, hydroiodic, phenyiacetic, alkanoic such as acetic, HOOC-(CH2)n-COOH where n is from about 0 to about 4, and the like.The term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to a non-toxic carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle that does not destroy the pharmacological activity of the compound with which it is formulated. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants or vehicles that may be used in the compositions described herein include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose, poly acrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, polyethylene glycol and wool fat.As used herein, the phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” means those compounds, materials, compositions, and / or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with tissues of humans and animals. In some embodiments, “pharmaceutically acceptable” means approved by a regulatory agency of the Federal or a state government or listed in the U.S. Pharmacopeia or other generally recognized pharmacopeia for use in animals, and more particularly in humans.As used herein and unless otherwise indicated, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug" means a derivative of a compound that can hydrolyze, oxidize, or otherwise react under biological conditions (in vitro or in vivo) to provide the compound. Examples of prodrugs include, but are not limited to, compounds that comprise biohydrolyzable moieties such as biohydrolyzable amides, biohydrolyzable esters, biohydrolyzable carbamates, biohydrolyzable carbonates, biohydrolyzable ureides, and biohydrolyzable phosphate analogues. Other examples of prodrugs include compounds that comprise oligonucleotides, peptides, lipids, aliphatic and aromatic groups, or NO, NO2, ONO, and ONO2 moieties. Prodrugs can typically be prepared using well known methods, such as those described in Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, pp. 172, 178, 949, 982 (Manfred E. Wolff ed., 5th ed. 1995), and Design of Prodrugs (H. Bundgaard ed., Elselvier, New York 1985).As used herein and unless otherwise indicated, the terms "biohydrolyzable amide," "biohydrolyzable ester," "biohydrolyzable carbamate," "biohydrolyzable carbonate," "biohydrolyzable ureide," "biohydrolyzable phosphate" mean an amide, ester, carbamate, carbonate, ureide, or phosphate, respectively, of a compound that either: 1) does not interfere with the biological activity of the compound but can confer upon that compound advantageous properties in vivo, such as uptake, duration of action, or onset of action; or 2) is biologically inactive but is converted in vivo to the biologically active compound. Examples of biohydrolyzable esters include, but are not limited to, lower alkyl esters, lower acyloxyalkyl esters (such as acetoxylmethyl, acetoxyethyl, aminocarbonyloxy-methyl, pivaloyloxymethyl, and pivaloyloxyethyl esters), lactonyl esters (such as phthalidyl and thiophthalidyl esters), lower alkoxyacyloxyalkyl esters (such as methoxycarbonyloxy-methyl, ethoxycarbonyloxy-ethyl and isopropoxycarbonyloxyethyl esters), alkoxyalkyl esters, choline esters, and acylamino alkyl esters(such as acetamidomethyl esters). Examples ofbiohydrolyzable amides include, but are not limited to, lower alkyl amides, a amino acid amides, alkoxyacyl amides, and alkylaminoalkyl-carbonyl amides. Examples of biohydrolyzable carbamates include, but are not limited to, lower alkylamines, substituted ethylenediamines, aminoacids, hydroxyalkylamines, heterocyclic and heteroaromatic amines, and polyether amines.Disease, disorder, and condition are used interchangeably herein.As used herein, the terms “treatment,” “treat,” and “treating” refer to reversing, alleviating, delaying the onset of, or inhibiting the progress of a disease or disorder, or one or more symptoms thereof, as described herein. In some embodiments, treatment may be administered after one or more symptoms have developed, i.e., therapeutic treatment. In other embodiments, treatment may be administered in the absence of symptoms. For example, treatment may be administered to a susceptible individual prior to the onset of symptoms (e g., in light of a history of symptoms and / or in light of exposure to a particular organism, or other susceptibility factors), i.e., prophylactic treatment. Treatment may also be continued after symptoms have resolved, for example to delay their recurrence.As used herein, the term “prevent” or “preventing” refers to precluding, averting, obviating, forestalling, stopping, or hindering something from happening, especially by advance action. It is understood that where reduce, inhibit, or prevent are used herein, unless specifically indicated otherwise, the use of the other two words is also expressly disclosed. The term “preventing” refers to preventing a disease, disorder, or condition from occurring in a human or an animal that may be predisposed to the disease, disorder and / or condition, but has not yet been diagnosed as having it; and / or inhibiting the disease, disorder, or condition, i.e., arresting its development.The term “effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount that is sufficient to achieve the desired result (e.g., that will elicit a biological or medical response of a subject. As a non-limiting example, a dosage from about 0.01 to about 100 mg / kg body weight / day) or to have an effect on an undesired condition. For example, a “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount that is sufficient to achieve the desired therapeutic result or to have an effect on undesired symptoms, but is generally insufficient to cause adverse side effects. The specific therapeutically effective dose level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the disorder being treated and the severity of the disorder; the specificcomposition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the patient; the time of administration; the route of administration; the rate of excretion of the specific compound employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination or coincidental with the specific compound employed and like factors well known in the medical arts. For example, it is well within the skill of the art to start doses of a compound at levels lower than those required to achieve the desired therapeutic effect and to gradually increase the dosage until the desired effect is achieved. If desired, the effective daily dose can be divided into multiple doses for purposes of administration. Consequently, single dose compositions can contain such amounts or submultiples thereof to make up the daily dose. The dosage can be adjusted by the individual physician in the event of any contraindications. Dosage can vary, and can be administered in one or more dose administrations daily, for one or several days. Guidance can be found in the literature for appropriate dosages for given classes of pharmaceutical products. In further various embodiments, a preparation can be administered in a “prophylactically effective amount”; that is, an amount effective for prevention of a disease or condition.As used herein, the term “salt” refers to acid or base salts of the compounds used in the methods of the present disclosure. Illustrative examples of acceptable salts are mineral acid (hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, and the like) salts, organic acid (acetic acid, propionic acid, glutamic acid, citric acid and the like) salts, quaternary ammonium (methyl iodide, ethyl iodide, and the like) salts.The terms “subject” and “patient” may be used interchangeably, and means a mammal in need of treatment, e.g., companion animals (e.g., dogs, cats, and the like), farm animals (e.g., cows, pigs, horses, sheep, goats and the like) and laboratory animals (e.g., rats, mice, guinea pigs and the like). In some embodiments, the subject is a human in need of treatment.The term “associated” or “associated with” in the context of a substance or substance activity or function associated with a disorder (e.g., a protein associated disease, a symptom associated with a opioid liking, opioid use disorder, or symptom associated with pain) means that the disease (e.g., opioid liking, opioid use disorder) is caused by (in whole or in part), or a symptom of the disease is caused by (in whole or in part) the substance or substance activity or function. For example, a symptom of a disease or condition associated with an elevated level of dopamine receptor activity may be a symptom that results (entirely or partially) from activation in the level of dopamine receptor activity. As used herein, what is described as being associated with a disease,if a causative agent, could be a target for treatment of the disease. For example, a disease associated with stimulation or persistent stimulation of an opioid receptor, may be treated with an agent (e.g., compound as described herein) effective for decreasing activity of the opioid by association with the receptor or indirectly by association with another receptor, such as a dopamine receptor.“Control” or “control experiment” is used in accordance with its plain ordinary meaning and refers to an experiment in which the subjects or reagents of the experiment are treated as in a parallel experiment except for omission of a procedure, reagent, or variable of the experiment. In some instances, the control is used as a standard of comparison in evaluating experimental effects.“Contacting” is used in accordance with its plain ordinary meaning and refers to the process of allowing at least two distinct species (e.g., chemical compounds including biomolecules, or cells) to become sufficiently proximal to react, interact or physically touch. It should be appreciated, however, that the resulting reaction product can be produced directly from a reaction between the added reagents or from an intermediate from one or more of the added reagents which can be produced in the reaction mixture. The term “contacting” may include allowing two species to react, interact, or physically touch, wherein the two species may be a compound as described herein and a protein or enzyme (e.g., dopamine antagonist to a dopamine receptor). In embodiments contacting includes allowing a compound described herein to interact with a protein or enzyme that is involved in a signaling pathway.As defined herein, the term “inhibition,” “inhibit,” “inhibiting,” and the like in reference to a protein-modulator (e.g., antagonist) interaction means negatively affecting (e.g., decreasing) the activity or function of the protein relative to the activity or function of the protein in the absence of the modulator. In embodiments inhibition refers to reduction of a disease or symptoms of disease. In embodiments, inhibition refers to a reduction in the activity of a signal transduction pathway or signaling pathway. Thus, inhibition includes, at least in part, partially or totally blocking stimulation, decreasing, preventing, or delaying activation, or inactivating, desensitizing, or down-regulating signal transduction or enzymatic activity or the amount of a protein.The symboldenotes the point of attachment of a chemical moiety to the remainder of a molecule or chemical formula.As defined herein, the term “activation,” “activate,” “activating” and the like in reference to a protein-activator (e.g., agonist) interaction means positively affecting (e g., increasing) the activity or function of the protein (e.g., an opioid receptor in respect to an opioid and a dopaminereceptor in respect to a dopamine agonist) relative to the activity or function of the protein in the absence of the activator (e.g., compound described herein). In embodiments, activation refers to an increase in the activity of a signal transduction pathway or signaling pathway (e.g., opioid receptor pathway). Thus, activation may include, at least in part, partially or totally increasing stimulation, increasing or enabling activation, or activating, sensitizing, or up-regulating signal transduction or enzymatic activity or the amount of a protein decreased in a disease (e.g., reduction of the level of opioid receptor activity or protein associated with a dopamine effect). Activation may include, at least in part, partially or totally increasing stimulation, increasing or enabling activation, or activating, sensitizing, or up-regulating signal transduction or enzymatic activity or the amount of a protein (e.g., mu receptor (MOR), kappa receptor (KOR), delta receptor (DOR), nociception receptor (NOR) and zeta receptor (ZOR) - and optionally within these different types are a subset of subtypes, mul, mu2, mu3, kappal, kappa2, kappa3, deltal, and delta2) that may modulate the level of another protein or stimulate release of additional neurotransmitters (e.g., increase in opioid activity may increase pain killing effect that may or may not have a reduction in opioid receptor function relative to a control).The term “modulator” refers to a composition that increases or decreases the level of a target molecule or the function of a target molecule. In embodiments, the modulator is a modulator of mu receptor (MOR), kappa receptor (KOR), delta receptor (DOR), nociception receptor (NOR), and / or zeta receptor (ZOR) in respect to an opioid, or DI, D2, D3, D4, and / or D5 in respect to a dopamine antagonist. In embodiments, the modulator is a modulator of an opioid receptor and is a compound that reduces the severity of one or more symptoms of a disease or disorder associated with drug liking (e.g., reduction of the level of DI, D2, D3, D4 and / or D5 activity or protein associated with drug-liking or opioid disorder). In embodiments, a modulator is a compound that reduces the severity of one or more symptoms of a drug-liking, pain, or opioid dependence that is not caused or characterized by DI, D2, D3, D4 or D5 but may benefit from modulation of DI, D2, D3, D4 or D5 activity (e.g., increase in level of activity).The terms “opioid related disorder” refers to drug liking, opioid dependence, opioid-use disorder, persistent and / or new persistent opioid use.Drug “liking” is a measurement reflecting the degree to which a patient perceives that they like the effect of a drug. It is measured using a visual analog scale that can be unipolar or bipolar (i.e., to quantify both liking and disliking).“Opioid dependence” generally refers to the persistent urge to use opioids despite harm or negative consequences arising from repeated and prolonged use of opioids.The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition (DSM-V) defines the criteria for diagnosis of opioid use disorder to include the following components or assessments: 1) Opioids are often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period of time than intended; 2) There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control opioid use; 3) A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the opioid, use the opioid, or recover from its effects; 4) Craving, or a strong desire or urge to use opioids; 5) Recurrent opioid use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home; 6) Continued opioid use, despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of opioids; 7) Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of opioid use; 8) Recurrent opioid use in situations in which it is physically hazardous; 9) Continued opioid use, despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance; 10) Drug “tolerance,” as defined by either of the following: A) A need for markedly increased amounts of opioids to achieve intoxication or desired effect; B) A markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of an opioid.Persistent opioid use may be defined as the occurrence of any opioid prescription 90 to 180 days after some index medical treatment such a surgery. New persistent opioid use may be defined as the occurrence of any opioid prescription 90 to 180 days after some index medical treatment such a surgery in which no opioid prescriptions were filled in the 11 months prior to that medical treatment.Clinical outcomes that might reflect a reduced risk of an opioid related disorder attained by application of the art described herein could include: reduced drug liking; reduced drug consumption, which could be measured in terms of milligram morphine equivalents (MME) or other units such as milligrams of a given opioid; an opioid sparing effect measured in MME, milligrams, or as a percentage relative to some baseline or control; the incidence of persistent opioid use or new persistent opioid use after some index medical treatment such as a surgery; the severity of persistent opioid use or new persistent opioid use measured in terms of the amount of opioids persistently consumed or prescribed, in MME or milligrams of a given opioid, or some other comparable measure of severity; the incidence of opioid use disorder, or its severity asmeasured by the number of DSM-V criteria satisfying the definition of opioid use disorder; the frequency or severity of any of the components that constitute the DSM-V criteria for opioid use disorder.“Patient” or “subject in need thereof’ refers to a living organism suffering from or prone to a disease or condition that can be treated by administration of a compound or pharmaceutical composition, as provided herein. Non-limiting examples include humans, other mammals, bovines, rats, pigs, mice, dogs, cats, monkeys, goat, sheep, cows, deer, and other non-mammalian animals. In embodiments, a patient is human.CompositionsThe disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist is selected from any of Formula I, II, III, or IV, salts thereof or prodrugs thereof. In some embodiments, the opioid is selected from any of Formula V or VI, salts thereof or prodrugs thereof. The disclosure also relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist is selected from any dopamine antagonist, salts thereof or prodrugs thereof. In some embodiments, the opioid is selected from any of Formula V or VI, salts thereof or prodrugs thereof. In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to a composition comprising a single active agent that is a dopamine agonist. Any disclosed dopamine antagonists and / or opioids are contemplated by the compositions, including, but not limited to those molecules listed on Tables X, Y and Z. In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist and / or the opioid are in the mass amounts, ranges of mass amount or concentrations provided in the disclosure, including, but not limited to the mass amounts and / or concentrations in any of Tables X, Y or Z.The disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist comprises a total mass of from about 0.1 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid comprises a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a dopamine antagonist comprises a total mass of from about 0.2 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid comprises a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams, dopamine antagonist comprises a total mass of from about 0.3 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid comprises a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams dopamine antagonist comprises a totalmass of from about 0.4 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid comprises a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams dopamine antagonist comprises a total mass of from about 0.5 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid comprises a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams dopamine antagonist comprises a total mass of from about 0.6 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid comprises a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams dopamine antagonist comprises a total mass of from about 0.7 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid comprises a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams dopamine antagonist comprises a total mass of from about 0.8 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid comprises a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams dopamine antagonist comprises a total mass of from about 0.9 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid comprises a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams dopamine antagonist comprises a total mass of from about 1.0 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid comprises a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams dopamine antagonist comprises a total mass of from about 1.1 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid comprises a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams dopamine antagonist comprises a total mass of from about 0.1 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid comprises a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the composition is in an immediate release dosage form. In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a composition herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.The disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist comprising DD12; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist comprises a total mass of from about 0.1 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid comprises a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the composition is free of DD9, DD10, variants thereof or salts thereof. In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonists is at a total mass of from about 0.2 to about 2.5 milligrams; and the opioid is at a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the DD12 is at a total mass of from about 0.2 to about 2.5 milligrams; and the opioid is at a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist is at a total mass of from about 0.3 to about 2.5 milligrams; and the opioid is at a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the