System and method for fire detection and prevention

Abstract

A system for fire detection and prevention including a frame, an inlet connected to the frame and connectable to a water supply and a plurality of spray nozzles located on the frame. Each of the spray nozzles is in fluid communication with the inlet and configured to spray water received from the water supply outwards in a substantially upwardly direction and one or more of the plurality of the spray nozzles includes a deflector plate secured thereto, to at least partially obstruct water flow and direct the water being sprayed from respective spray nozzles into a pre-determined direction. The system also includes at least one sensing element located on the frame configured to detect a fire risk associated with one or more components of a stationary vehicle located over the frame. The sensing element is controlled by a control system configured to allow water to flow from the water supply to the plurality of spray nozzles in response to the at least one sensing element detecting a fire risk.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to a system and method for fire detection and prevention. More specifically the invention relates to a system and method for fire detection and prevention in relation to an electric vehicle battery. Even more specifically the invention relates to a system and method for detecting signs that a fire may occur / is occurring and preventing and / or extinguishing the fire and / or containing the fire to the subject vehicle parked over the system thereby preventing fire spread to adjacent vehicles. BACKGROUND It is well-known and documented that the everyday use of electric vehicles is on an upwards curve, with road users and vehicle manufacturers looking at alternatives to gasoline powered (combustion engine) type vehicles. Various factors have been cited for this increase in the uptake of electric vehicles, for example, tax incentives, reduction of tailpipe emissions, maintenance / running costs, and the like. Further, in recent times, the retail cost of electric vehicles has decreased rapidly, due to the vehicles becoming more readily available, making it more accessible to the general public. With this increase in ownership and use of electric vehicles, however, there is also an increase in the risk for battery fires in these vehicles. Battery fires are one of the main concerns of fully electric vehicles and factors which lead to such battery fires are difficult to manage and monitor. For example, the main factors / reasons for battery fires in electric vehicles include: overheating of the battery (or components thereof); external or internal short circuits; and / or the rupturing of battery cells due to high-pressure levels (due to physical impact on the battery or vehicle). In general, battery fires within electric vehicles pose many challenges to firefighters hoping to contain such fires, particularly when the vehicles are located within a building or public parking area. One significant challenge, for example, facing such firefighters is the delivery of a fire-fighting medium directly to the heat source. In most cases, the 2 batteries of an electric vehicle are located at the underside of the vehicle and, therefore, delivery of water onto the vehicle by way of traditional overhead fixed sprinkler systems or fire-fighting hoses has been shown to be of reduced efficacy. Furthermore, battery fires also pose hazards to firefighters in that these types of fires are known to cause jet-like directional flames and offgassing of combustible vapours. Jet-like directional flames are, as the name suggests, jet-like flames that protrude sideways from underneath the vehicle in which the battery is located. Jet-like directional flames are a well-documented characteristic of electric vehicle battery fires. In general, these jet-like flames pose a hazard to personnel (due to its spontaneous nature), adjacent vehicles, and building elements, as the flames may have an impact on the structural integrity of such elements. Additionally, as mentioned above, electric vehicle battery fires release combustible gasses which may either spontaneously ignite, which may cause a vapour cloud explosion or, where gas does not ignite, it may pose a risk of vapour cloud explosion at a later stage due to external, atmospheric conditions. The most effective method to prevent and / or control fires caused by electric batteries is to cool the batteries down and shower the batteries with water. The water not only helps cool the fire, but it also helps to dissolve the harmful, combustible gasses that may be released by the batteries. As discussed above, currently, most electric vehicle fires are fought I prevented by means of traditional overhead sprinkler systems (to allow for cooling of the battery and the surrounds) and fire hoses (and attachments, such as portable spray nozzles), which may be used to try and apply water directly to the burning battery. However, these methods have been proven to be inefficient and I or dangerous. For example, traditional sprinkler systems are rarely able to apply water directly to the battery and therefore have a limited impact on controlling battery fires. Using fire hoses for prevention and mitigation of the effects of battery fires are effective, however, this method poses a large risk to the operator of the fire hose, as the operator needs to 3 gain access to the underside of the vehicle to directly apply water to the battery. In some cases, especially where jet-like directional flames are present, it is a high-risk and near impossible task. Accordingly, the Applicant considers there to be room for improvement. The preceding discussion of the background to the invention is intended only to facilitate an understanding of the present invention. Any references to methods, apparatus or documents of the prior art are not to be taken as constituting any evidence or admission that they formed, or form part of the common general knowledge in the art as at the priority date of the application. Furthermore, although the preceding discussion relates to fires in batteries of electric vehicles, it will be appreciated that the same methods are currently in place to prevent and I or mitigate fires in vehicles with traditional combustion engines. In these cases, the same shortcomings with these existing methods may still be prevalent. SUMMARY OF INVENTION In accordance with an aspect of the invention there is provided a system for fire detection and prevention comprising: an inlet connectable to a water supply; a frame; a plurality of spray nozzles located on the frame, wherein each of the spray nozzles is in fluid communication with the inlet and configured to spray water received from the water supply outwards in a substantially upwardly direction and one or more of the plurality of the spray nozzles includes a deflector plate secured thereto, to at least partially obstruct water flow and direct the water being sprayed from respective spray nozzles into a pre-determined direction; and at least one sensing element located on the frame configured to detect a fire risk associated with one or more components of a stationary vehicle, wherein the at least one sensing element is controlled by a control system configured to allow water to flow from the water supply to the plurality of spray nozzles in response to the at least one sensing element detecting a fire risk. In accordance with an aspect of the invention there is provided a system for fire detection and prevention comprising: an outlet system including an inlet connectable to a water supply system in fluid communication with a fixed water supply system; and at least one sensing element configured to detect a fire risk associated with one or more components of a stationary vehicle, wherein the outlet system includes a plurality of spray nozzles defined therein, each of the spray nozzles being in fluid communication with the inlet and