Improved modulation technique related to wireless communication system

Abstract

The present disclosure proposes various signaling techniques related to an improved unequal modulation (UEQM) technique. Such a UEQM technique may be related to the generation of a signal (SIG) field including a user field. For example, the user field may include a UEQM information field having the length of 1 bit, and a UEQM pattern field having the length of 2 bits, which is consecutive to the UEQM information field. For example, the UEQM information field may include information related to whether or not UEQM is applied. For example, the UEQM pattern field may include information related to a UEQM pattern applied to at least two spatial streams.

Description

TITLE IMPROVED MODULATION TECHNIQUE RELATED TO WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM TECHNICAL FIELD [1]     The present specification relates to a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, and more specifically, relates to an improved method and device related to modulation of a wireless LAN system. BACKGROUND ART [2]    A wireless LAN or wireless local area network (WLAN) has been improved in various ways. For example, an Extreme high throughput (EHT) specification may use newly proposed increased bandwidth, an improved physical protocol data unit (PPDU) structure, an improved sequence, a Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) technique, and the like. The EHT specification may be referred to as the IEEE 802.11be specification. [3]     In order to support high throughput and a high data rate, the EHT specification may use wide bandwidth (e.g., 160 / 320 MHz), 16 streams, and / or multi-link (or multi-band) operation, and the like. [4]     In the EHT specification, wide bandwidth (e.g., 160 / 240 / 320 MHz) may be used for high throughput. In addition, preamble puncturing and multiple RU transmission may be used in order to efficiently use bandwidth. [5]    A WLAN system may be further improved through an Ultra High Reliability (UHR) specification. The UHR system may be referred to as the IEEE 802.11bn specification. The UHR system aims to support ultra-high reliability in signal transmission to a STA. For this, various technologies are being considered for the UHR system in order to support high throughput, low latency, extended range, and the like. [6]    A WLAN system performs medium access based on a primary channel. For example, information related to a primary channel having a 20 MHz bandwidth is delivered to multiple STAs through a management frame, and a STA attempting frame exchange may perform access to the primary channel. SPECIFICATION TECHNICAL PROBLEM [7]     In order to increase spectral efficiency in a new wireless LAN system, a new modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level / index / parameter may be considered. When an improvement occurs in a conventional MCS technique, an improved technology may be required for various communications such as downlink and uplink. [8]     In addition, in a new wireless LAN system, an unequal modulation (UEQM) technology may be applied in order to improve a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gap between different spatial streams. When an improved UEQM technique is applied, an improved technology may be required for various communications such as downlink and uplink. TECHNICAL SOLUTION [9]     The present specification proposes various signaling techniques related to an improved MCS technique and / or an improved UEQM technique.

[10] Among various examples of the present specification, a method related to a UEQM technique may relate to generation of a signal (SIG) field including a user field. For example, the user field may include a UEQM information field having a length of 1 bit, and a UEQM pattern field having a length of 2 bits and contiguous to the UEQM information field. For example, the UEQM information field may include information related to whether UEQM is applied. For example, the UEQM pattern field may include information related to a UEQM pattern applied to at least two spatial streams (or two or more spatial streams). ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS

[11] The present specification proposes a signaling technique that delivers information related to an improved MCS technique and an improved UEQM pattern when the improved MCS technique and / or the UEQM technique is applied in uplink or downlink. Through this, a STA supporting uplink or downlink can accurately support the improved MCS technique and / or the UEQM technique. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[12] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a transmitting device and / or receiving device of the present specification.

[13] Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a structure of a wireless LAN (WLAN).

[14] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a general link setup process.

[15] Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment of a multi-link (ML).

[16] Figure 5 describes a PPDU transmitted / received at a STA of the present specification.

[17] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of resource units (RUs) used for a 20 MHz PPDU.

[18] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of resource units (RUs) used for a 40 MHz PPDU.

[19] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of resource units (RUs) used for an 80 MHz PPDU.

[20] Figure 9 illustrates an operation according to UL-MU.

[21] Figure 10 illustrates an example of a channel used / supported / defined within a 2.4 GHz band.

[22] Figure 11 illustrates an example of a channel used / supported / defined within a 5 GHz band.

[23] Figure 12 illustrates an example of a channel used / supported / defined within a 6 GHz band.

[24] Figure 13 illustrates an example of a header of a MAC frame.

[25] Figure 14 illustrates a modified example of a transmitting device and / or receiving device of the present specification.

[26] Figures 15 and 16 are diagrams illustrating an imbalance occurring for at least one spatial stream (SS).

[27] Figures 17 and 18 relate to an example of a user info field proposed by the present specification.

[28] Figures 19 and 20 are examples of a user info field proposed in the present specification.

[29] Figure 21 is an example of an SS allocation field proposed by the present specification.

[30] Figure 22 illustrates an example of a Trigger Dependent User Info field including UEQM information.

[31] Figure 23 is another example of a user info field configured based on the abovedescribed content.

[32] Figure 24 illustrates an example of a user field proposed by the present specification.

[33] Figure 25 is another example of a user info field.

[34] Figure 26 illustrates an example of a user field proposed by the present specification.

[35] Figure 27 is an example of a procedure flowchart related to the present specification.

[36] Figure 28 is an example of a procedure flowchart related to the present specification. DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

[37] In the present specification, “A or B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” In other words, in the present specification, “A or B” may be interpreted as “A and / or B.” For example, in the present specification, “A, B or C” may mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.”

[38] A slash ( / ) or a comma used in the present specification may mean “and / or.” For example, “A / B” may mean “A and / or B.” Accordingly, “A / B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” For example, “A, B, C” may mean “A, B or C.”

[39] In the present specification, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” In addition, in the present specification, the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted the same as “at least one of A and B.”

[40] In addition, a parenthesis used in the present specification may mean “for example.” Specifically, when indicated as “control information (UHR-Signal field),” the “UHR-Signal field” may be proposed as an example of the “control information.” In other words, the “control information” of the present specification is not limited to the “UHR-Signal field,” and the “UHR-Signal field” may be proposed as an example of the “control information.” In addition, even when indicated as “control information (UHR-Signal field),” the “UHR-Signal field” may be proposed as an example of the “control information.”

[41] In addition, “a / an” used in the present specification may mean “at least one” or “one or more.” In addition, a term ending with “(s)” may mean “at least one” or “one or more.”

[42] In addition, the expression “based on” or “on the basis of” or “according to” used in the present specification means “based at least in part on,” and does not mean “based solely on.”

[43] In the present specification, technical features that are individually described within one drawing may be implemented individually or may be implemented simultaneously.

[44] The following examples of the present specification may be applied to various wireless communication systems. For example, the following examples of the present specification may be applied to a wireless local area network (WLAN) system. For example, the present specification may be applied to the specifications of IEEE 802.11a / g / n / ac / ax / be / bn. In addition, an example of the present specification may also be applied to an Ultra High Reliability (UHR) specification or a next-generation wireless LAN specification that enhances IEEE 802.11bn. In addition, an example of the present specification may be applied to a mobile communication system. For example, it may be applied to a mobile communication system based on Long Term Evolution (LTE) based on the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specification and evolution thereof.

[45] Hereinafter, in order to describe the technical features of the present specification, technical features to which the present specification may be applied are described.

[46] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a transmitting device and / or receiving device of the present specification.

[47] The example of Figure 1 may perform various technical features described below. Figure 1 relates to at least one station (STA). For example, the STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification may also be called various names such as a mobile terminal, a wireless device, a Wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU), a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Station (MS), a Mobile Subscriber Unit, or simply a user. The STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification may be called various names such as a network, a Base Station, a Node-B, an Access Point (AP), a repeater, a router, and a relay. The STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification may be called various names such as a receiving apparatus, a transmitting device, a receiving STA, a transmitting STA, a receiving Device, and a transmitting Device.

[48] For example, the STAs 110 and 120 may perform the role of an access Point (AP) or perform the role of a non-AP. That is, the STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification may perform the function of an AP and / or a non-AP. In the present specification, an AP may also be indicated as an AP STA.

[49] The STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification may also support various communication specifications other than the IEEE 802.11 specification. For example, they may support a communication specification based on the 3GPP specification (e.g., the LTE, LTE-A, and 5G NR specifications), and the like. In addition, the STA of the present specification may be implemented as various devices such as a mobile phone, a vehicle, and a personal computer. In addition, the STA of the present specification may support communication for various communication services such as a voice call, a video call, data communication, and self-driving (autonomous-driving).

[50] In the present specification, the STAs 110 and 120 may include a medium access control (MAC) conforming to the provisions of the IEEE 802.11 standard and a Physical Layer interface for a wireless medium.

[51] The STAs 110 and 120 are described below based on sub-figure (a) of Figure 1.

[52] A first STA 110 may include a processor 111, a memory 112, and a transceiver 113. The illustrated processor, memory, and transceiver may each be implemented as a separate chip, or at least two or more blocks / functions may be implemented through one chip.

[53] The transceiver 113 of the first STA performs a transmission and reception operation of a signal. Specifically, it may transmit and receive an IEEE 802.11 packet (e.g., IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be, and the like).

[54] For example, the first STA 110 may perform an intended operation of an AP. For example, the processor 111 of the AP may receive a signal through the transceiver 113, process the received signal, generate a transmission signal, and perform control for signal transmission. The memory 112 of the AP may store a signal received through the transceiver 113 (i.e., a received signal), and may store a signal to be transmitted through the transceiver (i.e., a transmission signal).

[55] For example, the second STA 120 may perform an intended operation of a Non-AP STA. For example, the transceiver 123 of the non-AP performs a transmission and reception operation of a signal. Specifically, it may transmit and receive an IEEE 802.11 packet (e.g., IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be, and the like).

[56] For example, the processor 121 of the Non-AP STA may receive a signal through the transceiver 123, process the received signal, generate a transmission signal, and perform control for signal transmission. The memory 122 of the Non-AP STA may store a signal received through the transceiver 123 (i.e., a received signal), and may store a signal to be transmitted through the transceiver (i.e., a transmission signal).

[57] For example, in the following specification, an operation of a device indicated as an AP may be performed in the first STA 110 or the second STA 120. For example, when the first STA 110 is an AP, the operation of the device indicated as the AP is controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110, and a related signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver 113 controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110. In addition, control information related to the operation of the AP or a transmission / reception signal of the AP may be stored in the memory 112 of the first STA 110. In addition, when the second STA 110 is an AP, the operation of the device indicated as the AP is controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120, and a related signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver 123 controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120. In addition, control information related to the operation of the AP or a transmission / reception signal of the AP may be stored in the memory 122 of the second STA 110.

[58] For example, in the following specification, an operation of a device indicated as a nonAP (or User-STA) may be performed in the STA 110 or the second STA 120. For example, when the second STA 120 is a non-AP, the operation of the device indicated as the non-AP is controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120, and a related signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver 123 controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120. In addition, control information related to the operation of the non-AP or a transmission / reception signal of the AP may be stored in the memory 122 of the second STA 120. For example, when the first STA 110 is a non-AP, the operation of the device indicated as the non-AP is controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110, and a related signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver 113 controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 120. In addition, control information related to the operation of the non-AP or a transmission / reception signal of the AP may be stored in the memory 112 of the first STA 110.

[59] In the following specification, a device called a (transmitting / receiving) STA, a first STA, a second STA, a STA1, a STA2, an AP, a first AP, a second AP, an AP1, an AP2, a (transmitting / receiving) Terminal, a (transmitting / receiving) device, a (transmitting / receiving) apparatus, a network, or the like may mean the STAs 110 and 120 of Figure 1. For example, a device indicated as a (transmitting / receiving) STA, a first STA, a second STA, a STA1, a STA2, an AP, a first AP, a second AP, an AP1, an AP2, a (transmitting / receiving) Terminal, a (transmitting / receiving) device, a (transmitting / receiving) apparatus, a network, or the like without a specific reference numeral may also mean the STAs 110 and 120 of Figure 1. For example, in the following examples, an operation in which various STAs transmit and receive a signal (e.g., a PPDU) may be performed in the transceivers 113 and 123 of Figure 1. In addition, in the following examples, an operation in which various STAs generate a transmission / reception signal or perform data processing or computation in advance for a transmission / reception signal may be performed in the processors 111 and 121 of Figure 1. For example, examples of the operation of generating a transmission / reception signal or performing data processing or computation in advance for a transmission / reception signal may include 1) an operation of determining / acquiring / configuring / computing / decoding / encoding bit information of a subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in a PPDU, 2) an operation of determining / configuring / acquiring a time resource or a frequency resource (e.g., a subcarrier resource) used for a subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in a PPDU, 3) an operation of determining / configuring / acquiring a specific sequence (e.g., a pilot sequence, an STF / LTF sequence, an extra sequence applied to SIG) used for a subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in a PPDU, 4) a power control operation and / or a power saving operation applied to a STA, and 5) an operation related to determination / acquisition / configuration / computation / decoding / encoding of an ACK signal. In addition, in the following examples, various information (e.g., information related to a field / subfield / control field / parameter / power, and the like) used by various STAs for determination / acquisition / configuration / computation / decoding / encoding of a transmission / reception signal may be stored in the memories 112 and 122 of Figure 1.

[60] The above-described device / STA of sub-figure (a) of Figure 1 may be modified as in sub-figure (b) of Figure 1. Hereinafter, the STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification are described based on sub-figure (b) of Figure 1.

[61] For example, the transceivers 113 and 123 illustrated in sub-figure (b) of Figure 1 may perform the same function as the transceiver illustrated in sub-figure (a) of Figure 1 described above. For example, the processing chips 114 and 124 illustrated in sub-figure (b) of Figure 1 may include the processors 111 and 121 and the memories 112 and 122. The processors 111 and 121 and the memories 112 and 122 illustrated in sub-figure (b) of Figure 1 may perform the same functions as the processors 111 and 121 and the memories 112 and 122 illustrated in subfigure (a) of Figure 1 described above.

[62] A mobile terminal, a wireless device, a Wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU), a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Station (MS), a Mobile Subscriber Unit, a user, a user STA, a network, a Base Station, a Node-B, an Access Point (AP), a repeater, a router, a relay, a receiving device, a transmitting device, a receiving STA, a transmitting STA, a receiving Device, a transmitting Device, a receiving Apparatus, and / or a transmitting Apparatus, which are described below, may mean the STAs 110 and 120 illustrated in sub-figure (a) / (b) of Figure 1, or may mean the processing chips 114 and 124 illustrated in sub-figure (b) of Figure 1. That is, the technical features of the present specification may be performed in the STAs 110 and 120 illustrated in sub-figure (a) / (b) of Figure 1, or may be performed only in the processing chips 114 and 124 illustrated in sub-figure (b) of Figure 1. For example, the technical feature in which a transmitting STA transmits a control signal may be understood as the technical feature in which a control signal generated in the processors 111 and 121 illustrated in sub-figure (a) / (b) of Figure 1 is transmitted through the transceivers 113 and 123 illustrated in sub-figure (a) / (b) of Figure 1. Alternatively, the technical feature in which a transmitting STA transmits a control signal may be understood as the technical feature in which a control signal to be delivered to the transceivers 113 and 123 is generated in the processing chips 114 and 124 illustrated in sub-figure (b) of Figure 1.

[63] For example, the technical feature in which a receiving STA receives a control signal may be understood as the technical feature in which a control signal is received by the transceivers 113 and 123 illustrated in sub-figure (a) of Figure 1. Alternatively, the technical feature in which a receiving STA receives a control signal may be understood as the technical feature in which a control signal received by the transceivers 113 and 123 illustrated in subfigure (a) of Figure 1 is acquired by the processors 111 and 121 illustrated in sub-figure (a) of Figure 1. Alternatively, the technical feature in which a receiving STA receives a control signal may be understood as the technical feature in which a control signal received by the transceivers 113 and 123 illustrated in sub-figure (b) of Figure 1 is acquired by the processing chips 114 and 124 illustrated in sub-figure (b) of Figure 1.

[64] Referring to sub-figure (b) of Figure 1, software codes 115 and 125 may be included in the memories 112 and 122. The software codes 115 and 125 may include an instruction for controlling the operation of the processors 111 and 121. The software codes 115 and 125 may be included in various programming languages.

[65] The processors 111 and 121 or the processing chips 114 and 124 illustrated in Figure 1 may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, a logic circuit, and / or a data processing device. The processor may be an application processor (AP). For example, the processors 111 and 121 or the processing chips 114 and 124 illustrated in Figure 1 may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a Modem (modulator and demodulator). For example, the processors 111 and 121 or the processing chips 114 and 124 illustrated in Figure 1 may be a SNAPDRAGON® series processor manufactured by Qualcomm®, an EXYNOS® series processor manufactured by Samsung®, an A series processor manufactured by Apple®, a HELIO® series processor manufactured by MediaTek®, an ATOM® series processor manufactured by INTEL®, or a processor that enhances these.

[66] In the present specification, uplink may mean a link for communication from a non-AP STA to an AP STA, and an uplink PPDU / packet / signal, and the like may be transmitted through uplink. In addition, in the present specification, downlink may mean a link for communication from an AP STA to a non-AP STA, and a downlink PPDU / packet / signal, and the like may be transmitted through downlink.

[67] Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a structure of a wireless LAN (WLAN).

[68] The upper part of Figure 2 illustrates the structure of an infrastructure basic service set (BSS) of the institute of electrical and electronic engineers (IEEE) 802.11.

[69] Referring to the upper part of Figure 2, a wireless LAN system may include one or more infrastructure BSSs 200 and 205 (hereinafter, BSS). The BSSs 200 and 205 are a set of an AP and a STA, such as an access point (AP) 225 and a STA1 (Station, 200-1), which can successfully synchronize and communicate with each other, and are not a concept indicating a specific area. The BSS 205 may include one or more STAs 205-1 and 205-2 that can be coupled to one AP 230.

[70] A BSS may include at least one STA, APs 225 and 230 providing a distribution Service, and a distribution System (DS) 210 connecting multiple APs.

[71] The distribution system 210 may connect several BSSs 200 and 205 to implement an extended service set (ESS) 240, which is an extended service set. The ESS 240 may be used as a term indicating one network formed by one or several APs being connected through the distribution system 210. An AP included in one ESS 240 may have the same service set identification (SSID).

[72] A portal 220 may perform the role of a bridge that performs connection between a wireless LAN network (IEEE 802.11) and another network (e.g., 802.X).

[73] In a BSS such as that in the upper part of Figure 2, a network between the APs 225 and 230 and a network between the APs 225 and 230 and the STAs 200-1, 205-1, and 205-2 may be implemented. However, it may also be possible to perform communication by establishing a network between STAs without the APs 225 and 230. A network that performs communication by establishing a network between STAs without the APs 225 and 230 is defined as an Ad-Hoc network or an independent basic service set (IBSS).

[74] The lower part of Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an IBSS.

[75] Referring to the lower part of Figure 2, an IBSS is a BSS operating in an ad-hoc mode. Since an IBSS does not include an AP, there is no centralized management entity that performs a management function at the center. That is, in an IBSS, the STAs 250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, and 255-5 are managed in a distributed manner. In an IBSS, all of the STAs 250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, and 255-5 may be formed of mobile STAs, and since access to a distribution system is not permitted, they form a self-contained network.

[76] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a general link setup process.