DD12 is a total mass of from about 0.3 to about 2.5milligrams; and the opioid is at a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist is at a total mass of from about 0.4 to about 2.5 milligrams; and the opioid is a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the DD12 is at a total mass of from about 0.4 to about 2.5 milligrams; and the opioid is a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist is at a total mass of from about 0.5 to about 2.5 milligrams; and the opioid is at a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the DD12 is at a total mass of from about 0.5 to about 2.5 milligrams; and the opioid is at a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist is at a total mass of from about 0.6 to about 2.5 milligrams; and the opioid is at a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the DD12 is at a total mass of from about 0.6 to about 2.5 milligrams; and the opioid is at a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist is at a total mass of from about 0.7 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid is at a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the DD12 is at a total mass of from about 0.7 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid is at a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist is at a total mass of from about 0.8 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid is at a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the DD12 is at a total mass of from about 0.8 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid is at a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist is at a total mass of from about 0.9 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid is at a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the DD12 is at a total mass of from about 0.9 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid is at a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist is at a total mass of from about 1.0 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid is at a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the DD12 is at a total mass of from about 1.0 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid is at a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist is at a total mass of from about 1.1 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid is at a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams toabout 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the DD12 is at a total mass of from about 1.1 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid is at a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the dopamine antagonist is at a total mass of from about 0.1 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid is at a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the DD12 is at a total mass of from about 0.1 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid is at a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams. In some embodiments, the composition is in an immediate release dosage form. In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a composition herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.The disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist is Amisulpride. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 10 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligram to about 2 milligrams of Buprenorphine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 10 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of Buprenorphine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.5 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of Codeine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.99 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of Codeine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 5.98 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of Codeine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.35 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of Hydrocodone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.7 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 10 milligrams to about 20 milligrams of Hydrocodone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 7.05 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of Hydrocodone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.4 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains fromabout 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of Hydrocodone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 10 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of Hydrocodone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 10 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of Hydrocodone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 10 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 40 milligrams to about 80 milligrams of Hydrocodone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 10 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of Hydrocodone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 10 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of Hydrocodone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.9 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligram to about 2 milligrams of Hydromorphone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.79 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 2 milligrams to about 4 milligrams of Hydromorphone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 7.58 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of Hydromorphone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 5.27 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligram to about 2 milligrams of Levorphanol. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.18 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of Meperidine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.35 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of Meperidine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.35 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of Morphine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.53 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains fromabout 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of Morphine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 7.05 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of Morphine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 10 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of Morphine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 10 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of Morphine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.38 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of Methadone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.75 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of Methadone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.78 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of Oxycodone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.67 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 3.75 milligrams to about 7.5 milligrams of Oxycodone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.56 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of Oxycodone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 5.34 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of Oxycodone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 10 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of Oxycodone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 10 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of Oxycodone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.56 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of Oxymorphone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 7.12 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams ofOxymorphone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.32 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 32.5 milligrams to about 65 milligrams of Propoxyphene. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.63 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of Tapentadol. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6.95 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 37.5 milligrams to about 75 milligrams of Tapentadol. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.26 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of Tapentadol. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.07 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of Tramadol. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.14 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of Tramadol. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.27 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of Tramadol. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6.41 to about 800 milligrams of total mass of Amisulpride; and wherein the composition contains from about 150 milligrams to about 300 milligrams of Tramadol. In some embodiments, the composition is in an immediate release dosage form. In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a composition herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.TABLE W: Table of Name Designations for Exemplary Dopamine AntagonistsTABLE X: Table of Dopamine AntagonistsTABLE Z: Dopamine Antagonists and Conversions Ratios used to calculate their Dose RangesCompositions of the disclosure include pharmaceutical compositions comprising two active agents and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a dopamine antagonist and an effective amount of an opioid, wherein the dopamine antagonist comprises a mass to total weight percentage of from about 50% to about 70%; and wherein the opioid comprises a mass to total weight percentage of from about 10% to about 30%.An embodiment of the disclosure may be formed into an easily administered dosage form. Dosage forms of the disclosure include solid or liquid dosage forms. If in a solid dosage form, an embodiment of the disclosure includes dosage form such as tablets or into capsules by methods well known in the art. When forming tablets containing the analgesic formulation, it will be appreciated that the salts can be compressed into a uniform mixture and can optionally include inert diluents such as a tablet binder. The tablet binder may be a pharmaceutically acceptable binder and is one which produces no appreciable osmotic effects. Examples of useful binders include non-ionic detergents from the Pluronic™ series, such as Pluronic F-68™(a trademark of BASF-Wyandotte Chemicals, defined as a condensate of ethylene oxide with a condensate of propylene oxide and propylene glycol), related non-ionic surfactants, and mechanical adhesives such as polyvinyl alcohol and sodium carboxymethylcellulose, among numerous others. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) may also be used to enhance the compactability of any disclosed salts into the tablet or capsule form. A soluble, nonfermentable binder that may be used in the formulations of the disclosure includes polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEG is represented by thestructural formula: HOCH2(CH2OCH2)mCH2OH, wherein m represents the average number of oxyethylene groups. Any PEG polymer may be employed in the compositions contemplated herein. In some embodiments, the PEG polymers are solid at room temperature (i.e., 25 degree C.) and / or soluble in (or miscible with) water at room temperature. In some embodiments of the disclosure, the average molecular weight of the PEG polymer is at least 200, at least 400, at least 600, at least 1,000, at least 1540, at least 3000, at least 4,000, or at least 8,000. In some embodiments of the disclosure, the average molecular weight of the PEG polymer is from about 7,000 to about 9,000.The amount of binder may vary depending on the desired characteristics of the solid dosage form and can be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art. In some embodiments of the disclosure, a PEG binder comprises from about 5 to about 20%, in another embodiment from about 7.5 to about 15%, and in an additional embodiment about 10% by weight. In some embodiments of the disclosure, the formulation does not comprise a PEG binder.In some embodiments of the disclosure, the composition of the disclosure is free of insoluble binder or only contains levels of insoluble binder that do not impede or obstruct the visualization of the colon. One of ordinary skill may readily modify the additives combined with the dopamine antagonists and / or opioid salts according to the present disclosure in order to optimize the formulations for oral delivery.Solid dosage forms are well known in the art. Solid dosage forms are easier for a patient or caregiver to identify, handle and administer. They are also non-invasive and have high patient compliance. Solid dosage forms can be divided into several groups, based upon the route by which the drug is delivered, including, for example, gastrointestinal (GI) tract delivery, suppository (rectal, vaginal and urethral) delivery, and transdermal delivery. The majority of solid dosage forms on the market are designed for gastro-intestinal delivery. GI delivery is often referred to simply as "oral delivery," because a tablet or capsule is initially introduced orally, and swallowed. However, this type of solid delivery form is designed to dissolve in the GI tract.In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to an oral dosage form comprising a dopamine antagonist and an opioid in a pharmaceutical composition further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the oral dosage form comprises two active agents consisting of one dopamine antagonist from the above table and one opioid from the above table. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition or dosage form is free of non-opioidanalgesic agent, a barbiturate agent, a stimulant agent. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition or dosage form is free of active agents other than a single dopamine antagonist and a single opioid. In some embodiments, the composition or pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure are free of acetaminophen and naproxen.The disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist is Aripiprazole. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.91 to about 42.76 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6 to about 171.05 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.31 to about 4.49 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.61 to about 8.98 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.22 to about 17.96 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.48 to about 7.06 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.96 to about 14.11 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 10 milligrams to about 20 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.44 to about 21.17 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.92 to about 28.22 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.4 to about 35.28 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, thecomposition comprises from about 2.88 to about 42.33 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.85 to about 56.45 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 40 milligrams to about 80 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.81 to about 70.56 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6 to about 141.11 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.39 to about 5.69 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.77 to about 11.38 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 2 milligrams to about 4 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.55 to about 22.75 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.08 to about 15.82 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Levorphanol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.24 to about 3.53 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.48 to about 7.06 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.48 to about 7.06 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.72 to about 10.58 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.44 to about 21.17 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole;and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.88 to about 42.33 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.81 to about 70.56 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.49 to about 7.13 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.97 to about 14.26 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.36 to about 5.35 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.55 to about 8.02 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 3.75 milligrams to about 7.5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.73 to about 10.69 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.09 to about 16.04 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.18 to about 32.07 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.91 to about 42.76 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.73 to about 10.69 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.46 to about 21.38 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of totalmass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.47 to about 6.95 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 32.5 milligrams to about 65 milligrams of total mass of Propoxyphene; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.95 to about 13.9 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.42 to about 20.85 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 37.5 milligrams to about 75 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.89 to about 27.8 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.22 to about 3.21 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.44 to about 6.41 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.87 to about 12.83 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.31 to about 19.24 milligrams of total mass of Aripiprazole; and wherein the composition contains from about 150 milligrams to about 300 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol.ChlorpromazineThe disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist is Chlorpromazine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 58.26 to about 855.24 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 120 to about 3420.9 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6.12 to about 89.82 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 12.24 to about 179.58 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 24.48 to about 359.22 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.6 to about 141.12 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 19.2 to about 282.24 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 10 milligrams to about 20 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 28.86 to about 423.36 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 38.46 to about 564.48 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 48.06 to about 705.54 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 57.66 to about 846.66 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 76.92 to about 1128.9 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 40 milligrams to about 80 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 96.12 to about 1411.14 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 120 to about 2822.28 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 7.74 to about 113.76 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein thecomposition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 15.48 to about 227.52 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2 milligrams to about 4 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 31.02 to about 454.98 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 21.54 to about 316.44 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Levorphanol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.8 to about 70.56 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.6 to about 141.12 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.6 to about 141.12 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 14.4 to about 211.68 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 28.86 to about 423.36 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 57.66 to about 846.66 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 96.12 to about 1411.14 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.72 to about 142.62 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 19.44 to about 285.24 milligrams of total mass ofChlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 7.26 to about 106.92 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 10.92 to about 160.38 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 3.75 milligrams to about 7.5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 14.58 to about 213.78 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 21.84 to about 320.7 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 43.68 to about 641.4 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 58.26 to about 855.24 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 14.58 to about 213.78 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 29.16 to about 427.62 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.48 to about 138.96 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 32.5 milligrams to about 65 milligrams of total mass of Propoxyphene; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 18.96 to about 277.92 