Use of aurelia extract in cancer treatment

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the field of pharmaceuticals, and in particular to the use of an Aurelia extract in cancer treatment. The Aurelia extract provided by the present disclosure, or the Aurelia extract obtained by a preparation method disclosed in the present disclosure demonstrates significant inhibitory effects on various tumors including intestinal cancer and lung cancer. The inhibitory effects on tumors comprise killing tumor cells, alleviating inflammation caused by tumors, and reducing tumor-induced organ lesions. Therefore, the Aurelia extract disclosed in the present disclosure can be used for preparing products for treating and preventing tumors, including but not limited to various antitumor drugs with different administration routes.

Description

PRIORITY CLAIM The present disclosure claims the priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410442980.4, filed on Apr. 12, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to the field of pharmaceuticals, and in particular to the use of a jellyfish extract in cancer treatment. BACKGROUND Jellyfish have important value in the fields of cosmetics, food, and scientific research. Jellyfish collagen contains abundant collagen and elastin, which are among the most important components in skin and can make the skin firmer and more elastic, thereby reducing the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. Jellyfish is also a nutritious food source and is low-fat and low-calorie. The gelatinous substance thereof contains abundant proteins and various minerals, such as calcium, iron, and zinc, and has beneficial effects on human health. As a very special type of organism, jellyfish have unique characteristics in terms of body structure and life activities, and therefore have important value in scientific research. Meanwhile, jellyfish are also commonly raised or displayed as ornamental aquatic animals or marine biological exhibits, providing people with aesthetic enjoyment. In addition, jellyfish also have high economic and ecological value. In some countries and regions, jellyfish are regarded as a delicacy, particularly in coastal areas of China. Meanwhile, jellyfish can absorb and accumulate toxic substances and pollutants, and therefore can be used in ecological restoration and environmental remediation. Some small jellyfish can also be used as biological indicators for monitoring the health status of marine environments and ecosystems. The jellyfish extract is a substance derived from jellyfish and contains various bioactive components, including proteins, gelatin, and mucin (glycosylated proteins). These components endow the jellyfish extract with potential application value. For example, the jellyfish extract can be applied in whitening, alleviating fatigue, and enhancing immunity. However, the application of jellyfish extract in cancer treatment still requires further investigation and development. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a jellyfish extract, a preparation method of the jellyfish extract, and use thereof in treating or preventing a tumor. In a first aspect of the present disclosure, provided is the use of a jellyfish extract in preparing a product for treating or preventing a tumor, optionally, the tumor comprises a solid tumor. In an optional embodiment, the jellyfish is selected from jellyfish of the Order Semaeostomeae. Optionally, the jellyfish is selected from at least one of jellyfish of the Family Cyaneidae, the Family Pelagiidae, and the Family Ulmaridae. Wherein, the jellyfish of the Family Cyaneidae comprises lion's mane jellyfish (Cyanea capillata), brown jellyfish (Cyanea ferruginea), white jellyfish (Cyanea nozakii), purple jellyfish (Cyanea purpurea). The jellyfish of the Family Pelagiidae comprises golden jellyfish (Chrysaora helvola), luminous jellyfish (Pelagia noctiluca), Malayan Sander's jellyfish (Sanderia malayensis), and the jellyfish of the Family Ulmaridae comprises moon jellyfish (Aurelia coerulea). In an optional embodiment, the jellyfish is moon jellyfish (Aurelia coerulea), or the jellyfish comprises moon jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) and at least one other jellyfish selected from jellyfish of the Order Semaeostomeae. In an optional embodiment, the jellyfish extract is extracted from a whole jellyfish or one or more specific parts, organs, or tissues of the jellyfish, but at least comprises the bell of the jellyfish. In an optional embodiment, the preparation method of the jellyfish extract comprises subjecting a whole jellyfish or a specific part of the jellyfish after dehydration and desalination to enzymatic hydrolysis, and obtaining the jellyfish extract after filtering the obtained enzymatic hydrolysate; the enzyme used for the enzymatic hydrolysis comprises alkaline protease and pepsin. In an optional embodiment, the volume-to-mass ratio of liquid to solid in the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-10:1, optionally 6:1; optionally, the temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 30-70°C, preferably 50°C; optionally, the pH of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-9, preferably 6-8.5. In an optional embodiment, the jellyfish is clean and free of attachments; optionally, after obtaining the jellyfish extract by filtration, the method further comprises a shaping step of the jellyfish extract. In an optional embodiment, the dosage form of the jellyfish extract comprises a powder, a granule, or a liquid. In an optional embodiment, the dosage form of the product for treating or preventing a tumor comprises an oral formulation. In an optional embodiment, the tumor comprises advanced-stage or terminal-stage intestinal cancer, lung cancer, or prostate cancer. In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a preparation method of a jellyfish extract, comprising subjecting a whole jellyfish or a specific part of the jellyfish after dehydration and desalination to enzymatic hydrolysis, and obtaining the jellyfish extract after filtering the obtained enzymatic hydrolysate, wherein the enzyme used for the enzymatic hydrolysis comprises alkaline protease and pepsin, and the jellyfish extract can be used for treating or preventing a tumor; optionally, the tumor comprises a solid tumor. In an optional embodiment, the volume-to-mass ratio of liquid to solid in the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-10:1, optionally 6:1; the temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 30-70°C, optionally 50°C; and the pH of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-9, optionally 6-8.5. In an optional embodiment, the jellyfish is clean and free of attachments; In an optional embodiment, after obtaining the jellyfish extract by filtration, the method further comprises a shaping step of the jellyfish extract. In an optional embodiment, the dosage form of the jellyfish extract comprises a powder, a granule, or a liquid. In a third aspect, the present disclosure provides a jellyfish extract for treating or preventing a tumor, the jellyfish extract being obtained by the preparation method according to the second aspect. In a fourth aspect, the present disclosure provides a drug for treating or preventing a tumor, wherein the drug comprises the jellyfish extract, and the preparation method of the jellyfish extract comprises subjecting a whole jellyfish or a specific part of the jellyfish after dehydration and desalination to enzymatic hydrolysis, and obtaining the jellyfish extract after filtering the obtained enzymatic hydrolysate; the enzyme used for the enzymatic hydrolysis comprises alkaline protease and pepsin; optionally, the tumor comprises a solid tumor In an optional embodiment, the volume-to-mass ratio of liquid to solid in the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-10:1, optionally 6:1; the temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 30-70°C, optionally 50°C; and the pH of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-9, optionally 6-8.5. In an optional embodiment, the dosage form of the drug comprises an oral formulation. In a fifth aspect, the present disclosure provides a preparation method of the drug according to the fourth aspect, comprising concentrating the jellyfish extract obtained by the preparation method according to the second aspect to obtain a concentrated jellyfish extract, and then subjecting the concentrated jellyfish extract to a shaping step to obtain an oral formulation. In a sixth aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for treating or preventing a tumor, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective dose of the drug according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure; optionally, the tumor comprises a solid tumor. In a seventh aspect, the present disclosure provides use of a jellyfish extract in preparing a drug for treating diseases associated with overexpression of gene A or low expression of gene B, wherein the gene A is selected from one or a combination of CYP4F11, FTL, HMOX1, GCLC, TXNRD1, GCNT3, or CYP4F3, and the gene B is selected from one or a combination of CEMIP, NR4A3, ISG15, PCDH7, EGR1, ASPM, DUSP2, PRR11, EGR2, SACS, PTPN14, SYNE2, IFIT1, CYP4F11, or FTL. In an optional embodiment, the preparation method of the jellyfish extract comprises subjecting a whole jellyfish or a specific part of the jellyfish after dehydration and desalination to enzymatic hydrolysis, and obtaining the jellyfish extract after filtering the obtained enzymatic hydrolysate; the enzyme used for the enzymatic hydrolysis comprises alkaline protease and pepsin. In an optional embodiment, the volume-to-mass ratio of liquid to solid in the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-10:1, optionally 6:1. The temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 30-70°C, optionally 50°C. The pH of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-9, optionally 6-8.5. In an optional embodiment, the disease comprises a tumor, and the tumor may be a solid tumor, further may be an intestinal cancer, a lung cancer, or a prostate cancer. It has been verified that the jellyfish extract provided by the present disclosure, or the jellyfish extract obtained by the preparation method provided by the present disclosure, demonstrates significant inhibitory effects on various tumors including intestinal cancer and lung cancer. The inhibitory effects on tumors comprise killing tumor cells, alleviating inflammation and tumor-induced organ lesions caused by tumors. Therefore, the jellyfish extract provided by the present disclosure can be used for preparing products for treating or preventing a tumor, including but not limited to various antitumor drugs with different administration routes. Drawing descriptions FIG. 1 shows the preparation process of the jellyfish extract in example 1; FIG. 2 shows a surface structure image of the cured product obtained by photocuring 3D printing in example 2 ; FIG. 3 shows the relative cell viability curves for different drugs in the LC-S T21 experimental group in example 2 ; FIG. 4 shows the relative cell viability curves for different drugs in the LC-S T15 experimental group in example 2 ; FIG. 5 shows flow cytometry histograms of the PBMC-Hycells immunomodulation assay in example 3 ; FIG. 6 shows flow cytometry histograms of the PBMC-HB immunomodulation assay in example 3 ; FIG. 7 shows flow cytometry histograms of the LC-PE T13 immunomodulation assay in example 3 ; FIG. 8 shows flow cytometry histograms of the LC-PE T14 immunomodulation assay in example 3 ; FIG. 9 shows a comparison of the inhibitory effects of the jellyfish extract on T cells and pleural effusion from lung cancer ; FIG. 10 shows the ameliorative effect of the jellyfish extract on DSS-induced body weight loss in mice ; FIG. 11 shows the ameliorative effect of the jellyfish extract on DSS-induced colon shortening in mice ; FIG. 12 shows the ameliorative effect of the jellyfish extract on DSS-induced splenic enlargement in mice ; FIG. 13 shows the restorative effect of the jellyfish extract on DSS-induced colonic structural damage in mice. FIG. 14 shows the effect of the jellyfish extract on the expression levels of validation factors in the rectum of IBD mice ; FIG. 15 shows the effect of the jellyfish extract on the viability of intestinal cancer cells HCT116 ; FIG. 16 shows the effect of the jellyfish extract on the metastasis of intestinal cancer cells HCT116 ; FIG. 17 shows representative images of reduced tumor numbers in CRC mice treated with the jellyfish extract ; FIG. 18 shows statistical results of the reduction in tumor number and decrease in tumor malignancy in CRC mice treated with the jellyfish extract FIG. 19 shows the inhibitory effect of the jellyfish extract on body weight loss in CRC mice ; FIG. 20 shows the effect of the jellyfish extract on reducing spleen weight in CRC mice ; FIG. 21 shows the relative cell viability curves for different drugs in the CRC230511T1 experimental group ; FIG. 22 shows the relative cell viability curves for different drugs in the CRC230601T1 experimental group ; FIG. 23 shows the relative cell viability curves for different drugs in the CRC221123T3 experimental group ; FIG. 24 shows the relative cell viability curves for different drugs in the HCT116 intestinal cancer cell experimental group ; FIG. 25 shows a comparison of the numbers of genes significantly upregulated and downregulated by the jellyfish extract ; FIG. 26 shows the classification chart of genes significantly upregulated and downregulated by the jellyfish extract ; FIG. 27 shows the significant association between genes regulated by the jellyfish extract and colorectal cancer ; FIG. 28 shows the GO signaling pathways significantly enriched by the jellyfish extract ; FIG. 29 shows the DO signaling pathways significantly enriched by the jellyfish extract ; FIG. 30 shows the Reactome signaling pathways significantly enriched by the jellyfish extract ; FIG. 31 shows the KEGG signaling pathways significantly enriched by the jellyfish extract ; FIG. 32 shows the effect of the jellyfish extract on the cell cycle of intestinal cancer cells HCT116. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Based on the above disclosure of the present disclosure, various other modifications, substitutions, or changes may be made by those skilled in the art according to common technical knowledge and conventional means without departing from the basic technical concept of the present disclosure. I. Definitions Unless otherwise expressly indicated, throughout the specification and claims, the term “comprising” or variations thereof, such as “comprises” or “including”, shall be understood as including the stated elements or components, without excluding other elements or components. As used herein, without limiting the specific species of jellyfish or extraction methods, the term “jellyfish extract” generally refers to a biologically active substance extracted from jellyfish. In the present disclosure, the jellyfish extract is a mixture containing multiple active components, which is directly obtained by the extraction method. For example, the jellyfish extract (JELLYFISH EXTRACT) registered under the registration number CB0961824 in Chemical Book may be used. As used herein, the term “treatment” includes inhibiting, alleviating, or eliminating one or more symptoms or side effects associated with the disease, condition, or disorder being treated. The term “effective amount” (therapeutically effective amount) refers to a dose sufficient to treat, inhibit, or alleviate one or more symptoms of the disease state being treated, or otherwise provide a desired pharmacological and / or physiological effect. The precise dosage will vary depending on a variety of factors, such as subject-dependent variables (e.g., age, immune system health, and the like), the disease or condition, and the treatment administered. The effect of an effective amount may be assessed relative to a control. Such controls are known in the art and are discussed herein, and may be, for example, the condition of a subject prior to administration of a drug or drug combination or in the absence of administration thereof. Alternatively, in the case of a drug combination, the combined effect may be compared with the effect of administration of a single drug alone. As used herein, the term “prevention” primarily refers to secondary prevention, also known as preclinical prevention (or presymptomatic prevention), which refers to implementing the “three early” preventive measures of early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment during the preclinical stage of a tumor. By early detection and diagnosis of a tumor, followed by administration of an appropriate dose of the jellyfish extract, changes during the preclinical or early clinical stages of a tumor can be prevented, thereby enabling the disease to be detected and treated at an early stage and avoiding or reducing complications. As used herein, the term “jellyfish of the Order Semaeostomeae” refers to one of the most common orders in the Class Scyphozoa of the phylum Cnidaria. The bell thereof is bowl-shaped or butterfly-shaped, with 8 to numerous marginal indentations, each containing a sensory pit. The number, distribution, and shape of tentacles vary among species. These jellyfish possess oral arms, in which ciliated grooves are present. Complex radial canals extend from the gastric pouch, and a ring canal may or may not be present. The majority of them inhabit coastal areas. Among currently known jellyfish species, the lower-level classifications of this order include jellyfish of the Family Cyaneidae, jellyfish of the Family Pelagiidae, and jellyfish of the Family Ulmaridae. Therefore, the term “jellyfish of the Order Semaeostomeae” as used herein should not be construed as being limited only to the above three families. Newly discovered species, or species that have already been discovered but are subsequently confirmed to belong to the Order Semaeostomeae, are also within the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Similarly, among currently known classifications of jellyfish, the Family Cyaneidae includes lion's mane jellyfish (Cyanea capillata), brown jellyfish (Cyanea ferruginea), white jellyfish (Cyanea nozakii), and purple jellyfish (Cyanea purpurea). The jellyfish of the Family Pelagiidae includes golden jellyfish (Chrysaora helvola), luminous jellyfish (Pelagia noctiluca), and Malayan Sander's jellyfish (Sanderia malayensis). The jellyfish of the Family Ulmaridae currently includes only moon jellyfish (Aurelia coerulea) as a classified and registered species, according to the 2023 edition of the Catalogue of Life of China. It should be noted that the composition of the jellyfish extract varies depending on the species and order of jellyfish used, and the anti-tumor effects may differ to some extent. Meanwhile, certain jellyfish species can secrete jellyfish toxins. When jellyfish extracts obtained from such species are used for preparing anti-tumor drugs, their safety needs to be evaluated, and the dosage added should be strictly controlled. Among these, Aurelia coerulea is a non-toxic jellyfish, and extracts derived from this species have significant advantages in terms of safety. For toxic jellyfish, the tentacles may be removed, and the non-toxic bell portion may be retained for preparation of the extract. As used herein, the term “alkaline protease”, also known as serine protease, refers to a highly alkaline (with a pH of about 9-10) proteolytic enzyme having serine as the active center. It hydrolyzes peptide chains of protein molecules to generate polypeptides or amino acids and has strong protein-degrading activity. Alkaline proteases are widely present in bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi, such as Bacillus licheniformis (Bacilluslicheniformis), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (B.amyloliquefaciens), Bacillus pumilus (B.pumiChemicalbooklus), Bacillus alcalophilus (B.alcalophilus), Streptomyces griseus (Streptomycesgriseus), Streptomyces fradiae (S.fradiae), and certain Fusarium species (Fusarium spp). The enzyme exhibits activity within a pH range of 7-11. In addition to hydrolyzing peptide bonds, the enzyme also has the ability to hydrolyze ester bonds and amide bonds, as well as the ability to perform transesterification and transpeptidation. As used herein, the term “flavour protease” refers to a protease produced by fermentation using Aspergillus oryzae and purified through advanced extraction processes including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and vacuum freeze-drying techniques. The number of microorganisms is strictly controlled to meet food-grade standards. Flavour protease can impart a unique flavour to the hydrolysate and reduce the bitterness caused by hydrolysis. As used herein, the term “oral formulation” refers to a dosage form that is administered orally and enters the gastrointestinal tract, where it exerts a local effect or is absorbed to produce a systemic effect. Drugs that are readily degraded by acids or enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract are generally unsuitable in such simple dosage forms. As used herein, the term “drug” refers to a composition comprising the jellyfish extract of the present disclosure and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable ingredient selected according to the route of administration and the nature of the dosage form, including, but not limited to, carriers, diluents, adjuvants, excipients, preservatives, fillers, disintegrants, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, suspending agents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, fragrances, antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, lubricants, dispersing agents, thermosensitive materials, temperature regulators, adhesives, stabilizers, suspending aids, etc. II. Detailed description According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a use of a jellyfish extract in the preparation of a product for the treatment or prevention of a tumor, wherein, optionally, the tumor comprises a solid tumor. In an optional embodiment, the jellyfish is selected from jellyfish of the Order Semaeostomeae. Optionally, the jellyfish is selected from at least one of jellyfish of the Family Cyaneidae, the Family Pelagiidae, and the Family Ulmaridae. Wherein, the jellyfish of the Family Cyaneidae include lion's mane jellyfish (Cyanea capillata), brown jellyfish (Cyanea ferruginea), white jellyfish (Cyanea nozakii), and purple jellyfish (Cyanea purpurea). The jellyfish of the Family Pelagiidae include golden jellyfish (Chrysaora helvola), luminous jellyfish (Pelagia noctiluca), and Malayan Sander's jellyfish (Sanderia malayensis). The jellyfish of the Family Ulmaridae include moon jellyfish (Aurelia coerulea). In an optional embodiment, the jellyfish is moon jellyfish (Aurelia coerulea), or the jellyfish comprises moon jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) and at least one other jellyfish selected from jellyfish of the Order Semaeostomeae. Exemplarily, the jellyfish include, but are not limited to, the following combinations: (1) only moon jellyfish is selected; (2) moon jellyfish and Malayan Sander's jellyfish are selected; (3) moon jellyfish and luminous jellyfish are selected; (4) moon jellyfish and golden jellyfish are selected; (5) moon jellyfish and purple jellyfish are selected; (5) moon jellyfish and white jellyfish are selected; (6) moon jellyfish and brown jellyfish are selected; (7) moon jellyfish and lion's mane jellyfish are selected; (8) moon jellyfish, one jellyfish of the Family Cyaneidae, and one jellyfish of the Family Pelagiidae are selected; (9) moon jellyfish, one jellyfish of the Family Cyaneidae, and two jellyfish of the Family Pelagiidae are selected; (10) moon jellyfish, two jellyfish of the Family Cyaneidae, and one jellyfish of the Family Pelagiidae are selected; and other combinations comprising moon jellyfish and at least one other jellyfish selected from jellyfish of the Order Semaeostomeae. In an optional embodiment, the jellyfish extract is extracted from whole jellyfish or one or more specific parts, organs, or tissues of jellyfish, but at least includes the bell portion of the jellyfish. Exemplarily, the extraction parts of the jellyfish include, but are not limited to, whole moon jellyfish, the bell portion of moon jellyfish, the bell portion of moon jellyfish and at least one bell portion of another jellyfish selected from jellyfish of the Order Semaeostomeae, and whole moon jellyfish and at least one bell portion of another jellyfish selected from jellyfish of the Order Semaeostomeae. In an optional embodiment, the preparation method of the jellyfish extract comprises enzymatically hydrolyzing dehydrated and desalted whole jellyfish or a specific part of the jellyfish, and obtaining the jellyfish extract by filtering the resulting enzymatic hydrolysate. It can be understood that, when a specific part of the jellyfish is used as the raw material for extracting the extract, the specific part of the jellyfish may be first separated and then subjected to dehydration and desalination in the preparation method, or the whole jellyfish may be first subjected to dehydration and desalination, followed by separation of the specific part of the jellyfish. In the preparation method, the purpose of the filtration is to remove solid impurities. In an optional embodiment, two or more enzymes are used in the enzymatic hydrolysis. Preferably, the enzymes comprise alkaline protease and pepsin, and flavour protease may also be added without affecting the activity. It should be noted that, in the enzymatic hydrolysis step, the optional sequences of enzymatic hydrolysis include: (1) enzymatic hydrolysis with alkaline protease followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with pepsin; or (2) enzymatic hydrolysis with pepsin followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with alkaline protease; or an additional enzymatic hydrolysis step with flavour protease may be further performed after the above enzymatic hydrolysis sequence (1) or (2). In an optional embodiment, the volume-to-mass ratio of liquid to solid in the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-10:1, optionally 6:1. Optionally, the temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 30-70°C, for example, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, or 50°C, and optionally 50°C. Optionally, the pH of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-9, optionally 6-8.5, for example, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, or 8.5. An optional combination of parameters for the enzymatic hydrolysis step may be as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis with alkaline protease-enzymatic hydrolysis with pepsin; a liquid-to-solid volume-to-mass ratio of 6:1; an enzymatic hydrolysis temperature maintained at a constant temperature of 50°C; and pH values for enzymatic hydrolysis of 8.5 for alkaline protease hydrolysis and 6.5 for pepsin hydrolysis. In an optional embodiment, the jellyfish is clean and free of attached substances, so as to avoid introducing impurities or degradation products of other organisms. In an optional embodiment, after the jellyfish extract is obtained by filtration, the