[77] In the illustrated step S310, a STA may perform a network discovery operation. The network discovery operation may include a scanning operation of the STA. That is, in order for a STA to access a network, it must find a network in which it can participate. A STA must identify a compatible network before participating in a wireless network, and a process of identifying a network existing in a specific area is called scanning. Scanning methods include active scanning and passive scanning.

[78] Figure 3 exemplarily illustrates a network discovery operation including an active scanning process. In active scanning, a STA performing scanning transmits a probe request frame and waits for a response thereto in order to search for which AP exists nearby while moving through channels. A responder transmits a probe response frame as a response to the probe request frame to the STA that transmitted the probe request frame. Here, the responder may be a STA that last transmitted a beacon frame in a BSS of a channel being scanned. In a BSS, since an AP transmits a beacon frame, the AP becomes the responder, and in an IBSS, since STAs within the IBSS transmit a beacon frame in turn, the responder is not fixed. For example, a STA that transmitted a probe request frame on channel 1 and received a probe response frame on channel 1 may store BSS-related information included in the received probe response frame, move to the next channel (e.g., channel 2), and perform scanning in the same manner (i.e., probe request / response transmission and reception on channel 2).

[79] Although not illustrated in the example of Figure 3, the scanning operation may also be performed in a passive scanning manner. A STA performing scanning based on passive scanning may wait for a beacon frame while moving through channels. A beacon frame is one of the management frames in IEEE 802.11, and is periodically transmitted in order to notify of the existence of a wireless network and to allow a STA performing scanning to find the wireless network and participate in the wireless network. In a BSS, an AP performs the role of periodically transmitting a beacon frame, and in an IBSS, STAs within the IBSS transmit a beacon frame in turn. When a STA performing scanning receives a beacon frame, it stores information about the BSS included in the beacon frame and records beacon frame information in each channel while moving to another channel. A STA that received a beacon frame may store BSS-related information included in the received beacon frame, move to the next channel, and perform scanning in the next channel in the same manner.

[80] A STA that has discovered a network may perform an authentication process through step S320. This authentication process may be referred to as a first authentication process in order to clearly distinguish it from a security setup operation of step S340 described later. The authentication process of S320 may include a process in which a STA transmits an authentication request frame to an AP, and in response thereto, the AP transmits an authentication response frame to the STA. The authentication frame used for the authentication request / response corresponds to a management frame.

[81] An authentication frame may include information about an authentication algorithm number, an authentication transaction sequence number, a status code, a challenge text, a Robust Security Network (RSN), a Finite Cyclic Group, and the like.

[82] A STA may transmit an authentication request frame to an AP. The AP may determine whether to permit authentication for the corresponding STA based on information included in the received authentication request frame. The AP may provide the result of the authentication processing to the STA through an authentication response frame.

[83] A successfully authenticated STA may perform an association process based on step S330. The association process includes a process in which a STA transmits an association request frame to an AP, and in response thereto, the AP transmits an association response frame to the STA. For example, an association request frame may include information about information related to various capabilities, a beacon listen interval, a service set identifier (SSID), supported rates, supported channels, an RSN, a mobility domain, supported operating classes, a Traffic Indication Map Broadcast request (TIM broadcast request), an interworking service capability, and the like. For example, an association response frame may include information such as information related to various capabilities, a status code, an Association ID (AID), supported rates, an Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) parameter set, a Received Channel Power Indicator (RCPI), a Received Signal to Noise Indicator (RSNI), a mobility domain, a timeout interval (association comeback time), overlapping BSS scan parameters, a TIM broadcast response, and a QoS map.

[84] Thereafter, in step S340, a STA may perform a security setup process. The security setup process of step S340 may include, for example, a process of performing a private key setup through 4-way handshaking through an Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frame.

[85] Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment of a multi-link (ML).

[86] As illustrated in Figure 4, a plurality of multi-link devices (MLDs) may perform communication through a multi-link. The MLD may be classified into an AP MLD including a plurality of AP STAs and a non-AP MLD including a plurality of non-AP STAs. That is, an AP MLD may include affiliated APs (i.e., AP STAs), and a non-AP MLD may include affiliated STAs (i.e., non-AP STAs, or user-STAs).

[87] A multi-link may include a first link and a second link, and different channels / subchannels / frequency resources may be allocated to the first and second links. The first and second multi-links may be identified through a link ID having a length of 4 bits (or another n-bit length). The first and second links may be configured in the same 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, or 6 GHz band. Alternatively, the first link and the link may be configured in different bands.

[88] The AP MLD of Figure 4 includes three affiliated APs. In the example of Figure 4, AP1 may operate in a 2.4 GHz band, AP2 may operate in a 5 GHz band, and AP3 may operate in a 6 GHz band. In the example of Figure 4, a first link in which AP1 and non-AP1 operate may be defined as a channel / subchannel / frequency resource within the 2.4 GHz band. In addition, in the example of Figure 4, a second link in which AP2 and non-AP2 operate may be defined as a channel / subchannel / frequency resource within the 5 GHz band. In addition, in the example of Figure 4, a third link in which AP3 and non-AP3 operate may be defined as a channel / subchannel / frequency resource within the 6 GHz band.

[89] In the example of Figure 4, AP1 may start a multi-link setup procedure (ML setup procedure) by transmitting an Association Request frame to non-AP STA1. In the example of Figure 4, non-AP STA1 may transmit an Association Response frame as a response to the Association Request frame. Each AP illustrated in Figure 4 (e.g., AP1 / 2 / 3) may be identical to the AP illustrated in Figure 1 and / or Figure 2, and each non-AP illustrated in Figure 4 (e.g., non-AP1 / 2 / 3) may be identical to the STA (i.e., a user-STA or a non-AP STA) illustrated in Figure 1 and / or Figure 2.

[90] The specific features of the present specification are not limited to the specific features of Figure 4. That is, the number of links may be variously defined, and a plurality of links may be variously defined within at least one band.

[91] Figure 5 describes a PPDU (physical protocol data unit or physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit) transmitted / received at a STA of the present specification.

[92] A STA of the present specification (e.g., an AP STA, a non-AP STA, an AP MLD, or a non-AP MLD) may transmit and / or receive the PPDU of Figure 5. The PPDU described in the present specification may have, for example, the structure of Figure 5. In addition, the PPDU described in the present specification may be called various names such as an Ultra High Reliability (UHR) PPDU, a transmission PPDU, a reception PPDU, a first type PPDU, or an Nth type PPDU. The PPDU described in the present specification may be used in a WLAN system defined based on IEEE 802.11bn and / or a next-generation WLAN system that improves IEEE 802.11bn.

[93] The PPDU of Figure 5 may relate to various PPDU types used in a UHR system. For example, the example of Figure 5 may be used for at least any one of a single-user (SU) mode / type / transmission, a multi-user (MU) mode / type / transmission, and a null data packet (NDP) mode / type / transmission related to channel sounding. For example, when the example of Figure 5 relates to NDP, the illustrated Data field may be omitted. When the PPDU of Figure 5 is used for a Trigger-based (TB) mode, the UHR-SIG of Figure 5 may be omitted. In other words, a STA that has received a Trigger frame for Uplink-MU (UL-MU) communication may transmit a PPDU in which the UHR-SIG is omitted in the example of Figure 5.

[94] In Figure 5, L-STF to UHR-LTF may be called a preamble or a physical preamble, and may be generated / transmitted / received / acquired / decoded in a physical layer (included in a transmitting / receiving STA).

[95] Each block illustrated in Figure 5 may be called a field / subfield / signal, and the like. The names of such fields / subfields / signals may be, as illustrated in Figure 5, a legacy short training field (L-STF), a legacy long training field (L-LTF), a legacy signal (L-SIG), a repeated L-SIG (RL-SIG), a Universal Signal (U-SIG), a UHR-signal (UHR-SIG), and the like.

[96] The subcarrier spacing of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and UHR-SIG fields of Figure 5 may be determined as 312.5 kHz, and the subcarrier spacing of the UHR-STF, UHR-LTF, and Data fields may be determined as 78.125 kHz. That is, the tone index (or subcarrier index) of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and UHR-SIG fields may be indicated in units of 312.5 kHz, and the tone index (or subcarrier index) of the UHR-STF, UHR-LTF, and Data fields may be indicated in units of 78.125 kHz.

[97] In the PPDU of Figure 5, the L-LTF and the L-STF may be identical to conventional fields (e.g., a non-HT LTF and a non-HT STF defined in a conventional WLAN standard).

[98] The L-SIG field of Figure 5 may include, for example, 24 bits of bit information. For example, the 24-bit information may include a 4-bit Rate field, a 1-bit Reserved bit, a 12-bit Length field, a 1-bit Parity bit, and 6-bit Tail bits. For example, the 12-bit Length field may include information related to the length or time duration of a PPDU. For example, the value of the 12-bit Length field may be determined based on the type of the PPDU. For example, when a PPDU is a non-High Throughput (non-HT), High Throughput (HT), or Very High Throughput (VHT) PPDU, or an extremely high throughput (EHT) PPDU or a UHR PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as a multiple of 3. For example, when a PPDU is an HE PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as “a multiple of 3 + 1” or “a multiple of 3 + 2.” In other words, for a non-HT, HT, or VHT PPDU, or an EHT PPDU or a UHR PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as a multiple of 3, and for a High Efficiency (HE) PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as “a multiple of 3 + 1” or “a multiple of 3 + 2.” In other words, the LENGTH field in an UHR PPDU is set to a value satisfying the condition that the remainder is zero when LENGTH is divided by 3.

[99] For example, a (non-AP and AP) STA may apply BCC encoding based on a code rate of 1 / 2 to the 24-bit information of the L-SIG field. Thereafter, a transmitting STA may acquire 48 bits of BCC-encoded bits. Binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation may be applied to the 48 encoded bits so that 48 BPSK symbols are generated. A transmitting STA may map the 48 BPSK symbols to positions excluding pilot subcarriers {subcarrier indexes -21, -7, +7, +21} and a DC subcarrier {subcarrier index 0}. As a result, the 48 BPSK symbols may be mapped to subcarrier indexes -26 to -22, -20 to -8, -6 to -1, +1 to +6, +8 to +20, and +22 to +26. A transmitting STA may additionally map signals of {-1, -1, -1, 1} to subcarrier indexes {-28, -27, +27, +28}. The above signals may be used for channel estimation for a frequency region corresponding to {-28, -27, +27, +28}.

[100] For example, a (non-AP and AP) STA may generate an RL-SIG that is generated identically to the L-SIG. BPSK modulation may be applied to the RL-SIG. A receiving (non-AP and AP) STA may know that a received PPDU is an HE PPDU, an EHT PPDU, or a UHR PPDU based on the presence of the RL-SIG. In other words, when the RL-SIG is present, a receiving (non-AP and AP) STA may know that a received PPDU is any one of an HE PPDU, an EHT PPDU, and a UHR PPDU. In other words, when the RL-SIG is not present, a receiving (non-AP and AP) STA may know that a received PPDU is any one of a non-HT PPDU, an HT PPDU, and a VHT PPDU. In other words, the RL-SIG field is a repeat of the L-SIG field and is used to differentiate an UHR PPDU from a non-HT PPDU, HT PPDU, and VHT PPDU.

[101] After the RL-SIG of Figure 5, a U-SIG (Universal SIG) may be inserted. The U-SIG may be called various names such as a first SIG field, a first SIG, a first type SIG, a control signal, a control signal field, a first (type) control signal, a common control field, and a common control signal.

[102] The U-SIG may include N bits of information, and may include information for identifying the type of an EHT PPDU. For example, the U-SIG may be configured based on two symbols (e.g., two contiguous OFDM symbols). Each symbol (e.g., an OFDM symbol) for the U-SIG may have a duration of 4 us. Each symbol of the U-SIG may be used to transmit 26 bits of information. For example, each symbol of the U-SIG may be transmitted and received based on 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones.

[103] Through the U-SIG, for example, A bits of information (e.g., 52 un-coded bits) may be transmitted, and a first symbol of the U-SIG may transmit the first X bits of information (e.g., 26 un-coded bits) among the total A bits of information, and a second symbol of the U-SIG may transmit the remaining Y bits of information (e.g., 26 un-coded bits) among the total A bits of information. For example, a transmitting STA may acquire 26 un-coded bits included in each U-SIG symbol. A transmitting STA may perform convolutional encoding (i.e., BCC encoding) based on a rate of R=1 / 2 to generate 52-coded bits, and may perform interleaving on the 52-coded bits. A transmitting STA may perform BPSK modulation on the interleaved 52-coded bits to generate 52 BPSK symbols allocated to each U-SIG symbol. One U-SIG symbol may be transmitted based on 56 tones (subcarriers) from subcarrier index -28 to subcarrier index +28, excluding DC index 0. The 52 BPSK symbols generated by a transmitting STA may be transmitted based on the remaining tones (subcarriers) excluding the pilot tones -21, -7, +7, and +21.

[104] For example, the A bits of information (e.g., 52 un-coded bits) transmitted by the U-SIG may include a CRC field (e.g., a field having a length of 4 bits) and a tail field (e.g., a field having a length of 6 bits). The CRC field and the tail field may be transmitted through the second symbol of the U-SIG. The CRC field may be generated based on the 26 bits allocated to the first symbol of the U-SIG and the remaining 16 bits excluding the CRC / tail field within the second symbol, and may be generated based on a conventional CRC calculation algorithm. In addition, the tail field may be used to terminate the trellis of a convolutional decoder, and may be set to, for example, “000000.”

[105] The A bits of information (e.g., 52 un-coded bits) transmitted by the U-SIG (or the U-SIG field) may be divided into version-independent bits and version-dependent bits. For example, the size of the version-independent bits may be fixed or variable. For example, the version-independent bits may be allocated only to the first symbol of the U-SIG, or the versionindependent bits may be allocated to both the first symbol and the second symbol of the U-SIG. For example, the version-independent bits and the version-dependent bits may be called various names such as first control bits and second control bits.

[106] For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include a 3-bit PHY version identifier. For example, the 3-bit PHY version identifier may include information related to the PHY version of a transmission / reception PPDU. For example, a first value (e.g., a value of 000) of the 3-bit PHY version identifier may indicate that a transmission / reception PPDU is an EHT PPDU. In addition, a second value (e.g., a value of 001) of the 3-bit PHY version identifier may indicate that a transmission / reception PPDU is a UHR PPDU.

[107] In other words, when an (AP / non-AP) STA transmits an EHT PPDU, it may set the 3-bit PHY version identifier to the first value. In other words, a receiving (AP / non-AP) STA may determine that a received PPDU is an EHT PPDU based on the PHY version identifier having the first value, and may determine that a received PPDU is a UHR PPDU based on the PHY version identifier having the second value.

[108] For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include a 1-bit UL / DL flag field. A first value of the 1-bit UL / DL flag field relates to UL communication, and a second value of the UL / DL flag field relates to DL communication.

[109] For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include information related to the length of a transmission opportunity (TXOP) and information related to a BSS color ID.

[110] For example, when a UHR PPDU is divided into various types (e.g., a type related to SU transmission (performed based on UL or DL), a type related to DL transmission, a type related to NDP transmission, a type related to DL non-MU-MIMO, a type related to DL MU-MIMO, a type related to Multi-AP operation, a type related to Coordinated beamforming (CBF) or Spatial Reuse (SR), a type related to Coordinated OFDMA (C-OFDMA), or a type related to Coordinated TDMA (C-TDMA)), information related to the type of an EHT PPDU (e.g., 2-bit or 3-bit information) may be included in the version-dependent bits of the U-SIG.

[111] For example, the U-SIG may include information about 1) a bandwidth field including information related to bandwidth, 2) a field including information related to a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) technique applied to the UHR-SIG, 3) an indication field including information related to whether a dual subcarrier modulation (DCM) technique is applied to the UHR-SIG, 4) a field including information related to the number of symbols used for the UHR-SIG, 5) a field including information related to whether the UHR-SIG is generated over the entire band, 6) a field including information related to the type of the UHR-LTF / STF, and 7) a field indicating the length of the UHR-LTF and the CP length.

[112] Preamble puncturing may be applied to the PPDU of Figure 5. Preamble puncturing means applying puncturing to a partial band (e.g., a Secondary 20 MHz band) among the entire band of a PPDU. For example, when an 80 MHz PPDU is transmitted, a STA may apply puncturing to a secondary 20 MHz band among the 80 MHz band, and may transmit the PPDU only through a primary 20 MHz band and a secondary 40 MHz band.

[113] For example, a pattern of preamble puncturing may be set in advance. For example, when a first puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied only to a secondary 20 MHz band within an 80 MHz band. For example, when a second puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied only to any one of two secondary 20 MHz bands included in a secondary 40 MHz band within an 80 MHz band. For example, when a third puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied only to a secondary 20 MHz band included in a primary 80 MHz band within a 160 MHz band (or an 80+80 MHz band). For example, when a fourth puncturing pattern is applied, a primary 40 MHz band included in a primary 80 MHz band within a 160 MHz band (or an 80+80 MHz band) is present, and puncturing may be applied to at least one 20 MHz channel that does not belong to the primary 40 MHz band.

[114] Information related to preamble puncturing applied to a PPDU may be included in the U-SIG and / or the UHR-SIG. For example, a first field of the U-SIG may include information related to a contiguous bandwidth of a PPDU, and a second field of the U-SIG may include information related to preamble puncturing applied to a PPDU.

[115] For example, the U-SIG and the UHR-SIG may include information related to preamble puncturing based on the method below. When the bandwidth of a PPDU exceeds 80 MHz, the U-SIG may be individually configured in units of 80 MHz. For example, when the bandwidth of a PPDU is 160 MHz, the corresponding PPDU may include a first U-SIG for a first 80 MHz band and a second U-SIG for a second 80 MHz band. In this case, a first field of the first U-SIG may include information related to a 160 MHz bandwidth, and a second field of the first U-SIG may include information related to preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (i.e., information related to a preamble puncturing pattern). In addition, a first field of the second U-SIG may include information related to a 160 MHz bandwidth, and a second field of the second U-SIG may include information related to preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (i.e., information related to a preamble puncturing pattern). Meanwhile, a UHR-SIG that follows the first U-SIG may include information related to preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (i.e., information related to a preamble puncturing pattern), and a UHR-SIG that follows the second U-SIG may include information related to preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (i.e., information related to a preamble puncturing pattern).

[116] Additionally or alternatively, the U-SIG and the UHR-SIG may include information related to preamble puncturing based on the method below. The U-SIG may include information related to preamble puncturing for all bands (i.e., information related to a preamble puncturing pattern). That is, the UHR-SIG may not include information related to preamble puncturing, and only the U-SIG may include information related to preamble puncturing (i.e., information related to a preamble puncturing pattern).

[117] The U-SIG may be configured in units of 20 MHz. For example, when an 80 MHz PPDU is configured, the U-SIG may be duplicated. That is, four identical U-SIGs may be included within an 80 MHz PPDU. A PPDU exceeding an 80 MHz bandwidth may include different U-SIGs.

[118] The UHR-SIG of Figure 5 may include control information for a receiving STA. The UHR-SIG may be transmitted through at least one symbol, and one symbol may have a length of 4 us. Information related to the number of symbols used for the UHR-SIG may be included in the U-SIG.

[119] The UHR-SIG provides an additional signal to the U-SIG field so that a STA can interpret / decode a UHR PPDU. U-SIG overflow bits that are commonly applied to all users may be included in the UHR-SIG field. In addition, since resource allocation information is included in the UHR-SIG field, it is possible for a STA to look up resources used in fields including the Data field / UHR-STF / UHR-LTF (i.e., UHR modulated fields of an UHR PPDU).