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 28.38 to about 416.94 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 37.5 milligrams to about 75 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, thecomposition comprises from about 37.86 to about 555.9 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.38 to about 64.14 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 8.76 to about 128.28 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 17.46 to about 256.56 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 26.22 to about 384.84 milligrams of total mass of Chlorpromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 150 milligrams to about 300 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol.ClozapineThe disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist is Clozapine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 38.84 to about 570.16 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 80 to about 2280.6 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.08 to about 59.88 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 8.16 to about 119.72 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 16.32 to about 239.48 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6.4 to about 94.08 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, thecomposition comprises from about 12.8 to about 188.16 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 10 milligrams to about 20 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 19.24 to about 282.24 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 25.64 to about 376.32 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 32.04 to about 470.36 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 38.44 to about 564.44 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 51.28 to about 752.6 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 40 milligrams to about 80 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 64.08 to about 940.76 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 80 to about 1881.52 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 5.16 to about 75.84 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 10.32 to about 151.68 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2 milligrams to about 4 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 20.68 to about 303.32 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 14.36 to about 210.96 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Levorphanol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.2 to about 47.04milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6.4 to about 94.08 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6.4 to about 94.08 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.6 to about 141.12 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 19.24 to about 282.24 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 38.44 to about 564.44 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 64.08 to about 940.76 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6.48 to about 95.08 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 12.96 to about 190.16 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.84 to about 71.28 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 7.28 to about 106.92 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 3.75 milligrams to about 7.5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.72 to about 142.52 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 14.56 to about 213.8 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 29.12 to about 427.6 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 38.84 to about 570.16 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.72 to about 142.52 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 19.44 to about 285.08 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6.32 to about 92.64 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 32.5 milligrams to about 65 milligrams of total mass of Propoxyphene; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 12.64 to about 185.28 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 18.92 to about 277.96 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 37.5 milligrams to about 75 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 25.24 to about 370.6 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.92 to about 42.76 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 5.84 to about 85.52 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 11.64 to about 171.04 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 17.48 to about 256.56 milligrams of total mass of Clozapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 150 milligrams to about 300 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol.DroperidolThe disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist is Droperidol. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.97 to about 14.25 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2 to about 57.02 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.1 to about 1.5 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.2 to about 2.99 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.41 to about 5.99 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.16 to about 2.35 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.32 to about 4.7 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 10 milligrams to about 20 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.48 to about 7.06 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.64 to about 9.41 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.8 to about 11.76 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.96 to about 14.11 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.28 to about 18.82milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 40 milligrams to about 80 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.6 to about 23.52 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2 to about 47.04 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.13 to about 1.9 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.26 to about 3.79 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 2 milligrams to about 4 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.52 to about 7.58 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.36 to about 5.27 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Levorphanol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.08 to about 1.18 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.16 to about 2.35 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.16 to about 2.35 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.24 to about 3.53 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.48 to about 7.06 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.96 to about 14.11 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 30milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.6 to about 23.52 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.16 to about 2.38 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.32 to about 4.75 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.12 to about 1.78 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.18 to about 2.67 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 3.75 milligrams to about 7.5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.24 to about 3.56 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.36 to about 5.35 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.73 to about 10.69 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.97 to about 14.25 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.24 to about 3.56 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.49 to about 7.13 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.16 to about 2.32 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 32.5 milligrams to about 65 milligrams of total mass of Propoxyphene; In some embodiments, thecomposition comprises from about 0.32 to about 4.63 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.47 to about 6.95 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 37.5 milligrams to about 75 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.63 to about 9.27 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.07 to about 1.07 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.15 to about 2.14 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.29 to about 4.28 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.44 to about 6.41 milligrams of total mass of Droperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 150 milligrams to about 300 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol.FlupenthixolThe disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist is Flupenthixol. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.97 to about 14.25 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2 to about 57.02 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.1 to about 1.5 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.2 to about 2.99 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, thecomposition comprises from about 0.41 to about 5.99 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.16 to about 2.35 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.32 to about 4.7 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 10 milligrams to about 20 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.48 to about 7.06 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.64 to about 9.41 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.8 to about 11.76 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.96 to about 14.11 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.28 to about 18.82 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 40 milligrams to about 80 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.6 to about 23.52 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2 to about 47.04 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.13 to about 1.9 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.26 to about 3.79 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 2 milligrams to about 4 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.52 to about 7.58 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol;and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.36 to about 5.27 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Levorphanol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.08 to about 1.18 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.16 to about 2.35 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.16 to about 2.35 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.24 to about 3.53 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.48 to about 7.06 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.96 to about 14.11 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.6 to about 23.52 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.16 to about 2.38 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.32 to about 4.75 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.12 to about 1.78 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.18 to about 2.67 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 3.75 milligrams to about 7.5 milligrams of totalmass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.24 to about 3.56 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.36 to about 5.35 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.73 to about 10.69 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.97 to about 14.25 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.24 to about 3.56 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.49 to about 7.13 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.16 to about 2.32 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 32.5 milligrams to about 65 milligrams of total mass of Propoxyphene; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.32 to about 4.63 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.47 to about 6.95 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 37.5 milligrams to about 75 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.63 to about 9.27 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.07 to about 1.07 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.15 to about 2.14 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises fromabout 0.29 to about 4.28 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.44 to about 6.41 milligrams of total mass of Flupenthixol; and wherein the composition contains from about 150 milligrams to about 300 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol.FluphenazineThe disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist is Fluphenazine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.17 to about 17.1 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.4 to about 68.42 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.12 to about 1.8 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.24 to about 3.59 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.49 to about 7.18 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.19 to about 2.82 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.38 to about 5.64 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 10 milligrams to about 20 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.58 to about 8.47 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.77 to about 11.29 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.96 to about14.11 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.15 to about 16.93 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.54 to about 22.58 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 40 milligrams to about 80 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.92 to about 28.22 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.4 to about 56.45 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.15 to about 2.28 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.31 to about 4.55 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2 milligrams to about 4 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.62 to about 9.1 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.43 to about 6.33 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Levorphanol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.1 to about 1.41 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.19 to about 2.82 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.19 to about 2.82 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.29 to about 4.23 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.58 to about 8.47 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.15 to about 16.93 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.92 to about 28.22 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.19 to about 2.85 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.39 to about 5.7 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.15 to about 2.14 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.22 to about 3.21 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 3.75 milligrams to about 7.5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.29 to about 4.28 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.44 to about 6.41 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.87 to about 12.83 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.17 to about 17.1 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.29 to about 4.28 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, thecomposition comprises from about 0.58 to about 8.55 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.19 to about 2.78 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 32.5 milligrams to about 65 milligrams of total mass of Propoxyphene; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.38 to about 5.56 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.57 to about 8.34 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 37.5 milligrams to about 75 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.76 to about 11.12 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.09 to about 1.28 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.18 to about 2.57 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.35 to about 5.13 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.52 to about 7.7 milligrams of total mass of Fluphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 150 milligrams to about 300 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol.HaloperidolThe disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist is Haloperidol. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.97 to about 14.25 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2 to about 57.02 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, thecomposition comprises from about 0.1 to about 1.5 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.2 to about 2.99 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.41 to about 5.99 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.16 to about 2.35 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.32 to about 4.7 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 10 milligrams to about 20 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.48 to about 7.06 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.64 to about 9.41 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.8 to about 11.76 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.96 to about 14.11 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.28 to about 18.82 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 40 milligrams to about 80 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.6 to about 23.52 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2 to about 47.04 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.13 to about 1.9 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; andwherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.26 to about 3.79 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 2 milligrams to about 4 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.52 to about 7.58 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.36 to about 5.27 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Levorphanol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.08 to about 1.18 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.16 to about 2.35 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.16 to about 2.35 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.24 to about 3.53 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.48 to about 7.06 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.96 to about 14.11 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.6 to about 23.52 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.16 to about 2.38 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.32 to about 4.75 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass ofMethadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.12 to about 1.78 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.18 to about 2.67 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 3.75 milligrams to about 7.5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.24 to about 3.56 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.36 to about 5.35 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.73 to about 10.69 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.97 to about 14.25 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.24 to about 3.56 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.49 to about 7.13 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.16 to about 2.32 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 32.5 milligrams to about 65 milligrams of total mass of Propoxyphene; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.32 to about 4.63 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.47 to about 6.95 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 37.5 milligrams to about 75 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.63 to about 9.27 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.07 to about 1.07milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.15 to about 2.14 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.29 to about 4.28 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.44 to about 6.41 milligrams of total mass of Haloperidol; and wherein the composition contains from about 150 milligrams to about 300 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol.LevomepromazineThe disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist is Levomepromazine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 38.84 to about 570.16 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 80 to about 2280.6 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.08 to about 59.88 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 8.16 to about 119.72 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 16.32 to about 239.48 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6.4 to about 94.08 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 12.8 to about 188.16 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 10 milligrams to about 20 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, thecomposition comprises from about 19.24 to about 282.24 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 25.64 to about 376.32 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 32.04 to about 470.36 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 38.44 to about 564.44 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 51.28 to about 752.6 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 