configured to spray water outwards in a substantially upwardly direction, and wherein the at least one sensing element is connectable to a control system configured to, in response to the at least one sensing element detecting a fire risk, allow water to flow from the water supply system to the plurality of spray nozzles. The water supply may include a water supply system and a fixed water supply system. The water supply system includes one or more power-actuated supply valves, and each of the one or more power-actuated supply valves are operable between a closed configuration, in which water flow is restricted, and an open configuration, in which water flow is permitted. The control system is configured to control the water supply system to direct water to flow to the plurality of spray nozzles, by causing actuation of the one or more power-actuated supply valves from the closed configuration to the open configuration. The one or more sensing elements is configured to capture data associated with the stationary vehicle. The captured data may be associated with components of the vehicle and indicative of properties associated with fire or overheating of batteries. The control system may include a processor and be configured to read the data captured by the one or more sensing elements and process the data to determine if a fire risk exists. The fixed water supply system is a permanent, fixed water supply system associated with a mains water source. The fire detection and prevention system may be a retrofit system installed into an existing parking bay. In some embodiments, the fire detection and prevention system may be an insitu system installed in a parking bay for an electric vehicle during construction of a building. In some embodiments, the water supply system includes a manual call point or three position selector switch to enable manual activation of the water supply system to direct water to flow to the plurality of spray nozzles. Each of the plurality of spray nozzles include a plurality of orifices defined in a frame of the outlet system and each of the spray nozzles may be covered with a dust cap to prevent the ingress of foreign debris into the spray orifices. The dust cap may be configured to be ejected from the spray nozzle when water is directed and sprayed from the spray nozzle. The frame comprises a platform configured to be placed on a flat surface for a vehicle to be positioned over. One or more of the spray nozzles may have a deflector plate secured thereto, to at least partially obstruct water flow and direct the water being sprayed from respective spray nozzles into a pre-determined direction. Spray nozzles located at, along or adjacent outer sides of the outlet system may have a deflector plate with a 70-degree tapered edge relative to an outlet of the relevant spray nozzle. Spray nozzles of at least the inner located (or located along a central longitudinal axis of the frame) spray nozzles may have a deflector plate with a 60-degree tapered edge relative to an outlet of the relevant spray nozzle. Each of the spray nozzles located at the outer sides of the outlet system may be asymmetric spray nozzles in that the orifices of the spray nozzles are non-evenly spaced. Each of the spray nozzles located at a centre of the outlet system may be symmetric spray nozzles and the orifices of the spray nozzles are evenly spaced 6 around a circumference or periphery of the spray nozzle outlet. In accordance with a further aspect of the invention there is provided a method for controlling a system for fire detection and prevention, the method being conducted by a controller circuit and comprising the steps of: monitoring an output from one or more sensing elements, the output indicating if a fire risk exists; processing the output of the one or more sensing elements to determine if a fire risk exists; and in response to determining that a fire risk exists, causing activation of at least one power-actuated supply valve associated with a water supply system of the fire detection and prevention system, wherein causing activation of the at least one power-actuated supply valve includes causing the supply valve to actuate from a closed configuration to an open configuration so as to allow flow of water from a fixed water supply system to a plurality of spray nozzles provided in a water outlet system over which a vehicle is, at least temporarily, parked, and wherein each of the plurality of spray nozzles are configured to spray water outwardly, in a substantially upwards direction, towards an underside of the vehicle. In accordance with an aspect of the invention there is provided an outlet apparatus for use in a fire detection and prevention system comprising: a frame having a plurality of spray nozzles defined therein; and an inlet for connecting the frame to a water supply system in fluid communication with a fixed water supply system, wherein each of the spray nozzles are defined in an upward facing surface of the frame and configured to, in use, spray water outwards, in an upward direction, towards an undercarriage of a vehicle parked over the outlet system. The outlet apparatus may be configured to be fixed to a permanent surface on which the vehicle may be parked. The outlet apparatus may be dimensioned to fit between the span of opposing wheels of the vehicle. The outlet apparatus may include a cover plate configured to at least cover the frame. 7 The cover plate may include a plurality of apertures therein and each aperture may have a corresponding spray nozzle associated therewith, so as to prevent the cover plate from blocking the outward spray of water from the spray nozzles when in use. A method for controlling a system for fire detection and prevention, the method being conducted by a controller circuit and comprising the steps of: monitoring an output from one or more sensing elements, the output indicating if a fire risk exists; processing the output of the one or more sensing elements to determine if a fire risk exists; and in response to determining that a fire risk exists, activating water flow from a water supply to a system for fire detection and prevention, wherein the water flows to a plurality of spray nozzles provided in a frame of the system for fire detection and prevention over which a vehicle is, at least temporarily, parked, and wherein each of the plurality of spray nozzles are configured to spray water outwardly, in a substantially upwards direction, towards an underside of the vehicle. An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Preferred features, embodiments and variations of the invention may be discerned from the following Detailed Description which provides sufficient information forthose skilled in the art to perform the invention. The Detailed Description is not to be regarded as limiting the scope of the preceding Summary of the Invention in any way. The Detailed Description will make reference to a number of drawings as follows: Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a first example embodiment of a fire detection and prevention system according to aspects of the present disclosure; 8 Figures 2A to 2E show schematic diagrams of a water outlet system of the fire detection and prevention system of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a second example embodiment of a fire detection and prevention system according to aspects of the present disclosure; Figure 4A to 4E show schematic diagrams of a water outlet system of the fire detection and prevention system of Figure 3; Figure 5 is a flow diagram of an example method carried out by a control circuit of the fire detection and prevention system according to aspects of the present disclosure; Figure 6 is a high-level component diagram of the control circuit of Figure 5; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing an example embodiment of a network of firefighting systems according to aspects of the present disclosure; Figure 8 is an