[120] The frequency resources of the UHR-LTF, UHR-STF, and Data fields illustrated in Figure 5 may be determined based on an RU (resource unit) defined by a plurality of subcarriers / tones. That is, the UHR-LTF, UHR-STF, and Data fields of the present specification may be transmitted / received through an RU (resource unit) defined by a plurality of subcarriers / tones.

[121] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of resource units (RUs) used for a 20 MHz PPDU. That is, the UHR-LTF, UHR-STF, and / or Data field included in a 20 MHz PPDU may be transmitted / received through at least any one of the various RUs defined in Figure 6.

[122] As illustrated at the top of Figure 6, a 26-unit (i.e., a unit corresponding to 26 tones) may be arranged. In the leftmost band of the 20 MHz band, 6 tones may be used as a Guard band, and in the rightmost band of the 20 MHz band, 5 tones may be used as a guard band. In addition, 7 DC tones are inserted in the center band, i.e., the DC band, and 26-units corresponding to 13 tones each may exist on the left and right sides of the DC band. In addition, a 26-unit, a 52-unit, and a 106-unit may be allocated to other bands. Each unit may be allocated for a receiving station, i.e., a user.

[123] Meanwhile, the RU arrangement of Figure 6 is utilized not only in a situation for multiple users (MU) but also in a situation for a single user (SU), and in this case, as illustrated at the bottom of Figure 4, it is possible to use one 242-unit, and in this case, 3 DC tones may be inserted.

[124] In the example of Figure 6, RUs of various sizes, i.e., a 26-RU, a 52-RU, a 106-RU, a 242-RU, and the like, are proposed, and since the specific sizes of such RUs may be extended or increased, the present embodiment is not limited to the specific size of each RU (i.e., the number of corresponding tones). In the present specification, an N-RU may be indicated as an N-tone RU, and the like. For example, a 26-RU may be indicated as a 26-tone RU.

[125] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of resource units (RUs) used for a 40 MHz PPDU.

[126] Just as RUs of various sizes are used in the example of Figure 6, a 26-RU, a 52-RU, a 106-RU, a 242-RU, a 484-RU, and the like may also be used in the example of Figure 7. In addition, 5 DC tones may be inserted at the center frequency, 12 tones may be used as a Guard band in the leftmost band of the 40 MHz band, and 11 tones may be used as a guard band in the rightmost band of the 40 MHz band.

[127] In addition, as illustrated, when used for a single user, a 484-RU may be used. Meanwhile, the point that the specific number of RUs may be changed is the same as in the example of Figure 6.

[128] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of resource units (RUs) used for an 80 MHz PPDU. The arrangement of resource units (RUs) used in the present specification may be variously changed. For example, the arrangement of resource units (RUs) used on an 80 MHz band may be variously changed.

[129] Figure 9 illustrates an operation according to UL-MU. As illustrated, a transmitting STA (e.g., an AP) may perform channel access through contending (i.e., a Backoff operation) to acquire a TXOP 925, and may transmit a Trigger frame 930. That is, a transmitting STA (e.g., an AP) may transmit a PPDU including the Trigger Frame 930. When a PPDU including a Trigger frame is received, a trigger-based (TB) PPDU is transmitted after a delay of SIFS.

[130] The TB PPDUs 941 and 942 are transmitted in the same time period, and may be transmitted from a plurality of STAs (e.g., User STAs) whose AIDs are indicated within the Trigger frame 930. An ACK frame 950 for a TB PPDU may be implemented in various forms. For example, an ACK frame 950 for a TB PPDU may be implemented in the form of a block ACK (BA).

[131] In Figure 9, the transmission(s) of the Trigger Frame 930, the TB PPDUs 941 and 942, and / or the ACK frame 950 may be performed within the TXOP 925.

[132] Figure 10 illustrates an example of a channel used / supported / defined within a 2.4 GHz band.

[133] The 2.4 GHz band may be called another name such as a first band. In addition, the 2.4 GHz band may mean a frequency region in which channels whose center frequency is adjacent to 2.4 GHz (e.g., channels whose center frequency is located within 2.4 to 2.5 GHz) are used / supported / defined.

[134] A plurality of 20 MHz channels may be included in the 2.4 GHz band. The 20 MHz within the 2.4 GHz band may have a plurality of channel indexes (e.g., index 1 to index 14). For example, the center frequency of a 20 MHz channel to which channel index 1 is allocated may be 2.412 GHz, the center frequency of a 20 MHz channel to which channel index 2 is allocated may be 2.417 GHz, and the center frequency of a 20 MHz channel to which channel index N is allocated may be (2.407 + 0.005*N) GHz. A channel index may be called various names such as a channel number. The specific numerical values of the channel index and the center frequency may be changed.

[135] Figure 10 exemplarily illustrates four channels within the 2.4 GHz band. The illustrated first frequency region 1010 to fourth frequency region 1040 may each include one channel. For example, the first frequency region 1010 may include channel 1 (a 20 MHz channel having index 1). At this time, the center frequency of channel 1 may be set to 2412 MHz. The second frequency region 1020 may include channel 6. At this time, the center frequency of channel 6 may be set to 2437 MHz. The third frequency region 1030 may include channel 11. At this time, the center frequency of channel 11 may be set to 2462 MHz. The fourth frequency region 1040 may include channel 14. At this time, the center frequency of channel 14 may be set to 2484 MHz.

[136] Figure 11 illustrates an example of a channel used / supported / defined within a 5 GHz band.

[137] The 5 GHz band may be called another name such as a second band / region. The 5 GHz band may mean a frequency region in which channels whose center frequency is 5 GHz or more and less than 6 GHz (or less than 5.9 GHz) are used / supported / defined. Alternatively, the 5 GHz band may include a plurality of channels between 4.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz. The specific numerical values illustrated in Figure 11 may be changed.

[138] A plurality of channels within the 5 GHz band include Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII)-1, UNII-2, UNII-3, and ISM. UNII-1 may be called UNII Low. UNII-2 may include frequency regions called UNII Mid and UNII-2Extended. UNII-3 may be called UNII-Upper.

[139] A plurality of channels may be configured within the 5 GHz band, and the bandwidth of each channel may be variously configured as 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz, and the like. For example, the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency region / range within UNII-1 and UNII-2 may be divided into eight 20 MHz channels. The 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency region / range may be divided into four channels through a 40 MHz frequency region. The 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency region / range may be divided into two channels through an 80 MHz frequency region. Alternatively, the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency region / range may be divided into one channel through a 160 MHz frequency region.

[140] Figure 12 illustrates an example of a channel used / supported / defined within a 6 GHz band.

[141] The 6 GHz band may be called another name such as a third band / region. The 6 GHz band may mean a frequency region in which channels whose center frequency is 5.9 GHz or more are used / supported / defined. The specific numerical values illustrated in Figure 12 may be changed.

[142] For example, the 20 MHz channel of Figure 12 may be defined from 5.940 GHz. Specifically, the leftmost channel among the 20 MHz channels of Figure 12 may have index 1 (or a channel index, a channel number, and the like), and a center frequency of 5.945 GHz may be allocated thereto. That is, the center frequency of the channel of index N may be determined as (5.940 + 0.005*N) GHz.

[143] Accordingly, the index (or channel number) of the 20 MHz channel of Figure 12 may be 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65, 69, 73, 77, 81, 85, 89, 93, 97, 101, 105, 109, 113, 117, 121, 125, 129, 133, 137, 141, 145, 149, 153, 157, 161, 165, 169, 173, 177, 181, 185, 189, 193, 197, 201, 205, 209, 213, 217, 221, 225, 229, or 233. In addition, according to the above-described (5.940 + 0.005*N) GHz rule, the index of the 40 MHz channel of Figure 12 may be 3, 11, 19, 27, 35, 43, 51, 59, 67, 75, 83, 91, 99, 107, 115, 123, 131, 139, 147, 155, 163, 171, 179, 187, 195, 203, 211, 219, or 227.

[144] Hereinafter, the structure and type / subtype of a MAC frame are described.

[145] Figure 13 illustrates an example of a header of a MAC frame. As illustrated, a MAC frame may include a frame control field / information having a length of 2 octets, a duration field / information having a length of 2 octets, a Receiver Address (RA) field / information having a length of 6 octets, and a Transmitter Address (TA) field / information having a length of 6 octets. As illustrated in Figure 13, the four fields may be contiguous to each other. The MAC header of Figure 13 may be variously modified, and a new field may be inserted between the four illustrated fields or at least one of the illustrated fields may be omitted.

[146] The MAC header illustrated in Figure 13 may be located at the very front of a MAC frame. That is, a MAC frame may include a MAC header such as that of Figure 13 and a MAC body field / information that is contiguous to the MAC header. A MAC frame including the MAC header of Figure 13 is inserted / included in the data field of the PPDU illustrated in Figure 5 (e.g., a UHR PPDU).

[147] A MAC frame included in the data field of a PPDU of the present specification may be classified into various types. For example, a MAC frame of the present specification may be classified into a control frame, a management frame, and a data frame.

[148] For example, a management frame includes Association Request, Association Response, Reassociation Request, Reassociation Response, Probe Request, Probe Response, Beacon, Disassociation, Authentication, and Deauthentication frames / signals defined in a conventional WLAN. For the management frame, the value of the type field (B3 and B2) of Figure 13 is set to 00. In addition, the values of the subtype field (B7, B6, B5, B4) of Figure 13 are as follows: Association Request (0000), Association Response (0001), Reassociation Request (0010), Reassociation Response (0011), Probe Request (0100), Probe Response (0101), Beacon (1000), Disassociation (1010), Authentication (1011), and Deauthentication (1100).

[149] For example, a control frame includes Trigger, Beamforming Report Poll, NDP Announcement (NDPA), Control Frame Extension, Control Wrapper, Block Ack Request (BlockAckReq), Block Ack (BlockAck), PS-Poll, RTS, CTS, Ack, and CF-End frames / signals defined in a conventional WLAN. For the control frame, the value of the type field (B3 and B2) of Figure 13 is set to 01. In addition, the values of the subtype field (B7, B6, B5, B4) of Figure 13 are as follows: Trigger (0010), Beamforming Report Poll (0100), NDP Announcement (0101), Control Frame Extension (0110), Control Wrapper (0111), BlockAckReq (1000), BlockAck (1001), PS-Poll (1010), RTS (1011), CTS (1100), Ack (1101), and CF-End (1110).

[150] For example, a data frame includes (QoS) Data, (QoS) Null, and the like defined in a conventional WLAN. For the management frame, the value of the type field (B3 and B2) of Figure 13 is set to 10.

[151] A MAC frame / signal used in the present specification may be identified through the above-described type field / information and subtype field / information. For example, a “trigger frame” of the present specification may mean a MAC frame in which the B3 and B2 bits, which are the type bits within the frame control field of the MAC header, are set to 01, and the B7, B6, B5, and B4 bits, which are the subtype bits within the frame control field, are set to 0010. The various MAC frames described in the present specification are inserted / included in the data field of various PPDUs (e.g., an HE / VHT / HE / EHT / UHR PPDU).

[152] Figure 14 illustrates a modified example of a transmitting device and / or receiving device of the present specification.

[153] The devices illustrated in Figures 1 to 4 (e.g., an AP STA, a non-AP STA) may be modified as in Figure 14. The transceiver 630 of Figure 14 may be identical to the transceivers 113 and 123 of Figure 1. The transceiver 630 of Figure 14 may include a receiver and a transmitter.

[154] The processor 610 of Figure 14 may be identical to the processors 111 and 121 of Figure 1. Alternatively, the processor 610 of Figure 14 may be identical to the processing chips 114 and 124 of Figure 1.

[155] The memory 150 of Figure 14 may be identical to the memories 112 and 122 of Figure 1. Alternatively, the memory 150 of Figure 14 may be a separate external memory different from the memories 112 and 122 of Figure 1.

[156] Referring to Figure 14, a power management module 611 manages power for the processor 610 and / or the transceiver 630. A battery 612 supplies power to the power management module 611. A display 613 outputs a result processed by the processor 610. A keypad 614 receives an input to be used by the processor 610. The keypad 614 may be displayed on the display 613. A SIM card 615 may be an integrated circuit used to securely store an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) used to identify and authenticate a subscriber in a mobile phone device such as a mobile phone and a computer, and a key related thereto.

[157] Referring to Figure 14, a speaker 640 may output a sound-related result processed by the processor 610. A microphone 641 may receive a sound-related input to be used by the processor 610.

[158] Next Wi-Fi (beyond 11be) aims to support ultra-high reliability (UHR) in signal transmission to a STA. In order to support such UHR, various technologies are being considered to support high throughput, low latency, extended range, and the like. For this, an additional MCS may be considered in order to increase spectral efficiency during signal transmission and reception and thereby improve throughput. Additionally or alternatively, an unequal modulation (UEQM) technology may be considered. The UEQM technology is a technology that takes into account an SNR imbalance for SSs during multiple input multiple output (MIMO) / beamforming transmission using two or more spatial streams (SS). For example, the UEQM technology may mean a technique that uses a different modulation (e.g., a different constellation mapping) for each SS.

[159] For example, the present specification may propose various technical features related to the UEQM technology. Such a UEQM technology may be used together with an enhanced / improved MCS Set proposed by the present specification. Additionally or alternatively, the MCS set proposed in the present specification may be used independently of the UEQM technology. That is, a technical operation related to the MCS set of the present specification may operate independently of the UEQM technology, and an operation related to the UEQM technology of the present specification may operate independently of the MCS set proposed in the present specification.

[160] Hereinafter, the UEQM technology is described.

[161] For example, since a signal is transmitted using a beamforming matrix formed based on singular value decomposition (SVD) during MIMO / Beamforming transmission, when a signal is transmitted using multiple SSs (spatial streams), a MIMO gain or SNR may be concentrated on a limited number of SSs including a first SS (e.g., a 1st SS). In other words, an imbalance in which a MIMO gain or SNR is concentrated only on at least one SS (or some SSs) including the first SS may occur.

[162] Hereinafter, an imbalance occurring for a specific SS (e.g., some SSs including the first SS) is described based on channel information formed based on SVD.

[163] [Equation 1]

[164] The singular values (e.g., singular value) of the diagonal matrix of Equation 1 are arranged in descending order of non-zero values. Therefore, when multiple SSs (spatial streams) are used in this manner, an SNR difference occurs between SSs (spatial streams).

[165] Figures 15 and 16 are diagrams illustrating an imbalance occurring for at least one SS. The examples of Figures 15 and 16 relate to an SNR difference between a first SS (1st SS) and the remaining SSs (e.g., a 2nd / 3rd / 4th SS) when two SSs or four SSs are used at 80 MHz.

[166] For example, as illustrated in Figure 15, when Nss (i.e., Number of SS) is 2, the range of the SNR gap between the first SS and the second SS is 7 to 15 dB, and the median value is approximately 10 dB. For example, as illustrated in Figure 16, when Nss is 4, it can be seen that, based on the median value, the second SS has a difference of approximately 5 dB, the third SS has a difference of 11 dB, and the fourth SS has a difference of 18 dB.

[167] When MIMO / beamforming transmission based on multiple SSs is performed as described above, it can be confirmed that an SNR gap occurs between SSs (spatial streams). Since different SNRs are had depending on the SS, when a signal is transmitted by applying the same MCS during MIMO / beamforming transmission, signal transmission efficiency may deteriorate due to the SNR gap. Therefore, during MIMO or beamforming transmission, it is technically advantageous to apply different modulations suitable for the SNR of an individual SS, taking into account the SNR gap for each SS. In other words, by applying UEQM, it is possible to apply a modulation suitable for the individual SNR of an SS (spatial stream), and based on this, signal transmission efficiency may be improved and throughput may be improved.

[168] For example, the UEQM of the present specification means applying a first MCS technique to a first SS and applying a second MCS technique to a second SS. For example, the first MCS technique may be identical to or different from the second MCS technique. In other words, MCS techniques applied to different SSs may be individually configured. For example, a plurality of MCS techniques related to UEQM (e.g., the first MCS technique and the second MCS technique) may be configured / set based on the same code rate. For example, a plurality of MCS techniques related to UEQM (e.g., the first MCS technique and the second MCS technique) may be based on the same code rate, but may be based on constellation mapping techniques / technologies that are individually configured with respect to each other.

[169] In other words, when a different modulation is applied for each SS (e.g., when a first MCS technique is applied to a first SS and a second MCS technique is applied to a second SS), the code rate may be fixed identically as described above in order to lower implementation complexity without requiring an additional encoder. Accordingly, a plurality of MCS techniques (e.g., the first MCS technique and the second MCS technique) may be based on the same code rate, but may apply modulations (i.e., constellation mapping techniques / technologies) that are individually configured with respect to each other.

[170] For example, the UEQM described below may be used for SU / MU transmission (or reception), SU-MIMO / MU-MIMO / non-MU-MIMO transmission (or reception), and OFDMA / non-OFDMA transmission (or reception). Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM described below may be applied to RUs of various sizes (e.g., a 26 / 52 / 106 / 242 / 484 / 996 / n*996-tone RU). For example, the UEQM described below may be applied to a regular RU (RRU), a distributed RU (DRU), and / or an MRU (e.g., a small / large size MRU).

[171] For example, in relation to the UEQM of the present specification (or independently of UEQM), a new MCS parameter (or index / level) set may be defined. For example, a new combination of a code rate and a modulation (i.e., constellation mapping) that has not been conventionally applied may be defined as follows.

[172] For example, in relation to the UEQM of the present specification, an MCS parameter set based on a code rate of 1 / 2 may be at least one of the MCS parameters below.

[173] First A parameter: 1 / 2 + 64 QAM

[174] Second A parameter: 1 / 2 + 256 QAM

[175] Third A parameter: 1 / 2 + 1024 QAM

[176] Fourth A parameter: 1 / 2 + 4096 QAM

[177] For example, in relation to the UEQM of the present specification, an MCS parameter set based on a code rate of 2 / 3 may be at least one of the MCS parameters below.

[178] First B parameter: 2 / 3 + QPSK

[179] Second B parameter: 2 / 3 + 16 QAM

[180] Third B parameter: 2 / 3 + 256 QAM

[181] Fourth B parameter: 2 / 3 + 1024 QAM

[182] Fifth B parameter: 2 / 3 + 4096 QAM

[183] For example, in relation to the UEQM of the present specification, an MCS parameter set based on a code rate of 5 / 6 may be at least one of the MCS parameters below.

[184] First C parameter: 5 / 6 + 16 QAM

[185] The above-described various parameters may be used for UEQM. Additionally or alternatively, the above-described various parameters may be used independently of UEQM. For example, at least one of the above-described various MCS parameters may be allocated / used for one SS (spatial stream) in relation to SU / OFDMA-transmission / reception.

[186] Among the above-described various MCS parameters, it is also possible to utilize only some MCS parameters, taking into account throughput gain and spectral efficiency. For example, in an IEEE 802.11bn system (or a UHR system), the following four MCS parameters may be additionally used. Additionally or alternatively, in a next-generation WLAN / WIFI system that further improves the IEEE 802.11bn system, the following four MCS parameters may also be additionally used. The four MCS parameters below may be called various names such as an extended / enhanced / improved / UHR-MCS parameter / index. The number of Extended MCS parameters may be four or more.