40 milligrams to about 80 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 64.08 to about 940.76 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 80 to about 1881.52 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 5.16 to about 75.84 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 10.32 to about 151.68 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2 milligrams to about 4 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 20.68 to about 303.32 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 14.36 to about 210.96 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Levorphanol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.2 to about 47.04 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligramsto about 50 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6.4 to about 94.08 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6.4 to about 94.08 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.6 to about 141.12 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 19.24 to about 282.24 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 38.44 to about 564.44 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 64.08 to about 940.76 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6.48 to about 95.08 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 12.96 to about 190.16 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.84 to about 71.28 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 7.28 to about 106.92 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 3.75 milligrams to about 7.5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.72 to about 142.52 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 14.56 to about 213.8 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein thecomposition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 29.12 to about 427.6 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 38.84 to about 570.16 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.72 to about 142.52 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 19.44 to about 285.08 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6.32 to about 92.64 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 32.5 milligrams to about 65 milligrams of total mass of Propoxyphene; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 12.64 to about 185.28 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 18.92 to about 277.96 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 37.5 milligrams to about 75 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 25.24 to about 370.6 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.92 to about 42.76 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 5.84 to about 85.52 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 11.64 to about 171.04 milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 17.48 to about 256.56milligrams of total mass of Levomepromazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 150 milligrams to about 300 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol.LoxapineThe disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist is Loxapine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 5.83 to about 85.52 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 12 to about 342.09 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.61 to about 8.98 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.22 to about 17.96 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.45 to about 35.92 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.96 to about 14.11 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.92 to about 28.22 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 10 milligrams to about 20 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.89 to about 42.34 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.85 to about 56.45 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.81 to about 70.55 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 5.77 to about 84.67 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 7.69 to about 112.89 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 40 milligrams to about 80 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.61 to about 141.11 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 12 to about 282.23 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.77 to about 11.38 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.55 to about 22.75 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2 milligrams to about 4 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.1 to about 45.5 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.15 to about 31.64 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Levorphanol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.48 to about 7.06 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.96 to about 14.11 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.96 to about 14.11 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.44 to about 21.17 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.89 to about 42.34 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, thecomposition comprises from about 5.77 to about 84.67 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.61 to about 141.11 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.97 to about 14.26 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.94 to about 28.52 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.73 to about 10.69 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.09 to about 16.04 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 3.75 milligrams to about 7.5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.46 to about 21.38 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.18 to about 32.07 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.37 to about 64.14 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 5.83 to about 85.52 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.46 to about 21.38 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.92 to about 42.76 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.95 to about 13.9 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; andwherein the composition contains from about 32.5 milligrams to about 65 milligrams of total mass of Propoxyphene; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.9 to about 27.79 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.84 to about 41.69 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 37.5 milligrams to about 75 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.79 to about 55.59 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.44 to about 6.41 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.88 to about 12.83 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.75 to about 25.66 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.62 to about 38.48 milligrams of total mass of Loxapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 150 milligrams to about 300 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol.MesoridazineThe disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist is Mesoridazine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 29.13 to about 427.62 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 60 to about 1710.45 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.06 to about 44.91 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6.12 to about 89.79 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 12.24 to about 179.61 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.8 to about 70.56 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.6 to about 141.12 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 10 milligrams to about 20 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 14.43 to about 211.68 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 19.23 to about 282.24 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 24.03 to about 352.77 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 28.83 to about 423.33 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 38.46 to about 564.45 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 40 milligrams to about 80 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 48.06 to about 705.57 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 60 to about 1411.14 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.87 to about 56.88 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 7.74 to about 113.76 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein thecomposition contains from about 2 milligrams to about 4 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 15.51 to about 227.49 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 10.77 to about 158.22 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Levorphanol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.4 to about 35.28 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.8 to about 70.56 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.8 to about 70.56 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 7.2 to about 105.84 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 14.43 to about 211.68 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 28.83 to about 423.33 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 48.06 to about 705.57 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.86 to about 71.31 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.72 to about 142.62 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.63 to about 53.46 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams toabout 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 5.46 to about 80.19 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 3.75 milligrams to about 7.5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 7.29 to about 106.89 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 10.92 to about 160.35 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 21.84 to about 320.7 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 29.13 to about 427.62 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 7.29 to about 106.89 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 14.58 to about 213.81 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.74 to about 69.48 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 32.5 milligrams to about 65 milligrams of total mass of Propoxyphene; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.48 to about 138.96 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 14.19 to about 208.47 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 37.5 milligrams to about 75 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 18.93 to about 277.95 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.19 to about 32.07 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.38 to about 64.14 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 8.73 to about 128.28 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 13.11 to about 192.42 milligrams of total mass of Mesoridazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 150 milligrams to about 300 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol.MolindoneThe disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist is Molindone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.71 to about 142.54 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 20 to about 570.15 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.02 to about 14.97 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.04 to about 29.93 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.08 to about 59.87 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.6 to about 23.52 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.2 to about 47.04 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 10 milligrams to about 20 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.81 to about 70.56 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 15milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6.41 to about 94.08 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 8.01 to about 117.59 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.61 to about 141.11 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 12.82 to about 188.15 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 40 milligrams to about 80 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 16.02 to about 235.19 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 20 to about 470.38 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.29 to about 18.96 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.58 to about 37.92 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 2 milligrams to about 4 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 5.17 to about 75.83 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.59 to about 52.74 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Levorphanol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.8 to about 11.76 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.6 to about 23.52 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total massof Meperidine; Tn some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.6 to about 23.52 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.4 to about 35.28 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.81 to about 70.56 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.61 to about 141.11 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 16.02 to about 235.19 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.62 to about 23.77 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.24 to about 47.54 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.21 to about 17.82 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.82 to about 26.73 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 3.75 milligrams to about 7.5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.43 to about 35.63 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.64 to about 53.45 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 7.28 to about 106.9 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.71 to about 142.54milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.43 to about 35.63 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.86 to about 71.27 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.58 to about 23.16 milligrams of total mass ofMolindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 32.5 milligrams to about 65 milligrams of total mass of Propoxyphene; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.16 to about 46.32 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.73 to about 69.49 milligrams of total mass ofMolindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 37.5 milligrams to about 75 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6.31 to about 92.65 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.73 to about 10.69 milligrams of total mass ofMolindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.46 to about 21.38 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.91 to about 42.76 milligrams of total mass ofMolindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.37 to about 64.14 milligrams of total mass of Molindone; and wherein the composition contains from about 150 milligrams to about 300 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol.OlanzapineThe disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist is Olanzapine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.94 to about 28.51 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein thecomposition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4 to about 114.03 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.2 to about 2.99 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.41 to about 5.99 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.82 to about 11.97 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.32 to about 4.7 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.64 to about 9.41 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 10 milligrams to about 20 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.96 to about 14.11 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.28 to about 18.82 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.6 to about 23.52 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.92 to about 28.22 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.56 to about 37.63 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 40 milligrams to about 80 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.2 to about 47.04 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total massof Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4 to about 94.08 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.26 to about 3.79 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.52 to about 7.58 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2 milligrams to about 4 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.03 to about 15.17 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.72 to about 10.55 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Levorphanol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.16 to about 2.35 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.32 to about 4.7 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.32 to about 4.7 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.48 to about 7.06 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.96 to about 14.11 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.92 to about 28.22 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.2 to about 47.04 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.32 to about 4.75milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.65 to about 9.51 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.24 to about 3.56 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.36 to about 5.35 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 3.75 milligrams to about 7.5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.49 to about 7.13 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.73 to about 10.69 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.46 to about 21.38 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.94 to about 28.51 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.49 to about 7.13 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.97 to about 14.25 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.32 to about 4.63 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 32.5 milligrams to about 65 milligrams of total mass of Propoxyphene; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.63 to about 9.26 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.95 to about 13.9 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the compositioncontains from about 37.5 milligrams to about 75 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.26 to about 18.53 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.15 to about 2.14 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.29 to about 4.28 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.58 to about 8.55 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.87 to about 12.83 milligrams of total mass of Olanzapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 150 milligrams to about 300 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol.PaliperidoneThe disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist is Paliperidone. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.87 to about 12.82 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.8 to about 51.29 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.09 to about 1.35 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.18 to about 2.69 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.37 to about 5.39 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.14 to about 2.12 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 5milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.29 to about 4.23 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 10 milligrams to about 20 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.43 to about 6.35 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.58 to about 8.46 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.72 to about 10.58 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.86 to about 12.69 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.15 to about 16.93 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 40 milligrams to about 80 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.44 to about 21.16 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.8 to about 42.31 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.12 to about 1.71 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.23 to about 3.41 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 2 milligrams to about 4 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.47 to about 6.82 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.32 to about 4.74 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Levorphanol; In some embodiments, thecomposition comprises from about 0.07 to about 1.06 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.14 to about 2.12 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.14 to about 2.12 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.22 to about 3.17 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.43 to about 6.35 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.86 to about 12.69 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.44 to about 21.16 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.15 to about 2.14 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.29 to about 4.28 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.11 to about1.6 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.16 to about 2.4 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 3.75 milligrams to about 7.5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.22 to about 3.21 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.33 to about 4.81 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone;and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.65 to about 9.62 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.87 to about 12.82 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.22 to about 3.21 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.44 to about 6.41 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.14 to about 2.08 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 32.5 milligrams to about 65 milligrams of total mass of Propoxyphene; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.28 to about 4.17 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.43 to about 6.25 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 37.5 milligrams to about 75 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.57 to about 8.33 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.07 to about 0.96 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.13 to about 1.92 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.26 to about 3.85 milligrams of total mass of Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.39 to about 5.77 milligrams of total massof Paliperidone; and wherein the composition contains from about 150 milligrams to about 300 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol.Pericy azineThe disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist is Pericyazine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.86 to about 71.27 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 10 to about 285.08 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.51 to about 7.49 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.02 to about 14.97 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.04 to about 29.94 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.8 to about 11.76 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.6 to about 23.52 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 10 milligrams to about 20 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.41 to about 35.28 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.21 to about 47.04 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.01 to about 58.8 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.81 to about 70.56 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine;and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6.41 to about 94.08 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 40 milligrams to about 80 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 8.01 to about 117.6 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 10 to about 235.19 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.65 to about 9.48 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.29 to about 18.96 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2 milligrams to about 4 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.59 to about 37.92 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.8 to about 26.37 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Levorphanol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.4 to about 5.88 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.8 to about 11.76 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.8 to about 11.76 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.2 to about 17.64 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.41 to about 35.28 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of totalmass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.81 to about 70.56 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 8.01 to about 117.6 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.81 to about 11.89 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.62 to about 23.77 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.61 to about 8.91 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.91 to about 13.37 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 3.75 milligrams to about 7.5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.22 to about 17.82 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.82 to about 26.73 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.64 to about 53.45 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.86 to about 71.27 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.22 to about 17.82 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.43 to about 35.64 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.79 toabout 1 1.58 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 32.5 milligrams to about 65 milligrams of total mass of Propoxyphene; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.58 to about 23.16 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.37 to about 34.75 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 37.5 milligrams to about 75 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.16 to about 46.33 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.37 to about 5.35 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.73 to about 10.69 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.46 to about 21.38 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.19 to about 32.07 milligrams of total mass of Pericyazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 150 milligrams to about 300 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol.PerphenazineThe disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist is Perphenazine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.91 to about 42.76 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6 to about 171.05 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.31 to about 4.49 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.61 to about 8.98I l lmilligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.22 to about 17.96 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.48 to about 7.06 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.96 to about 14.11 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 10 milligrams to about 20 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.44 to about 21.17 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.92 to about 28.22 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.4 to about 35.28 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.88 to about 42.33 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.85 to about 56.45 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 40 milligrams to about 80 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.81 to about 70.56 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6 to about 141.11 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.39 to about 5.69 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.77 to about 11.38 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about2 milligrams to about 4 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.55 to about 22.75 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.08 to about 15.82 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Levorphanol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.24 to about 3.53 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.48 to about 7.06 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.48 to about 7.06 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.72 to about 10.58 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.44 to about 21.17 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.88 to about 42.33 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.81 to about 70.56 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.49 to about 7.13 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.97 to about 14.26 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.36 to about 5.35 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, thecomposition comprises from about 0.55 to about 8.02 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 3.75 milligrams to about 7.5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.73 to about 10.69 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.09 to about 16.04 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.18 to about 32.07 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.91 to about 42.76 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.73 to about 10.69 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.46 to about 21.38 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.47 to about 6.95 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 32.5 milligrams to about 65 milligrams of total mass of Propoxyphene; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.95 to about 13.9 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.42 to about 20.85 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 37.5 milligrams to about 75 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.89 to about 27.8 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.22 to about 3.21 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.44 to about 6.41 milligrams of total massof Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.87 to about 12.83 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.31 to about 19.24 milligrams of total mass of Perphenazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 150 milligrams to about 300 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol.PimozideThe disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist is Pimozide. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.78 to about 11.4 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.6 to about 45.61 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.08 to about 1.2 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.16 to about 2.39 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.33 to about 4.79 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.13 to about 1.88 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.26 to about 3.76 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 10 milligrams to about 20 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.38 to about 5.64 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.51 to about 7.53 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 20milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.64 to about 9.41 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.77 to about 11.29 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.03 to about 15.05 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 40 milligrams to about 80 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.28 to about 18.82 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.6 to about 37.63 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.1 to about 1.52 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.21 to about 3.03 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 2 milligrams to about 4 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.41 to about 6.07 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.29 to about 4.22 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Levorphanol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.06 to about 0.94 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.13 to about 1.88 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.13 to about 1.88 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, thecomposition comprises from about 0.19 to about 2.82 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.38 to about 5.64 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.77 to about 11.29 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.28 to about 18.82 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.13 to about 1.9 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.26 to about 3.8 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.1 to about 1.43 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.15 to about 2.14 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 3.75 milligrams to about 7.5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.19 to about 2.85 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.29 to about 4.28 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.58 to about 8.55 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.78 to about 11.4 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.19 to about 2.85 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; andwherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.39 to about 5.7 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.13 to about 1.85 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 32.5 milligrams to about 65 milligrams of total mass of Propoxyphene; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.25 to about 3.71 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.38 to about 5.56 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 37.5 milligrams to about 75 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.5 to about 7.41 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.06 to about 0.86 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.12 to about 1.71 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.23 to about 3.42 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.35 to about 5.13 milligrams of total mass of Pimozide; and wherein the composition contains from about 150 milligrams to about 300 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol.ProchlorperazineThe disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist is Prochlorperazine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 8.49 to about 124.67 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 17.49 to about 498.67 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains fromabout 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.89 to about 13.09 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.78 to about 26.18 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.57 to about 52.36 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.4 to about 20.57 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.8 to about 41.14 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 10 milligrams to about 20 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.21 to about 61.71 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 5.61 to about 82.29 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 7.01 to about 102.85 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 8.41 to about 123.42 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 11.21 to about 164.56 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 40 milligrams to about 80 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 14.01 to about 205.71 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 17.49 to about 411.41 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein thecomposition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.13 to about 16.58 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.26 to about 33.17 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2 milligrams to about 4 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.52 to about 66.32 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.14 to about 46.13 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Levorphanol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.7 to about 10.29 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.4 to about 20.57 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.4 to about 20.57 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.1 to about 30.86 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.21 to about 61.71 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 8.41 to about 123.42 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 14.01 to about 205.71 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.42 to about 20.79 milligrams of total mass ofProchlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.83 to about 41.58 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.06 to about 15.59 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.59 to about 23.38 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 3.75 milligrams to about 7.5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.13 to about 31.16 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.18 to about 46.75 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6.37 to about 93.5 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 8.49 to about 124.67 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.13 to about 31.16 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 4.25 to about 62.34 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Oxymorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.38 to about 20.26 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 32.5 milligrams to about 65 milligrams of total mass of Propoxyphene; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.76 to about 40.51 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises fromabout 4.14 to about 60.78 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 37.5 milligrams to about 75 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 5.52 to about 81.03 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tapentadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.64 to about 9.35 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1.28 to about 18.7 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 2.55 to about 37.4 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 3.82 to about 56.1 milligrams of total mass of Prochlorperazine; and wherein the composition contains from about 150 milligrams to about 300 milligrams of total mass of Tramadol.QuetiapineThe disclosure relates to a composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist is Quetiapine. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 72.83 to about 1069.05 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 150 to about 4276.13 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Buprenorphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 7.65 to about 112.28 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 15.3 to about 224.48 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 30.6 to about 449.03 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of totalmass of Codeine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 12 to about 176.4 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 24 to about 352.8 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 10 milligrams to about 20 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 36.08 to about 529.2 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 48.08 to about 705.6 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 20 milligrams to about 40 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 60.08 to about 881.93 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 72.08 to about 1058.33 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 96.15 to about 1411.13 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 40 milligrams to about 80 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 120.15 to about 1763.93 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 150 to about 3527.85 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 100 milligrams to about 200 milligrams of total mass of Hydrocodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.68 to about 142.2 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 19.35 to about 284.4 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2 milligrams to about 4 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 38.78 to about 568.73 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 4 milligrams to about 8 milligrams of total mass of Hydromorphone; In some embodiments, thecomposition comprises from about 26.93 to about 395.55 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams of total mass of Levorphanol; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 6 to about 88.2 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 25 milligrams to about 50 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 12 to about 176.4 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Meperidine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 12 to about 176.4 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 18 to about 264.6 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 7.5 milligrams to about 15 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 36.08 to about 529.2 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 15 milligrams to about 30 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 72.08 to about 1058.33 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 30 milligrams to about 60 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 120.15 to about 1763.93 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 50 milligrams to about 100 milligrams of total mass of Morphine; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 12.15 to about 178.28 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 24.3 to about 356.55 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 5 milligrams to about 10 milligrams of total mass of Methadone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 9.08 to about 133.65 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition contains from about 2.5 milligrams to about 5 milligrams of total mass of Oxycodone; In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 13.65 to about 200.48 milligrams of total mass of Quetiapine; and wherein the composition conta...