preparation method further comprises a shaping step for the jellyfish extract. The shaping step and method thereof may be selected and optimized according to the actual requirements for subsequent preparation of an antitumor product, including but not limited to the dosage form of the antitumor product or the route of administration. In an optional embodiment, the dosage form of the jellyfish extract includes a powder, a granule, or a liquid . It should be noted that, in the examples of the present disclosure, cell experiments and animal experiments have demonstrated that the jellyfish extract provided herein achieves favorable antitumor effects after administration by injection or oral administration. Therefore, dosage forms of the jellyfish extract that can be administered orally or by injection should also fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure. In addition, based on the disclosure herein, other dosage forms whose effectiveness can be reasonably inferred should also fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure. In an optional embodiment, the dosage form of the product for treating or preventing a tumor comprises an oral formulation. It should be noted that, when the jellyfish extract provided by the present disclosure is applied to the research and development and preparation of products for treating or preventing a tumor, it is readily achievable for those skilled in the art to develop dosage forms more suitable for administration for different cancer types. In an optional embodiment, the tumor comprises advanced-stage or terminal-stage colorectal cancer, lung cancer, or prostate cancer. The colorectal cancer includes, but is not limited to, colon cancer or rectal cancer, and subtypes thereof, such as adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, or squamous cell carcinoma. The lung cancer includes, but is not limited to, small cell lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, or large cell carcinoma. The prostate cancer includes adenocarcinoma, ductal adenocarcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or adenosquamous carcinoma. According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a preparation method of a jellyfish extract for treating or preventing a tumor, comprising enzymatically hydrolyzing dehydrated and desalted whole jellyfish or a specific part of jellyfish, and obtaining the jellyfish extract by filtering the resulting enzymatic hydrolysate, wherein the enzymes used for the enzymatic hydrolysis comprise alkaline protease and pepsin, and the jellyfish extract can be used for treating or preventing a tumor; optionally, the tumor comprises a solid tumor. In an optional embodiment, the volume-to-mass ratio of liquid to solid in the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-10:1, optionally 6:1. The temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 30-70°C, for example, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, or 50°C, and optionally 50°C. Optionally, the pH of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-9, optionally 6-8.5, for example, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, or 8.5. In an optional embodiment, the jellyfish is clean and free of attached substances; In an optional embodiment, after the jellyfish extract is obtained by filtration, the preparation method further comprises a shaping step for the jellyfish extract. In an optional embodiment, the dosage form of the jellyfish extract includes a powder, a granule, or a liquid. In an optional embodiment, the tumor comprises advanced-stage or terminal-stage colorectal cancer, lung cancer, or prostate cancer. According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a jellyfish extract for treating or preventing a tumor, which is obtained by the preparation method according to the second aspect. According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a drug for treating or preventing a tumor, wherein the drug comprises a jellyfish extract, and the preparation method of the jellyfish extract comprises enzymatically hydrolyzing dehydrated and desalted whole jellyfish or a specific part of jellyfish, and obtaining the jellyfish extract by filtering the resulting enzymatic hydrolysate; wherein the enzymes used for the enzymatic hydrolysis comprise alkaline protease and pepsin; optionally, the tumor comprises a solid tumor. In an optional embodiment, the volume-to-mass ratio of liquid to solid in the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-10:1, optionally 6:1; the temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 30-70°C, for example, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, or 50°C, and optionally 50°C; and the pH of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-9, optionally 6-8.5, for example, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, or 8.5. In an optional embodiment, the dosage form of the drug comprises an oral formulation. In an optional embodiment, the drug is used for treating or preventing lung cancer, and the effective dose of the jellyfish extract in the drug is 10 mg / mL to 100 mg / mL, optionally 10 mg / mL to 40 mg / mL or 40 mg / mL to 70 mg / mL, including but not limited to 10 mg / mL, 15 mg / mL, 20 mg / mL, 25 mg / mL, 30 mg / mL, 35 mg / mL, 40 mg / mL, 45 mg / mL, 50 mg / mL, 55 mg / mL, 60 mg / mL, 65 mg / mL, 70 mg / mL, 75 mg / mL, 80 mg / mL, 85 mg / mL, 90 mg / mL, 95 mg / mL, or 100 mg / mL. In an optional embodiment, the drug is used for treating or preventing colorectal cancer, and the effective dose of the jellyfish extract in the drug is 10 mg / mL to 100 mg / mL, optionally 10 mg / mL to 40 mg / mL or 40 mg / mL to 70 mg / mL, including but not limited to 10 mg / mL, 15 mg / mL, 20 mg / mL, 25 mg / mL, 30 mg / mL, 35 mg / mL, 40 mg / mL, 45 mg / mL, 50 mg / mL, 55 mg / mL, 60 mg / mL, 65 mg / mL, 70 mg / mL, 75 mg / mL, 80 mg / mL, 85 mg / mL, 90 mg / mL, 95 mg / mL, or 100 mg / mL. According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a preparation method of the drug according to the fourth aspect, comprising concentrating the jellyfish extract obtained by the preparation method according to the second aspect of the present disclosure to obtain a concentrated jellyfish extract, and subjecting the concentrated jellyfish extract to a shaping step to obtain a drug in the form of an oral dosage form, an injectable dosage form, a respiratory administration dosage form, a mucosal administration dosage form, a dermal administration dosage form, or a cavity administration dosage form. According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for treating or preventing a tumor, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective dose of the drug according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure; optionally, the tumor comprises a solid tumor. According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a use of a jellyfish extract in the preparation of a drug for treating diseases associated with overexpression of gene A or low expression of gene B, wherein gene A is selected from one or more of CYP4F11, FTL, HMOX1, GCLC, TXNRD1, GCNT3, and CYP4F3, and gene B is selected from one or more of CEMIP, NR4A3, ISG15, PCDH7, EGR1, ASPM, DUSP2, PRR11, EGR2, SACS, PTPN14, SYNE2, IFIT1, CYP4F11, and FTL. The gene combination comprised in gene A may optionally be a combination of two, three, four, five, six, or seven genes selected from CYP4F11, FTL, HMOX1, GCLC, TXNRD1, GCNT3, and CYP4F3, for example, CYP4F11 and FTL; CYP4F11, FTL, and HMOX1; CYP4F11, FTL, HMOX1, and GCLC; CYP4F11, FTL, HMOX1, GCLC, and TXNRD1; CYP4F11, FTL, HMOX1, GCLC, TXNRD1, and GCNT3; CYP4F11, FTL, HMOX1, GCLC, TXNRD1, GCNT3, and CYP4F3; or other combinations. The gene combination comprised in gene B may optionally be a combination of 2 to 15 genes selected from CEMIP, NR4A3, ISG15, PCDH7, EGR1, ASPM, DUSP2, PRR11, EGR2, SACS, PTPN14, SYNE2, IFIT1, CYP4F11, and FTL, for example, CEMIP and NR4A3; CEMIP, NR4A3, and ISG15; CEMIP, NR4A3, ISG15, and PCDH7; CEMIP, NR4A3, ISG15, PCDH7, and EGR1; CEMIP, NR4A3, ISG15, PCDH7, EGR1, and ASPM; CEMIP, NR4A3, ISG15, PCDH7, EGR1, ASPM, and DUSP2, etc. In an optional embodiment, the preparation method of the jellyfish extract comprises enzymatically hydrolyzing dehydrated and desalted whole jellyfish or a specific part of jellyfish, and obtaining the jellyfish extract by filtering the resulting enzymatic hydrolysate; wherein the enzymes used for the enzymatic hydrolysis comprise alkaline protease and pepsin. In an optional embodiment, the volume-to-mass ratio of liquid to solid in the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-10:1, optionally 6:1; The temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 30-70°C, for example, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, or 50°C, and optionally 50°C. The pH of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-9, optionally 6-8.5, for example, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, or 8.5. In an optional embodiment, the disease comprises a tumor, wherein the tumor can be a solid tumor, and can further be colorectal cancer, lung cancer, or prostate cancer. List of Abbreviations: LC: Lung adenocarcinoma; CTG cell viability assay reagent: CellTiter-Glo 3D Cell Viability Assay; PBMC: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; CRC: Colorectal cancer; III. EXAMPLES The present disclosure will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples. The description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure is provided for purposes of illustration and exemplification. These descriptions are not intended to limit the present disclosure to the precise forms disclosed, and it will be apparent that numerous modifications and variations may be made in light of the teachings of the specification of the present disclosure. The exemplary embodiments are selected and described for the purpose of explaining the specific principles of the present disclosure and the practical applications thereof, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to implement and utilize various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, as well as various alternatives and modifications thereof. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods. Unless otherwise specified, the materials, reagents, and the like used in the following examples are commercially available. Example 1 Preparation of Jellyfish Extract In this example, the bell of clean and non-decomposed moon jellyfish (Aurelia coerulea) without sediment or other impurities was used as the raw material. After washing, dehydration, desalination, and homogenization, three proteases were sequentially added, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis at 50°C for 8 hours, enzyme inactivation and sterilization at 100°C for 20 minutes, filtration, concentration, drying, and packaging, thereby preparing the finished jellyfish extract product, as shown in FIG. 1. The specific steps were as follows: 1.1 Collection of Live moon jellyfish Between June and July, moon jellyfish with a bell diameter of more than 25 cm were collected from coastal areas. The oral arms and nematocyst-bearing tissues beneath the bell of moon jellyfish were completely removed, and only the bell was retained as the raw material for preparing the jellyfish extract. 1.2 Washing of the Bell of moon jellyfish (Aurelia coerulea) The bell of moon jellyfish (Aurelia coerulea) was placed in a sterilized water tank and soaked in clean water for 30 minutes, wherein the ratio of clean water to the bell was 5:1. The impurities, sediment, and other contaminants were then removed by washing. The bell of moon jellyfish was collected and transferred into another sterilized water tank, and the above washing procedure was repeated multiple times until no sediment or attached impurities remained. 1.3 Dehydration and Desalination of the Bell of moon jellyfish After completion of washing, the bell of moon jellyfish was collected and cut into strips with a width of 5 cm. The strips were placed in a draining container for preliminary autolytic dehydration. When the weight was reduced to approximately 60% of the original weight, the strip-shaped bell portions were placed into gauze bags and pressed with heavy objects to further remove water. During the removal of water, a large amount of inorganic salts was discharged. When the weight was reduced to approximately 20% of the original weight, the heavy pressing equipment was removed, and the dehydrated bell of moon jellyfish (Aurelia coerulea) was washed with purified water. The ratio of the bell of moon jellyfish (Aurelia coerulea) to purified water was 3:1. After washing, the bell portions of moon jellyfish were packaged in portions of 50 kg each and stored in a cold storage facility at -20°C. 1.4 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of the Bell of moon jellyfish Using the degree of hydrolysis as the evaluation index, suitable enzymes for enzymatic hydrolysis were first screened from food additive enzymes. Single-factor experiments were then performed to preliminarily determine the enzyme dosage, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature, enzymatic hydrolysis time, pH value of the enzymatic hydrolysis system, and solid-to-liquid ratio. Subsequently, orthogonal experiments were performed to determine the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions. The bell of moon jellyfish was enzymatically hydrolyzed under the determined optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, and the optimized enzymatic hydrolysis procedure was as follows: One portion of the packaged bell of moon jellyfish (50 kg) was homogenized, and the homogenate was transferred into an enzymatic hydrolysis tank. Ultrapure water was added at a liquid-to-solid volume-to-mass ratio of 6:1. Alkaline protease (100 g, enzyme activity: 2 x 106 U / g) was added, and the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature was set at 50°C. The pH value of the enzymatic hydrolysis system was adjusted to 8.5 using 2 mol / L sodium hydroxide, and enzymatic hydrolysis was performed for 2 hours. Thereafter, the pH value of the enzymatic hydrolysis system was adjusted to 6.5 using 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid, and 200 g pepsin (enzyme activity: 2 x 105 U / g) was added for further enzymatic hydrolysis for 3 hours. After completion of the enzymatic hydrolysis, the pH value of the enzymatic hydrolysis system was adjusted to 6.0 using 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid, and the temperature was further increased to 100°C for enzyme inactivation and sterilization for 20 minutes. 