[187] Additionally or alternatively, examples of the Extended MCS parameters proposed in the present specification may be QPSK-2 / 3, 16QAM-2 / 3, 16QAM-5 / 6, and 256QAM-2 / 3. In addition to the 16 MCS parameters proposed in a conventional wireless LAN specification (MCS0 to MCS15 in Table 1 below), the four Extended MCS parameters of the present specification are shown in a table as follows. Additionally or alternatively, in Table 1 below and in the present specification, the Modulation related to an MCS parameter / index / level may mean a constellation mapping, and may mean, for example, BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM, 1024QAM, and / or 4096QAM, and the like. Additionally or alternatively, in Table 1 below and in the present specification, the code rate indicates the ratio of the actual information bit length k to the encoded codeword length n, and may be indicated as, for example, k / n, and may mean, for example, 1 / 2, 3 / 4, 2 / 3, and / or 5 / 6, and the like.

[188] [Table 1] MCS index Modulation Code rate MCS0 BPSK 1 / 2 MCS1 QPSK 1 / 2 MCS2 QPSK 3 / 4 MCS3 16QAM 1 / 2 MCS4 16QAM 3 / 4 MCS5 64QAM 2 / 3 MCS6 64QAM 3 / 4 MCS7 64QAM 5 / 6 MCS8 256QAM 3 / 4 MCS9 256QAM 5 / 6 MCS10 1024QAM 3 / 4 MCS11 1024QAM 5 / 6 MCS12 4096QAM 3 / 4 MCS13 4096QAM 5 / 6 MCS14 BPSK- DCM+DUP 1 / 2 MCS15 BPSK-DCM 1 / 2 MCS16 QPSK 2 / 3 MCS17 16QAM 2 / 3 MCS18 16QAM 5 / 6 MCS19 256QAM 2 / 3

[189] The four MCS parameters that are newly proposed compared to the conventional ones are expressed as MCS16 to MCS19 in Table 1 above. The order of the various MCS parameters expressed in Table 1 may be changed, taking into account various factors such as data rate and / or throughput.

[190] Hereinafter, the UEQM technology / transmission is described in relation to MCS parameters.

[191] For example, UEQM transmission may be considered when NSS is 1, 2, 3, or 4. Additionally or alternatively, the number of NSS may be variously changed. UEQM transmission may support different numbers of NSS for DL transmission and UL transmission. For example, UEQM related to DL may support a maximum of 4 NSS, and UEQM related to UL may support a maximum of 2 / 3 / 4 NSS. For example, UEQM related to DL may support a maximum of 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 NSS, and UEQM related to UL may support a maximum of 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 NSS.

[192] For example, Table 2 below relates to UEQM in which a maximum of 4 Nss are supported. For example, when 2 Nss are supported, a modulation (i.e., constellation mapping) indicated as M may be applied to a first SS as in the table below. In this case, a modulation (i.e., constellation mapping) indicated as M-1 or M-2 may be applied to a second SS.

[193] For example, when 3 Nss are supported, a modulation (i.e., constellation mapping) indicated as M may be applied to a first SS as in the table below. In this case, a modulation (i.e., constellation mapping) indicated as M or M-1 may be applied to a second SS. In this case, a modulation (i.e., constellation mapping) indicated as M-1 or M-2 may be applied to a third SS.

[194] For example, when a maximum of 4 Nss are supported, based on the above-described method, the modulation for the first / second / third / fourth SS may be set / configured based on M, M-1, and M-2 in the manner shown in Table 2 below.

[195] [Table 2] Total Nss 1st ss 2nd ss 3rd ss 4th ss 2ss M M-1 M M-2 3ss M M M-1 M M M-2 M M-1 M-2 4ss M M M M-1 M M M M-2 M M M-1 M-2

[196] In Table 2 above and in the following specification, the variable / index / parameter / level M is determined based on a modulation (i.e., constellation mapping) indicated by a 4-bit or 5-bit MCS field included in the UHR-SIG field (or a field included in various frames such as a trigger frame). For example, when 64QAM-3 / 4 is indicated by a 5-bit MCS included in the user field of the UHR-SIG field (e.g., an MU-MIMO user field or a non-MU-MIMO user field), M of the present specification may mean 64QAM. In this case, M-1 may mean a modulation (i.e., constellation mapping) that is one order lower than M. For example, if M is 64QAM, M-1 may mean 16QAM, M-2 may mean QPSK, and M-3 may mean BPSK.

[197] In Table 2 above and in the following specification, a modulation (i.e., constellation mapping) that is N orders lower (N is a natural number of 1 or more) may mean the following. For example, if M is 4096QAM, M-1 may mean 1024QAM, M-2 may mean 256QAM, M-3 may mean 64QAM, M-4 may mean 16QAM, M-5 may mean QPSK, and M-6 may mean BPSK. For example, if M is 1024QAM, M-1 may mean 256QAM, M-2 may mean 64QAM, M-3 may mean 16QAM, M-4 may mean QPSK, and M-5 may mean BPSK. For example, if M is 256QAM, M-1 may mean 64QAM, M-2 may mean 16QAM, M-3 may mean QPSK, and M-4 may mean BPSK. For example, if M is 16QAM, M-1 may mean QPSK, and M-2 may mean BPSK. For example, if M is QPSK, M-1 may mean BPSK.

[198] Additionally or alternatively, M may be defined as 16QAM or higher. Accordingly, M may be set only to 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM, 1024QAM, or 4096 QAM.

[199] As described above, the variable / index / parameter M may be determined / set / indicated based on MCS information / fields / subfields of various sizes described below (e.g., 5-bit MCS information, or 4-bit MCS information combined with 1 bit of MCS extension, or 4 / 5-bit UL MCS information, and the like).

[200] Technical Feature 1 - MCS extension

[201] Hereinafter, a technique for signaling a newly defined MCS parameter in relation to UEQM (or independently of UEQM) is proposed.

[202] As described above, the MCS field may be configured with 5 bits, taking into account the four newly added MCS levels / parameters / indexes (e.g., QPSK-2 / 3, 16QAM-2 / 3, 16QAM-5 / 6, and 256QAM-2 / 3). Additionally or alternatively, the user field of the UHR-SIG field and / or the user info field of a Trigger frame for indicating information related to MCS may be configured as follows.

[203] Technical Feature 1.1

[204] Hereinafter, an example of a User field included in the UHR SIG field is described. For example, the UHR SIG field may be a field that is contiguous to the U-SIG field, and may include a common info field and a user-specific field. The user field may be included in the userspecific field. For example, the user-specific field may include at least one user encoding block, and each user encoding block may include one or two user fields. The user field described below may be a user field for non-MU-MIMO communication or a user field for MU-MIMO communication.

[205] For example, the MCS field included in the UHR-SIG field may be configured with 5 bits. Additionally or alternatively, the MCS field may be defined using B11 to B15 of the UHR-SIG field. For example, taking into account the conventional EHT-SIG field, the MCS field may be extended using B15, which is a reserved bit of the EHT-SIG field, so that a newly added MCS can be indicated.

[206] For example, as in Table 3 below, B11 to B14 of the user field may be 4-bit information for identifying conventional MCS parameters / indexes / levels (e.g., including MCS0 to MCS15 described in Table 1), and B15 of the user field may be configured as 1 bit of MCS extension information / field / subfield.

[207] [Table 3] Bit Subfield Number of bits B0-B10 STA-ID 11 B11-B14 MCS 4 B15 MCS extension 1

[208] Additionally or alternatively, for MCS indication in a new wireless LAN system (e.g., a UHR system or next wi-fi), the MCS field is defined using B11-B15 and may be defined as follows.

[209] [Table 4] Bit Subfield Number of bits B0-B10 STA-ID 11 B11-B15 MCS 5

[210] As an example, when the MCS indication is extended using B15 as in Table 3 above, or when the MCS field is defined using 5 bits as in Table 4, the indication for the MCS table may be defined as follows

[211] [Table 5] B15 ~ B11 MCS index 00000 MCS0 00001 MCS1 00010 MCS2 00011 MCS3 00100 MCS4 00101 MCS5 00110 MCS6 00111 MCS7 01000 MCS8 01001 MCS9 01010 MCS10 01011 MCS11 01100 MCS12 01101 MCS13 01110 MCS14 01111 MCS15 10000 MCS16 10001 MCS17 10010 MCS18 10011 MCS19 10100~11111 Reserved

[212] That is, 5 bits may be available as described above in order to indicate an MCS set including the new MCS set. As another example, when the New MCS set is used, B15 (as an example, when used as an MCS extension bit) is set to 1, so that it can be known that the corresponding MCS indication indicates a new MCS. Conversely, when a conventional MCS is indicated, B15 is set to 0.

[213] Applying the above-described content to Table 5 is as follows. That is, there is no change in the 5-bit configuration related to MCS0 to MCS15 in Table 5. However, for MCS16 (QPSK-2 / 3) in Table 5, the MSB of the 5 bits (e.g., the B15 bit) is configured as 1, and the remaining 4 bits among the 5 bits may be configured with the same value as QPSK-1 / 2 (e.g., ‘1’ or 0001). In addition, for MCS17 (16QAM-2 / 3) in Table 5, the MSB of the 5 bits (e.g., the B15 bit) is configured as 1, and the remaining 4 bits among the 5 bits may be configured as ‘3’ or 0011. In addition, for MCS18 (16QAM-5 / 6) in Table 5, the MSB of the 5 bits (e.g., the B15 bit) is configured as 1, and the remaining 4 bits among the 5 bits may be configured as ‘4’ or 0100. In addition, for MCS19 (256QAM-2 / 3) in Table 5, the MSB of the 5 bits (e.g., the B15 bit) is configured as 1, and the remaining 4 bits among the 5 bits may be configured as ‘7’ or 0111.

[214] Technical Feature 1.2

[215] The above-described technical feature may be applied to at least one of a user field for MU-MIMO (allocation) and a user field for non-MU-MIMO (allocation). For example, the example of Technical Feature 1.2 described below may be applied only to a user field for MU-MIMO (allocation).

[216] For example, the newly added MCS parameters / indexes / levels (e.g., the four MCS parameters described above) may be used during MU-MIMO transmission. For example, the added MCS parameters may be classified as an extended MCS set, and such an extended MCS set may be identified / indicated by the various techniques below.

[217] For example, in a UHR system, the total Nss (number of SS) supported during MU-MIMO may be a maximum of 8, and in this case, the bit size of the Spatial Configuration field included in the User field may be 4 bits. For example, the Spatial Configuration field configured with 4 bits may be configured identically to the Spatial Configuration field defined in the HE-SIG use field of the conventional IEEE 802.11ax. In this case, 2 bits that can be available within the User field may be secured. Among the 2 bits secured in this way, one bit may be used to indicate an extended MCS set. In this case, the information configured with 1 bit may be used to identify / indicate the extended MCS set (QPSK-2 / 3, 16QAM-2 / 3, 16QAM-5 / 6, and 256QAM- 2 / 3) as described above. Additionally or alternatively, all MCS parameters / indexes / levels may be identified / indicated based on a total 5-bit MCS field rather than 1 bit of extended information.

[218] For example, the remaining 1 bit among the 2 bits secured as described above may be reserved. By using the method as described above, the size of the user field can be used without change during extended MCS set indication, so that signaling overhead can be reduced. Additionally or alternatively, the reserved 1 bit may be allocated for indication of a future feature defined in UHR or next wi-fi.

[219] Additionally or alternatively, the 1 bit of reserved information secured in the User field may include information related to whether long codeword LDPC (e.g., 2x LDPC) is supported / applied. For example, the 1-bit information related to 2x LDPC may be commonly included not only in a user field for MU-MIMO (allocation) but also in a user field for non-MU-MIMO (allocation).

[220] At least one of the above-described examples may be described based on Table 6 below. That is, the Spatial Configuration field configured with 6 bits in the user field of the conventional EHT-SIG field is configured with 4 bits, and the 1 bit secured through this may be used for future feature indication (or indication of a feature newly defined in next wi-fi or UHR) as described above.

[221] In addition, the remaining 1 bit among the additionally secured 2 bits may also be used as a bit for an Incorporated MCS field or MCS extension indication. Alternatively, the 1 bit may be used for MCS, and based on this, the MCS field may have a total length of 5 bits.

[222] [Table 6] Bit Subfield B0-B10 STA-ID B11-B15 MCS B16 Coding B17-B20 Spatial Configuration B21 Reserved / future feature indication

[223] Meanwhile, although not included in Table 6, as described above, the user field may include 1-bit information related to whether 2x LDPC is applied / supported, and such 1-bit information related to 2x LDPC may be included in the B22 bit of the user field. In addition, the 1-bit information related to 2x LDPC may be commonly included not only in a user field for MU-MIMO (allocation) but also in a user field for non-MU-MIMO (allocation).

[224] The bit order of the user format above is an example, and the order according to size may be configured differently from the above. That is, the position of the field may be configured differently from the above.

[225] Technical Feature 1.3

[226] Technical Feature 1.3 below is an example that modifies Technical Feature 1.2. For example, a user field for MU-MIMO (allocation) included within a conventional EHT-SIG field is configured with a 6-bit (B5 to B0 bits) Spatial Configuration field as in Table 7 below. Technical Feature 1.3 below may re-use any one bit (e.g., the MSB bit, the LSB bit, or the B5 bit) among the 6 bits (B5 to B0 bits) of information as in Table 7 as information related to MCS, and may allocate the remaining 5 bits of information for Spatial Configuration.

[227] The example of Table 7 relates to a case where N_user is 2, but in the 6-bit Spatial Configuration field conforming to the EHT specification, a specific one bit (e.g., the MSB bit, the LSB bit, or the B5 bit) is always set to 0. Based on this, any one bit among the 6-bit Spatial Configuration field conforming to the EHT specification (the MSB bit, the LSB bit, or the B5 bit among the 6-bit Spatial Configuration field) may be used as a bit for MCS indication (e.g., 1 bit of extended MCS indication or MCS bit extension information). Based on this, the size of the conventional MCS field may be increased to 5 bits, or 1 bit of extended MCS indication (or MCS bit extension) used together with the conventional 4-bit MCS field may be defined.

[228] [Table 7] N_User B5.B0 N SS [1] N SS [2] N SS [3] N SS [4] N SS [5] N SS [6] N SS [7] N SS [8] TotalN_SS Total entries 2 000000 000011 1-4 1 2-5 10 000100 000110 2-4 2 4-6 000111 001000 3-4 3 6-7 001001 4 4 8

[229] The MCS bit extension of the UHR-SIG may be defined when the PHY Version Identifier having a length of 3 bits included in the U-SIG field is set to a value other than 0. As an example, the MCS bit extension may be applied when the PHY Version Identifier has a value of 1 or more.

[230] Technical Feature 1.4

[231] Technical Feature 1.4 described below relates to a User info field included in a Trigger frame. The Trigger frame may include a Common info field, a Special User info field, and / or an EHT / UHR variant user info field. The EHT / UHR variant user info field may include user specific information related to an EHT user STA and a UHR user STA.

[232] Figures 17 and 18 relate to an example of a user info field proposed by the present specification.

[233] For example, the user info field of a UHR variant trigger frame or an EHT variant trigger frame supporting a newly defined MCS may include an MCS field configured with 5 bits in order to indicate a newly defined MCS table. For example, in the case of a UHR variant user info field, as illustrated in Figure 18, the MCS field may be defined using B21 to B25. Additionally or alternatively, in the case of an EHT variant user info field, as illustrated in Figure 17, the MCS field may be extended to 5 bits by combining the 4-bit MCS field and the B25 bit.

[234] Additionally or alternatively, in the case of a UHR variant user info field, it may be defined when the 3-bit PHY Version Identifier included in the special user info field is set to a value other than 0. For example, when a UHR system is applied, the PHY Version Identifier may be set to 1. Additionally or alternatively, the MCS field having a length of 5 bits, illustrated in Figure 18 and the like, may be configured when the PHY Version Identifier included in the special user info field is defined as a value of 1 or more.

[235] Additionally or alternatively, the 4-bit MCS field and the 1-bit MCS extension bit illustrated in Figure 17 may be configured identically to the combination of the illustrated 4-bit MCS field (the B21 to B24 bits of Figure 17) and the 1-bit MCS extension bit (B25 of Figure 17) described in Technical Feature 1.1 above (e.g., the 4 bits of MCS and the 1 bit of MCS extension of Table 3).

[236] Additionally or alternatively, the 5-bit MCS field illustrated in Figure 18 (the B21 to B25 bits of Figure 18) may be configured identically to the illustrated 5-bit MCS field described in Technical Feature 1.1 above (e.g., the 5 bits of MCS of Table 4).

[237] Technical Feature 2 - UEQM

[238] Hereinafter, various technical features related to UEQM are described. For example, more specific technical features related to the UEQM described in Table 2 are disclosed below.

[239] Technical Feature 2.1

[240] Hereinafter, an example of a User field included in the UHR-SIG field is described. For example, the UHR-SIG field may be called various names such as a SIG field, a first or second SIG field, and an EHT-SIG field. For example, technical features related to UEQM related to a modulation (i.e., constellation mapping / index) indicated by the 5-bit MCS field included in the User field are described. As described above, the UHR SIG field may be a field that is contiguous to the U-SIG field, and may include a common info field and a user-specific field. The user field may be included in the user-specific field. For example, the user-specific field may include at least one user encoding block, and each user encoding block may include one or two user fields. For example, the UHR SIG field may include a common field and a user specific field. The user specific field may be contiguous to the common field. For example, the user field may relate to various communication techniques. Specifically, the user field may be a user field for non-MU-MIMO communication or a user field for MU-MIMO communication.

[241] Technical Feature 2.1.1

[242] Technical Feature 2.1.1 relates to a UEQM indication field. The UEQM indication field may be called various names such as a first UEQM field, a UEQM information field, a UEQM control field, a UEQM control info field, a UEQM info field, and a UEQM field.

[243] The UEQM indication field may indicate whether UEQM is applied. In other words, information related to whether UEQM is applied / supported to a PPDU including the corresponding UEQM indication field (e.g., a (UHR) PPDU delivered to a non-AP STA through DL) may be included in the UEQM indication field. In other words, the UEQM indication field may include information related to whether UEQM is applied over different spatial streams. In other words, the UEQM indication field may include information related to whether UEQM is applied over a plurality of spatial streams (or two, three, or four spatial streams) related to the SIG in which the user field is included (or the PPDU in which the user field is included, or the Data field related to the user field, or the Resource Unit related to the user field). In other words, the UEQM indication field may include information related to whether UEQM is applied over a plurality of spatial streams (or two, three, or four spatial streams) applied to the Data field that is decoded / interpreted based on the user field.

[244] The UEQM indication field may have a length of 1 bit. When the UEQM is applied / supported (i.e., when the UEQM is applied to the corresponding PPDU), the UEQM indication field may have a first value (e.g., 1 or 0). If UEQM is not applied / supported (i.e., when EQM is applied to the corresponding PPDU), the UEQM indication field may have a second value (e.g., 0 or 1). For example, the UEQM indication field may be located in the B19 bit of the User field. An additional description related to this is described below based on Table 12 and Table 13.

[245] Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM indication field may be defined using 1 bit of the Nss field that is defined with 4 bits within the EHT user field. That is, in UHR transmission, the supported Max Nss may be limited to 8. Therefore, the NSS field (4 bits) defined in the conventional EHT-SIG user field may be reconfigured and defined as a UEQM field (1 bit) and an NSS field (3 bits), and at this time, since no new additional bit is used for the signaling, the same user field size as the conventional user field can be maintained. For example, the bit allocated for the UEQM indication field may be configured as the MBS or LSB 1 bit among the 4 bits of the NSS field of 11be. For example, the bit allocated for the UEQM indication field may be defined as B16 or B19.