Claims

CLAIMS1. A composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist; and (ii) an opioid; wherein the dopamine antagonist comprises a total mass of from about 0.1 to about 2.5 milligrams; and wherein the opioid comprises a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the dopamine antagonist is a compound having a structure represented by a Formula I:wherein X1is chosen from halogen, H, O, OH, or NH2;R2 is chosen from O, N, NH, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroacyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl;Ri and R3 are individually chosen from O, N, NH, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroacyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or prodrug thereof.

3. The composition of any of claims 1 or 2, wherein the dopamine antagonist is a compound chosen from: DD8, DD9, and DD10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

4. The composition of any of claims 1 through 3, wherein the opioid is a compound having a structure represented by a formula:wherein X1is chosen from H, Cl, F, I, O, OH, or NH2;R2 is chosen from a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group;Ri and R3 are individually chosen fromO, N, NH, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroacyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl;X2 is chosen from Cl, F, I, OH, or =0;R4 is chosen from a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group;R7is chosen from a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group;R5and R6are individually chosen from O, N, NH, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroacyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, or Rs and Re together form a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkene; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a prodrug thereof.

5. The composition of any of claims 1 through 4, wherein the opioid is chosen from: morphine, codeine, hydromorphone, fentanyl, hydrocodone, levorphanol, meperidine, methadone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, tramadol, tapentadol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a prodrug thereof.

6. The composition of any of claims 1 through 5, wherein the opioid is fentanyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein the mass of fentanyl is from about 100 micrograms to about 500 micrograms.

7. The composition of any of claims 1 through 6, wherein the dopamine antagonist is DD9, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein the mass of DD9 is from about 0.1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams.

8. A pharmaceutical composition comprising: (i) a dopamine antagonist, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or prodrug thereof; (ii) an opioid, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or prodrug thereof; and (iii) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 8, wherein the dopamine antagonist is a compound having a structure represented by Formula I, II, III, IV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or prodrug thereof.

10. The pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 8 or 9, wherein the dopamine antagonist is a compound chosen from: DD8, DD9, and DD10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

11. The pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 8 through 10, wherein the opioid is a compound having a structure represented by a formula:wherein Rl is a substituted or substituted 6-member carbon ring or 6-member heterocycle; a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or prodrug thereof.

12. The pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 8 through 11, wherein the opioid is chosen from: morphine, codeine, hydromorphone, fentanyl, hydrocodone, levorphanol, meperidine, methadone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, tramadol, tapentadol, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof.

13. The pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 8 through 12, wherein the opioid is fentanyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein the mass of fentanyl is from about 100 micrograms to about 500 micrograms.

14. The pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 8 through 13, wherein the dopamine antagonist is DD9 or DD10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein the mass of DD9 or DD10 is from about 0.1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams.

15. The pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 8 through 13, wherein the dopamine antagonist is DD9 or DD10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein the mass of DD9 or DD10 is from about 0.1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams, and wherein the opioid is fentanyl, codeine, morphine, oxycodone, methadone, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.

16. The pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 8 through 15, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is an oral dosage form.

17. A method of preventing opioid dependence comprising administering to a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a dopamine antagonist or administering a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 8 through 16.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of one or a combination of: a dopamine antagonist and an opioid.

19. The method of either of claims 17 or 18, wherein the dopamine antagonist or the pharmaceutical composition is administered by oral adminstration, parenteral administration, sublingual administration, transdermal administration, rectal administration, transmucosal administration, topical administration, inhalation, buccal administration, intrapleural administration, intravenous administration, intraarterial administration, intraperitoneal administration, subcutaneous administration, intramuscular administration, intranasal administration, intrathecal administration, and intraarticular administration, or combinations thereof.

20. The method of any of claims 17 through 19, wherein the subject is a mammal.

21. The method of any of claims 17 through 20, wherein the subject is a human.

22. The method of any of claims 17 through 21, wherein dopamine antagonist is administered simultaneously with, before or after administration of an opioid.

23. The method of any of claims 17 through 22, wherein the dopamine antagonist is administered as a dose of from about 0.1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams.

24. The method of any of claims 17 through 24, wherein the dopamine antagonist is administered perioperatively or postoperatively with a dose of opioid.

25. A method of treating pain in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a dopamine antagonist or administering a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 8 through 16.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of a dopamine antagonist and, optionally, an opioid.

27. The method of either of claims 25 or 26, wherein the dopamine antagonist or the pharmaceutical composition is administered by oral adminstration, parenteral administration, sublingual administration, transdermal administration, rectal administration, transmucosal administration, topical administration, inhalation, buccal administration, intrapleural administration, intravenous administration, intraarterial administration, intraperitoneal administration, subcutaneous administration, intramuscular administration, intranasal administration, intrathecal administration, and intraarticular administration, or combinations thereof.

28. The method of any of claims 25 through 27, wherein the subject is a mammal.

29. The method of any of claims 25 through 28, wherein the subject is a human.

30. The method of any of claims 25 through 29, wherein dopamine antagonist is administered simultaneously with, before or after administration of an opioid.

31. The method of any of claims 25 through 30, wherein the dopamine antagonist is administered as a dose of from about 0.1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams.

32. The method of any of claims 25 through 31, wherein the dopamine antagonist is administered perioperatively or postoperatively with a dose of opioid.

33. A method of preventing drug-liking comprising administering to the subject a dopamine antagonist or administering a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 8 through 16.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of one or a combination of: a dopamine antagonist and an opioid.

35. The method of either of claims 33 or 34, wherein the dopamine antagonist or the pharmaceutical composition is administered by oral adminstration, parenteral administration, sublingual administration, transdermal administration, rectal administration, transmucosal administration, topical administration, inhalation, buccal administration, intrapleural administration, intravenous administration, intraarterial administration, intraperitoneal administration, subcutaneous administration, intramuscular administration, intranasal administration, intrathecal administration, and intraarticular administration, or combinations thereof.

36. The method of any of claims 33 through 35, wherein the subject is a mammal.

37. The method of any of claims 33 through 36, wherein the subject is a human.

38. The method of any of claims 33 through 37, wherein dopamine antagonist is administered simultaneously with, before or after administration of an opioid.

39. The method of any of claims 33 through 38, wherein the dopamine antagonist is administered as a dose of from about 0.1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams.

40. The method of any of claims 33 through 39, wherein the dopamine antagonist is administered perioperatively or postoperatively with a dose of opioid.41 . A method of reducing event-related pain response comprising administering to the subject a dopamine antagonist or administering to the subject a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 8 through 16.

42. The method of claim 41, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of one or a combination of: a dopamine antagonist and an opioid, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

43. The method of either of claims 41 or 42, wherein the dopamine antagonist or the pharmaceutical composition is administered by oral adminstration, paren teral administration, sublingual administration, transdermal administration, rectal administration, transmucosal administration, topical administration, inhalation, buccal administration, intrapleural administration, intravenous administration, intraarterial administration, intraperitoneal administration, subcutaneous administration, intramuscular administration, intranasal administration, intrathecal administration, and intraarticular administration, or combinations thereof.

44. The method of any of claims 41 through 43, wherein the subject is a mammal.

45. The method of any of claims 41 through 44, wherein the subject is a human.

46. The method of any of claims 41 through 45, wherein dopamine antagonist is administered simultaneously with, before or after administration of an opioid.

47. The method of any of claims 41 through 46, wherein the dopamine antagonist is administered as a dose of from about 0.1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams.

48. The method of any of claims 41 through 47, wherein the dopamine antagonist is administered perioperatively or postoperatively with a dose of opioid.

49. A method of preventing an opioid use disorder comprising administering to the subject a dopamine antagonist or administering to the subject a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 8 through 16.

50. The method of claim 49, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of one or a combination of: a dopamine antagonist and an opioid.

51. The method of either of claims 49 or 50, wherein the dopamine antagonist or the pharmaceutical composition is administered by oral adminstration, parenteral administration, sublingual administration, transdermal administration, rectal administration, transmucosal administration, topical administration, inhalation, buccal administration, intrapleural administration, intravenous administration, intraarterial administration, intraperitoneal administration, subcutaneous administration, intramuscular administration, intranasal administration, intrathecal administration, and intraarticular administration, or combinations thereof.

52. The method of any of claims 49 through 51, wherein the subject is a mammal.

53. The method of any of claims 49 through 52, wherein the subject is a human.

54. The method of any of claims 49 through 53, wherein dopamine antagonist is administered simultaneously with, before or after administration of an opioid.

55. The method of any of claims 49 through 54, wherein the dopamine antagonist is administered as a dose of from about 0.1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams.

56. The method of any of claims 49 through 55, wherein the dopamine antagonist is administered perioperatively or postoperatively with a dose of opioid.

57. A method of anesthetizing a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a dopamine antagonist or administering to the subject a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 8 through 16.

58. The method of claim 57, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of one or a combination of: a dopamine antagonist and an opioid.

59. The method of either of claims 57 or 58, wherein the dopamine antagonist or the pharmaceutical composition is administered by oral adminstration, parenteral administration, sublingual administration, transdermal administration, rectal administration, transmucosal administration, topical administration, inhalation, buccal administration, intrapleural administration, intravenous administration, intraarterial administration, intraperitoneal administration, subcutaneous administration, intramuscular administration, intranasal administration, intrathecal administration, and intraarticular administration, or combinations thereof.

60. The method of any of claims 57 through 59, wherein the subject is a mammal.

61. The method of any of claims 57 through 60, wherein the subject is a human.

62. The method of any of claims 57 through 61, wherein dopamine antagonist is administered simultaneously with, before or after administration of an opioid.

63. The method of any of claims 57 through 62, wherein the dopamine antagonist is administered as a dose of from about 0.1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams.

64. The method of any of claims 57 through 63, wherein the dopamine antagonist is administered perioperatively or postoperatively with a dose of opioid.

65. A method of potentiating analgesic effect of an opioid comprising administering to the subject a dopamine antagonist or administering to the subject a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 8 through 16.

66. The method of claim 65, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of one or a combination of a dopamine antagonist and an opioid.

67. The method of either of claims 65 or 66, wherein the dopamine antagonist or the pharmaceutical composition is administered by oral adminstration, parenteral administration, sublingual administration, transdermal administration, rectal administration, transmucosal administration, topical administration, inhalation, buccal administration, intrapleural administration, intravenous administration, intraarterial administration, intraperitoneal administration, subcutaneous administration, intramuscular administration, intranasal administration, intrathecal administration, and intraarticular administration, or combinations thereof.

68. The method of any of claims 65 through 67, wherein the subject is a mammal.

69. The method of any of claims 65 through 68, wherein the subject is a human.

70. The method of any of claims 65 through 69, wherein dopamine antagonist is administered simultaneously with, before or after administration of an opioid.

71. The method of any of claims 65 through 70, wherein the dopamine antagonist is administered as a dose of from about 0.1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams.

72. The method of any of claims 65 through 71, wherein the dopamine antagonist is administered perioperatively or postoperatively with a dose of opioid.