1.5 Filtration of the Enzymatic Hydrolysate of the Bell of moon jellyfish After the temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysate of the bell of moon jellyfish (Aurelia coerulea) was reduced to below 60°C, the enzymatic hydrolysate was discharged from the enzymatic hydrolysis tank and cooled. After being cooled to room temperature, the enzymatic hydrolysate was subjected to filtration. The enzymatic hydrolysate was placed into a filter and filtered multiple times, and the supernatant was collected. 1.6 Concentration of the Enzymatic Hydrolysate of the Bell of moon jellyfish (Aurelia coerulea) The supernatant was transferred into an evaporator for concentration at an evaporation temperature of 75°C. The concentration was completed when the volume of the enzymatic hydrolysate was reduced to one-third of the original volume. 1.7 Lyophilization of the Enzymatic Hydrolysate of the Bell of moon jellyfish (Aurelia coerulea) The concentrated enzymatic hydrolysate was transferred into trays of a lyophilizer for lyophilization. After 48 hours, the product was removed to obtain a rice-white powdery jellyfish extract. 1.8 Packaging and Storage of the Jellyfish Extract The jellyfish extract was packaged in double-layer vacuum aluminum film bags in a sterile environment with constant temperature and humidity, and was subsequently stored in a warehouse. In addition, during the enzymatic hydrolysis step, after completion of the enzymatic hydrolysis by alkaline protease and pepsin and before enzyme inactivation by heating, flavor protease (200 g, enzyme activity: 3 x 105 U / g) could also be added for further enzymatic hydrolysis for 3 hours. Example 2 Inhibition of Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation Assay In this example, patient tissue-derived primary lung adenocarcinoma models were constructed using a photopolymerization-based biological 3D printing technology. The primary samples used included lung adenocarcinoma samples designated as LC-S T15 and LC-S T21. Docetaxel (Selleck, MW: 807.88) was used as a control to evaluate the ability of the jellyfish extract obtained in Example 1 to inhibit lung cancer cell proliferation in the models. 2.1 Cell Recovery and Construction of 3D Microtumors 1) The cryopreserved cells (LC-S T15 or LC-S T21) extracted from patient-derived lung adenocarcinoma (LC) surgical samples were removed from a liquid nitrogen tank and rapidly thawed in a 37°C water bath with gentle shaking until the contents in the cryovial were completely melted. The cells were then resuspended and diluted with 9 mL of LC complete medium, followed by centrifugation at 350 x g for 5 minutes. After removal of the supernatant, the cells were resuspended in LC complete medium and counted; 2) The cell suspension was mixed with the photopolymerizable bioink (Shanghai Yuju Technology Co., Ltd., YJP0101) at a volume ratio of 1:1, and the mixture was seeded into a 96-well plate at a density of 20,000 cells per well; 3) The mixture was cured using a high-throughput photopolymerization 3D printer (Cyberiad, Biocube-96), and the microscopic image of the cured construct was shown in FIG. 2. After curing using the high-throughput photopolymerization 3D printer, all printed constructs exhibited a regular cylindrical shape, and proliferation of LC cells in the bioink material was observed. The cured constructs were then cultured in a cell incubator (37°C, 5% CO2) for 24 hours. 2.2 Preparation of Stock Solution of the Test Drug 1) Preparation of the stock solution of the jellyfish extract: 300 mg of the jellyfish extract powder prepared in Example 1 was weighed and dissolved in a certain volume of LC complete medium to obtain a final concentration of 100 mg / mL. The solution was sterilized by filtration through a 0.22 um filter to obtain the stock solution of the jellyfish extract; 2) Preparation of the stock solution of docetaxel: 3 uL of a 100 mM docetaxel DMSO stock solution was added to 3 mL of LC complete medium. After pipetting, the mixture was sonicated for 10 minutes. The entire procedure was performed under sterile conditions. 2.3 Drug Treatment: 1) The experimental concentrations of the jellyfish extract in the test substance group were 100 mg / mL, 75 mg / mL, 50 mg / mL, 25 mg / mL, 12.5 mg / mL, 6.25 mg / mL, 3.13 mg / mL, 1.56 mg / mL, 0.78 mg / mL, and 0.39 mg / mL. The experimental concentrations of docetaxel in the positive control group were 100 ^M, 50 ^M, 25 ^M, 12.5 ^M, 6.25 ^M, 3.13 ^M, 1.56 ^M, 0.78 ^M, 0.39 ^M, and 0.20 uM. The drug stock solutions were serially diluted to the corresponding experimental concentrations, respectively; 2) After the 3D-printed LC cells had been stably cultured for 24 hours, the culture medium was replaced with medium containing the corresponding drug. Ten concentration gradients were set for each drug, and three replicate wells were set for each concentration. 2.4 Determination of Drug Efficacy: 1) After drug administration, the 96-well culture plates were placed in a cell incubator for culture. After the cells were incubated in the drug-containing medium for 48 hours or 72 hours, the CTG cell viability assay reagent (Promega G9683) was added. The plates were then shaken on a shaker at room temperature in the dark at 350 rpm for 30 minutes. After completion of incubation, 100 uL of the supernatant was transferred into a white opaque 96-well plate; 2) The luminescence values were measured using a microplate reader and compared with those of the untreated blank control, and the relative cell viability (%) was calculated. 2.5 Results: The curves showing changes in relative cell viability with increasing drug concentrations under the conditions of jellyfish extract-48 h, docetaxel-48 h, jellyfish extract-72 h, and docetaxel-72 h in the LC-S T21 experimental group were shown in FIG. 3. The curves showing changes in relative cell viability with increasing drug concentrations under the conditions of jellyfish extract-48 h, docetaxel-48 h, jellyfish extract-72 h, and docetaxel-72 h in the LC-S T15 experimental group were shown in FIG. 4. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the IC50 values for each experimental group were as follows: Sample ID Drug Name Treatment Duration IC50 (mg / ml or uM) LC-S T21 jellyfish extract 48h 3.55 docetaxel 23.71 jellyfish extract 72h 17.90 docetaxel 43.14 LC-S T15 jellyfish extract 48h 9.44 docetaxel 22.08 jellyfish extract 72h 13.52 docetaxel 15.49 Thus, it can be concluded that : ffl Within the 48-hour treatment period, the IC50 values of the experimental drug, the jellyfish extract, were both below 10 mg / mL in the two samples. The jellyfish extract exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the tested lung adenocarcinoma samples at concentrations greater than 12.5 mg / mL; @ Within the 72-hour treatment period, the IC50 values of the experimental drug, the jellyfish extract, increased slightly in both samples and were within the range of 10 mg / mL to 20 mg / mL. The jellyfish extract exhibited a marked inhibitory effect on the tested lung adenocarcinoma samples at concentrations greater than 25 mg / mL. Example 3 Drug Efficacy Assay in a Lung Cancer Microtumor Model In this example, surgical samples obtained from patients with lung cancer were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the jellyfish extract on lung cancer tissues. Docetaxel was used as a control. The immunomodulatory effect of the jellyfish extract was evaluated by analyzing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and malignant pleural effusion samples obtained from patients with lung cancer. The cell samples used included peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples PBMC-Hycells and PBMC-HB, and lung cancer malignant pleural effusion samples LC-PE T13 and LC-PE T14 (as shown in FIG. 9). 3.1 Regulatory Effect of Jellyfish Extract on the Functionality of Activated T Cells in PBMCs 3.1.1 PBMC Recovery and T Cell Activation 1) The cryopreserved PBMCs (PBMC-Hycells or PBMC-HB) extracted from patient-derived blood samples were removed from a liquid nitrogen tank and rapidly thawed in a 37°C water bath with gentle shaking until the contents in the cryovial were completely melted. The cells were resuspended and diluted with 9 mL of TC complete medium, followed by centrifugation at 400 x g for 10 minutes. After removal of the supernatant, the cells were resuspended in TC complete medium and counted; 2) The PBMCs were resuspended at a density of 1 x 106 cells / mL, and Anti-CD3 / CD28 T Cell Activation (STEMCELL, 10971) was added. The cells were evenly seeded into 10 cm dishes and cultured in a cell incubator (37°C, 5% CO2); 3) Every 2 to 3 days, the cells were collected and counted, then resuspended at a density of 1 x 106 cells / mL by adding fresh medium. After expansion, the cells were transferred into new 10 cm dishes for continued culture; 4) After 14 days of culture, T cell activation was completed, and all cells were collected and counted. 3.1.2 Preparation of the Stock Solution of the Jellyfish Extract and Drug Treatment 1) Preparation of the stock solution of the jellyfish extract: The jellyfish extract powder prepared in Example 1 was weighed and dissolved in a certain volume of TC complete medium to obtain a final concentration of 100 mg / mL. The solution was sterilized by filtration through a 0.22 pm filter to obtain the stock solution of the jellyfish extract; 2) The concentrations of the jellyfish extract in the test substance group were set at 50 mg / mL and 10 mg / mL. Two milliliters of each drug solution at twice the experimental concentration was prepared; 3) The activated PBMCs were resuspended in a 24-well plate at a density of 1.5 x 106 cells / mL. An equal volume of TC complete medium or the corresponding drug solution was added. One replicate well was set for the blank control group, and two replicate wells were set for the drug-treated groups. 3.1.3 Determination of Drug Efficacy : 1) After drug treatment, the 24-well culture plates were placed in a cell incubator for culture. After the cells were incubated in the drug-containing medium for 48 hours, the cells were collected for flow cytometry sample preparation. The preparation of flow cytometry samples was performed according to the procedures described in the antibody instructions; 2) The antibody expression levels of T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The blank control group, the 50 mg / mL jellyfish extract group, and the 10 mg / mL jellyfish extract group were compared to evaluate the regulatory effect of the jellyfish extract on the functionality of T cells in blood. The flow cytometry histograms of PBMC-Hycells and PBMC-HB were shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, respectively. The expression intensities of the respective epitopes were summarized as follows. It was observed that, within the 48-hour treatment period, the 50 mg / mL jellyfish extract exhibited a marked inhibitory effect on the PBMC samples, whereas this effect was not obvious at 10 mg / mL. At both concentrations, T cell activation was not significantly affected. (1) PBMC-Hycells PBMC-Hycells CD4 CD8 CD25 CD69 PD-1 IFN-Y GZMB Blank 54.60 37.15 3.09 23.53 16.11 77.66 1.16 Jellyfish 10mg / ml-1 51.07 32.76 11.99 18.44 20.59 78.90 3.84 Jellyfish 10mg / ml-2 54.55 35.09 10.68 19.72 23.18 78.73 3.96 Jellyfish 50mg / ml-1 10.44 22.74 0.17 17.26 58.57 5.21 14.66 Jellyfish 50mg / ml-5 15.87 26.07 0.15 14.26 57.49 7.75 11.89 (2) PBMC-HB PBMC-Hycells CD4 CD8 CD25 CD69 PD-1 IFN-Y GZMB Blank 65.63 9.22 12.64 36.84 47.84 9.54 19.87 Jellyfish 10mg / ml-1 54.77 8.10 6.87 31.57 52.91 13.49 15.46 Jellyfish 10mg / ml-2 52.05 9.80 8.73 23.91 52.36 5.79 16.91 Jellyfish 50mg / ml-1 54.11 11.08 2.82 31.08 57.90 10.49 9.79 Jellyfish 50mg / ml-5 53.85 10.12 4.38 30.18 58.76 11.24 9.61 3.2 Regulatory Effect of Jellyfish Extract on T Cell Functionality in Lung Cancer Malignant Pleural Effusion 3.2.1 Recovery of Lung Cancer Malignant Pleural Effusion Cells and Drug Treatment 1) The cryopreserved cells (LC-PE T13 and LC-PE T14) extracted from patient-derived lung cancer malignant pleural effusion samples were removed from a liquid nitrogen tank and rapidly thawed in a 37°C water bath with gentle shaking until the contents in the cryovials were completely melted. The cells were resuspended and diluted with 9 mL of TC complete medium, followed by centrifugation at 400 x g for 10 minutes. After removal of the supernatant, the cells were resuspended in TC complete medium and counted; 2) Preparation of the stock solution of the jellyfish extract: the jellyfish extract powder was weighed and dissolved in a certain volume of TC complete medium to obtain a final concentration of 100 mg / mL. The solution was sterilized by filtration through a 0.22 pm filter to obtain the stock solution of the jellyfish extract. 