illustration of an embodiment of a spigot assembly for connecting to the frame; Figure 9 is an illustration of an embodiment of a spigot assembly for connecting to the wall and a water supply; Figure 10 is an illustration of an embodiment of a deflector plate; and Figure 11 is an illustration of another embodiment of a deflector plate; and Figure 12 is an illustration of a linear heat detection sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The disclosure provides a system and method for detecting signs that a fire may occur or is occurring in a battery of an electric vehicle and preventing and / or at least controlling the fire to limit or prevent fire spread. In particular, the system and method 9 disclosed herein relates to a prefabricated, fixed fire detection and prevention system configured to be permanently installed into a parking bay (from construction of the parking bay or retrofitted to the parking bay) and fluidly connected with a permanent (or semi-permanent) water supply. As discussed in more detail below, the system may be comprised of a plurality of subsystems including an outlet system, a water supply system and a control system. The outlet system may be configured to fit under a vehicle (such as a parked vehicle) and house one or more nozzles (of the water supply system) for spraying water outwards in a substantially upwards direction towards the vehicle and, in some embodiments, onto / against the vehicle. The one or more nozzles may also be configured to spray water in one or more of (i) substantially upwardly / axially, (ii) substantially horizontally / perpendicularly, and / or (iii) in a conical spray pattern. The one or more nozzles may be in fluid communication with a water supply via at least one frame member of the outlet system. The water supply system may therefore be configured to allow the transport of water from a water source I supply point to the nozzles where the water may be egressed (sprayed) from the nozzles as and when needed. The water supply system may be configured to be manually controlled (activated / deactivated), automatically controlled (activated / deactivated) or a combination of either manual or automatic. For example, in some embodiments, the water supply system may be in electrical communication with the control system. The control system may be configured to detect a potential fire based on data obtained from a sensor I camera (either by monitoring the sensor I camera or receiving a data output from the sensor I camera) installed in proximity to the outlet system when a vehicle is at least partially parked (over the outlet system). If, according to the data, a possible fire is detected, the control system may transmit a signal to the water supply system which may open one or more valves providing for the continuous supply of water to the nozzles, where the water may be sprayed, until the valves are closed. The term “water supply” as used herein should be interpreted to mean a water supply of a building, such as a main water supply. The term “water”, however, should be interpreted to mean any fluid capable of extinguishing a fire and that can be 10 transported through conduits, such as foam, water, or the like. Accordingly, the “water outlet system” may, for example, be an outlet for foam instead of water. The term “parked” as used herein should be interpreted to mean that at least a portion of a vehicle is stationary on or over the outlet system of the fire prevention system and the vehicle (or a portion thereof) is within the sensing range of the sensor I camera. The fire detection and prevention system will now be described with reference to the accompanying figures, wherein like reference numerals are used to indicate like features and components. Figures 1 to 2E show schematic diagrams of a first example embodiment of a fire detection and prevention system (100). In the first example embodiment the fire detection and prevention system is retrofitted to an existing concrete parking bay in a building structure, for example. The system (100) may include a water outlet system (102), a water supply system (104) and a control system (106). The water outlet system (102) is shown in more detail in Figure 2A. In particular, the water outlet system (102) includes a frame (108) comprising a plurality of tube members (110). In a preferred embodiment each tube member may be a hollow tube member having a rectangular cross-section. The hollow tube members can be useful for providing a low-profile frame that is no greater than approximately 30mm high and, in some embodiments, no greater than 25mm high. A low-profile frame may be advantageous in some embodiments to prevent tripping hazards and easily allow a vehicle to be positioned on / over the frame. Each tube member may be preferably made from a material that is corrosion resistant and can withstand high pressures and temperatures, such as T304 stainless steel, for example. Each tube member will be required to transport fluids, such as water, at high pressures and also be in close proximity to areas where fire, and therefore heat, may break out. As such, it is important for the tube members to be able to withstand high pressures and extreme heat. In a preferred embodiment, the frame (108) comprises five tube members (110) with three of the tube members being longitudinal tube members (in the direction that a car may approach the water outlet system) and two transverse members (in the direction that a car may approach the water outlet system). The longitudinal members may be fluidly connected to the transverse members at the ends thereof via any suitable attachment method, such as welding. In the present embodiment, the two outer longitudinal tube members are connected to ends of the transverse tube members via mitre joins and sealed by fillet welds. However, as mentioned above, it should be appreciated that any suitable connection such as cope joins, coupled joints (via a suitable fittings), or the like may be appropriate. The tube members should be fluidly connected to each other in that a flow path defined by the tube members should not be obstructed by the connection. In other words, the welded connections should enable water to flow through the connections unobstructed. The centre longitudinal member may be attached to the transverse members via a tee-joint connection. In a preferred embodiment the frame (108) is 1800mm x 1050mm in size. Once assembled, the frame (108) defines an upward facing surface (111) and a downward facing surface (not shown). In use, the frame (108) will be placed I installed onto the parking bay with its downward facing surface being laid substantially flush with the parking bay and at least removably fixed to parking bay, as discussed below. The upward facing surface (111) of the frame (108) is configured to receive or define a plurality of spray nozzles (112, 113). In a preferred embodiment, the nozzles are low-profile nozzles (112,113) that are integrally formed with the frame (108). However, it should be appreciated that the frame (108) may be configured to include a plurality of receiving portions, with each receiving portion being configured to receive a prefabricated spray nozzle (112, 113). In such an embodiment, the number of spray nozzles need not necessarily conform to the number of receiving portions being defined in the frame and any receiving portions not in use may include an end stoptype fitting fixed thereto. The use of low-profile nozzles allows the system to be trafficable and prevents the system from presenting a tripping hazard. 