73. A method of inhibiting dopaminergic effect in a cell comprising exposing the cell to a composition comprising exposing the cell to a dopamine antagonist or a composition of any of claims 1 through 7.

74. The method of claim 73, wherein the step of exposing is performed in vitro.

75. The method of claim 73, wherein the step of exposing is performed in vivo.

76. The composition of any of claims 1 or 2, wherein the dopamine antagonist is DD12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

77. The composition of claim 76, wherein the composition is free of: DD9, DD10 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

78. The composition of any of claims 1-7, 76, or 77, wherein the composition is in an immediate-release dosage form and / or oral dosage form.

79. The pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 8 or 9, wherein the dopamine antagonist is DD12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

80. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 79, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is free of DD9, DD10, variants thereof or salts thereof or analogs thereof.

81. The pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 8 through 13, wherein the dopamine antagonist is DD12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein the mass of DD12 is from about 0.1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams.

82. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 81, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is free of DD9, DD10, variants thereof or salts thereof.

83. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 81 or 82, wherein the opioid is fentanyl, codeine, morphine, oxycodone, methadone, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.

84. The pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 81 through 83, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is an oral dosage form.

85. The pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 8-16, 79 through 84, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is in an immediate release dosage form or an oral dosage form.

86. A method of preventing opioid dependence comprising administering to a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject DD12 or administering a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 81 through 85.

87. The method of claim 86, wherein the DD12 is free of DD9, DD10, variants thereof or salts thereof88. The method of either of claims 86 or 87, wherein the DD12 or the pharmaceutical composition is administered by oral adminstration, parenteral administration, sublingual administration, transdermal administration, rectal administration, transmucosal administration, topical administration, inhalation, buccal administration, intrapleural administration, intravenous administration, intraarterial administration, intraperitoneal administration, subcutaneous administration, intramuscular administration, intranasal administration, intrathecal administration, and intraarticular administration, or combinations thereof.

89. The method of any of claims 86 through 88, wherein the subject is a mammal.

90. The method of any of claims 86 through 88, wherein the subject is a human.

91. The method of any of claims 86 through 90, wherein the DD12 or the pharmaceutical composition is administered simultaneously with, before or after administration of an opioid.

92. The method of any of claims 86 through 91, wherein the DD12 is administered as a dose of from about 0.1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams.

93. The method of any of claims 86 through 92, wherein DD12 or the pharmaceutical composition is administered perioperatively or postoperatively with a dose of opioid.

94. The method of any one of claims 86 through 94, wherein the administering of DD12 is from about 2 to about 6 times per day.

95. A method of treating pain in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject DD12 or administering a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 79 through 84.

96. The method of claim 95, wherein the DD12 is free of DD9, DD10, variants thereof or salts thereof.

97. The method of either of claims 95 or 96, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of: a dopamine antagonist and, optionally, an opioid.

98. The method of any of claims 95 through 97, wherein the dopamine antagonist or the pharmaceutical composition is administered by oral administration, parenteral administration, sublingual administration, transdermal administration, rectal administration, transmucosal administration, topical administration, inhalation, buccal administration, intrapleural administration, intravenous administration, intraarterial administration, intraperitoneal administration, subcutaneous administration, intramuscular administration, intranasal administration, intrathecal administration, and intraarticular administration, or combinations thereof.

99. The method of any of claims 95 through 98, wherein the subject is a mammal.

100. The method of any of claims 95 through 99, wherein the subject is a human.

101. The method of any of claims 95 through 100, wherein DD12 or the pharmaceutical composition is administered simultaneously with, before or after administration of an opioid.

102. The method of any of claims 95 through 101, wherein DD12 is administered as a dose of from about 0.1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams.

103. The method of any of claims 95 through 102, wherein DD12 or the pharmaceutical composition is administered perioperatively or postoperatively with a dose of opioid.

104. The method of any one of claims 95 through 103, wherein the administering is from about 2 to about 6 times per day.

105. A method of preventing drug-liking comprising administering to the subject DD12 or administering a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 79 through 85.

106. The method of claim 105, wherein the DD12 is free of DD9, DD10, variants thereof or salts thereof.

107. The method of either of claims 105 or 106, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of one or a combination of: DD12 and an opioid.

108. The method of any of claims 105 through 107, wherein the dopamine antagonist or the pharmaceutical composition is administered by oral adminstration, parenteral administration, sublingual administration, transdermal administration, rectal administration, transmucosal administration, topical administration, inhalation, buccal administration, intrapleural administration, intravenous administration, intraarterial administration, intraperitoneal administration, subcutaneous administration, intramuscular administration, intranasal administration, intrathecal administration, and intraarticular administration, or combinations thereof.

109. The method of any of claims 105 through 108, wherein the subject is a mammal.

110. The method of any of claims 105 through 109, wherein the subject is a human.

111. The method of any of claims 105 through 110, wherein the DD12 or the pharmaceutical composition is administered simultaneously with, before or after administration of an opioid.

112. The method of any of claims 105 through 111, wherein DD12 is administered as a dose of from about 0.1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams.

113. The method of any of claims 105 through 112, wherein the DD12 or the pharmaceutical composition is administered perioperatively or postoperatively with a dose of opioid.

114. The method of any one of claims 105 through 113, wherein the administering of DD12 is from about 2 to about 6 times per day.

115. A method of reducing event-related pain response in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of DD12 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 79 through 85.

116. The method of claim 115, wherein the DD12 is free of DD9, DD10, variants thereof or salts thereof.

117. The method of either of claims 115 or 116, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of one or a combination of a dopamine antagonist and an opioid, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

118. The method of any of claims 115 through 117, wherein the dopamine antagonist or the pharmaceutical composition is administered by oral administration, parenteral administration, sublingual administration, transdermal administration, rectal administration, transmucosal administration, topical administration, inhalation, buccal administration, intrapleural administration, intravenous administration, intraarterial administration, intraperitoneal administration, subcutaneous administration, intramuscular administration, intranasal administration, intrathecal administration, and intraarticular administration, or combinations thereof.

119. The method of any of claims 115 through 118, wherein the subject is a mammal.

120. The method of any of claims 115 through 119, wherein the subject is a human.121 . The method of any of claims 115 through 120, wherein the DD12 or the pharmaceutical composition administered simultaneously with, before or after administration of an opioid.

122. The method of any of claims 115 through 121, wherein DD12 is administered as a dose of from about 0.1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams.

123. The method of any of claims 115 through 122, wherein the dopamine antagonist is administered perioperatively or postoperatively with a dose of opioid.

124. The method of any one of claims 115 through 123, wherein the administering is from about 2 to about 6 times per day.

124. A method of preventing opioid use disorder in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject DD12 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 79 through 85.

125. The method of claim 124, wherein the DD12 is free of DD9, DD10 and / or analogs thereof.

126. The method of either of claims 124 or 125, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of one or a combination of DD12 and an opioid.

127. The method of and of claims 124 through 126, wherein the dopamine antagonist or the pharmaceutical composition is administered by oral administration, parenteral administration, sublingual administration, transdermal administration, rectal administration, transmucosal administration, topical administration, inhalation, buccal administration, intrapleural administration, intravenous administration, intraarterial administration, intraperitoneal administration, subcutaneous administration, intramuscular administration, intranasal administration, intrathecal administration, and intraarticular administration, or combinations thereof.

128. The method of any of claims 124 through 127, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is an oral dosage form.

129. The method of any of claims 124 through 128, wherein the subject is a human.

130. The method of any of claims 124 through 129, wherein the DD12 or the pharmaceutical composition is administered simultaneously with, before or after administration of an opioid.

131. The method of any of claims 124 through 130, wherein the DD12 is administered as a oral or liquid dosage form comprising from about 0.1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams.

132. The method of any of claims 124 through 131, wherein the DD12 or the pharmaceutical composition is administered perioperatively or postoperatively with a dose of opioid.

133. The method of any one of claims 124 through 132, wherein the step of administering comprise administering DD12 from about 2 to about 6 times per day.

134. A method of anesthetizing a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject: (i) a pharmaceutical composition comprising DD12 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; or (ii) a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 79 through 85.

135. The method of claim 134, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is free of DD9, DD10, variants thereof or salts thereof.

136. The method of either of claims 133 or 134, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of one or a combination of: DD12 and an opioid.

136. The method of any of claims 133 through 135, wherein the dopamine antagonist or the pharmaceutical composition is administered by oral administration, parenteral administration, sublingual administration, transdermal administration, rectal administration, transmucosaladministration, topical administration, inhalation, buccal administration, intrapleural administration, intravenous administration, intraarterial administration, intraperitoneal administration, subcutaneous administration, intramuscular administration, intranasal administration, intrathecal administration, and intraarticular administration, or combinations thereof.

137. The method of any of claims 133 through 136, wherein the subject is a mammal.

138. The method of any of claims 133 through 137, wherein the subject is a human.

139. The method of any of claims 133 through 138, wherein the DD12 or the pharmaceutical composition is administered simultaneously with, before or after administration of an opioid.

140. The method of any of claims 133 through 139, wherein the DD 12 is administered as a dose of from about 0.1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams.

141. The method of any of claims 133 through 140, wherein the DD12 or the pharmaceutical composition is administered perioperatively or postoperatively with a dose of opioid.

142. The method of any one of claims 133 through 141, wherein the administering of DD12 is from about 2 to about 6 times per day.

143. A method of potentiating analgesic effect of an opioid comprising administering to the subject DD12 or administering to the subject a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; or a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 79 through 85.

144. The method of claim 143, wherein the DD12 is free of DD9, DD10, variants thereof or salts thereof.

145. The method of either of claims 143 or 144, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of one or a combination of DD12 and an opioid.

146. The method of any of claims 143 through 145, wherein the dopamine antagonist or the pharmaceutical composition is administered by oral administration, parenteral administration, sublingual administration, transdermal administration, rectal administration, transmucosal administration, topical administration, inhalation, buccal administration, intrapleural administration, intravenous administration, intraarterial administration, intraperitoneal administration, subcutaneous administration, intramuscular administration, intranasal administration, intrathecal administration, and intraarticular administration, or combinations thereof.

147. The method of any of claims 143 through 146, wherein the subject is a mammal.

148. The method of any of claims 143 through 147, wherein the subject is a human.

149. The method of any of claims 143 through 148, wherein the DD12 or the pharmaceutical composition is administered simultaneously with, before or after administration of an opioid.

150. The method of any of claims 143 through 149, wherein the DD 12 is administered as a dose of from about 0.1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams.

151. The method of any of claims 143 through 150, wherein the DD12 or the pharmaceutical composition is administered perioperatively or postoperatively with a dose of opioid.

152. The method of any of claims 143 through 151, wherein the administering of DD12 is from about 2 to about 4 times per day.

153. A method of inhibiting dopaminergic effect in a cell comprising exposing the cell to a composition comprising exposing the cell to DD12 and an opioid.