3) The experimental concentrations of the jellyfish extract in the test substance group were 50 mg / mL and 10 mg / mL. Two milliliters of each drug solution at twice the experimental concentration was prepared. 4) The lung cancer malignant pleural effusion cells were resuspended in a 24-well plate at a density of 1.5 x 106 cells / mL. An equal volume of TC complete medium or the corresponding test concentration of the drug solution was added. One replicate well was set for the blank control group, and two replicate wells were set for the drug-treated groups. 3.2.2 Determination of Drug Efficacy : 1) After drug treatment, the 24-well culture plates were placed in a cell incubator for culture. After the cells were incubated in the drug-containing medium for 48 hours, the cells were collected for flow cytometry sample preparation. The preparation of flow cytometry samples was performed according to the procedures described in the antibody instructions. 2) The antibody expression levels of T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The blank control group, the 50 mg / mL jellyfish extract group, and the 10 mg / mL jellyfish extract group were compared to evaluate the regulatory effect of the jellyfish extract on T cell functionality in lung cancer malignant pleural effusion. The flow cytometry histograms of LC-PE T13 and LC-PE T14 were shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, respectively. The expression intensities of the respective epitopes were summarized as follows. It was observed that, within the 48-hour treatment period, 50 mg / mL of the jellyfish extract exhibited a marked inhibitory effect on the lung cancer malignant pleural effusion samples (mainly composed of immune cells), whereas this effect was not obvious at 10 mg / mL. (1) LC-PE T13 LC-PE T13 CD4 CD8 CD25 CD69 PD-1 IFN-Y GZMB Blank 1.95 9.04 4.11 15.65 39.25 13.30 11.84 Jellyfish 10mg / ml-1 2.57 9.81 2.24 11.96 33.47 13.27 7.64 Jellyfish 10mg / ml-2 1.60 8.26 1.39 9.77 33.52 13.50 7.61 Jellyfish 50mg / ml-1 3.36 3.18 0.89 4.61 41.76 3.23 6.00 Jellyfish 50mg / ml-5 2.06 3.36 0.79 5.40 41.89 3.50 3.30 (2) LC-PE T14 LC-PE T14 CD4 CD8 CD25 CD69 PD-1 IFN-Y GZMB Blank 10.79 6.04 7.25 38.18 17.02 1.37 18.76 Jellyfish 10mg / ml-1 7.68 3.96 4.66 28.45 6.55 60.09 7.69 Jellyfish 10mg / ml-2 7.95 3.18 3.48 26.38 21.28 7.50 9.02 Jellyfish 50mg / ml-1 0.53 0.44 0.50 1.10 3.85 1.38 0.54 Jellyfish 50mg / ml-5 0.31 0.39 0.21 0.64 1.66 0.99 0.70 Example 4 Mouse Experiment Using an IBD (Colorectal Cancer-Associated Inflammation) Model In this example, an inflammatory mouse model induced by IBD was established. The anti-colorectal cancer effect of the jellyfish extract (JP) provided in Example 1 of the present disclosure was evaluated based on multiple indicators, including animal body weight, colon length, and organ damage. 4.1 The experimental procedures were as follows: 4.1.1 Cell Recovery (1) The cryopreserved B16F10 cells were removed from a liquid nitrogen tank and thawed in a 37°C water bath. Gentle shaking was applied as appropriate to accelerate the thawing process; (2) The cells were centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 3 minutes; (3) The supernatant was discarded, and the cells were gently pipetted with 1 mL of 1640 medium containing 10% serum until a uniform suspension was obtained. The cell suspension was transferred into a 6 cm culture dish, and the medium was supplemented to a total volume of 3 mL. The dish was gently shaken in a crosswise manner to evenly distribute the cells and then placed in a cell incubator (37°C, 5% COz) for culture. (4) After 24 hours, cell growth was observed under a microscope. When the cells reached an appropriate density, subsequent experiments, such as cell seeding and passaging, were performed. 4.1.2 Cell Passaging (1) The cells were removed from the incubator, and the old culture medium was aspirated. The cells were washed once with 1 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to remove residual culture medium, thereby preventing the culture medium from affecting the digestive activity of trypsin. (2) Subsequently, 1 mL of trypsin was added. After digestion, the cells became rounded and were detached from the bottom of the dish by gentle pipetting. (3) The digestion was terminated by adding 1 mL of complete culture medium. The cells were resuspended and transferred into a 15 mL centrifuge tube, followed by centrifugation at 1000 rpm for 3 minutes. (4) The supernatant was discarded. Under normal conditions, the cells were gently pipetted with 1 mL of RPMI 1640 medium until a uniform suspension was obtained. If adjustment of melanocyte color to gray or black was required, DMEM medium was used instead for melanocyte culture, and the melanocytes were gradually “adapted” to the new culture conditions. The cells were aliquoted according to the densities required for subsequent experiments, and the corresponding culture medium was added. After gentle shaking, the cells were placed in a cell incubator (37°C, 5% CO2) for static culture. 4.1.3 Detection of Cell Viability by the CCK-8 Assay Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) is a redox reaction indicator. In the presence of the electron carrier 1-Methoxy PMS, dehydrogenases in viable cells catalyze the reduction of the tetrazolium salt WST-8 to generate a formazan dye. The amount of formazan dye generated is linearly correlated with the number of viable cells. (1) A 100 uL cell suspension was seeded into each well of a 96-well plate and cultured in a cell incubator (37°C, 5% CO2). (2) When the cell density reached approximately 30%, 100 uL of the drug solutions at concentrations of 1 x 10s cells / mL, 1 x 109 cells / mL, and 1 x 1010 cells / mL (diluted with DMEM medium containing 5% serum) were added to each well, respectively. The cells were then cultured in the incubator for 48 hours. (3) The cells to be tested were collected, and CCK-8 reagent was directly added to the cell culture medium at 1 / 10 of the culture medium volume. The mixture was thoroughly mixed to ensure uniform coloration in each well while avoiding the generation of bubbles. For the 96-well plate, 10 uL of detection reagent was added to every 100 uL of culture medium. (4) The cells were further incubated in the cell incubator for approximately 40 minutes. (5) Before measurement using a microplate reader, the plate was placed on a shaker and shaken for approximately 1 minute to ensure uniform coloration of each well. (6) The absorbance value at 450 nm was measured using a microplate reader, and cell viability was calculated. Note: Six replicate wells were designed for each experimental group. 4.1.4 Establishment and Treatment of a Mouse CAC Model Colon cancer can be classified into two types: colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) and sporadic colorectal cancer. The former is primarily induced by inflammation, whereas the latter is associated with genetic factors. Currently, the mouse CAC model induced by the combination of azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) is the most widely used and exhibits good reproducibility among animal models for CAC research. In this study, this model was established to investigate the anti-colorectal cancer effect of jellyfish extracts. (1) Selection and grouping of experimental animals: Eight-week-old male C57BL / 6 mice weighing 20-22 g were selected. After recording the initial body weights, the mice were randomly divided into five groups (control group, model group, PTX (3 mg / kg) treatment group, low-concentration JP (37.5 mg / kg) treatment group, and high-concentration JP (75 mg / kg) treatment group), with six mice in each group, for establishment of the CAC model . (2) AOM and DSS induction of CAC development: The carcinogen AOM was dissolved in PBS to prepare a solution at a concentration of 200 ug / mL. On day 1 of modeling, mice except those in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with the AOM solution (10 mg / kg), while mice in the control group were injected with the corresponding volume of PBS. At weeks 2, 4, and 6 after model induction, DSS was dissolved in drinking water at a concentration of 2% and administered to the remaining four groups of mice except the control group. This procedure was used to mimic repeated episodes of colitis and persistent inflammation, thereby inducing CAC development. The control group mice were provided with normal drinking water. (3) Drug treatment: Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose was dissolved in 1x PBS at a concentration of 0.5% and used as the drug vehicle. Starting from the first day of modeling, the mice were orally gavaged with the corresponding drugs every day for 7 consecutive weeks. The treatment groups were as follows: the control group and model group received blank sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution; the PTX (3 mg / kg) treatment group received PTX solution at 0.6 mg / mL; the low-concentration JP (37.5 mg / kg) treatment group received JP solution at 7.5 mg / mL; and the high-concentration JP (75 mg / kg) treatment group received JP solution at 15 mg / mL. No treatment was administered to the mice during week 8 after completion of drug administration. (4) Collection of intestine and spleen: After completion of week 8, the body weights of the mice were measured, and the changes relative to the initial body weights were calculated. The intestine was collected using the same method described in Chapter 2. The spleens were isolated from other tissues, thoroughly washed with PBS, and adipose tissues were removed. The spleens were weighed and photographed for observation. (5) Colon processing: The colon was processed using the same method described in examples above. After the colon tissues were spread out, photographs were taken for observation. The number of tumors formed in the colon was counted, and the diameters of the tumors were measured. 4.1.5 Establishment and Drug Treatment of a Mouse UC Model (1) Selection and grouping of experimental animals: Eight-week-old male C57BL / 6 mice weighing 20-22 g were selected. After recording the initial body weights, the mice were randomly divided into five groups (control group, model group, 5-ASA (100 mg / kg) treatment group, low-concentration JP (37.5 mg / kg) treatment group, and high-concentration JP (75 mg / kg) treatment group), with three mice in each group, for establishment of the UC model. (2) DSS induction of UC development: Starting from the first day of modeling, DSS was dissolved in the drinking water of mice at a concentration of 3% and administered to the four groups of mice except the control group for 5 consecutive days to induce UC development. The control group mice were provided with normal drinking water. (3) Drug treatment: Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose was dissolved in 1x PBS at a concentration of 0.5% and used as the drug vehicle. Starting from the first day of modeling, the mice were orally gavaged with the corresponding drugs every day for 10 consecutive days. The treatment groups were as follows: the control group and model group received blank sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution; the 5-ASA (100 mg / kg) treatment group received 5-ASA solution at 20 mg / mL; the low-concentration JP (37.5 mg / kg) treatment group received JP solution at 7.5 mg / mL; and the high-concentration JP (75 mg / kg) treatment group received JP solution at 15 mg / mL. (4) Intestinal collection: After completion of model induction, i.e., on day 11, the body weights of the mice were measured. The mice were euthanized by cervical dislocation. The abdominal skin of the mice and the ophthalmic scissors and forceps were disinfected by spraying with ethanol. The abdominal skin and peritoneum were incised, and the colorectum was separated from other abdominal organs by transection at the upper end near the ileum and at the lower end near the anus. (5) Colon processing: The isolated colon was washed in pre-chilled PBS to remove the attached mesentery and adipose tissue, and the colon length was measured using a ruler. One blade of the ophthalmic scissors was inserted into the anus, and the colon was longitudinally opened from the anus upward and spread out. The colon was thoroughly washed with PBS to remove fecal residues and was used for preparation of paraffin sections or extraction of proteins and RNA. 4.1.6 Disease Activity Index (DAI) Scoring in Mice After completion of model induction, the fecal characteristics of the mice were observed, and the disease activity index (DAI) was scored based on three parameters, including the percentage of body weight loss, fecal consistency, and fecal bleeding. The detailed scoring criteria are shown in the following table. Score Percentage of Body Weight Loss (%) Fecal Consistency Fecal Bleeding 0 0 Normal Negative for occult blood 1 1-5 Moist feces that can be flattened Weakly positive for occult blood 2 6-10 Soft and sticky feces Positive for occult blood 3 11-15 Soft feces Blood around the anus with strongly positive occult blood 4 >15 Loose stool Visible blood around the anus and in feces Fecal occult blood was determined using the o-tolidine method. The detection procedure was as follows: 25 uL of o-tolidine solution was added to a 96-well plate, followed by addition of 25 uL of hydrogen peroxide solution into the same well. Mouse fecal samples were then collected and added into the wells, and the color change of the reagents was observed. The evaluation criteria were as follows: (1) Negative: No obvious color change was observed within 3 minutes. (2) Weakly positive: A blue-green color appeared within 1 minute. (3) Positive: A blue-green color appeared immediately. (4) Strongly positive: A dark blue color appeared immediately. 