12 Turning to the preferred embodiment, each tube member (110) of the frame (108) includes a plurality of spray nozzles (112, 113) defined therein. A first plurality of spray nozzles (112) may be arranged to be spaced along and adjacent to one or more sides or edges of the frame (108). In one embodiment, the first plurality of spray nozzles (112) are arranged spaced along and adjacent to two parallel sides of the frame (108). In another embodiment, the first plurality of spray nozzles (112) are arranged spaced along and adjacent to the four sides of the frame (108) so as to be arranged about the entire perimeter of the frame (108). The first plurality of spray nozzles (112) of each of the outside, longitudinal tube members (110) are defined by a plurality of orifices arranged in a circular pattern. In a preferred embodiment, the circular pattern, being defined by the plurality of orifices, has a diameter of between 10mm and 44m and each orifice has a diameter of 3mm. In an embodiment, the circular pattern has a radius of about 22mm (or a diameter of about 44mm). In a preferred embodiment the circular pattern is an asymmetrical circular pattern in that the orifices are unevenly spaced around the circumference or periphery of the circular pattern. For example, in a preferred embodiment, the orifices may be spaced such that at least seven orifices, preferably nine, are densely located at an outer area of the circular pattern and at least three orifices, preferably four, are sparsely located along an inner area of the circular pattern. An enlarged I enhanced example embodiment of a spray nozzle (112) of an outer, longitudinal tube member (110) is shown in Figure 2B. In some embodiments, however, the orifices may have another configuration. For example, it should be appreciated that any number of orifices may be spaced in any configuration to form a spray nozzle (112). The outlet of each of the spray nozzles (112) is obscured by a deflector plate that is configured to, when water is sprayed upwardly out from the orifices of the spray nozzles, produce a “flatter” spray pattern to project water from the sides of the undercarriage of a vehicle parked over the outlet system (102) to provide at least some spray coverage to adjacent vehicles and / or building elements on either side of the vehicle. That is, the deflector plate may be arranged relative to the outlet of the spray nozzle (112) such that the spray nozzles (112) spray water in one or more of: (i) a substantially upward / axial direction, (ii) a substantially horizontal / perpendicular direction, and / or (iii) in a conical spray pattern. In a preferred embodiment, the deflector plate is a 2mm T304 stainless steel deflector plate (112a) having a 70-degree tapered edge (see Figure 10). It should be appreciated that various other dimensions may provide a similar result. In addition to the above, a second plurality of spray nozzles (113) may be arranged to be spaced along and adjacent to one or more sides or edges of the frame (108) and / or spaced along a longitudinal axis of the frame (108). In one embodiment, the second plurality of spray nozzles (113) are arranged spaced along and adjacent to two parallel sides of the frame (108). In such an embodiment, the first plurality of nozzles (112) are arranged spaced along and adjacent to two parallel sides of the frame (108), where the first plurality nozzles (112) and the second plurality of nozzles (113) are adjacent different sides of the frame (108). For example, the first plurality of nozzles (112) may be spaced along and adjacent to the longitudinal sides of the frame (108) while the second plurality of nozzles (113) may be spaced along and adjacent to the lateral sides of the frame (108). In another embodiment, the second plurality of spray nozzles (113) are arranged spaced along and adjacent to two sides of the frame (108) and along the longitudinal axis of the frame (108) so as to provide one or more spray nozzles (113) that extend through the middle of the frame (108). In such an embodiment, the first plurality of nozzles (112) are arranged spaced along and adjacent to two parallel sides of the frame (108), where the first plurality nozzles (112) and the second plurality of nozzles (113) are adjacent different sides of the frame (108). In another embodiment, the second plurality of spray nozzles (113) are arranged spaced along the longitudinal axis of the frame (108) so as to provide one or more 14 spray nozzles (113) that extend through the middle of the frame (108). In such an embodiment, the first plurality of nozzles (112) are arranged spaced along and adjacent to two parallel sides of the frame (108) or spaced along and adjacent to the four sides of the frame (108) so as to be arranged about the entire perimeter of the frame (108). Each of the outer, transverse tube members (110) and the inner, longitudinal tube member (110) may also include the second plurality of spray nozzles (113) defined therein. The spray nozzles (113) are defined by a plurality of orifices arranged in a circular pattern. In a preferred embodiment, the circular pattern, being defined by the plurality of orifices, has a diameter of 019.5mm and each orifice has a diameter of 3mm. An example embodiment of a spray nozzle (113) is shown in the enlarged view of Figure 2C. As can be seen, in a preferred embodiment, the circular patter includes at least eight 3mm orifices evenly spaced around the circumference or periphery of the circular pattern. In some embodiments, however, the orifices may have another configuration. For example, it should be appreciated that any number of orifices may be spaced in any configuration to form a spray nozzle (113). Each of the spray nozzles (113) may be obscured by a deflector plate that is configured to, when water is sprayed upwardly out from the orifices of the spray nozzles, produce a more “vertical” I “upward” spray pattern targeting the undercarriage I battery pack of a vehicle parked over the outlet system (102). In a preferred embodiment, the deflector plate is a 2mm T304 stainless steel deflector plate (112b) having a 60-degree tapered edge (see Figure 11). It should be appreciated that various other dimensions may provide a similar result. In a practical implementation, the deflector plates are tapped and screwed to the relevant tube members (110) with countersunk, preferably 4mm, engineering screws. The nozzles (112) may be provided at 265mm intervals (centre to centre) on the outer tube members (110) and the nozzles (113) may be provided at 530mm intervals (centre to centre) on the middle tube member (110). Advantageously, water issuing from spray nozzles (112,113) produce a splayed spray pattern intended to overlap the spray of the adjacent nozzle, as well as project out from underneath the undercarriage of a vehicle to wet adjacent vehicles or building elements. The spray nozzles are configured to be low-profile and robust so as to withstand vehicle traffic. In use, the assembled frame (108) may be covered by a cover plate (114) to increase the strength of the frame and allow a vehicle to at least temporarily drive over the plate during a parking process. The cover plate may be configured to have splayed edges so as to enable easy manoeuvring by a driver of the vehicle over the coverplate (114), and to also prevent tripping by patrons, or the like. In a preferred embodiment, the cover plate (114) is made from 3mm T304 stainless steel. However, it should be appreciated that any other material having similar properties may be used. The cover plate (114) is further configured to include a plurality of apertures therein, with the location of each aperture corresponding to a spray nozzle (112, 113) of the frame (108). In other words, the cover plate (114) is configured to that it does not obstruct the orifices of the spray nozzles (112, 113). In addition, each of the apertures in the cover plate may be shaped and configured to releasably receive a dust cap (116). The dust cap (116) is configured to prevent the ingress of foreign debris into the relevant spray orifices. Each dust cap may be manufactured from a rubber or plastic material. In use, the dust caps (116) may be released I ejected from the respective apertures when fluid is being released I sprayed by the spray nozzles (112, 113). The cover plate (114) may be fixed to the concrete parking bay via a plurality of bolts (115). A side section view along line A-A is shown in Figure 2D. Figure 2E is an enlarged view showing the middle tube (110) and dust cap (116) covering a spray nozzle (113) of the tube (110). 