[246] Technical Feature 2.1.2

[247] Technical Feature 2.1.2 relates to a UEQM (Unequal Modulation) configuration field. The UEQM configuration field may be called various names such as a first / second configuration field, a UEQM (modulation) pattern(s) field, and a UEQM (modulation) pattern(s) control field. The UEQM configuration field may have various lengths. For example, it may be configured with 2 bits or 3 bits.

[248] For example, Table 8 relates to a case where the UEQM configuration field has a length of 2 bits and Nss is 2. For example, the technical features related to Table 2 described above may be applied as they are to Tables 8 to 10 below. In other words, M indicated in Tables 8 to 10 is determined based on a modulation (i.e., a constellation (mapping) or a constellation index / parameter) indicated by the 5-bit MCS field included in the UHR-SIG field. For example, when 64QAM-3 / 4 is indicated by the 5-bit MCS (e.g., the B11 to B15 bits indicated in Table 12 or Table 13) included in the user field of the UHR-SIG field (e.g., an MU-MIMO user field or a non-MU-MIMO user field), M of the present specification may mean 64QAM. In this case, M-1 may mean a modulation (i.e., constellation mapping) that is one order lower than M. For example, if M is 64QAM, M-1 may mean 16QAM, M-2 may mean QPSK, and M-3 may mean BPSK. Additionally or alternatively, M may be defined as a specific modulation level (e.g., 16QAM) or higher. In other words, M may be a constellation index indicated by the MCS field (e.g., a 5-bit field). In addition, M-1 is a constellation that is one order lower than M. In addition, M-2 may be a constellation that is two orders lower than M.

[249] [Table 8] Total Nss Value of unequal Modulation configuration field Contents 1st ss 2nd ss 2ss 0 M M-1 1 M M-2 2~3 Reserved

[250] In other words, the UEQM configuration field may include information related to constellation indexes applied to two spatial streams. For example, based on a value of the UEQM configuration field being zero (0), a constellation index related to a first spatial stream may be M, and a constellation index related to a second spatial stream may be M-1. For example, based on the value of the UEQM configuration field being one (1), the constellation index related to the first spatial stream may be M, and the constellation index related to the second spatial stream may be M-2.

[251] In the present specification, the methods by which the value of the UEQM configuration field is determined to be zero (0) may be various. For example, when the value of each bit constituting the UEQM configuration field is set to zero, the value of the UEQM configuration field may be interpreted as zero (0). In addition, in the present specification, the methods by which the value of the UEQM configuration field is determined to be one (1) may be various. For example, when any one (e.g., the B20 bit or the B21 bit of the user field) of the two bits constituting the UEQM configuration field has a value of 1 and the remaining one (e.g., the B21 bit or the B20 bit of the user field) has a value of 0, the value of the UEQM configuration field may be interpreted as one (1). In addition, in the present specification, the methods by which the value of the UEQM configuration field is determined to be two (2) may be various. For example, when any one (e.g., the B21 bit or the B20 bit of the user field) of the two bits constituting the UEQM configuration field has a value of 1 and the remaining one (e.g., the B20 bit or the B21 bit of the user field) has a value of 0, the value of the UEQM configuration field may be interpreted as two (2). In addition, in the present specification, the methods by which the value of the UEQM configuration field is determined to be three (3) may be various. For example, when both of the two bits constituting the UEQM configuration field are set to one (1), the value of the UEQM configuration field may be interpreted as three (3).

[252] For example, Table 9 relates to a case where the UEQM configuration field has a length of 2 bits and Nss is 3.

[253] [Table 9] Total Nss Value of unequal Modulation configuration field Contents 1st ss 2nd ss 3rd SS 3ss 0 M M M-1 1 M M M-2 2 M M-1 M-2 3 Reserved

[254] In other words, Table 9 shows that the UEQM configuration field may include information related to constellation indexes applied to three spatial streams. For example, based on a value of the UEQM configuration field being zero (0), a constellation index related to a first spatial stream may be M, a constellation index related to a second spatial stream may be M, and a constellation index related to a third spatial stream may be M-1. In addition, based on the value of the UEQM configuration field being one (1), the constellation index related to the first spatial stream may be M, the constellation index related to the second spatial stream may be M, and the constellation index related to the third spatial stream may be M-2. In addition, based on the value of the UEQM configuration field being two (2), the constellation index related to the first spatial stream may be M, the constellation index related to the second spatial stream may be M-1, and the constellation index related to the third spatial stream may be M-2.

[255] For example, Table 10 relates to a case where the UEQM configuration field has a length of 2 bits and Nss is 4.

[256] [Table 10] Total Nss Value of unequal Modulation configuration field Contents 1st ss 2nd ss 3rd ss 4th ss 4ss 0 M M M M-1 1 M M M M-2 2 M M M-1 M-2 3 Reserved 257] In other words, Table 10 shows that the UEQM configuration field may include information related to constellation indexes applied to four spatial streams. For example, based on a value of the UEQM configuration field being zero (0), a constellation index related to a first spatial stream may be M, a constellation index related to a second spatial stream may be M, a constellation index related to a third spatial stream may be M, and a constellation index related to a fourth spatial stream may be M-1. In addition, based on the value of the UEQM configuration field being one (1), the constellation index related to the first spatial stream may be M, the constellation index related to the second spatial stream may be M, the constellation index related to the third spatial stream may be M, and the constellation index related to the fourth spatial stream may be M-2. In addition, based on the value of the UEQM configuration field being two (2), the constellation index related to the first spatial stream may be M, the constellation index related to the second spatial stream may be M, the constellation index related to the third spatial stream may be M-1, and the constellation index related to the fourth spatial stream may be M-2.

[258] The above-described examples of Tables 8 to 10 may be variously modified. For example, since the modulation for the first SS is indicated through the MCS, it may be omitted. When information about the modulation order used for each SS at a specific NSS during UEQM as described above, i.e., information about the UEQM pattern, is configured with 2 bits, a STA that receives a PPDU including the UHR-SIG field can ascertain the modulation information used for each SS through the UEQM indication field, the NSS, the MCS, and the UEQM pattern information.

[259] Hereinafter, an example in which the UEQM configuration field has a length of 3 bits is described. For example, the 3-bit field is configured to include all information about modulation application during UEQM application according to Nss, and may be configured as follows. When configured in this way, the 3-bit field may include both information related to NSS and information related to the UEQM pattern. Through this, the NSS field is omitted, so that a technical effect of reducing the number of bits may occur.

[260] [Table 11] Value of unequal Modulation configuration field Contents 0 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M-1 1 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M-2 2 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M-1 3 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M-2 4 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M-1, 3rd ss = M-2 5 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M, 4th ss = M-1 6 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M, 4th ss = M-2 7 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M-1, 4th ss = M-2

[261] For example, in Table 11, since the modulation for the first SS is indicated through the MCS, it may be omitted. For example, the 3-bit field is an example and may be defined as another field. The 3-bit field related to the UEQM pattern may be reserved when the UEQM indication field is set to 0 (i.e., when UEQM is not applied). In addition, the 3-bit Table may be modified into various sizes such as 4 bits.

[262] Technical Feature 2.1.3

[263] Technical Feature 2.1.3 relates to additional technical features applied to the user field included in the UHR-SIG field (a user field for non-MU-MIMO communication or a user field for MU-MIMO communication).

[264] The user field of the present specification may have various bit lengths, and may have, for example, any one of various lengths such as 22 bits, 23 bits, 24 bits, 25 bits, and 26 bits. For example, the user field of the present specification may be configured with 22 bits, identically to the conventional EHT. In order to maintain the conventional length, the Nss subfield / information included in the user field (i.e., information related to the number of SSs) may be set to 3 bits. Additionally or alternatively, the remaining available 1 bit is used for the above-described UEQM indication field.

[265] Additionally or alternatively, it is preferable that the position on the user field of the above-described 2-bit or 3-bit UEQM configuration field is determined taking into account the following matters. For example, the UEQM configuration field may take into account a conventional field that can be omitted when UEQM is applied / supported. For example, the B20 bit of the user field may include 1-bit information related to whether beamforming is applied. However, since the application of UEQM means that two or more SSs are used, separately indicating that beamforming is applied may become signaling overhead. Accordingly, it is preferable that the UEQM configuration field is located on the B20 bit of the user field. In addition, the B21 bit of the user field may include 1-bit information related to a coding type (e.g., LDPC or BCC). However, the application of UEQM may mean transmission and reception in a relatively high-end device, and in this case, it may be preferable that LDPC, which has superior performance compared to BCC, is used. Accordingly, when UEQM is applied, the 1-bit information related to the coding type is omitted, and when UEQM is applied, LDPC may be used instead of BCC. Accordingly, it is preferable that the UEQM configuration field is located on the B21 bit of the user field. In summary, it is preferable that the UEQM configuration field has a length of 2 bits and is located on the B20 bit and the B21 bit on the user field.

[266] In other words, if the UEQM indication field has a first value (e.g., 1), since it is expressed that UEQM is applied, it is preferable that the B20 bit and the B21 bit of the user field are defined as the UEQM configuration field. Additionally or alternatively, if the UEQM indication field has a second value (e.g., 0), since UEQM is not applied and EQM is applied instead, the B20 bit of the user field may be defined as 1-bit information related to whether beamforming is applied, and the B21 bit of the user field may be defined as 1-bit information related to a coding type (e.g., LDPC or BCC).

[267] In other words, it is preferable that the user field, when the UEQM indication field (e.g., the B19 bit) has the first value, includes the UEQM configuration field on the B20 and B21 bits, but excludes a Beamformed field having a length of 1 bit and a coding field having a length of 1 bit. For example, the Beamformed field having a length of 1 bit is information that may be located in the B20 bit, and may include information related to whether a beamforming steering matrix is applied. For example, the coding field having a length of 1 bit is information that may be located in the B21 bit, and may include information related to whether binary convolutional code (BCC) or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) is applied to the Data field (or Resource Unit) related to the user field.

[268] Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM configuration field may be defined with 2 bits using the beamformed field (e.g., the B20 bit) and 1 bit of the Nss field. As a result, the Nss field may be modified from 3 bits to 2 bits.

[269] To summarize the above-described content, the user field format for non-MU MIMO allocation may be expressed as in Table 12 below. Specifically, when applied to UEQM, the UEQM configuration field may be located in the B20 and B21 bits.

[270] [Table 12] Bit Subfield B0-B10 STA-ID B11-B15 MCS B16-B18 NSS B19 UEQM B20-21 Unequal modulation configuration field

[271] The above example may be variously modified. For example, the size of a conventional bit may be modified, or an additional bit not indicated in Table 12 may be included. For example, the UEQM configuration field may be configured taking into account max 4 SS, and accordingly, the NSS field may have a length of 2 bits. In this case, the 1 bit newly secured from the conventional 3-bit NSS field (e.g., the B18 bit of Table 13) may be used for indication of a new feature defined in UHR. The above-described additional example of the user field format for non-MU MIMO allocation may be expressed as in Table 13 below.

[272] [Table 13] Bit Subfield B0-B10 STA-ID B11-B15 MCS B16-B17 NSS B18 Reserved or new feature indication B19 UEQM B20-21 Unequal modulation configuration field

[273] Technical Feature 2.1.4

[274] Technical Feature 2.1.4 relates to an operation of a STA that has received a UHR-SIG related to UEQM (e.g., a non-AP STA that has received a DL-PPDU including a UHR-SIG field). For example, when transmitting and receiving a signal using UEQM, a STA can ascertain information about the modulation for each SS applied to a signal transmitted to it by using information included in the user field of the UHR-SIG or the next SIG. For example, when an AP applies UEQM during MIMO transmission to a STA using two SSs, the information of the user field of the SIG field (e.g., the UHR-SIG field) is set as follows.

[275] Nss= 2, MCS = 5, UEQM = 1, Unequal modulation configuration (in the case of 2 bits) = 0.

[276] A STA that has received the above SIG field (e.g., the UHR-SIG field) through the user field recognizes that UEQM has been applied through the UEQM field. In addition, it recognizes through the Nss that a signal has been transmitted through two SSs. In addition, it confirms through the MCS field that the MCS applied to the 1st SS is 64QAM (2 / 3 rate). In addition, based on the 2-bit value of the UEQM configuration field (e.g., as indicated in Table 8, when the 2-bit value indicates 0, the first SS is encoded based on M and the second SS is encoded based on M-1), it can be known that the modulation applied to the second SS is 16QAM (2 / 3 rate). A STA that has confirmed the information about the modulation applied for each SS as described above performs decoding on the received signal using the information.

[277] Technical Feature 2.1.5

[278] Technical Feature 2.1.5 describes various modifications to the above-described technical features.

[279] Additionally or alternatively, the information related to whether the UEQM is applied may be included in the U-SIG or UHR-SIG field. For example, the indication related to the UEQM may be configured with 1 bit of information. For example, the corresponding 1-bit information may be defined using one of the validate or disregard bits of the U-SIG field. For example, when the corresponding 1-bit information is included in the UHR-SIG field, the corresponding field may be included and defined in the common field or the user info field of the UHR-SIG field.

[280] When UEQM transmission / application is indicated through the UEQM field defined as above (e.g., when set to UEQM (indication) field = 1), the indication of the modulation for each SS according to UEQM may be defined by the following methods.

[281] Option 1 of Technical Feature 2.1.5 described below relates to indication using the Nss field.

[282] When UEQM is applied, information about the UEQM pattern may be identified as follows. For example, when UEQM is applied, the MCS used for the first SS (1st SS) may be indicated through the MCS field newly proposed in the present specification. For example, when UEQM is applied (e.g., UEQM = 1), the NSS field may be configured differently from EQM transmission. For example, when UEQM is applied, the NSS field may be defined to include the NSS information used for transmission and the modulation configuration information for each SS. In this case, the configuration of the NSS field proposed in the present specification may be as in Table 14 below.

[283] [Table 14] Value of NSS field content 0 Nss=2, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M-1 1 Nss=2, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M-2 2 Nss=3, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M-1 3 Nss=3, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M-2 4 Nss=3, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M-1, 3rd ss = M-2 5 Nss=4, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M, 4th ss = M-1 6 Nss=4, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M, 4th ss = M-2 7 Nss=4, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M-1, 4th ss = M-2 8~15 Reserved

[284] As another example different from the above, the information about UEQM and the modulation for each SS during UEQM may be transmitted through the user field of the UHR-SIG, and at this time, the user field may be configured to include a UEQM field (1 bit) and an Nss field (3-bit field). In UHR transmission, the supported Max Nss may be limited to 8. Therefore, the NSS field (4 bits) defined in the conventional EHT-SIG user field may be reconfigured and defined as a UEQM field (1 bit) and an NSS field (3 bits), and at this time, since no new additional bit is used for the signaling, the same user field size as the conventional user field can be maintained. In the above, the bit allocated for the UEQM field may be configured as the MBS or LSB 1 bit among the 4 bits of the NSS field of 11be. For example, the bit allocated for the UEQM field may be defined as B16 or B19. For example, in the above, when the UEQM field is set to 1, the NSS field is configured as in Table 14 above and indicates information about the Nss during UEQM and the modulation transmitted for each SS accordingly.

[285] The operation of a receiving STA may be as follows. For example, when a signal is transmitted using UEQM, a STA that receives it can ascertain the UEQM transmission information through the UEQM field, the MCS field, and the NSS field included in the received PPDU. For example, a receiving STA can recognize through the configuration of the UEQM field that the received PPDU was transmitted using UEQM, and at this time, as an example, a receiving STA that has recognized UEQM transmission because the UEQM field is set to 1 can ascertain, through the MCS field, information about the MCS for the 1st stream during beamforming / MIMO transmission or the code rate and modulation (i.e., M) used during UEQM. For example, based on the ascertained information about the MCS or M, the number of SSs (spatial streams) ascertained through the Nss field, and the information about the modulation configuration accordingly, it ascertains the MCS or the code rate and modulation order used for each received Stream and decodes the received signal. For example, when UEQM is not applied (or when the UEQM field is set to 0), EQM is applied, and at this time, the NSS field may indicate the number of SSs (spatial streams) used for transmission, identically to the conventional one.

[286] Option 1 of Technical Feature 2.1.5 described above may be additionally modified as follows. The modification below may be indicated as Option 1-1. Specifically, Option 1-1 of Technical Feature 2.1.5 described below is an example in which UEQM indication is performed using the Nss field, but UEQM indication is possible without configuring a separate field.

[287] For example, when the value of the PHY identifier of the U-SIG included in a UHR PPDU is set to a value other than 0, as an example, when it is set to 1, the Nss of the User field for non-MU-MIMO transmission of the UHR-SIG is defined as follows. For example, identically to the NSS field defined in the user field of the EHT-SIG field, the NSS field of the user field of the UHR-SIG is configured with 4 bits. At this time, the NSS field is configured with B16 to B19, and when EQM is applied, values 0 to 7 are used to indicate the Nss and the remaining values are reserved. Conversely, when UEQM is applied, values 8 to 15 of the Nss field are used so that it can be indicated that UEQM is applied. For example, the value of the value may be indicated, as an example, by B16 or B19 being set to 1. Therefore, when B16 or B19, which is the MSB or LSB of the Nss field, is 1, the application of UEQM may be indicated. For example, when the value of the NSS field is 8 or more, information about the UEQM configuration / pattern may be indicated together with the application of UEQM, and it may be configured as in Table 15.

[288] [Table 15] Value of NSS field content 0~7 Reserved 8 Nss=2, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M-1 9 Nss=2, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M-2 10 Nss=3, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M-1 11 Nss=3, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M-2 12 Nss=3, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M-1, 3rd ss = M-2 13 Nss=4, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M, 4th ss = M-1 14 Nss=4, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M, 4th ss = M-2 15 Nss=4, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M-1, 4th ss = M-2

[289] Option 1 and Option 1-1 of Technical Feature 2.1.5 described above may be additionally modified as follows. The modification below may be indicated as Option 1-2 of Technical Feature 2.1.5.

[290] In the example below, when the application of UEQM is indicated through the UEQM (indication) field, the user field of the UHR-SIG field may be configured to include a UEQM configuration field. For example, since the UEQM configuration field includes information about the NSS and the UEQM pattern, the user field of the UHR-SIG may not include an NSS field. For example, the UEQM configuration field may be configured with 3 / 4 bits as in the above proposal, and may include information about the modulation order for each SS at the NSS. For example, the UEQM configuration field may be configured with the NSS and the modulation order applied for each SS according to the value, as proposed in the 3-bit configuration above.

[291] The above-described Technical Feature 2.1.5 may be additionally modified as follows. The modification below may be indicated as Option 2 of Technical Feature 2.1.5. Option 2 can transmit information about the UEQM pattern through the MCS field.

[292] For example, when UEQM transmission is indicated through the UEQM (indication) field included in the U-SIG or UHR-SIG field (UEQM = 1), information about the modulation transmitted for each SS during UEQM transmission may be transmitted through the MCS field. At this time, the information about the MCS field may be configured as different information depending on whether UEQM is set. For example, when it is not UEQM transmission (i.e., when UEQM = 0), the MCS field is used to indicate an MCS including the newly added MCS as defined above. For example, when it is UEQM transmission (i.e., when UEQM = 1), the MCS field is configured as information including information about the modulation applied for each SS using UEQM, so that the corresponding information can be indicated. At this time, the information constituting the MCS field may be configured differently depending on the Nss, and as an example, it may be configured as follows depending on the Nss. For example, when UEQM is applied, the modulation order applied to the first SS may be limited to 16QAM or more and 1024QAM or less.