154. The method of claim 153, wherein the composition is free of DD9, DD10, variants thereof or salts thereof.

155. The method of either of claims 153 or 154, wherein the composition comprises the DD12 at a total mass of from about 0.1 to about 2.5 milligrams, and the opioid at a total mass of from about 0.2 milligrams to about 150 milligrams.

156. The method of any of claims 153 through 155, wherein the opioid is chosen from: morphine, codeine, hydromorphone, fentanyl, hydrocodone, levorphanol, meperidine, methadone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, tramadol, tapentadol, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a prodrug thereof.

157. The method of any of claims 153 through 156, wherein the opioid is fentanyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein the mass of fentanyl is from about 100 micrograms to about 500 micrograms.

158. The method of any of claims 153 through 157, wherein the step of exposing is performed in vitro.

159. The method of any of claims 153 through 158, wherein the step of exposing is performed in vivo.

160. The method of any of claim 153 through 159, wherein the administering of DD12 is form about 2 to about 6 times per day.

161. A pharmaceutical composition in an oral dosage form, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a dopamine antagonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at an amount in a range from about 0.1 mg to about 19 mg.

162. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 161, wherein the dopamine antagonist comprises DD12.

163. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 162, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is free of DD9.

164. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 162 or 163, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is free of DD10.

165. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 161, wherein the dopamine antagonist comprises Amisulpride.

166. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 165 comprising no more than about 4 mg Risperidone.

167. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 165 or 166 comprising no more than about 31 mg Olanzapine.

168. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 165 through 167, wherein the composition is free of Risperidone.

169. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 165 through 168, wherein the composition is free of Olanzapine.

170. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 165 through 169, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is free one or more of: Aripiprazole, Asenapine, Benperidol, Chlorpromazine, Clopenthixol, Chlorprothixene, Clotiapine, Clozapine, Droperidol, Flupenthixol, Fluphenazine, Haloperidol, Levomepromazine, Loxapine, Lurasidone, Mesoridazine, Methotrimeprazine, Molindone, Olanzapine, Oxypertine, Paliperidone, Periciazine, Perphenazine, Pimozide, Prochlorperazine, Quetiapine, Remoxipride, Risperidone, Sertindole, Sulpiride, Thioridazine, Thiothixene, Trifluoperazine, Trifluperidol, Triflupromazine, Ziprasidone, Zotepine, or Zuclopenthixol, salts or derivatives thereof.171 . The pharmaceutical composition of claim 170, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is free of Aripiprazole, Asenapine, Benperidol, Chlorpromazine, Clopenthixol, Chlorprothixene, Clotiapine, Clozapine, Droperidol, Flupenthixol, Fluphenazine, Haloperidol, Levomepromazine, Loxapine, Lurasidone, Mesoridazine, Methotrimeprazine, Molindone, Olanzapine, Oxypertine, Paliperidone, Periciazine, Perphenazine, Pimozide, Prochlorperazine, Quetiapine, Remoxipride, Risperidone, Sertindole, Sulpiride, Thioridazine, Thiothixene, Trifluoperazine, Trifluperidol, Triflupromazine, Ziprasidone, Zotepine, or Zuclopenthixol, salts or derivatives thereof.

172. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 161, wherein the dopamine antagonist comprises at least one of: Amisulpride, Aripiprazole, Asenapine, Benperidol, Chlorpromazine, Clopenthixol, Chlorprothixene, Clotiapine, Clozapine, Droperidol, Flupenthixol, Fluphenazine, Haloperidol, Levomepromazine, Loxapine, Lurasidone, Mesoridazine, Methotrimeprazine, Molindone, Olanzapine, Oxypertine, Paliperidone, Periciazine, Perphenazine, Pimozide, Prochlorperazine, Quetiapine, Remoxipride, Risperidone, Sertindole, Sulpiride, Thioridazine, Thiothixene, Trifluoperazine, Trifluperidol, Triflupromazine, Ziprasidone, Zotepine, or Zuclopenthixol.

173. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 161, where the dopamine antagonist comprises one of Amisulpride, Aripiprazole, Asenapine, Benperidol, Chlorpromazine, Clopenthixol, Chlorprothixene, Clotiapine, Clozapine, Droperidol, Flupenthixol, Fluphenazine, Haloperidol, Levomepromazine, Loxapine, Lurasidone, Mesoridazine, Methotrimeprazine, Molindone, Olanzapine, Oxypertine, Paliperidone, Periciazine, Perphenazine, Pimozide, Prochlorperazine, Quetiapine, Remoxipride, Risperidone, Sertindole, Sulpiride, Thioridazine, Thiothixene, Trifluoperazine, Trifluperidol, Triflupromazine, Ziprasidone, Zotepine, or Zuclopenthixol or a salt or derivative thereof.

174. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 161, where the dopamine antagonist consists essentially of one of Amisulpride, Aripiprazole, Asenapine, Benperidol, Chlorpromazine, Clopenthixol, Chlorprothixene, Clotiapine, Clozapine, Droperidol, Flupenthixol, Fluphenazine, Haloperidol, Levomepromazine, Loxapine, Lurasidone, Mesoridazine, Methotrimeprazine, Molindone, Olanzapine, Oxypertine, Paliperidone, Periciazine, Perphenazine, Pimozide, Prochlorperazine, Quetiapine, Remoxipride, Risperidone, Sertindole, Sulpiride, Thioridazine,Thiothixene, Trifluoperazine, Trifluperidol, Triflupromazine, Ziprasidone, Zotepine, or Zuclopenthixol.

175. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 161, where the dopamine antagonist consists of one of Amisulpride, Aripiprazole, Asenapine, Benperidol, Chlorpromazine, Clopenthixol, Chlorprothixene, Clotiapine, Clozapine, Droperidol, Flupenthixol, Fluphenazine, Haloperidol, Levomepromazine, Loxapine, Lurasidone, Mesoridazine, Methotrimeprazine, Molindone, Olanzapine, Oxypertine, Paliperidone, Periciazine, Perphenazine, Pimozide, Prochlorperazine, Quetiapine, Remoxipride, Risperidone, Sertindole, Sulpiride, Thioridazine, Thiothixene, Trifluoperazine, Trifluperidol, Triflupromazine, Ziprasidone, Zotepine, or Zuclopenthixol.

176. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 161 through 175, wherein the therapeutically effective amount of the dopamine antagonist is the combined amount of all dopamine antagonists in the pharmaceutical composition.

177. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 161 through 176, wherein the therapeutically effective amount of the dopamine antagonist is in a range from about 1 mg to about 2 mg, about 3 mg, about 4 mg, about 5 mg, about 6 mg, about 7mg, about 8 mg, about 9 mg, about 10 mg, about 11 mg, about 12 mg, about 13 mg, about 14 mg, about 15 mg, about 16 mg, about 17 mg, or about 18 mg.

178. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 161 through 176, wherein the amount of the dopamine antagonist is in a range from about 2 mg to about 3 mg, about 4 mg, about 5 mg, about 6 mg, about 7mg, about 8 mg, about 9 mg, about 10 mg, about 11 mg, about 12 mg, about 13 mg, about 14 mg, about 15 mg, about 16 mg, about 17 mg, or about 18 mg.

179. The pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 161 through 178 further comprising an effective amount of an opioid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

180. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 179, wherein the opioid comprises at least one of Morphine, Codeine, Hydromorphone, Hydromorphone, Fentanyl, Fentanyl, Fentanyl, Fentanyl,Fentanyl, Hydrocodone, Levorphanol, Meperidine, Meperidine, Methadone, Oxycodone, Oxymorphone, Tramadol, or Tapentadol.

181. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 179, wherein the opioid comprises one of Morphine, Codeine, Hydromorphone, Hydromorphone, Fentanyl, Fentanyl, Fentanyl, Fentanyl, Fentanyl, Hydrocodone, Levorphanol, Meperidine, Meperidine, Methadone, Oxycodone, Oxymorphone, Tramadol, or Tapentadol.

182. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 179, wherein the opioid consists essentially of one of Morphine, Codeine, Hydromorphone, Hydromorphone, Fentanyl, Fentanyl, Fentanyl, Fentanyl, Fentanyl, Hydrocodone, Levorphanol, Meperidine, Meperidine, Methadone, Oxycodone, Oxymorphone, Tramadol, or Tapentadol.

183. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 179, wherein the opioid consists of one of Morphine, Codeine, Hydromorphone, Hydromorphone, Fentanyl, Fentanyl, Fentanyl, Fentanyl, Fentanyl, Hydrocodone, Levorphanol, Meperidine, Meperidine, Methadone, Oxycodone, Oxymorphone, Tramadol, or Tapentadol.

184. A method of reducing event-related pain response in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 179 through 183.

185. A method of potentiating analgesic effect of an opioid in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 179 through 183.

186. A method of anesthetizing a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 179 through 183.

187. A method preventing opioid dependence comprising administering to a subject in need thereof the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 161 through 183.

188. A method of treating pain in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 161 through 183.

189. A method of preventing drug-liking comprising in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 161 through 183.

190. A method of preventing opioid use disorder in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 161 through 183.

191. The method of any of claims 184 through 190, wherein the subject is a mammal.

192. The method of any of claims 184 through 190, wherein the subject is a human.

193. The method of any of claims 184 through 192, wherein the pharmaceutical composition of one of claims 161 through 178 is administered simultaneously with, before, or after administration of an opioid.

194. The method of any of claims 184 through 193, wherein the dopamine antagonist is administered as a dose of from about 0.1 milligrams to about 2 milligrams.

195. The method of any of claims 184 through 194, wherein the method is free of serotonin release caused by the opioid and / or free of hallucination effect caused by the dopamine antagonist.

196. A method of inhibiting dopaminergic effect in a cell comprising exposing the cell to a composition comprising exposing the cell the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 161 through 183.

197. The method of claim 196, wherein the exposing is performed in vitro.

198. The method of claim 196, wherein the exposing is performed in vivo.

199. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a dopamine antagonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the dopamine antagonist is in a mass amount of from about 0.02 mg to about 495.30 mg.

200. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 199 further comprising an opioid, wherein the opioid is in a mass amount from about 1 mg to about 300 mg.

201. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 199 or 200, wherein the composition is free of DD9.

202. The pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 199 - 201, wherein the dopamine antagonist is Amisulpride or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with a mass amount is from about 0.39 mg to about 410.73 mg.

203. A method of treating or preventing an opioid use disorder in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject the pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 199 — 202.

204. The method of claim 203, wherein the step of administering is performed from about 2 to about 6 times a day.

205. A method of anesthetizing a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject the pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 199 - 202.

206. The method of claim 205, wherein the step of administering is performed from about 2 to about 6 times a day.

207. A method of treating or preventing an opioid addiction in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject the pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 199 — 202.

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