16 As discussed above, the outlet system (102) is configured to be robust so that it can withstand the weight of a vehicle, at least temporarily, without deformation or damage. In order to increase the strength of the outlet system (102), the outlet system may be reinforced by filling the spaces between the tubes (110) of the frame (108). In a preferred embodiment, the outlet system (102) is reinforced with 25mm fiberglass reinforced plastic grating panels (118) to infill the spaces between the tubes (110) of the frame (108). The grating panels (118) are configured to further support the cover plate (114). The outlet system (102) may be shaped and configured to, in a preferred embodiment, fit underneath a vehicle (therefore only occupying a portion of the parking bay). However, even though it is not shown, in some embodiments, the outlet system may be a larger system designed to occupy an entire parking bay and be configured to support the weight of a vehicle, when the vehicle is parked thereon. As discussed above, the system (100) includes a water supply system (104) facilitating continuous, permanent water supply. The water supply system (104) may allow the flow of water from a water source (not shown) into the frame (108) of the outlet system via an inlet (119) to eventually allow the water to be ejected from the spray nozzles (112, 113). In some embodiments, the water supply system (104) may include a flanged spigot (120) establishing a fluid connection between the water supply system (104) and the frame (108). In a preferred embodiment, the spigot is configured to facilitate connection of a conduit (121) (such as a water supply pipe) to the frame (108) via the inlet (119), such as a welded mating flange mechanically bolted to the frame. Preferably, the conduit (121) has the same rectangular hollow section as the tubes (110) of the frame (108). In use, the conduit (121) is run along the parking bay to a wall or end of the parking bay. The conduit (121) may be customisable in length and the end located at the wall 17 or end of the parking bay may include a threaded spigot for connection of the conduit (121) to a rigid building water supply pipe (122). In another embodiment, each fluid connection may be provided by a spigot assembly. The spigot assembly comprises (i) a mating flange that is connected (such as by bolting, for example) to the frame or a wall for connecting to a building / fixed water supply, and (ii) an elliptical spigot onto which a high-pressure lay-flat hose can be secured using steel pipe clamps or a tensioned strap, for example. A spigot assembly may also be provided on the frame and on the building wall, allowing the hose to be connected without cutting or modifying the frame’s rectangular-hollow-section (RHS) members. An embodiment of a spigot assembly for connecting to the frame is shown in Figure 8. The spigot assembly (800) in Figure 8 comprises (i) a mating flange (805) that is connected (such as by bolting or welding, for example) to the frame, and (ii) an elliptical spigot (810) onto which a high-pressure lay-flat hose can be secured using steel pipe clamps or a tensioned strap. An embodiment of a spigot assembly for connecting to the wall is shown in Figure 9. The spigot assembly (900) comprises an elliptical spigot (910) onto which a high-pressure lay-flat hose can be secured using steel pipe clamps or a tensioned strap. The spigot assembly (900) may also include a threaded spigot (915) for connection of the spigot assembly (900) to a rigid building water supply pipe and to establish a fluid connection from the water supply to the elliptical spigot (910). To protect the conduit (121) and prevent the conduit from being a trip hazard to patrons, the conduit (121) may be covered with a conduit cover-plate (124). Similar to the cover plate of the outlet system (102), the conduit cover-plate (124) may be a 3mm T304 stainless steel cover-plate (124), with splayed edges to prevent trip hazards, for the length of the conduit (121). 18 An example water supply connection is discussed herein, for the sake of convenience. It should be appreciated, however, that various water supply configurations may be provided that do not deviate from the essence of the invention disclosed herein. The water supply system (104) may be in data communication with a control system (106). In particular, various components of the water supply system (104) may be in data communication with components of the control system (106), via a wired or wireless configuration. In a preferred embodiment, the fire detection system includes a control circuit (126) and one or more sensing elements (128). The sensing elements (128) may be configured to monitor a parked vehicle detect a fire risk associated with one or more components of the vehicle. This may include the sensing elements being configured to monitor a vehicle and its components, such as batteries, for properties associated with fire or overheating of batteries. In some embodiments, this may include the one or more sensing elements being configured to continuously monitor and capture data associated with components of the parked vehicle. The control circuit may, for example, be fire detection control and indicating equipment (FDCIE) of a building in which the fire detection and prevention system is installed. In other words, in some embodiments, the sensing elements may simply be configured to monitor for the occurrence of an event, and if such an event has occurred send an appropriate signal I notification to the control circuit. For example, in some embodiments the sensing element may be configured (via appropriate software) to send an activation signal to the control circuit if it is detected that the battery of a vehicle is hotter than it should be. The sensing elements may be one or more infrared cameras, thermal imaging cameras, smoke detectors, gas sensor, heat / temperature sensors (such as a linear heat detection wire) or the like. Each of the sensing elements (128) may be configured to capture data and transmit the captured data to the control circuit (126) where the data may be processed, and appropriate action may be taken by the control circuit. This may, for example, include the control circuit (126) displaying warning notifications to a fire safety officer of the building, either via a display or via a notification to a remote 19 device of the fire safety officer, and I or transmitting control signals to control (activate I deactivate, which ever the case may be) components of the water supply system (104). For example, in a preferred embodiment, the water supply system (104) may comprise an upstream power-actuated supply valve (130), at a remote location from the parking bay. The valve (130) may be in data communication with the control circuit (126) which is configured to actuate the valve between a closed configuration (in which water flow is restricted) and an open configuration (in which water flow is permitted). The valve (130) may, for example, be actuated from the closed configuration to the open configuration in response to a sensing element (128), such as an infrared camera or thermal imaging camera, detecting properties associated with a fire. Even though only one sensing element is shown, it should be appreciated that a plurality of different, or similar, sensing elements may be provided in a practical implantation. For example, as discussed above, one or more infrared cameras / sensors, smoke detectors, harmful gas detectors, or the like, may be implemented. The term “data communication” as used herein, should be interpreted to mean any wired or wireless communication between devices for sending signals from one device to the other. It should further be appreciated that any of the devices requiring power in order to operate as intended may be connected to a mains power supply, or be battery operated. In the embodiment shown, the sensing element (130) is an infrared camera which is configured to monitor the underside of an electric vehicle parked on the parking bay. In some embodiments, the power-actuated valve (130) may be fitted with a Manual Call Point (132) (valve E-start) or manual selector switch, located remote to the parking bay, to allow manual activation and initiation of a fire alarm state at the control circuit (126). 