[293] Table 16 relates to a case where NSS=2.

[294] [Table 16] MCS index contents 0 R=1 / 2 streaml =16QAM, stream2= QPSK 1 R=1 / 2 streaml =16QAM, stream2= BPSK 2 R=2 / 3 streaml =16QAM, stream2= QPSK 3 R=2 / 3 stream1 =64QAM, stream2= 16QAM 4 R=2 / 3 stream1 =256QAM, stream2= 64QAM 5 R=2 / 3 stream1 =64QAM, stream2= QPSK 6 R=2 / 3 stream1 =256QAM, stream2= 16QAM 7 R=3 / 4 stream1 =16QAM, stream2= QPSK 8 R=3 / 4 stream1 =64QAM, stream2= 16QAM 9 R=3 / 4 stream1 =256QAM, stream2= 64QAM 10 R=3 / 4 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2= 256QAM 11 R=3 / 4 stream1 =64QAM, stream2= QPSK 12 R=3 / 4 stream1 =256QAM, stream2= 16QAM 13 R=3 / 4 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2= 64QAM 14 R=5 / 6 stream1 =64QAM, stream2= 16QAM 15 R=5 / 6 stream1 =256QAM, stream2= 64QAM 16 R=5 / 6 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2= 256QAM 17 R=5 / 6 stream1 =256QAM, stream2= 16QAM 18 R=5 / 6 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2= 64QAM

[295] Table 17 relates to a case where NSS=3.

[296] [Table 17] MCS index contents 0 R=1 / 2 stream1 =16QAM, stream2 =16QAM, stream3= QPSK 1 R=1 / 2 stream1 =16QAM, stream2 =16QAM, stream3= BPSK 2 R=2 / 3 stream1 =16QAM, stream2 =16QAM, stream3= QPSK 3 R=2 / 3 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3= 16QAM 4 R=2 / 3 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3= 64QAM 5 R=2 / 3 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3= QPSK 6 R=2 / 3 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3= 16QAM 7 R=2 / 3 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =16QAM, stream3= QPSK 8 R=2 / 3 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3= 16QAM 9 R=3 / 4 stream1 =16QAM, stream2 =16QAM, stream3= QPSK 10 R=3 / 4 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3= 16QAM 11 R=3 / 4 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3= 64QAM 12 R=3 / 4 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =1024QAM, stream3= 256QAM 13 R=3 / 4 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3= QPSK 14 R=3 / 4 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM,stream3= 16QAM 15 R=3 / 4 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =1024QAM, stream3= 64QAM 16 R=3 / 4 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =16QAM, stream3= QPSK 17 R=3 / 4 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =64QAM,stream3= 16QAM 18 R=3 / 4 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3= 64QAM 19 R=5 / 6 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3= 16QAM 20 R=5 / 6 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3= 64QAM 21 R=5 / 6 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =1024QAM, stream3= 256QAM 22 R=5 / 6 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3= 16QAM 23 R=5 / 6 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =1024QAMstream3= 64QAM 24 R=5 / 6 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3= 16QAM 25 R=5 / 6 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =256QAMstream3= 64QAM

[297] Table 18 relates to a case where NSS=4.

[298] [Table 18] MCS index contents 0 R=1 / 2 stream1 =16QAM, stream2 =16QAM, stream3= 16QAM, stream4= QPSK 1 R=1 / 2 stream1 =16QAM, stream2 =16QAM, stream3= 16QAM, stream4= BPSK 2 R=2 / 3 stream1 =16QAM, stream2 =16QAM, stream3 =16QAM, stream4= QPSK 3 R=2 / 3 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3 =64QAM, stream4= 16QAM 4 R=2 / 3 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3 =256QAM, stream4= 64QAM 5 R=2 / 3 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3 =64QAM,stream4= QPSK 6 R=2 / 3 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3 =256QAM, stream4= 16QAM 7 R=2 / 3 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3 =16QAM, stream4= QPSK 8 R=2 / 3 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3 =64QAM, stream4= 16QAM 9 R=3 / 4 stream1 =16QAM, stream2 =16QAM, stream3 =16QAM, stream4= QPSK 10 R=3 / 4 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3 =64QAM, stream4= 16QAM 11 R=3 / 4 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3 =256QAM, stream4= 64QAM 12 R=3 / 4 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =1024QAM, stream3 =1024QAM, stream4= 256QAM 13 R=3 / 4 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3 =64QAM, stream4= QPSK 14 R=3 / 4 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3 =256QAM, stream4= 16QAM 15 R=3 / 4 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =1024QAM, stream3 =1024QAM, stream4= 64QAM 16 R=3 / 4 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3 =16QAM, stream4= QPSK 17 R=3 / 4 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3 =64QAM,stream4= 16QAM 18 R=3 / 4 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =1024QAM, stream3 =256QAM, stream4= 64QAM 19 R=5 / 6 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3 =64QAM, stream4= 16QAM 20 R=5 / 6 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3 =256QAM, stream4= 64QAM 21 R=5 / 6 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =1024QAM, stream3 =1024QAM, stream4= 256QAM 22 R=5 / 6 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3 =256QAM, stream4= 16QAM 23 R=5 / 6 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =1024QAM, stream3 =1024QAM, stream4= 64QAM 24 R=5 / 6 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3 =64QAM, stream4= 16QAM 25 R=5 / 6 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =1024QAM, stream3 =256QAM, stream4= 64QAM

[299] Technical Feature 2.2 - Indication through a Trigger frame

[300] Hereinafter, an example related to a UEQM technique based on a Trigger frame related to UL-MU communication and / or a TB-PPDU is described. For example, a common info field, a special user info field, a user info field (e.g., an HE variant user info field, an EHT variant user info field, or a UHR variant user info field), and the like may be included within a Trigger frame. In addition, various fields such as a trigger dependent user info field may be included within the user info field. The example below relates to an example of information related to UEQM included within the above-described various fields.

[301] For example, the indication of the application of UEQM for UL MIMO / beamforming transmission may be indicated for each STA through the user (info) field of a Trigger frame. For example, the user (info) field may, as an example, be configured with 6 bytes excluding the size of the trigger dependent user info field, so that UEQM indication information may be included.

[302] For example, the information about the size of the user info field may be related to the value of the PHY identifier of the special user info field. For example, when the PHY identifier value of the special user info field is set to a value other than 0 (e.g., a natural number of 1 or 2 or more), the user info field excluding the size of the trigger dependent user info field may be configured with 6 bytes. In other words, based on the PHY identifier value, it may be identified that the size of the user info field is 6 bytes.

[303] Hereinafter, various examples of a UEQM indication field / information are proposed. The UEQM indication field may be called various names such as a UEQM control field, a UEQM control info field, and a UEQM info field.

[304] For example, the UEQM (indication) field may have the following technical features. For example, the UEQM (indication) field may include information related to whether UEQM is applied. For example, the UEQM (indication) field is configured with 1 bit, and a first value (e.g., 1) of the corresponding 1 bit indicates that a signal is transmitted using UEQM, and a second value (e.g., 0) of the 1 bit indicates that a signal is transmitted using EQM (i.e., that UEQM is not set). In other words, the UEQM (indication) field may include information related to whether UEQM (or EQM) is applied to a UL PPDU (e.g., a TB PPDU) related to the Trigger frame.

[305] Hereinafter, an example related to a UEQM configuration field is described. The UEQM configuration field may be called various names such as a configuration field, a UEQM (modulation) patterns field, and a UEQM (modulation) patterns control field.

[306] The UEQM configuration field indicates configuration information about the Modulation applied for each SS when UEQM is applied, and may have a length of 2 or 3 bits.

[307] For example, Table 19 relates to a case where the UEQM configuration field has a length of 2 bits and Nss is 2. For example, the technical features related to Table 2 described above may be applied as they are to Tables 19 to 21 below. In other words, M indicated in Tables 19 to 21 is determined based on a modulation (i.e., constellation mapping) indicated by the MCS field (e.g., a field having a length of 5 bits) included in the user info field of a Trigger frame. For example, when 64QAM-3 / 4 is indicated by the information / field related to MCS included in the user info field of a Trigger frame, M of the present specification may mean 64QAM. In this case, M-1 may mean a modulation (i.e., constellation mapping) that is one order lower than M. For example, if M is 64QAM, M-1 may mean 16QAM, M-2 may mean QPSK, and M-3 may mean BPSK. Additionally or alternatively, M may be defined as a specific modulation level (e.g., 16QAM) or higher. For example, if M is 4096QAM, M-1 may mean 1024QAM, M-2 may mean 256QAM, M-3 may mean 64QAM, M-4 may mean 16QAM, M-5 may mean QPSK, and M-6 may mean BPSK. For example, if M is 1024QAM, M-1 may mean 256QAM, M-2 may mean 64QAM, M-3 may mean 16QAM, M-4 may mean QPSK, and M-5 may mean BPSK. For example, if M is 256QAM, M-1 may mean 64QAM, M-2 may mean 16QAM, M-3 may mean QPSK, and M-4 may mean BPSK. For example, if M is 16QAM, M-1 may mean QPSK, and M-2 may mean BPSK. For example, if M is QPSK, M-1 may mean BPSK.

[308] [Table 19] Total Nss Value of unequal Modulation configuration field Contents 1st ss 2nd ss 2ss 0 M M-1 1 M M-2 2~3 Reserved

[309] For example, Table 20 relates to a case where the UEQM configuration field has a length of 2 bits and Nss is 3.

[310] [Table 20] Total Nss Value of unequal Modulation configuration Contents 1st ss 2nd ss 3rd SS field 3ss 0 M M M-1 1 M M M-2 2 M M-1 M-2 3 Reserved

[311] For example, Table 21 relates to a case where the UEQM configuration field has a length of 2 bits and Nss is 4.

[312] [Table 21] Total Nss Value of unequal Modulation configuration field Contents 1st ss 2nd ss 3rd ss 4th ss 4ss 0 M M M M-1 1 M M M M-2 2 M M M-1 M-2 3 Reserved

[313] Additionally or alternatively, the modulation and code rate for the first SS (specifically, the 1st ss) described in Tables 19 to 21 may be omitted since they are indicated through the MCS field (e.g., 5 bits of information within the user info field)

[314] The example of Table 22 below is an example of a case where the length of the UEQM configuration field is 3 bits.

[315] The 3 bits of information of Table 22 below may include, as follows, all information about modulation application during UEQM application according to Nss.

[316] [Table 22] Value of unequal Modulation configuration field Contents 0 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M-1 1 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M-2 2 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M-1 3 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M-2 4 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M-1, 3rd ss = M-2 5 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M, 4th ss = M-1 6 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M, 4th ss = M-2 7 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M-1, 4th ss = M-2

[317] Additionally or alternatively, the modulation and code rate for the first SS (specifically, the 1st ss) described in Table 22 may be omitted since they are indicated through the MCS field (e.g., 5 bits of information within the user info field)

[318] For example, the UEQM configuration field having a length of 2 bits or 3 bits is an example and may be defined as another field. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM configuration field may be reserved when the UEQM (indication) field is set to a second value (e.g., 0) (e.g., when UEQM is not applied).

[319] Figures 19 and 20 are examples of a user info field proposed in the present specification. The illustrated user info field may be included in the trigger frame. The above-described UEQM (indication) field having a length of 1 bit and / or the UEQM configuration field having a length of 2 or 3 bits are included in Figure 19 and / or Figure 20. For example, as illustrated in Figures 19 / 20, the above-described UEQM (indication) field having a length of 1 bit and / or the UEQM configuration field having a length of 2 or 3 bits may be contiguous to each other, and the UEQM (indication) field may be contiguous to the PS160 field within the user info field. For example, the user info field may be configured with a combination of 4 bits of MCS bits and 1 bit of extension (e.g., the 4 bits of MCS bits and the 1 bit of MCS extension bit described in Technical Feature 1 or Table 3), or may be configured with 5 bits of MCS bits (e.g., the 5 bits of MCS bits described in Technical Feature 1 or Table 4).

[320] For example, the reserved bit illustrated in Figures 19 / 20 (e.g., 1 bit that is contiguous to the UEQM configuration field) may be used to indicate a new feature newly defined in 11bn or next wi-fi.

[321] For example, additionally or alternatively to the features described in Figures 19 / 20, a bit that was reserved in the user info field (e.g., bit 25) may be used to indicate UEQM. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM (indication) field may be located after the MCS field of Figures 19 / 20 or contiguously to the corresponding field. Through this, whether UEQM applies can be indicated early. In this case, in order to indicate an extended MCS set, an MCS extension bit (e.g., the 1-bit MCS extension bit of Figure 19) may be located after the PS 160 field illustrated in Figure 19 or contiguously to the corresponding field. In addition, when the UEQM (indication) field is set to a first value (e.g., 1), a STA can recognize that UEQM configuration information exists.

[323] The example below is an example that modifies the example of Figure 19 and / or Figure 20. The SS allocation field / information having a length of 6 bits illustrated in Figures 19 / 20 may be variously modified as follows. For example, based on the SS allocation field / information proposed below, information about the modulation applied to each SS when UEQM is applied may be indicated. For example, whether UEQM is applied may be indicated by the UEQM (indication) field included in the user (info) field. For example, when UEQM is applied (e.g., when the UEQM (indication) field = 1), the content of the 6-bit SS allocation field may be reconfigured.

[324] Figure 21 is an example of an SS allocation field proposed by the present specification. As illustrated, for example, a Starting SS (spatial stream) bit / information having a length of 3 bits and a Number Of SSs and modulation configuration bit / information having a length of 3 bits may be configured. The specific names of the information / bits having a length of 3 bits may be variously changed.

[325] The first 3 bits of information of Figure 21 (e.g., the Starting SS information) may include information about the SS (spatial stream) at which the SS (spatial stream) allocated to a STA starts.

[326] The second 3 bits of information of Figure 21 (e.g., the Number Of SSs and modulation configuration information) may include configuration information about the NSS allocated to a STA and the modulation for each SS. A specific example of the second 3 bits of information of Figure 21 may be as in Table 23 below.

[327] [Table 23] Value of Number Of Spatial Streams and modulation configuration Contents 0 NSS=2, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M-1 1 NSS=2, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M-2 2 NSS=3, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M-1 3 NSS=3, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M-2 4 NSS=3, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M-1, 3rd ss = M-2 5 NSS=4, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M, 4th ss = M-1 6 NSS=4, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M, 4th ss = M-2 7 NSS=4, 1st ss = M, 2nd ss = M, 3rd ss = M-1, 4th ss = M-2

[328] The above example may be additionally modified. For example, unlike indicating information about the modulation for each SS during UEQM using the SS allocation field / information, information about the modulation and code rate for each SS during UEQM transmission may be indicated using the MCS field. For example, when the UEQM (indication) field included in a Trigger frame is set to a first value (e.g., 1) to solicit UEQM transmission, the MCS field may be configured differently depending on the Nss, as proposed in the above option 2 (e.g., the examples of Tables 16 to 17). Specifically, the NSS allocated to a STA is indicated through the SS allocation field. In this case, for example, the MCS field may be configured with different content depending on the value of the NSS of the SS allocation field during UEQM. For example, an example of the configuration of the MCS field individually configured for each Nss is as follows.

[329] For example, an example of the MCS field configured when Nss = 2 may be as in Table 24 below.

[330] [Table 24] MCS index contents 0 R=1 / 2 stream1 =16QAM, stream2= QPSK 1 R=1 / 2 stream1 =16QAM, stream2= BPSK 2 R=2 / 3 stream1 =16QAM, stream2= QPSK 3 R=2 / 3 stream1 =64QAM, stream2= 16QAM 4 R=2 / 3 stream1 =256QAM, stream2= 64QAM 5 R=2 / 3 stream1 =64QAM, stream2= QPSK 6 R=2 / 3 stream1 =256QAM, stream2= 16QAM 7 R=3 / 4 stream1 =16QAM, stream2= QPSK 8 R=3 / 4 stream1 =64QAM, stream2= 16QAM 9 R=3 / 4 stream1 =256QAM, stream2= 64QAM 10 R=3 / 4 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2= 256QAM 11 R=3 / 4 stream1 =64QAM, stream2= QPSK 12 R=3 / 4 stream1 =256QAM, stream2= 16QAM 13 R=3 / 4 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2= 64QAM 14 R=5 / 6 stream1 =64QAM, stream2= 16QAM 15 R=5 / 6 stream1 =256QAM, stream2= 64QAM 16 R=5 / 6 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2= 256QAM 17 R=5 / 6 stream1 =256QAM, stream2= 16QAM 18 R=5 / 6 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2= 64QAM

[331] For example, an example of the MCS field configured when Nss = 3 may be as in Table 25 below.

[332] [Table 25] MCS index contents 0 R=1 / 2 stream1 =16QAM, stream2 =16QAM, stream3= QPSK 1 R=1 / 2 stream1 =16QAM, stream2 =16QAM, stream3= BPSK 2 R=2 / 3 stream1 =16QAM, stream2 =16QAM, stream3= QPSK 3 R=2 / 3 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3= 16QAM 4 R=2 / 3 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3= 64QAM 5 R=2 / 3 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3= QPSK 6 R=2 / 3 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3= 16QAM 7 R=2 / 3 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =16QAM, stream3= QPSK 8 R=2 / 3 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3= 16QAM 9 R=3 / 4 stream1 =16QAM, stream2 =16QAM, stream3= QPSK 10 R=3 / 4 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3= 16QAM 11 R=3 / 4 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3= 64QAM 12 R=3 / 4 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =1024QAM, stream3= 256QAM 13 R=3 / 4 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3= QPSK 14 R=3 / 4 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM,stream3= 16QAM 15 R=3 / 4 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =1024QAM, stream3= 64QAM 16 R=3 / 4 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =16QAM, stream3= QPSK 17 R=3 / 4 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =64QAM,stream3= 16QAM 18 R=3 / 4 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3= 64QAM 19 R=5 / 6 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3= 16QAM 20 R=5 / 6 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3= 64QAM 21 R=5 / 6 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =1024QAM, stream3= 256QAM 22 R=5 / 6 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3= 16QAM 23 R=5 / 6 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =1024QAMstream3= 64QAM 24 R=5 / 6 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3= 16QAM 25 R=5 / 6 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =256QAMstream3= 64QAM

[333] For example, an example of the MCS field configured when Nss = 4 may be as in Table 26 below.