4.1.7 Western Blot Analysis (1) Tissue protein extraction: RIPA lysis buffer containing 1% protease inhibitor and 1% phosphatase inhibitor was prepared in advance. The prepared lysis buffer was added into 1.5 mL EP tubes and pre-cooled on ice. The isolated and spread colon tissues were added into the lysis buffer, minced on ice, and homogenized using a tissue homogenizer to achieve complete tissue lysis as much as possible. The lysates were centrifuged at 4°C and 12,000 rpm for 10 minutes to precipitate tissue debris. The supernatant was carefully collected and transferred into a new EP tube, while avoiding aspiration of precipitated debris and suspended adipose tissue. (2) Protein quantification: Protein concentrations were determined according to the instructions of the BCA protein assay kit. Based on the quantification results, the protein concentrations were normalized using RIPA lysis buffer. 5x Loading Buffer was added to achieve a final concentration of 1x, together with 1% p—mercaptoethanol. After vortex mixing, the samples were incubated in a 100°C metal bath for 10 minutes to denature the proteins. The protein samples were then briefly centrifuged and stored at -80°C until use for Western blot analysis. (3) Preparation of SDS-PAGE gels: The glass plates were thoroughly cleaned and soaked in ultrapure water. The plates were assembled by combining the long and short plates, fixed onto the gel casting stand, and clamped tightly. Water was added to check for leakage. After leakage testing, the water was removed, and the gel plates were inverted and placed on absorbent paper to remove residual moisture. The resolving gel was prepared according to the formulation, with 10% APS and TEMED serving as polymerization accelerators and being added last. The prepared resolving gel solution was poured into the gel plates, and anhydrous ethanol was added as an overlay. The gel was allowed to stand for 30-40 minutes. The completion of resolving gel polymerization was confirmed when a distinct interface appeared between the resolving gel and ethanol. The stacking gel was then prepared according to the formulation and added onto the gel plates. Appropriate combs were inserted, and the gel was allowed to polymerize for 20-30 minutes. (4) SDS-PAGE electrophoresis: The gel plates were fixed in the gel holder and clamped tightly. 1x Running Buffer was added until the short plate was completely submerged. The comb was carefully removed to avoid deformation of the wells. After the protein samples were thoroughly mixed by vortexing, an appropriate amount of each sample was loaded into the wells according to experimental requirements. Pre-stained protein markers were loaded into the wells on both sides. After sample loading, additional 1x Running Buffer was added to the gel holder, and the gel assembly was placed into the electrophoresis tank. Electrophoresis was performed at 60 V until the marker bands were completely separated, followed by adjustment of the voltage to 90 V. Electrophoresis was continued until the bromophenol blue dye front approached the bottom of the gel. (5) Transfer: 1x Transfer Buffer was prepared by mixing 10x Transfer Buffer, methanol, and ddHzO at a ratio of 1:2:7, and the buffer was pre-cooled in a refrigerator. The transfer cassette, sponge pads, and filter papers were sequentially soaked in 1x Transfer Buffer from bottom to top. After electrophoresis, the gel plates were removed, the gel was carefully separated, placed onto the filter paper, and air bubbles were removed. The NC membrane was placed onto the gel, and bubbles were gently removed using a scraper. Filter paper, sponge pads, and the transfer cassette were then sequentially assembled to form a sandwich structure. The assembly was placed into a transfer tank containing 1x Transfer Buffer. Protein transfer was performed at 100 V for 90 minutes under ice-bath conditions. (6) Blocking: After transfer, the NC membrane was removed from the transfer tank, rinsed with PBS, and incubated in 5% skim milk for blocking on a shaker for approximately 1 hour. (7) Primary antibody incubation: The blocking solution was washed away with PBS. According to the protein marker, the NC membrane was cut into strips of appropriate sizes and placed into antibody incubation boxes. The corresponding primary antibodies were added, and the membranes were incubated overnight at 4°C with shaking. (8) Secondary antibody incubation: The incubation boxes were equilibrated to room temperature for 10 minutes, and the primary antibody solution was collected. The membranes were washed three times with PBST (0.2% Tween-20) on a shaker, 5 minutes each time. After rinsing with PBS, the corresponding secondary antibodies were added, and the membranes were incubated for 1 hour on a shaker in the dark. The secondary antibody solution was then collected, and the membranes were washed three times with PBST (0.2% Tween-20), 5 minutes each time. (9) Membrane scanning: The NC membranes were scanned using an Odyssey imaging system, and the results were analyzed. 4.1.8 Preparation of Paraffin-Embedded Colon Tissue Sections (1) Colon tissue processing: The isolated and spread colon tissues were collected, and the distal colon, rectum, and anus were excised (approximately 2 cm upward from the anus) as tumor and adjacent normal tissues. The excised tissues were placed with the inner intestinal wall surface facing downward onto filter paper and transferred into a 6-well plate containing 4% paraformaldehyde. The tissues were fixed overnight at room temperature in the dark (approximately 24 hours). (2) Washing: After fixation, the tissues were removed using forceps and placed into plastic embedding cassettes. The cassettes were labeled with a pencil and rinsed under running water overnight until the fixative was completely removed (approximately 24 hours). (3) Dehydration, clearing, and paraffin infiltration: Step Reagent Duration Dehydration 75% Ethanol Overnight 85% Ethanol 2h 95% Ethanol 1.5h Absolute Ethanol 1h Clearing Xylene: Ethanol =1:1 45min Xylene I 30min Xylene II 30min Paraffin Infiltration Wax I 30min Wax II 2h Wax III Overnight (4) Embedding: The tissue was removed from the embedding cassette, the side of the Swiss roll was trimmed flat, and the tissue was placed into a metal embedding mold with the trimmed side facing down. Fresh molten paraffin was added, the embedding cassette was placed on top as a cover, and the cassette was placed on ice until the paraffin solidified. After standing overnight at room temperature, the metal embedding mold was removed, and the paraffin block was trimmed to an appropriate shape and size. The paraffin blocks may be stored long-term in a freezer at -20 °C. (5) Sectioning and flotation: The paraffin block was mounted on a microtome and faced, and the tissue was then cut into a continuous ribbon of sections having a thickness of 5 um. The ribbon was carefully transferred with a writing brush or forceps into a water bath at 42 °C for flotation. (6) Slide baking: After the sections had fully flattened, they were immediately picked up onto glass slides. Excess water was shaken off and wiped from the slides, and the slides were placed on a slide warmer at 42 °C until dry. The temperature was then adjusted to 62 °C and the slides were baked for 2 h, after which the slides were stored at room temperature. 4.1.9 Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) Staining (1) Deparaffinization: The tissue sections were sequentially immersed in xylene I and xylene II for 10 minutes each, followed by immersion in a xylene / ethanol mixture (1:1, v / v) for 5 minutes. (2) Rehydration: The tissue sections were sequentially immersed in absolute ethanol, 95% ethanol, and 85% ethanol for 3 minutes each. (3) Nuclear staining: The tissue sections were washed with distilled water, and excess water was removed. The sections were then immersed in a staining jar containing hematoxylin solution and stained for approximately 5 minutes (the specific staining time was adjusted according to the staining solution and tissue conditions). (4) Differentiation: The tissue sections were immersed in 1% hydrochloric acid ethanol solution (prepared with 75% ethanol) for approximately 5 seconds for differentiation. (5) Bluing: After differentiation, the sections were rinsed under running water for 30-60 minutes. During this process, the sections were observed under a microscope, and bluing was terminated when the nuclei appeared blue. (6) Dehydration and eosin staining: The tissue sections were sequentially immersed in 75% ethanol, 85% ethanol, and 95% ethanol for 3 minutes each, followed by eosin staining in a staining jar for 5-10 seconds. The sections were then further dehydrated in 95% ethanol and absolute ethanol for 2 minutes each. (7) Clearing: The tissue sections were sequentially immersed in xylene / ethanol mixture (1:1, v / v), xylene I, and xylene II for 5 minutes each. (8) Mounting: The sections were removed, and excess xylene was gently removed. An appropriate amount of neutral resin mounting medium was added onto the sections, while avoiding direct application onto the tissue area. A coverslip was carefully placed onto the slide at a 45° angle from one side to avoid bubble formation. After air drying, the sections were observed and photographed under a microscope. (9) Histological scoring: Images obtained from different fields of view were evaluated histologically based on three parameters, including reduction in the number of normal crypts, mucosal damage, and inflammatory cell infiltration. The detailed scoring criteria are shown in the following table. Score Percentage of Crypt Loss (%) Mucosal Damage Cell Infiltration 0 0 None None 1 1~10 - - 2 11~25 Mild damage, with slight ulceration and edema Slight infiltration in the mucosal layer and muscular layer 3 26~50 - - 4 >50 Severe damage, with extensive ulceration and edema, disorganized crypt arrangement, and thickening of the muscular layer Extensive infiltration in the mucosal layer and muscular layer 4.1.10 Immunofluorescence Staining (1) Deparaffinization: The tissue sections were deparaffinized according to the procedure described in the H&E staining protocol. (2) Rehydration: The tissue sections were rehydrated according to the procedure described in the H&E staining protocol. (3) Antigen retrieval: A histological staining box containing 200 mL of EDTA antigen retrieval solution was preheated in a 100°C water bath. After deparaffinization and rehydration, the tissue sections were placed into the staining box and subjected to antigen retrieval for 30 minutes. After completion, the staining box was removed and naturally cooled to room temperature. (4) The tissue sections were fixed onto spring clips and placed into a glass staining jar. PBST containing 0.2% Triton X-100 was added to completely immerse the tissues, and the sections were washed on a shaker three times, 3 minutes each time. (5) Blocking: Excess liquid on the tissue sections was removed, and a hydrophobic barrier was drawn around the tissues using a histochemical pen. Approximately 100 lL of 1% BSA blocking solution was added within the marked area to completely cover the tissues, followed by blocking at room temperature for 30 minutes. (6) Primary antibody incubation: The blocking solution was removed, and the corresponding primary antibodies diluted in 1% BSA were added within the marked area. The sections were placed in a humidified chamber and incubated overnight at 4°C. (7) The sections were equilibrated at room temperature for 5-10 minutes. The primary antibody solution was collected, and the sections were washed with PBST containing 0.2% Triton X-100 on a shaker three times, 3 minutes each time. (8) Secondary antibody incubation: Excess liquid on the tissue sections was removed, and the corresponding secondary antibodies diluted in PBS were added within the marked area. The sections were incubated at room temperature for 2 hours in the dark. (9) The secondary antibody solution was collected, and the sections were washed with PBST containing 0.2% Triton X-100 on a shaker three times, 3 minutes each time. (10) Nuclear staining: Excess liquid on the tissue sections was removed, and DAPI staining solution prepared in PBS was added within the marked area. The sections were incubated at room temperature for 5 minutes in the dark. (11) The DAPI staining solution was collected, and the sections were washed with PBST containing 0.2% Triton X-100 on a shaker three times, 3 minutes each time. (12) Mounting: Excess liquid on the tissue sections was removed, and an appropriate amount of anti-fluorescence quenching agent was added onto the sections, avoiding direct application onto the tissue area. A coverslip was carefully placed onto the slide at a 45° angle from one side to avoid bubble formation. After allowing the sections to stand for a period of time, the stained sections were observed and photographed using an upright fluorescence microscope. 