20 In some embodiments, the water supply system may include a three position switch to allow manual activation and initiation of a fire alarm state from a remote location. The water supply system (104) may include, upstream of the power-actuated valve (130), a reduced pressure zone valve (134) to prevent backflow of the water supply (in other words, to only allow flow of water to occur in one direction). It should be appreciated that other methods, such as the use of an air gap, may also be used. The water supply system (104) may further include, downstream of the power-actuated valve (130), a valved hose coupling (136), remote to the parking bay, configured to accept an external hose fitting, such as that of the local attending fire brigade. This will enable a fire brigade to also connect to the fire detection and prevention system and boost the water pressure and flow to the system, where needed. An advantage of the above configuration is that, by the Manual Call Point and valved hose coupling being remotely located from the actual parking bay where the outlet system is installed, any person (such as a firefighter) wishing to manually activate the system or boost the water pressure may do so from a safe distance. Further downstream of the valved hose coupling (136), the water supply system (104) may include a filter device (138), such as a Y-strainer, to filter and I or capture any unwanted particulates in the water. As alluded to above, connection to the valved hose coupling (136) will allow assisting / attending fire fighters to isolate the power-actuated valve (130) and boost the water supply system (104) via a hydrant system and I or pumping appliance. The above discussion with reference to Figures 1 to 2E relate to a first example embodiment of a retrofittable fire fighter system (100). Figures 3 to 4E show a second example embodiment of the fire detection and prevention system (100). In this example embodiment, the fire detection and prevention system (100) is installed as part of a new parking bay I structure during construction thereof and the water outlet system (202) is essentially flat with the 21 surface. The system (200) may include a vehicle water outlet system (202), a water supply system (204) and a control system (206). The water supply system (204) and control system (206) of the two example embodiments are nearly identical and, for the sake of convenience, will not be discussed again. Like features, are therefore indicated by like numerals. The vehicle water outlet system (202) is shown in more detail in Figures 4A-4E. As with the embodiment discussed above, the water outlet system (202) includes a frame (208) comprising a plurality of tube members (210), with each tube member preferably having a rectangular cross-section and made from a material that is corrosion resistant and can withstand high pressures and temperatures, such as T304 stainless steel. The configuration of the tube members (210) to form the frame (208) is the same as that of the first example embodiment. Once assembled, the frame (208) defines an upward facing surface (211) and a downward facing surface (not shown). During installation or construction of the parking bays, it should be appreciated that the parking bay may be sufficiently hollowed to leave a seat portion for at least the frame (208) to be installed in. The frame (208) may be installed such that the upward facing surface (211) lies substantially flush with the outer edges of the seat portion. In other words, there should essentially be no lift when a person drives their vehicle over the outlet system (202) when parking their vehicle, for example. The upward facing surface (211) of the frame (208) may include the same nozzles (212, 213) as the previously discussed nozzles. In the present embodiment, the assembled frame (108) may be covered by a cover plate (214) to increase the strength of the frame and allow a vehicle to be located directly above the frame when the vehicle is parked over the cover plate (214). In some embodiments, the frame may be of sufficient strength to at least temporarily support the weight of a vehicle for when a vehicle is poorly parked, or when at least the wheels of a vehicle crosses over the frame during a parking process. The cover plate may be configured to fit onto the frame and lie substantially flush with the immediate surrounding area, such as concrete, paving, or the like. An example embodiment of the flush outlet system (202) is shown in Figure 4D. In a preferred embodiment, the cover plate (214) is made from 3mm T304 stainless steel. However, it should be appreciated that any other material having similar properties may be used. The cover plate (214) may also include a plurality of apertures, with the location of each aperture corresponding to a spray nozzle (212, 213) of the frame (208). And, each of the apertures in the cover plate may be shaped and configured to releasably receive a dust cap (216) that is configured to prevent the ingress of foreign debris into the relevant spray orifices. Each dust cap may be manufactured from a rubber material. In use, the dust caps (216) may be released I ejected from the respective apertures when fluid is being released I sprayed by the spray nozzles (212, 213). The cover plate (214) may be fixed to the concrete parking bay via bolts (215). A side section view along line A-A is shown in Figure 4D. Figure 4E is an enlarged view showing the middle tube (210) and dust cap (216) covering a spray nozzle (213) of the tube (210). Again, the outlet system (202), may be reinforced to increase its strength by filling the spaces between the tubes (210) of the frame (208) with 25mm fiberglass reinforced plastic grating panels (218). The grating panels (218) are configured to further support the cover plate (214). The conduit (221) of the water supply system (204) may be run within a designated seat along the parking bay to a wall or end of the parking bay. As with the outlet system (202), the conduit (221) may lie substantially flush with the surface surrounding it, and also receive a conduit cover plate (224) for protecting the conduit and preventing the conduit from being a trip hazard. In the embodiment shown, the cover plate (224) lies substantially flush with the surface surrounding the seat created for the conduit. A 23 similar spigot (220) may also be included to establish the connection between the conduit (221) and an inlet (219) of the frame (208). As described elsewhere, in another embodiment, each fluid connection may be provided by a spigot assembly. The spigot assembly comprises (i) a mating flange that is connected (such as by bolting, for example) to the frame or a wall for connecting to a building / fixed water supply, and (ii) an elliptical spigot onto which a high-pressure lay-flat hose can be secured using steel pipe clamps or a tensioned strap, for example. A spigot assembly may also be provided on the frame and on the building wall, allowing the hose to be connected without cutting or modifying the frame’s rectangular-hollow-section (RHS) members. It should be appreciated that, in some embodiments, the outlet system may be an individual outlet apparatus designed and configured to be connected to an existing fire and prevention system. For example, in some embodiments, the outlet system may be installed in an existing (or newly constructed) parking bay and connected, via an inlet and