[334] [Table 26] MCS index contents 0 R=1 / 2 stream1 =16QAM, stream2 =16QAM, stream3= 16QAM, stream4= QPSK 1 R=1 / 2 stream1 =16QAM, stream2 =16QAM, stream3= 16QAM, stream4= BPSK 2 R=2 / 3 stream1 =16QAM, stream2 =16QAM, stream3 =16QAM, stream4= QPSK 3 R=2 / 3 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3 =64QAM, stream4= 16QAM 4 R=2 / 3 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3 =256QAM, stream4= 64QAM 5 R=2 / 3 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3 =64QAM,stream4= QPSK 6 R=2 / 3 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3 =256QAM, stream4= 16QAM 7 R=2 / 3 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3 =16QAM, stream4= QPSK 8 R=2 / 3 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3 =64QAM, stream4= 16QAM 9 R=3 / 4 stream1 =16QAM, stream2 =16QAM, stream3 =16QAM, stream4= QPSK 10 R=3 / 4 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3 =64QAM, stream4= 16QAM 11 R=3 / 4 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3 =256QAM, stream4= 64QAM 12 R=3 / 4 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =1024QAM, stream3 =1024QAM, stream4= 256QAM 13 R=3 / 4 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3 =64QAM, stream4= QPSK 14 R=3 / 4 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3 =256QAM, stream4= 16QAM 15 R=3 / 4 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =1024QAM, stream3 =1024QAM, stream4= 64QAM 16 R=3 / 4 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3 =16QAM, stream4= QPSK 17 R=3 / 4 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3 =64QAM,stream4= 16QAM 18 R=3 / 4 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =1024QAM, stream3 =256QAM, stream4= 64QAM 19 R=5 / 6 stream1 =64QAM, stream2 =64QAM, stream3 =64QAM, stream4= 16QAM 20 R=5 / 6 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3 =256QAM, stream4= 64QAM 21 R=5 / 6 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =1024QAM, stream3 =1024QAM, stream4= 256QAM 22 R=5 / 6 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3 =256QAM, stream4= 16QAM 23 R=5 / 6 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =1024QAM, stream3 =1024QAM, stream4= 64QAM 24 R=5 / 6 stream1 =256QAM, stream2 =256QAM, stream3 =64QAM, stream4= 16QAM 25 R=5 / 6 stream1 =1024QAM, stream2 =1024QAM, stream3 =256QAM, stream4= 64QAM

[335] Technical Feature 2.3

[336] The example below is an example in which the UEQM indication field / information and the UEQM configuration field / information described in Technical Feature 2.2 are included in Trigger Dependent User Info. Specifically, in Technical Feature 2.2 described above, the UEQM indication field / information and the UEQM configuration field / information were included in a user info field (e.g., an HE variant user info field, an EHT variant user info field, or a UHR variant user info field) rather than the Trigger Dependent User Info. In the example below, an example in which the UEQM indication field / information and the UEQM configuration field / information are included within the Trigger Dependent User Info included within the user info field is described.

[337] Additionally or alternatively, when the value of the PHY version identifier of the Special user info field of a Trigger frame is 1 or more, the user field of the trigger frame may include the following Trigger Dependent User Info field. In this case, the Trigger Dependent User Info field may include the above-described UEQM indication field and / or UEQM configuration field.

[338] For example, the UEQM information included in the Trigger Dependent User Info field (e.g., the UEQM indication field and / or the UEQM configuration field) may be configured and included identically to the information included in the user field of the defined trigger frame (e.g., the user info field illustrated in Figures 19 / 20 or the user info field described in Technical Feature 2.2).

[339] Figure 22 illustrates an example of a Trigger Dependent User Info field including UEQM information.

[340] For example, in order to transmit and receive a signal using UEQM during UL signal transmission and reception, an AP causes a STA to transmit a signal using UEQM by using the information included in the user info field of a trigger frame. At this time, based on the information of the Trigger frame transmitted to it, a STA can ascertain information about whether UEQM is applied for a PPDU (e.g., a TB-PPDU) transmission performed by the STA later and about the modulation applied for each individual SS. An example of the behavior of a STA regarding this is as follows.

[341] For example, as an example, when an AP performs UL MIMO transmission to a STA using two SSs, the information of the user info field of a trigger frame that solicits signal transmission to which UEQM is applied (e.g., transmission of a TB-PPDU) may be as follows.

[342] Nss= 2, MCS = 5, UEQM (indication)= 1, UEQM configuration (e.g., 2 bits) = 0

[343] A STA that has received such information through the user info field of a Trigger frame recognizes through the UEQM (indication) field of the user info field that a signal is to be transmitted using UEQM. In addition, it recognizes through the SS allocation that the allocated Nss is 2SS, and confirms through the MCS field that the MCS to be applied to the first SS (1st SS) is 64QAM (2 / 3 rate). In addition, through the indication of the UEQM configuration field (from the value 0, it is indicated that M is allocated for the 1st ss and M-1 is allocated for the 2nd ss), it can be known that the modulation applied to the second SS (2ss) is 16QAM (2 / 3). A STA that has confirmed the information about the modulation applied for each SS as described above configures a PPDU using the information and transmits a signal to the AP.

[344] Technical Feature 2.4

[345] The example below relates to various information related to UEQM included in a Trigger frame. In the example below, the MCS field / information related to UEQM, the UEQM (indication) field information, and the UEQM configuration field / information may be transmitted through the user (info) field of a trigger frame. For example, in the example below, the same size as the user field of a conventional 11be trigger frame may be used.

[346] For example, the user (info) field of a trigger frame may include an MCS field / information. The MCS field / information may include at least four added new MCS parameters / indexes (e.g., MCS parameters / indexes related to QPSK-2 / 3, 16QAM-2 / 3, 16QAM-5 / 6, and 256QAM-2 / 3). For example, the MCS field / information may have a length of 5 bits.

[347] Additionally or alternatively, the user (info) field of a trigger frame may include a UEQM (indication) field / information. The UEQM (indication) field / information is used to indicate whether UEQM applies, and may be configured with 1 bit. For example, a first value (e.g., 0) of the 1 bit may relate to EQM, and a second value (e.g., 1) of the 1 bit may relate to UEQM.

[348] Additionally or alternatively, the user (info) field of a trigger frame may include a UEQM configuration field / information. For example, the UEQM configuration field / information may be configured with 2 bits in order to indicate the modulation order for UEQM. For example, the UEQM configuration field / information may be configured as in Table 27 for Nss=2.

[349] [Table 27] Total Nss Value of unequal Modulation configuration field Contents 1st ss 2nd ss 2ss 0 M M-1 1 M M-2 2~3 Reserved

[350] For example, the UEQM configuration field / information may be configured as in Table 27 for Nss=3.

[351] [Table 28] Total Nss Value of unequal Modulation configuration field Contents 1st ss 2nd ss 3rd SS 3ss 0 M M M-1 1 M M M-2 2 M M-1 M-2 3 Reserved

[352] For example, the UEQM configuration field / information may be configured as in Table 27 for Nss=4.

[353] [Table 29] Total Nss Value of unequal Modulation configuration field Contents 1st ss 2nd ss 3rd ss 4th ss 4ss 0 M M M M-1 1 M M M M-2 2 M M M-1 M-2 3 Reserved

[354] Technical Feature 2.4.1

[355] In the example below, an additional example related to the user info field of a Trigger frame is proposed. In the example below, in order to indicate information such as the above while maintaining the same size as the user field of a conventional trigger frame (i.e., 11ax / 11be), the user info field of a trigger frame of a UHR system (e.g., an IEEE 802.11bn system) may be configured as follows.

[356] For example, the MCS field included in the user info field may be extended by 1 bit from 4 bits so as to be configured with 5 bits. In this case, the 1 bit required for the extension may be defined using B15, which is reserved in the user field. For example, the UEQM (indication) field / information and the UEQM configuration field / information may be configured in a manner that reconfigures the (e.g., 6-bit) SS Allocation field.

[357] Figure 23 illustrates an example of the SS Allocation field proposed below.

[358] For example, in a UHR system, Max Nss is being considered as 8. Accordingly, as in Figure 23, the 4 bits (B0-B3) conventionally allocated to indicate the starting SS (spatial stream) may be reconfigured with 3 bits. In this case, the MSB / LSB 1 bit may be defined as a UEQM indication field. For example, taking into account the bit sequence decoding order, B3 within the 6-bit SS allocation may be defined as the UEQM indication.

[359] As described above, B0 or B3 may be defined as a UEQM indication field, and for example, when the UEQM indication field is set to a first value (e.g., 1) to indicate UEQM transmission, the remaining 3 bits may be defined as follows. For example, when the UEQM indication field is set to a second value (e.g., 0), the remaining 3 bits (e.g., B0-B2 or B1-B3 among the 6 bits of Figure 23) may include information about the Starting SS (spatial stream) of a STA, identically to the conventional one.

[360] For example, when the UEQM indication field is set to a first value (e.g., 1), the remaining 3 bits may be configured as follows. For example, the value of the Starting SS (spatial stream) is always set to 0 when it is not MU-MIMO transmission. And since UEQM is not applied during MU-MIMO, the information may always be fixed to 0 during UEQM, so that ultimately it is always set to a fixed value during UEQM and thus may be omitted. Therefore, it may be reconfigured as follows. For example, 2 bits among the 3 bits may be used to indicate the UEQM configuration field / information. For example, the UEQM configuration information (e.g., Tables 27 to 29) may be configured using B0-B1 or B1-B2. The remaining 1 bit (B0 or B2) may be used for indication of another feature of next or UHR.

[361] In addition, since only LDPC is used for coding during UEQM transmission, the UL FEC coding type field may be reserved or may be used to indicate another feature.

[362] Figure 24 is an example of a user info field configured based on the above-described content.

[363] For example, in the example of Figure 24, indication for 2x LDPC may be taken into account, and at this time, the indication for the 2x LDPC may be indicated using 1 reserved bit. For example, during UEQM, the UL FEC coding type may be reserved or may always be set to 1.

[364] For example, when configuring a trigger frame related to a UHR system, the contents or fields included in the user field may be configured differently depending on UEQM. Therefore, in order to indicate such a configuration difference for the user field early, the user field may be reconfigured as in Figure 25.

[365] Figure 25 is another example of a user info field configured based on the abovedescribed content.

[366] In the example of Figure 25, when the UEQM (indication field) is set to a first value (e.g., 1) to indicate UEQM transmission, the UL FEC coding type field of Figure 25 and the reserved field / information having a length of 1 bit may be used to indicate other information. For example, in order to indicate 2x LDPC and / or Distributed BW, and the like, the UL FEC coding type field and / or the reserved field / information having a length of 1 bit may be used.

[367] Figure 26 illustrates an example of a user field proposed by the present specification.

[368] The example of Figure 26 is an example that combines the contents described in Technical Feature 1.1, Table 4, Technical Feature 2.1.2, Tables 8 to 10, and Technical Feature 2.1.3 described above. Each feature illustrated in Figure 26 does not necessarily need to be implemented simultaneously, and some fields of Figure 26 may be omitted.

[369] The present specification relates to a signal (SIG) field including a user field. For example, the SIG field may be called various names such as a UHR / EHT / first / second SIG field. For example, the SIG field may be included in Physical Protocol Data Units (PPDUs) of various PHY versions, and may be included, for example, in the PPDU illustrated in Figure 5. For example, the PPDU may further include a Universal (U-SIG) field. For example, as illustrated in Figure 5, the signal (SIG) field (e.g., the UHR-SIG field) may be contiguous to the U-SIG field. For example, the signal (SIG) field (e.g., the UHR-SIG field) may include additional control information for interpreting the PPDU (or the Data field or the RU). For example, the signal (SIG) field (e.g., the UHR-SIG field) may include a Common field and a user specific field. For example, the user specific field may include one or two user fields.

[370] Additionally or alternatively, one user specific field may include one or two of the user fields of Figure 26.

[371] Additionally or alternatively, the user field of the present specification may be a non-multi-user multiple input multiple output (non MU-MIMO) user field.

[372] Additionally or alternatively, the user field of the present specification may include a UEQM (unequal modulation) information field having a length of 1 bit, and a UEQM pattern field having a length of 2 bits and contiguous to the UEQM information field. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM information field may include information related to whether UEQM is applied. In other words, information related to whether UEQM is applied / supported to a PPDU including the corresponding UEQM information field (e.g., a (UHR) PPDU delivered to a nonAP STA through DL) may be included in the UEQM information field. In other words, the UEQM information field may include information related to whether UEQM is applied over different spatial streams. In other words, the UEQM information field may include information related to whether UEQM is applied over a plurality of spatial streams (or two, three, or four spatial streams) related to the SIG in which the user field is included (or the PPDU in which the user field is included, or the Data field related to the user field, or the Resource Unit related to the user field). In other words, the UEQM information field may include information related to whether UEQM is applied over a plurality of spatial streams (or two, three, or four spatial streams) applied to the Data field that is decoded / interpreted based on the user field. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM information field may have a first value based on UEQM being applied over different spatial streams.

[373] Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may include information related to a UEQM pattern applied to at least two spatial streams. In other words, the information related to the UEQM pattern may express information related to a UEQM pattern applied to at least two (e.g., at least any one of two to four) or two or more (e.g., at least any one of two to four) spatial streams. For example, the UEQM information field may be identical to the UEQM indication field described above (e.g., the UEQM indication field described in Technical Feature 2.1.1, Technical Feature 2.1.3, and the like). For example, the UEQM pattern field may be identical to the UEQM configuration field described above (e.g., the UEQM configuration field described in Technical Feature 2.1.2, Technical Feature 2.1.3, and the like). Additionally or alternatively, the user field of the present specification may further include a station (STA) ID field having a length of 11 bits, and an MCS field contiguous to the STA ID field and having a length of 5 bits. Specifically, the user field of the present specification may include the STA-ID field having a length of 11 bits and the MCS field having a length of 5 bits illustrated in Figure 26.

[374] Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may include information related to constellation indexes applied to two spatial streams. For example, based on a value of the UEQM pattern field being zero (0), a constellation index related to a first spatial stream may be M, and a constellation index related to a second spatial stream may be M-1. For example, based on the value of the UEQM pattern field being one (1), the constellation index related to the first spatial stream may be M, and the constellation index related to the second spatial stream may be M-2. In other words, the UEQM pattern field may be configured based on the technique of Table 8 described above.

[375] Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may include information related to constellation indexes applied to three spatial streams. For example, based on a value of the UEQM pattern field being zero (0), a constellation index related to a first spatial stream may be M, a constellation index related to a second spatial stream may be M, and a constellation index related to a third spatial stream may be M-1. For example, based on the value of the UEQM pattern field being one (1), the constellation index related to the first spatial stream may be M, the constellation index related to the second spatial stream may be M, and the constellation index related to the third spatial stream may be M-2. For example, based on the value of the UEQM pattern field being two (2), the constellation index related to the first spatial stream may be M, the constellation index related to the second spatial stream may be M-1, and the constellation index related to the third spatial stream may be M-2. In other words, the UEQM pattern field may be configured based on the technique of Table 9 described above.

[376] Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may include information related to constellation indexes applied to four spatial streams. For example, based on a value of the UEQM pattern field being zero (0), a constellation index related to a first spatial stream may be M, a constellation index related to a second spatial stream may be M, a constellation index related to a third spatial stream may be M, and a constellation index related to a fourth spatial stream may be M-1. For example, based on the value of the UEQM pattern field being one (1), the constellation index related to the first spatial stream may be M, the constellation index related to the second spatial stream may be M, the constellation index related to the third spatial stream may be M, and the constellation index related to the fourth spatial stream may be M-2. For example, based on the value of the UEQM pattern field being two (2), the constellation index related to the first spatial stream may be M, the constellation index related to the second spatial stream may be M, the constellation index related to the third spatial stream may be M-1, and the constellation index related to the fourth spatial stream may be M-2. In other words, the UEQM pattern field may be configured based on the technique of Table 10 described above.

[377] In relation to the UEQM pattern field, M may be a constellation index related to the MCS field, M-1 may be a constellation that is one order lower than M, and M-2 may be a constellation that is two orders lower than M. For example, if M is 4096QAM, M-1 may mean 1024QAM and M-2 may mean 256QAM. For example, if M is 1024QAM, M-1 may mean 256QAM and M-2 may mean 64QAM. For example, if M is 256QAM, M-1 may mean 64QAM and M-2 may mean 16QAM. For example, if M is 16QAM, M-1 may mean QPSK and M-2 may mean BPSK. For example, if M is QPSK, M-1 may mean BPSK.

[378] Additionally or alternatively, the user field of the present specification may further include an NSS field having a length of 3 bits and contiguous to the MCS field (e.g., B16 to B18 of Figure 26), and the NSS field may include information related to the number of spatial streams. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM information field (e.g., B19 of Figure 26) may be contiguous to the NSS field (e.g., B16 to B18 of Figure 26).

[379] Additionally or alternatively, the STA ID field may be included in B0 to B10 of the user field, the MCS field may be included in B11 to B15 of the user field, the NSS field may be included in B16 to B18 of the user field, the UEQM information field may be included in B19 of the user field, and the UEQM pattern field may be included in B20 to B21 of the user field.

[380] Additionally or alternatively, when the UEQM information field (e.g., B19 of Figure 26) is set to a first value (e.g., 1), the user field may include a UEQM pattern field having a length of 2 bits and contiguous to the UEQM information field (e.g., B20 and B21 of Figure 26).

[381] Additionally or alternatively, when the UEQM information field (e.g., B19 of Figure 26) is set to a second value (e.g., 0), the user field may not include the UEQM pattern field having a length of 2 bits (e.g., B20 and B21 of Figure 26), and may include a Beamformed field having a length of 1 bit (e.g., B20 of Figure 26) and a coding field having a length of 1 bit (e.g., B21 of Figure 26). In other words, in the user field of the present specification, based on the UEQM information field (e.g., B19 of Figure 26) having a first value (e.g., 1), a Beamformed field having a length of 1 bit (e.g., B20 of Figure 26) and a coding field having a length of 1 bit (e.g., B21 of Figure 26) may be excluded from the user field.

[382] For example, the Beamformed field may include information related to whether a beamforming steering matrix is applied. For example, the coding field may include information related to whether binary convolutional code (BCC) or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) is applied to the Data field (or Resource Unit) related to the user field.

[383] Figure 27 is an example of a procedure flowchart related to the present specification. The illustrated procedure may be performed by an Access Point (AP), a non-AP, an AP Multilink Device (AP MLD), or a non-AP MLD.

[384] As illustrated, a SIG field may be generated according to step S2710. In other words, the SIG field may be encoded / defined / set / configured according to an example of the present specification.

[385] Since the SIG field related to step S2710 may be included in various PPDUs, step S2710 may also be expressed as a step of generating / encoding / defining / setting / configuring a PPDU (or a preamble or a UHR preamble) including the corresponding SIG field.

[386] The SIG field related to step S2710 may be any one of the above-described various SIG fields (e.g., the SIG field illustrated in Figure 26). For example, the SIG field related to step S2710 may be called various names such as a UHR / EHT / first / second SIG field. For example, the SIG field may be included in Physical Protocol Data Units (PPDUs) of various PHY versions, and may be included, for example, in the PPDU illustrated in Figure 5. For example, the PPDU may further include a Universal (U-SIG) field. For example, as illustrated in Figure 5, the signal (SIG) field (e.g., the UHR-SIG field) may be contiguous to the U-SIG field. For example, the signal (SIG) field (e.g., the UHR-SIG field) may include additional control information for interpreting the PPDU (or the Data field or the RU). For example, the signal (SIG) field (e.g., the UHR-SIG field) may include a Common field and a user specific field. For example, the user specific field may include one or two user fields.

[387] Additionally or alternatively, the SIG field related to step S2710 may include the user field described in Figure 26.

[388] Additionally or alternatively, the SIG field related to step S2710 may include at least one user field. For example, one user specific field may include one or two user fields related to S2710.

[389] Additionally or alternatively, the user field may include a UEQM (unequal modulation) information field having a length of 1 bit, and a UEQM pattern field having a length of 2 bits. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may be contiguous to the UEQM information field.