4.1.11 Real-Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) Analysis (1) Tissue processing: The isolated and spread colon tissues were transferred into 1.5 mL EP tubes containing Trizol lysis reagent. The tissues were minced on ice and homogenized using a tissue homogenizer to achieve complete tissue lysis as much as possible. The homogenates were centrifuged at 4°C and 12,000 x g for 10 minutes to precipitate tissue debris. The supernatant was carefully collected and transferred into new EP tubes, while avoiding aspiration of the precipitated debris and suspended adipose tissue. (2) RNA extraction: Chloroform was added to the samples at a ratio of 100 lL chloroform per 500 liL Trizol lysis reagent. The samples were vigorously shaken for approximately 15 seconds (vortex mixing was avoided), incubated at room temperature for 3 minutes, and centrifuged at 4°C and 12,000 x g for 15 minutes. The upper aqueous phase was carefully transferred into new RNase-free EP tubes, avoiding contamination from the lower organic phase and the intermediate layer. An equal volume of isopropanol was added, mixed by gentle inversion, and incubated for 10 minutes, followed by centrifugation at 4°C and 12,000 x g for 10 minutes. The supernatant was discarded, and the RNA pellet was washed with 75% ethanol freshly prepared with DEPC-treated water. After gentle inversion mixing, the samples were centrifuged at 4°C and 7,500 x g for 10 minutes to precipitate the RNA. The supernatant was discarded, and the EP tubes were inverted on absorbent paper to remove residual liquid. After brief centrifugation, the remaining liquid was carefully removed using a pipette. The tube caps were opened, and the RNA pellets were air-dried for 10-15 minutes. An appropriate amount of DEPC-treated water was added, and the RNA was fully dissolved on ice for approximately 30 minutes. The RNA concentration and purity were determined using a NanoDrop instrument for subsequent experiments. 5        (3) Reverse transcription of RNA: RNA is susceptible to degradation; therefore, the extracted RNA was rapidly reverse transcribed into stable cDNA after extraction. RNA reverse transcription was performed according to the instructions of the reverse transcription kit. The specific reaction system and program are shown in the following table: Reagent Amount 2x SuperMix Buffer 10gi RNA lug DEPC Water Adjusted to a final volume of 20 uL Temperature Duration 25C 5min 42C 30min 85C 5min 12C w 10 After completion of reverse transcription, the cDNA concentration was determined using a NanoDrop instrument and diluted to 350 ng / uL with ddHzO. The cDNA samples were stored at —20°C, and the remaining RNA samples were stored at -80°C. (4) qPCR: cDNA was used as the template and mixed with SYBR Mix, primers, and ddHzO. Three technical replicates were prepared for each sample. After thorough mixing, 10 uL of the reaction mixture was added into each well of an eight- 15 tube strip for qPCR amplification and analysis. The qPCR reaction system and program are shown in the following table. Reagent Amount SYBR 6.25^1 ddH2O 4.75^1 Primer 0.5^1 cDNA Template lul Temperature Time 95°C 5min 95°C 30s 60°C 30s    - 40X 72°C 30s -J 4.1.12 Immunohistochemical Staining (1) Deparaffinization, rehydration, antigen retrieval, and other procedures were performed according to the protocol for immunofluorescence staining. (2) The skin tissue sections were treated with freshly prepared 3% hydrogen peroxide-methanol solution at room temperature for 10-20 minutes. The sections were then washed with PBST containing 0.2% Triton X-100 on a shaker three times, 3 minutes each time. (3) Excess liquid on the tissue sections was removed. A hydrophobic barrier was drawn around the tissue area to be treated using a histochemical pen. Approximately 100 uL of 1% BSA blocking solution was added within the marked area to completely cover the tissues, followed by blocking at room temperature for 30 minutes. (4) Primary antibody incubation: The blocking solution was removed, and the corresponding primary antibody diluted in 1% BSA was added within the marked area. The sections were placed in a humidified chamber and incubated overnight at 4°C. (5) The sections were equilibrated at room temperature for 5-10 minutes. The primary antibody solution was collected, and the sections were washed with PBST containing 0.2% Triton X-100 on a shaker three times, 3 minutes each time. (6) Secondary antibody incubation: Excess liquid on the tissue sections was removed, and the biotinylated secondary antibody was added within the marked area. The sections were incubated at room temperature for 20 minutes. (7) The secondary antibody solution was collected, and the sections were washed with PBST containing 0.2% Triton X-100 on a shaker three times, 3 minutes each time. (8) Excess liquid on the tissue sections was removed, and streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase (streptavidin-HRP) was added within the marked area. The sections were incubated at room temperature for 20 minutes in the dark. (9) The sections were washed with PBST containing 0.2% Triton X-100 on a shaker three times, 3 minutes each time. (10) The DAB chromogenic solution was prepared according to the instructions of the reagent kit under light-protected conditions. Excess liquid on the tissue sections was removed, and the DAB chromogenic solution was added within the marked area. The sections were incubated at room temperature in the dark for color development, and the staining intensity was monitored under a microscope (5-10 minutes). (11) After completion of color development, the sections were rinsed three times with water. (12) Subsequent procedures, including hematoxylin staining, were performed according to the steps described in the H&E staining protocol. 4.2 Experimental Results 4.2.1 Jellyfish extract alleviates body weight loss in IBD (colitis-associated colorectal cancer inflammation) mice As shown in Figure 10, jellyfish extract reversed the body weight loss induced by DSS in mice. 4.2.2 Jellyfish extract alleviates colon shortening in IBD (colitis-associated colorectal cancer inflammation) mice As shown in Figure 11, jellyfish extract reversed the colon shortening induced by DSS in mice. 4.2.3 Jellyfish extract alleviates splenic enlargement in IBD (colitis-associated colorectal cancer inflammation) mice As shown in Figure 12, jellyfish extract reversed the splenic enlargement induced by DSS in mice. 4.2.4 Jellyfish extract restores colorectal tissue structure in IBD (colitis-associated colorectal cancer inflammation) mice As shown in Figure 13, jellyfish extract restored the disruption of colon tissue structure induced by DSS in mice. 4.2.5 Jellyfish extract suppresses the expression of colorectal inflammatory factors in IBD (colitis-associated colorectal cancer inflammation) mice As shown in Figure 14, jellyfish extract downregulated the expression of colorectal inflammatory factors induced by DSS in mice. 4.2.6 Jellyfish extract inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells HCT116 The results are shown in Figure 15. 4.2.7 Jellyfish extract inhibits the migration of colorectal cancer cells HCT116 The results are shown in Figure 16. 4.2.8 Jellyfish extract reduces tumor numbers in CRC mice The results are shown in Figures 17 and 18. 4.2.9 Jellyfish extract alleviates body weight loss in CRC mice The results are shown in Figure 19. 4.2.10 Jellyfish extract reduces spleen weight in CRC mice The results are shown in Figure 20. Example 5 Pharmacodynamic Study of Jellyfish Extract in Inhibiting Colorectal Cancer Proliferation Using Microtumor Models In this example, patient-derived primary colorectal cancer microtissue models were constructed using a photocuringbased biological 3D printing technology, together with a colorectal cancer cell line-based 3D model established using the colorectal cancer cell line HCT116. Using these two models, the inhibitory effects of jellyfish extract on the proliferation of primary colorectal cancer tissues and HCT116 cells were investigated in depth. In addition, changes in cellular RNA expression profiles and cell cycle progression before and after treatment were compared to elucidate the mechanism by which jellyfish extract induces tumor cell killing. 5.1 Inhibitory Effect of Jellyfish Extract on Primary Human Colorectal Cancer Cells 5.1.1 Cell Recovery and 3D Microtumor Model Construction (1) The cryopreserved cells extracted from patient-derived colorectal cancer (CRC) surgical samples (CRC230511T1, CRC230601T1, or CRC221123T3) were removed from a liquid nitrogen tank and rapidly thawed in a 37°C water bath with gentle shaking until the contents in the cryovial was completely melted. The cells were resuspended and diluted with 9 mL of CRC complete medium, followed by centrifugation at 350 x g for 5 minutes. After removal of the supernatant, the cells were resuspended in CRC complete medium and counted. (2) The cell suspension was mixed with bioink (Shanghai Yuju Technology Co., Ltd., YJP0101) at a ratio of 1:1. The mixture was then seeded into a 96-well plate at a density of 20,000 cells per well. (3) The cell-containing bioink was crosslinked using a high-throughput photocuring 3D bioprinter (Cyberiad, Biocube-96), followed by incubation in a cell culture incubator (37°C, 5% COz) for 48 hours. 5.1.2 Preparation of Stock Solutions of the Test Drugs (1) Preparation of jellyfish extract stock solution: 300 mg of jellyfish extract powder prepared in Example 1 was weighed and dissolved in an appropriate volume of CRC complete medium to obtain a final concentration of 100 mg / mL. The solution was sterilized by filtration through a 0.22 gm filter to obtain the jellyfish extract stock solution. (2) Preparation of paclitaxel stock solution: 3 gL of a 100 mM paclitaxel DMSO stock solution was added into 3 mL of CRC complete medium. The mixture was pipetted thoroughly and sonicated for 10 minutes. The entire preparation process was performed under sterile conditions. 5.1.3 Drug Treatment : (1) The test concentrations of jellyfish extract in the test groups were 100 mg / mL, 50 mg / mL, 25 mg / mL, 12.5 mg / mL, 6.25 mg / mL, 3.13 mg / mL, and 1.56 mg / mL. The test concentrations of paclitaxel in the positive control group were 100 gM, 50 gM, 25 gM, 12.5 g M, 6.25 gM, 3.13 gM, and 1.56 gM. The corresponding stock solutions were serially diluted to the designated test concentrations. (2) After the 3D-printed CRC cells had been cultured and stabilized for 48 hours, the culture medium was replaced with medium containing the corresponding drugs. Seven concentration gradients were set for each drug, and four replicate wells were prepared for each concentration. 5.1.4 Drug Efficacy Evaluation: (1) After drug treatment, the 96-well culture plates were incubated in a cell culture incubator. After the cells were incubated in drug-containing medium for 48 hours, CTG cell viability assay reagent was added. The plates were shaken on a shaker at room temperature in the dark at 350 x g for 30 minutes. After incubation, 100 liL of supernatant was transferred into a white opaque 96-well plate. (2) The luminescence values were measured using a microplate reader and compared with those of the untreated blank control group to calculate the relative cell viability (%). In the CRC230511T1 experimental group, the curves showing changes in relative cell viability with increasing drug concentrations under the jellyfish extract-48 h and paclitaxel-48 h treatment conditions are shown in Figure 21. In the CRC230601T1 experimental group, the curves showing changes in relative cell viability with increasing drug concentrations under the jellyfish extract-48 h and paclitaxel-48 h treatment conditions are shown in Figure 22. In the CRC221123T3 experimental group, the curves showing changes in relative cell viability with increasing drug concentrations under the jellyfish extract-48 h and paclitaxel-48 h treatment conditions are shown in Figure 23. As shown in Figures 21-23, the IC50 values of each experimental group were obtained as follows: Sample ID Drug Treatment Time Drug Name IC50 (mg / ml) Drug Name 1C50 (lM CRC230511T1 48h jellyfish extract 18.89 Paclitaxel >100 CRC230601T1 48h jellyfish extract 10.06 Paclitaxel 22.77 CRC221123T3 48h jellyfish extract 16 Paclitaxel >100 It can therefore be concluded that, within the 48-hour treatment period, jellyfish extract exhibited a favorable dose- response relationship in primary 3D-printed colorectal cancer surgical sample models. In all three tested samples, the jellyfish extract treatment groups with concentrations >12.5 mg / mL showed significant inhibitory effects on the tested colorectal cancer samples, with IC50 values ranging from 10 to 20 mg / mL. 5.2 Effect of Jellyfish extract on the Proliferation of HCT116 Cells 5.2.1 HCT116 Cell Recovery and 3D Model Construction (1) Cryopreserved HCT116 cells were removed from a liquid nitrogen tank and rapidly thawed in a 37°C water bath with gentle shaking until the contents in the cryovial was completely melted. The cells were resuspended and diluted with 9 mL of DMEM medium, followed by centrifugation at 200 x g for 5 minutes. After removal of the supernatant, the cells were resuspended in complete medium and evenly seeded into 10 cm culture dishes. The cells were then cultured in a cell culture incubator (37°C, 5% COz). The composition of the complete medium was DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% P / S. (2) The culture medium was replaced daily, and cell density was monitored. When the cells reached full confluence in the 10 cm culture dishes, the cells were collected and resuspended at a density of 5 x 106 cells / mL. (3) The cell suspension was mixed with bioink at a ratio of 1:1, and the mixture was seeded into a 96-well plate at a density of 5,000 cells per well. (4) The cell-containing bioink was crosslinked using a high-throughput photocuring 3D bioprinter, followed by incubation in a cell culture incubator (37°C, 5% COz) for 48 hours. 5.2.2 Preparation of Test Drug Stock Solutions (1) Preparation of jellyfish extract stock solution: 300 mg of jellyfish extract powder was weighed and dissolved in an appropriate volume of complete medium to obtain a final concentration of 100 mg / mL. The solution was sterilized by filtration through a 0.22 lm filter to obtain the jellyfish extract stock solution. (2) Preparation of paclitaxel stock solution: 3 lL of a 100 mM paclitaxel DMSO stock solution was added to 3 mL of complete medium. The mixture was mixed thoroughly by pipetting and sonicated for 10 minutes. The entire preparation procedure was performed under sterile conditions. 