or other components (such as a conduit) to an existing water supply system. The existing water supply system may include at least one electrically actuatable valve in data communication with a preconfigured control system, such as a control system discussed above. And, the control system may include one or more sensing elements that are configured to detect a fire risk associated with a vehicle parked in a particular parking bay. For example, in some cases, it could be that infrastructure exists for an overhead firefighting system where the infrastructure includes a water supply system, one or more sensors for detecting a fire risk, an overhead sprinkler system, and a control system for controlling the flow of water to the overhead sprinkler system in the event of a fire risk being detected. In such an embodiment, the outlet system may be configured to, once installed, “plug” into the existing water supply system in the place of, or in addition to, the overhead sprinkler system. Accordingly, if a fire risk is detected and a valve of the water supply 24 system is activated (opened) by the control system, the water may be directed to the outlet system. Figure 5 is an example flow diagram of a method for automatic activation of a fire detection and prevention system disclosed with reference to Figures 1 to 4E. It should be appreciated that the method is merely an example method intended to facilitate the understanding of the system in a practical implementation. Different steps may be performed for different embodiments. The method, as discussed herein, may be performed by the control circuitry (126). The sensing elements (128) may be configured to continuously scan / monitor a parking bay where the fire detection and prevention system (100, 200) is installed. If one or more of the sensing elements (128) detect a potential fire hazard / risk, such as an overheating battery of an electric vehicle parked in the parking bay, the sensing element may transmit a signal (such as a data signal) to the control circuitry (126) indicating that a fire hazard has been detected. The sensing element may, for example, be configured to only send a signal based on the detection of a preconfigured condition. For example, the sensor may transmit a signal to the control circuitry (126) in response to the detection of heat in a battery which exceeds a threshold value. The exact configuration of each of the one or more sensing elements (128) may depend on the sensing element and its location and purpose within the system (100, 200). For example, a heat / temperature sensor, such as a linear heat detection wire or linear heat detection sensor 128a (see Figure 12, for example), may be located on an underside of a cover plate of the frame. In some embodiments, the signal may include information on data captured by the sensor, such as a data values for a set period, a timestamp for each data value, and the like. In some embodiments, however, the signal may simply be a binary value indicating that a potential fire hazard / risk has been detected. In one embodiment, the sensing elements (128) include a gas sensor which is configured to detect gases from a lithium-ion battery that is in thermal runaway. The gas sensor may provide for early detection of a fire hazard and activation of the water supply system to minimise the spread and impact of a fire that may occur. The control circuitry (126) may receive (302) an output, in the form of a data signal from the one or more sensing elements (128) indicating that a fire risk exists. A fire risk, as discussed herein, may exist if any smoke, excessive heat, flames, or the like is detected by the one or more sensing elements, as discussed below. The control circuitry (126) may read the received output of the one or more sensing elements (128) and process (304) the output to determine if the output indicates that a fire risk exists. In some embodiments, determining if the output from a sensing element indicates that a fire risk exists, may include determining if, based on the signal data, a predetermined threshold has been exceeded and whether a component of the water supply system (104, 204) needs to be activated. To this end, the control circuitry (126) may be configured to, at least temporarily, store the data in a data store for later processing or diagnostics by a manual operator, for example. If it is determined that a fire risk exists (for example that data values associated with the captured, processed data exceed a predetermined threshold) and a component of the water supply system needs to be activated, the control circuitry (126) may cause activation of the component of the water supply system by generating and transmitting (306) an activation signal to the relevant component of the water supply system (104, 204), such as the actuator valve (130). The valve may receive the activation signal and open the valve to allow water to flow from the water supply to the sprayer nozzles (112, 212). If it is determined that the data values, for example, do not exceed a predetermine threshold, the control circuit may end (308) the process, at least until new data is received. Once the fire has been successfully contained, or an operator considers it necessary, the valve may be closed by the operator or other party. Once closed, the flow of water to the water outlet system may stop. In some embodiments, the valve may be closed remotely, via the control circuit. 26 As mentioned above, it should be appreciated that various different steps to control the components of the system may be implemented. The same steps may be followed for a manually activated system, however, as opposed to the control circuitry receiving a notification from the one or more sensing elements that a predetermine condition has been detected, the control circuitry may receive a notification that a manual call point has been activated. In such case, the valve will automatically be opened. It should, however, be appreciated that in the event of one or more sensing elements failing, the entire system may be human operated and the control circuitry may be overridden by a manual human input. Components of the control circuitry (126) are shown in the high-level block diagram in Figure 6. The control circuitry (126) may include a processor (402) for executing the functions of components described below, which may be provided by hardware or software units executing on the control circuitry. The software units may be stored in a memory (404) which provide instructions to the processor (402) to carry out the functionality of the described components. The memory (404) may have the unique identifier associated with the particular fire detection and prevention system (100, 200) stored therein. For example, in a larger carpark, it should be appreciated that a network of firefighter systems may be installed. In such an embodiment, a plurality of fire detection and prevention systems may be controlled by a control circuit (126) and the water supply system (104, 204) may be updated accordingly. For example, the actuator valve (130) may be located lower down in the process, such that each fire detection and prevention system may have its own actuator valve (130), however, more than one actuator valves may be controlled by the same control circuitry (126). In some embodiments, each of the water outlet systems (102, 202) and water supply systems (104, 204) of a particular firefighter system (100, 200) linked to a designated parking bay may be associated with a unique identifier. The identifier may be included in any communication I data exchange between components of the system (100, 200) and used to identify the system that certain communications I exchanges relate to. For example, the valve that needs to be actuated by the control circuitry a network of systems may be determined by the data notification sent from the sensing element to 27 the control circuitry including the unique system identifier. The control