[390] Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM information field may include information related to whether UEQM is applied. In other words, information related to whether UEQM is applied / supported to a PPDU including the corresponding UEQM information field (e.g., a (UHR) PPDU delivered to a non-AP STA through DL) may be included in the UEQM information field. In other words, the UEQM information field may include information related to whether UEQM is applied over different spatial streams. In other words, the UEQM information field may include information related to whether UEQM is applied over a plurality of spatial streams (or two, three, or four spatial streams) related to the SIG in which the user field is included (or the PPDU in which the user field is included, or the Data field related to the user field, or the Resource Unit related to the user field). In other words, the UEQM information field may include information related to whether UEQM is applied over a plurality of spatial streams (or two, three, or four spatial streams) applied to the Data field that is decoded / interpreted based on the user field. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM information field may have a first value based on UEQM being applied over different spatial streams.

[391] Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may include information related to a UEQM pattern applied to at least two spatial streams. In other words, the information related to the UEQM pattern may express information related to a UEQM pattern applied to at least two (e.g., at least any one of two to four) or two or more (e.g., at least any one of two to four) spatial streams. For example, the UEQM information field may be identical to the UEQM indication field described above (e.g., the UEQM indication field described in Technical Feature 2.1.1, Technical Feature 2.1.3, and the like). For example, the UEQM pattern field may be identical to the UEQM configuration field described above (e.g., the UEQM configuration field described in Technical Feature 2.1.2, Technical Feature 2.1.3, and the like).

[392] Additionally or alternatively, the SIG field or the user field may be included in a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU). The PPDU may be, as described above, a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) of various PHY versions, and may be, for example, the PPDU illustrated in Figure 5.

[393] Additionally or alternatively, the user field related to step S2710 may further include a station (STA) ID field having a length of 11 bits, and an MCS field contiguous to the STA ID field and having a length of 5 bits. Specifically, the user field related to step S2710 may include the STA-ID field having a length of 11 bits and the MCS field having a length of 5 bits illustrated in Figure 26.

[394] Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may include information related to constellation indexes applied to two spatial streams. For example, based on a value of the UEQM pattern field being zero (0), a constellation index related to a first spatial stream may be M, and a constellation index related to a second spatial stream may be M-1. For example, based on the value of the UEQM pattern field being one (1), the constellation index related to the first spatial stream may be M, and the constellation index related to the second spatial stream may be M-2. In other words, the UEQM pattern field may be configured based on the technique of Table 8 described above.

[395] Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may include information related to constellation indexes applied to three spatial streams. For example, based on a value of the UEQM pattern field being zero (0), a constellation index related to a first spatial stream may be M, a constellation index related to a second spatial stream may be M, and a constellation index related to a third spatial stream may be M-1. For example, based on the value of the UEQM pattern field being one (1), the constellation index related to the first spatial stream may be M, the constellation index related to the second spatial stream may be M, and the constellation index related to the third spatial stream may be M-2. For example, based on the value of the UEQM pattern field being two (2), the constellation index related to the first spatial stream may be M, the constellation index related to the second spatial stream may be M-1, and the constellation index related to the third spatial stream may be M-2. In other words, the UEQM pattern field may be configured based on the technique of Table 9 described above.

[396] Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may include information related to constellation indexes applied to four spatial streams. For example, based on a value of the UEQM pattern field being zero (0), a constellation index related to a first spatial stream may be M, a constellation index related to a second spatial stream may be M, a constellation index related to a third spatial stream may be M, and a constellation index related to a fourth spatial stream may be M-1. For example, based on the value of the UEQM pattern field being one (1), the constellation index related to the first spatial stream may be M, the constellation index related to the second spatial stream may be M, the constellation index related to the third spatial stream may be M, and the constellation index related to the fourth spatial stream may be M-2. For example, based on the value of the UEQM pattern field being two (2), the constellation index related to the first spatial stream may be M, the constellation index related to the second spatial stream may be M, the constellation index related to the third spatial stream may be M-1, and the constellation index related to the fourth spatial stream may be M-2. In other words, the UEQM pattern field may be configured based on the technique of Table 10 described above.

[397] In relation to the UEQM pattern field, M may be a constellation index related to the MCS field, M-1 may be a constellation that is one order lower than M, and M-2 may be a constellation that is two orders lower than M. For example, if M is 4096QAM, M-1 may mean 1024QAM and M-2 may mean 256QAM. For example, if M is 1024QAM, M-1 may mean 256QAM and M-2 may mean 64QAM. For example, if M is 256QAM, M-1 may mean 64QAM and M-2 may mean 16QAM. For example, if M is 16QAM, M-1 may mean QPSK and M-2 may mean BPSK. For example, if M is QPSK, M-1 may mean BPSK.

[398] Additionally or alternatively, the user field related to step S2710 may further include an NSS field having a length of 3 bits and contiguous to the MCS field, and the NSS field may include information related to the number of spatial streams.

[399] Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM information field related to step S2710 may be contiguous to the NSS field.

[400] Additionally or alternatively, the STA ID field may be included in B0 to B10 of the user field. Additionally or alternatively, the MCS field may be included in B11 to B15 of the user field. Additionally or alternatively, the NSS field may be included in B16 to B18 of the user field. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM information field may be included in B19 of the user field. Additionally or alternatively, the UEQM pattern field may be included in B20 to B21 of the user field.

[401] Additionally or alternatively, when the UEQM information field has a first value based on UEQM being applied over different spatial streams, in the user field, based on the UEQM information field having the first value, a Beamformed field having a length of 1 bit and a coding field having a length of 1 bit may be excluded from the user field. Specifically, as described in the example of Figure 26, when the UEQM information field (e.g., B19 of Figure 26) is set to a second value (e.g., 0), the user field may not include the UEQM pattern field having a length of 2 bits (e.g., B20 and B21 of Figure 26), and may include a Beamformed field having a length of 1 bit (e.g., B20 of Figure 26) and a coding field having a length of 1 bit (e.g., B21 of Figure 26).

[402] Additionally or alternatively, the user field may be a non-multi-user multiple input multiple output (non MU-MIMO) user field.

[403] As illustrated, a SIG field may be transmitted according to step S2720.

[404] Since the SIG field related to step S2720 may be included in various PPDUs, step S2720 may also be expressed as a step of transmitting / delivering / sending a PPDU (or a preamble or a UHR preamble) including the corresponding SIG field.

[405] Figure 28 is an example of a procedure flowchart related to the present specification. The illustrated procedure may be performed by an Access Point (AP), a non-AP, an AP Multilink Device (AP MLD), or a non-AP MLD.

[406] As illustrated, a SIG field may be received according to step S2810. For example, the SIG field may include at least one user field. For example, the SIG field or the user field of step S2810 may be identical to the SIG field or the user field described in step S2710 and / or Figure 26.

[407] Since the SIG field related to step S2810 may be included in various PPDUs, step S2810 may also be expressed as a step of receiving a PPDU (or a preamble or a UHR preamble) including the corresponding SIG field.

[408] As illustrated, a PPDU may be interpreted based on the SIG field according to step S2820. For example, the process of performing step S2820 may include a process of interpreting / decoding the data field of the PPDU and a process of interpreting / decoding at least one RU (resource unit) included in the PPDU (or the data field). Accordingly, step S2820 may be expressed as a process of interpreting / decoding the PPDU, the Data field, and / or the RU based on the SIG field.

[409] The technical features of the present specification may be performed by various devices. The device of the present specification may be the device described in Figure 1 / Figure 14. The device of the present specification may include at least one processor; and at least one computer memory that is operably connectable to the at least one processor and stores instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, perform operations.

[410] For example, the processor may be the processor described in Figure 1 and / or Figure 14. That is, as described above, the processor of the present specification may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a Modem (modulator and demodulator). The processor includes not only computers with various architectures such as single / multiple processor architectures and sequential (Von Neumann) / parallel architectures, but also specialized circuits such as FPGAs, ASICs, signal processing devices, and other devices. For example, the processor of the present specification may be a SNAPDRAGON® series processor manufactured by Qualcomm®, an EXYNOS® series processor manufactured by Samsung®, an A series processor manufactured by Apple®, a HELIO® series processor manufactured by MediaTek®, an ATOM® series processor manufactured by INTEL®, or a processor that enhances these.

[411] For example, the instructions may mean computer program instructions executed by the at least one processor. The (computer program) instructions provide logic and / or routines that allow the technical features of the present specification to be performed by the processor. The at least one processor may read the at least one memory, thereby loading and executing a computer program.

[412] The computer program(s) defined by the instructions may arrive at the device of the present specification (e.g., a STA) through an appropriate delivery mechanism. The delivery mechanism may be, for example, a computer-readable storage medium, a computer program product, a memory device, a recording medium such as a CD-ROM or DVD, or an article of manufacture that tangibly embodies the computer program. The delivery mechanism may be a signal configured to reliably transmit a computer program via a wireless or electrical connection.

[413] The (computer program) instructions may include software or firmware for a programmable processor (e.g., programmable content of a hardware device whether instructions for a processor, or configuration settings for a fixed-function device, gate array or programmable logic device, and the like).

[414] For example, the memory may be the memory described in Figure 1 and / or Figure 14. That is, as described above, the memory of the present specification may store control information related to the operation of the STA of the present specification or information related to a signal transmitted and received at the corresponding STA (e.g., a PPDU including a management / control / data frame).

[415] The technical features of the present specification may also be implemented as at least one computer readable medium (CRM). The CRM includes instructions based on being executed by the at least one processor described above. The instructions stored in the CRM may be the above-described computer program instructions.

[416] The device of the present specification may further include a transceiver. The transceiver may be operably connectable to the memory / processor, and the like. The transceiver may be the transceiver illustrated in Figure 1 and / or Figure 14.

[417] The above-described technical features of the present specification are applicable to various applications or business models. For example, the above-described technical features may be applied for wireless communication in a device that supports artificial intelligence (AI).

[418] Artificial intelligence means a field that studies artificial intelligence or a methodology capable of creating it, and machine learning means a field that defines various problems dealt with in the artificial intelligence field and studies methodologies for solving them. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves the performance of a certain task through consistent experience with that task.

[419] An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a model used in machine learning, and may mean an overall model having problem-solving ability that is composed of artificial neurons (nodes) forming a network through the coupling of synapses. An artificial neural network may be defined by a connection pattern between neurons of different layers, a learning process that updates model parameters, and an Activation Function that generates an output value.

[420] An artificial neural network may include an Input Layer, an Output Layer, and optionally one or more Hidden Layers. Each layer includes one or more neurons, and an artificial neural network may include synapses connecting neurons to neurons. In an artificial neural network, each neuron may output the function value of an activation function for input signals, weights, and biases input through synapses.

[421] A model parameter means a parameter determined through learning, and includes the weight of a synapse connection and the bias of a neuron, and the like. And, a hyperparameter means a parameter that must be set before learning in a machine learning algorithm, and includes a Learning Rate, the number of iterations, a mini-batch size, an initialization function, and the like.

[422] The purpose of learning of an artificial neural network may be viewed as determining model parameters that minimize a loss function. A loss function may be used as an index for determining optimal model parameters in the learning process of an artificial neural network.

[423] Machine learning may be classified into Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning, and Reinforcement Learning according to the learning method.

[424] Supervised learning means a method of training an artificial neural network in a state where a label for training data is given, and a label may mean a correct answer (or result value) that an artificial neural network must infer when training data is input to the artificial neural network. Unsupervised learning may mean a method of training an artificial neural network in a state where a label for training data is not given. Reinforcement learning may mean a learning method that trains an agent defined within a certain environment to select an action or an action sequence that maximizes a cumulative reward in each state.

[425] Among artificial neural networks, machine learning implemented as a Deep Neural Network (DNN) including a plurality of hidden layers is also called Deep Learning, and deep learning is a part of machine learning. Hereinafter, machine learning is used in a sense that includes deep learning.

[426] In addition, the above-described technical features may be applied to wireless communication of a robot.

[427] A robot may mean a machine that automatically processes or operates a given task by its own ability. In particular, a robot having a function of recognizing an environment, making a determination by itself, and performing an operation may be called an intelligent robot.

[428] Robots may be classified into industrial, medical, household, military use, and the like according to the purpose of use or field. A robot may be provided with a driving unit including an actuator or a motor to perform various physical operations such as moving robot joints. In addition, a movable robot includes a wheel, a brake, a propeller, and the like in the driving unit, so that it can travel on the ground or fly in the air through the driving unit.

[429] In addition, the above-described technical features may be applied to a device that supports extended reality.

[430] Extended reality collectively refers to Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR). VR technology provides objects or backgrounds of the real world only as CG images, AR technology provides virtually created CG images together on top of images of real objects, and MR technology is a computer graphics technology that provides virtual objects by mixing and combining them into the real world.

[431] MR technology is similar to AR technology in that it shows real objects and virtual objects together. However, there is a difference in that, in AR technology, virtual objects are used in a form that complements real objects, whereas in MR technology, virtual objects and real objects are used with equal characteristics.

[432] XR technology may be applied to a Head-Mount Display (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD), a mobile phone, a tablet PC, a laptop, a desktop, a TV, digital signage, and the like, and a device to which XR technology is applied may be called an XR Device.

Claims

[Claims]

1. A method comprising:generating a signal (SIG) field including a user field, wherein the user field includes an unequal modulation (UEQM) information field having a length of 1 bit, and a UEQM pattern field having a length of 2 bits and contiguous to the UEQM information field,wherein the UEQM information field includes information related to whether UEQM is applied, wherein the UEQM pattern field includes information related to a UEQM pattern applied to at least two spatial streams; and transmitting the SIG field.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the SIG field is included in a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), wherein the PPDU further includes a Universal (U-SIG) field including control information for interpreting the PPDU, wherein the SIG field is contiguous to the U-SIG field and includes additional control information for interpreting the PPDU, wherein the SIG field includes a common field and a user specific field, and wherein the user field is included in the user specific field.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the user field further includes a station (STA) ID field having a length of 11 bits, and a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) field contiguous to the STA ID field and having a length of 5 bits, and wherein the UEQM information field has a first value based on UEQM being applied over different spatial streams.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the UEQM pattern field includes information related to constellation indexes applied to two spatial streams, wherein, based on a value of the UEQM pattern field being zero (0), a constellation index related to a first spatial stream is M, and a constellation index related to a second spatial stream is M-1,wherein, based on the value of the UEQM pattern field being one (1), the constellation index related to the first spatial stream is M, and the constellation index related to the second spatial stream is M-2,wherein M is a constellation index related to the MCS field,wherein M-1 is a constellation that is one order lower than M, andwherein M-2 is a constellation that is two orders lower than M.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the UEQM pattern field includes information related to constellation indexes applied to three spatial streams,wherein, based on a value of the UEQM pattern field being zero (0), a constellation index related to a first spatial stream is M, a constellation index related to a second spatial stream is M, and a constellation index related to a third spatial stream is M-1,wherein, based on the value of the UEQM pattern field being one (1), the constellation index related to the first spatial stream is M, the constellation index related to the second spatial stream is M, and the constellation index related to the third spatial stream is M-2,wherein, based on the value of the UEQM pattern field being two (2), the constellation index related to the first spatial stream is M, the constellation index related to the second spatial stream is M-1, and the constellation index related to the third spatial stream is M-2,wherein M is a constellation index related to information included in the MCS field,wherein M-1 is a constellation that is one order lower than M, andwherein M-2 is a constellation that is two orders lower than M.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein the UEQM pattern field includes information related to constellation indexes applied to four spatial streams,wherein, based on a value of the UEQM pattern field being zero (0), a constellation index related to a first spatial stream is M, a constellation index related to a second spatial stream is M, a constellation index related to a third spatial stream is M, and a constellation index related to a fourth spatial stream is M-1,wherein, based on the value of the UEQM pattern field being one (1), the constellation index related to the first spatial stream is M, the constellation index related to the second spatial stream is M, the constellation index related to the third spatial stream is M, and the constellation indexrelated to the fourth spatial stream is M-2,wherein, based on the value of the UEQM pattern field being two (2), the constellation index related to the first spatial stream is M, the constellation index related to the second spatial stream is M, the constellation index related to the third spatial stream is M-1, and the constellation index related to the fourth spatial stream is M-2, wherein M is a constellation index related to information included in the MCS field, wherein M-1 is a constellation that is one order lower than M, and wherein M-2 is a constellation that is two orders lower than M.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein the user field further includes a number of spatial streams (NSS) field contiguous to the MCS field and having a length of 3 bits, wherein the NSS field includes information related to a number of spatial streams, and wherein the UEQM information field is contiguous to the NSS field.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the STA ID field is included in B0 to B10 of the user field, wherein the MCS field is included in B11 to B15 of the user field, wherein the NSS field is included in B16 to B18 of the user field, wherein the UEQM information field is included in B19 of the user field, and wherein the UEQM pattern field is included in B20 to B21 of the user field.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the UEQM information field has a first value based on UEQM being applied over different spatial streams, wherein, based on the UEQM information field having the first value, a Beamformed field having a length of 1 bit and a coding field having a length of 1 bit are excluded from the user field, wherein the Beamformed field includes information related to whether a beamforming steering matrix is applied, and wherein the coding field includes information related to whether binary convolutional code(BCC) or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) is applied.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the user field is a non-multi-user multiple input multiple output (non MU-MIMO) user field.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the SIG field is transmitted by an access point (AP), a non-AP, an AP multi-link device (AP MLD), or a non-AP MLD.

12. A station (STA), comprising:at least one processor; andat least one computer memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, perform operations comprising:generating a signal (SIG) field including a user field,wherein the user field includes an unequal modulation (UEQM) information field having alength of 1 bit, and a UEQM pattern field having a length of 2 bits and contiguous to the UEQM information field,wherein the UEQM information field includes information related to whether UEQM is applied, wherein the UEQM pattern field includes information related to a UEQM pattern applied to at least two spatial streams; andtransmitting the SIG field.

13. The STA of claim 12, wherein the instructions of the at least one computer memory perform operations related to any one of claims 2 to 11.

14. A method performed in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, the method comprising: receiving, by a station (STA), a signal (SIG) field including a user field, wherein the SIG field is included in a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), wherein the user field includes an unequal modulation (UEQM) information field having a length of 1 bit, and a UEQM pattern field having a length of 2 bits and contiguous to the UEQM information field,wherein the UEQM information field includes information related to whether UEQM is applied, wherein the UEQM pattern field includes information related to a UEQM pattern applied to at least two spatial streams; andinterpreting, by the STA, the PPDU based on the SIG field.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the STA performs operations related to any one of claims 2 to 11.

16. A station (STA), comprising:at least one processor; andat least one computer memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, perform operations comprising:receiving a signal (SIG) field including a user field,wherein the SIG field is included in a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), wherein the user field includes an unequal modulation (UEQM) information field having a length of 1 bit, and a UEQM pattern field having a length of 2 bits and contiguous to the UEQM information field,wherein the UEQM information field includes information related to whether UEQM is applied, wherein the UEQM pattern field includes information related to a UEQM pattern applied to at least two spatial streams; andinterpreting the PPDU based on the SIG field.

17. The STA of claim 16, wherein the STA performs operations related to any one of claims 2 to 11.

18. At least one computer readable medium (CRM) storing instructions that, based on being executed by at least one processor, perform operations comprising: generating a signal (SIG) field including a user field, wherein the user field includes an unequal modulation (UEQM) information field having a length of 1 bit, and a UEQM pattern field having a length of 2 bits and contiguous to the UEQM information field,wherein the UEQM information field includes information related to whether UEQM is applied, wherein the UEQM pattern field includes information related to a UEQM pattern applied to at least two spatial streams; and transmitting the SIG field.

19. The CRM of claim 18, wherein the CRM performs operations related to any one of claims 2 to 11.

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