5.2.3 Drug Treatment : (1) The test concentrations of jellyfish extract in the test groups were 100 mg / mL, 50 mg / mL, 25 mg / mL, 12.5 mg / mL, 6.25 mg / mL, 3.13 mg / mL, and 1.56 mg / mL. The test concentrations of paclitaxel in the positive control group were 100 ^M, 50 gM, 25 gM, 12.5 gM, 6.25 gM, 3.13 gM, and 1.56 uM. The corresponding drug stock solutions were serially diluted to the designated test concentrations. (2) After the 3D-printed HCT116 cells had been cultured and stabilized for 48 hours, the culture medium was replaced with medium containing the corresponding drugs. Seven concentration gradients were established for each drug, and three replicate wells were prepared for each concentration. 5.2.4 Drug Efficacy Evaluation : (1) After drug treatment, the 96-well culture plates were incubated in a cell culture incubator. Following incubation in drug-containing medium for 48 hours, the CTG cell viability assay reagent was added. The plates were shaken on a plate shaker at room temperature in the dark at 350 x g for 30 minutes. After incubation, 100 uL of the supernatant from each well was transferred to a white opaque 96-well plate. (2) Luminescence was measured using a microplate reader. The luminescence values were compared with those of the untreated blank control group, and the relative cell viability (%) was calculated. In the HCT116 experimental group, the dose-response curves showing changes in relative cell viability with increasing drug concentrations under the jellyfish extract-48 h and paclitaxel-48 h treatment conditions are shown in Figure 24. Based on the results shown in Figure 24, the IC50 values for the HCT116 experimental group were determined as follows: Sample ID Drug Treatment Time Drug Name IC50 (mg / ml) Drug Name IC50 (uM) HCT116 48h jellyfish extract 27.81 paclitaxel <1.56 The results demonstrate that, within the 48-hour treatment period, jellyfish extract exhibited a favorable dose-response relationship in the 3D-printed HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line model. Significant inhibitory effects on the tested colorectal cancer samples were observed at jellyfish extract concentrations of >25 mg / mL, with an IC50 value of 27.81 mg / mL. 5.3 Mechanism of Tumor Cell Killing by Jellyfish Extract 5.3.1 HCT116 Cell Recovery and 3D Microtumor Model Construction (1) Cryopreserved HCT116 cells were removed from a liquid nitrogen tank and rapidly thawed in a 37°C water bath with gentle shaking until the contents in the cryovial was completely melted. The cells were resuspended and diluted with 9 mL of DMEM medium, followed by centrifugation at 200 x g for 5 minutes. After removal of the supernatant, the cells were resuspended in complete medium and evenly seeded into 10 cm culture dishes, followed by incubation in a cell culture incubator (37°C, 5% COz). The composition of the complete medium was DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% P / S. (2) The culture medium was replaced daily, and cell density was monitored. When the cells reached full confluence in the 10 cm culture dishes, the cells were collected and resuspended at a density of 5 x 106 cells / mL. (3) The cell suspension was mixed with bioink at a ratio of 1:1, and the mixture was seeded into a 24-well plate at a density of 50,000 cells per well. (4) The cell-containing bioink was crosslinked using a photocuring biological 3D bioprinter (550A), and the constructs were then cultured in a cell culture incubator (37°C, 5% COz) for 48 hours. 5.3.2 Preparation of Jellyfish Extract Stock Solution and Drug Treatment (5) Preparation of jellyfish extract stock solution: Jellyfish extract powder was weighed and dissolved in an appropriate volume of complete medium to obtain a final concentration of 30 mg / mL, followed by sterilization through a 0.22 um filter. (6) After the 3D-printed HCT116 cells had been cultured and stabilized for 48 hours, the culture medium was replaced with medium containing the corresponding drug. The blank control group was replaced with fresh complete medium. 5.3.3 Mechanistic Analysis of the Antitumor Effects of Jellyfish Extract: (1) After drug treatment, the 24-well culture plates were incubated in a cell culture incubator. Following incubation in drug-containing medium for 48 hours, the cells were collected for RNA-seq analysis and cell cycle analysis. (2) The cell cycle distribution of HCT116 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Sample preparation for flow cytometry was performed according to the instructions of the cell cycle detection kit. (3) Based on the results of flow cytometry and RNA analysis, the blank control group and the 30 mg / mL jellyfish extract treatment group were compared, and the tumor cell-killing mechanism of jellyfish extract was summarized. 5.3.4 Experimental Results : 5.3.4.1 Results of RNA Analysis (1) After treatment of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells with jellyfish extract (30 mg / mL), 74 significantly upregulated genes and 128 significantly downregulated genes were identified (padj < 0.05, |logzFC| > 1), as shown in Figure 25. (2) Following treatment of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells with jellyfish extract (30 mg / mL), the significantly upregulated genes included CYP4F1 and GCNT3, while the significantly downregulated genes included CEMIP, NR4A3, and EGR1, as shown in Figure 26. (3) Analysis of the TCGA colon cancer database revealed that genes significantly downregulated after jellyfish extract treatment, including CEMIP, EGR1, and SACS, were associated with poor patient prognosis. Therefore, jellyfish extract may have potential clinical benefits for the treatment of colon cancer, as shown in Figure 27. (4) The significantly enriched GO and DO pathways following jellyfish extract treatment included receptor binding, response to virus, aging, female reproductive system diseases, and benign hyperplasia, as shown in Figures 28 and 29. (5) The significantly enriched Reactome pathways following jellyfish extract treatment included DNA repair, as shown in Figure 30. (6) The significantly enriched KEGG pathways following jellyfish extract treatment included viral carcinogenesis, as shown in Figure 31. (7) The results of cell cycle analysis are shown in the following table and Figure 32 : Sample ID G0 / G1 S G2 / M HCT116-Ctrl 39.1% 10.8% 50.1% HCT116- jellyfish extract 50.5% 10% 39.5% In addition, it has been verified that the jellyfish extract provided in the present disclosure exhibits similar therapeutic or preventive effects against prostate cancer. Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are provided merely to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope thereof. Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that modifications may still be made to the technical solutions described in the embodiments, or equivalent substitutions may be made for some or all of the technical features thereof. Such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the scope of the technical solutions disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

Claims

1 , Use of a jellyfish extract in the preparation of a product for treating or preventing a tumor; optionally, the tumor comprises a solid tumor.2, The use according to claim 1, wherein the jellyfish is selected from jellyfish of the Order Semaeostomeae, optionally at least one selected from jellyfish of the Family Cyaneidae, the Family Pelagiidae, and the Family Ulmaridae.3, The use according to claim 1, wherein the jellyfish is at least one selected from lion's mane jellyfish (Cyanea capillata), brown jellyfish (Cyanea ferruginea), white jellyfish (Cyanea nozakii), purple jellyfish (Cyanea purpurea), golden jellyfish (Chrysaora helvola), luminous jellyfish (Pelagia noctiluca), Malayan Sander's jellyfish (Sanderia malayensis), and moon jellyfish (Aurelia coerulea).4, The use according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the jellyfish is moon jellyfish (Aurelia coerulea), or wherein the jellyfish comprises moon jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) and at least one other jellyfish selected from jellyfish of the Order Semaeostomeae.5, The use according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the jellyfish extract is at least derived from the bell of the jellyfish.6,The use according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the preparation method of the jellyfish extract comprises subjecting a whole jellyfish or a specific part of the jellyfish after dehydration and desalination to enzymatic hydrolysis, and obtaining the jellyfish extract after filtering the obtained enzymatic hydrolysate;the enzyme used for the enzymatic hydrolysis comprises alkaline protease and pepsin.7,The use according to claim 6, wherein the volume-to-mass ratio of liquid to solid in the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-10:1, optionally 6:1;optionally, the temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 30-70°C, preferably 50°C;optionally, the pH of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-9, preferably 6-8.5.8,The use according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the jellyfish is clean and free of attachments;optionally, after obtaining the jellyfish extract by filtration, the method further comprises a shaping step of the jellyfish extract.9,The use according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the dosage form of the jellyfish extract comprises a powder, a granule, or a liquid.10,The use according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the dosage form of the product for treating or preventing a tumor comprises an oral formulation.11,The use according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein the tumor comprises advanced-stage or terminal-stage intestinal cancer, lung cancer, or prostate cancer.12' A preparation method of a jellyfish extract for treating or preventing a tumor, comprising subjecting a whole jellyfish or a specific part of the jellyfish after dehydration and desalination to enzymatic hydrolysis, and obtaining the jellyfish extract after filtering the obtained enzymatic hydrolysate;wherein the enzyme used for the enzymatic hydrolysis comprises alkaline protease and pepsin;optionally, the tumor comprises a solid tumor.13'The preparation method according to claim 12, wherein the volume-to-mass ratio of liquid to solid in the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-10:1, optionally 6:1;the temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 30-70°C, optionally 50°C;the pH of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-9, optionally 6-8.5.14'The preparation method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the jellyfish is clean and free of attachments;optionally, after obtaining the jellyfish extract by filtration, the method further comprises a shaping step of the jellyfish extract.15'The preparation method according to any one of claims 12-14, wherein the dosage form of the jellyfish extract comprises a powder, a granule, or a liquid.16'A jellyfish extract obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 12-15.17'A drug for treating or preventing a tumor, comprising a jellyfish extract, optionally, the tumor comprises a solid tumor;wherein the preparation method of the jellyfish extract comprises subjecting a whole jellyfish or a specific part of the jellyfish after dehydration and desalination to enzymatic hydrolysis, and obtaining the jellyfish extract after filtering the obtained enzymatic hydrolysate;the enzyme used for the enzymatic hydrolysis comprises alkaline protease and pepsin.18'The drug according to claim 17, wherein the volume-to-mass ratio of liquid to solid in the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-10:1, optionally 6:1;the temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 30-70°C, optionally 50°C;the pH of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-9, optionally 6-8.5.19'The drug according to claim 17, wherein the dosage form of the drug comprises an oral formulation.20'Use of a jellyfish extract in the preparation of a drug for treating diseases associated with overexpression of gene A or low expression of gene B, wherein the gene A is selected from one or a combination of CYP4F11, FTL, HMOX1, GCLC, TXNRD1, GCNT3, and CYP4F3, and the gene B is selected from one or a combination of CEMIP, NR4A3, ISG15, PCDH7, EGR1, ASPM, DUSP2, PRR11, EGR2, SACS, PTPN14, SYNE2, IFIT1, CYP4F11, and FTL.21'The use according to claim 20, wherein the preparation method of the jellyfish extract comprises subjecting a whole jellyfish or a specific part of the jellyfish after dehydration and desalination to enzymatic hydrolysis, and obtaining the jellyfish extract after filtering the obtained enzymatic hydrolysate;the enzyme used for the enzymatic hydrolysis comprises alkaline protease and pepsin.22' The use according to claim 21, wherein the volume-to-mass ratio of liquid to solid in the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-10:1, optionally 6:1;the temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 30-70°C, optionally 50°C;the pH of the enzymatic hydrolysis step is 5-9, optionally 6-8.5.523'The use according to claim 20, wherein the disease comprises a tumor, wherein the tumor can be a solid tumor, and furthermore can be an intestinal cancer.

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