circuitry may then process the data notification, which includes identifying the relevant unique system identifier from the notification and cause actuation of the actuator associated with the particular identifier. The control circuitry (126) may include a receiver (406) arranged to receive an output of one or more sensing elements (128). The output may be an electrical signal associated with data captured by the one or more sensing elements (128). The control circuitry (126) may process the data via the processor (402) and output an electrical signal to an actuator valve (130) to open (or close) via a signal transmitter (408). The output signal may be generated by the processor (402) and output by the transmitter (408) and based on the data received from the one or more sensing elements. In addition, the control circuitry (126) may include a storage component (410), in addition to the memory (404) for storing data associated with the sensing elements. An example embodiment of a network of firefighting systems (500) is shown in Figure 7. In such an embodiment, each of the systems (500) may include its own sensing elements (528) and valves (530) in data communication with a shared control circuit (526). The shared control circuit (526) may be configured to receive a signal from any one of the sensing elements (528) and cause activation of the valve (530) associated with the particular sensing element (528). Each of the sensing elements (528) and valves (530) may be associated with a particular water outlet system (502) of a particular parking bay. In such an embodiment, a single valved hose coupling (536) may be provided for boosting the water supply to the entire system. Each of the firefighting systems (500), however, may be associated with a Manual Call Point (532) that is associated with that particular firefighting system (500) in the network of firefighting systems. 28 Figure 7 is simply an example embodiment intended to facilitate an understanding of a networked system. It should be appreciated that the overall workings and core aspects of each individual firefighting system within such a network is the same as discussed with reference to the above Figures. Even though it is not shown, in some embodiments, each of the one or more sensing elements may include its own control circuitry for transmitting a signal to a relevant valve to cause activation of the valve from a closed condition to an open condition. In such an embodiment, it should be appreciated that no external control circuitry needs to be provided and the control circuitry may be provided within the sensing elements itself. The disclosed systems and methods therefore provide a convenient solution to firefighting, particularly in electric vehicles when parked at a parking bay (either during charging or standard parking), while limiting the risk of exposure to harmful chemicals and flames to human firefighters. This is done by providing a fire detection and prevention system that is permanently connected to a buildings domestic or firefighting water supply. The dimensions and quantities of components of the system are for example purposes only. It should be appreciated that a number of configurations having different dimensions and quantities of components may be possible in a practical implementation without diverging from the scope of the disclosed system and method. Advantages of the system includes early intervention prior to fire brigade arrival by activation, either automatically via an existing or stand-alone fire detection system, or manually with the opening of a remote water supply valve. Additionally, the disclosed systems may include hose fittings and valves appropriate for the connection of a firefighting hose to allow the water supply pressure and flow within the system to be boosted. Further, as discussed above, the system eliminates the need for fire-fighting personnel to approach an electric vehicle with a battery fire for activation of the system. 29 The foregoing description has been presented for the purpose of illustration; it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Persons skilled in the relevant art can appreciate that many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above disclosure. 5 In compliance with the statute, the invention has been described in language more or less specific to structural or methodical features. The term “comprises” and its variations, such as “comprising” and “comprised of” is used throughout in an inclusive sense and not to the exclusion of any additional features. 10 It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to specific features shown or described since the means herein described comprises preferred forms of putting the invention into effect. 15 The invention is, therefore, claimed in any of its forms or modifications within the proper scope of the appended claims appropriately interpreted by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A system for fire detection and prevention comprising:a frame;an inlet connected to the frame and connectable to a water supply;a plurality of spray nozzles located on the frame, wherein each of the spray nozzles is in fluid communication with the inlet and configured to spray water received from the water supply outwards in a substantially upwardly direction and one or more of the plurality of the spray nozzles includes a deflector plate secured thereto, to at least partially obstruct water flow and direct the water being sprayed from respective spray nozzles into a predetermined direction; andat least one sensing element located on the frame configured to detect a fire risk associated with one or more components of a stationary vehicle located over the frame,wherein the at least one sensing element is controlled by a control system configured to allow water to flow from the water supply to the plurality of spray nozzles in response to the at least one sensing element detecting a fire risk.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the one or more sensing elements is configured to capture data associated with the stationary vehicle, and wherein the captured data is associated with components of the vehicle and indicative of properties associated with fire or overheating of batteries.

3. The system according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of spray nozzles include a plurality of orifices defined in the frame.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the frame comprises a platform configured to be placed on a flat surface for a vehicle to be positioned over.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein a first subset of the spray nozzles located31at, along or adjacent outer sides of the outlet system include a deflector plate with a 70-degree tapered edge relative to an outlet of the relevant spray nozzle.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein a second subset of the spray nozzles located along or adjacent a central longitudinal axis of the frame include a deflector plate with a 60-degree tapered edge relative to an outlet of the relevant spray nozzle.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein each of the first subset of the spray nozzles located at the outer sides of the outlet system are asymmetric spray nozzles in that the orifices of the spray nozzles are non-evenly spaced.

8. The system according to claim 1, wherein each of the second subset of the spray nozzles located along or adjacent the central longitudinal axis of the frame are symmetric spray nozzles and the orifices of the spray nozzles are evenly spaced around a circumference or periphery of the spray nozzle outlet.

9. The system according to claim 1, wherein a height of the frame is about 30mm or less.

10. The system according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of tube members connect the plurality of spray nozzles to the inlet, and each tube member comprises a hollow tube member having a rectangular cross-section11. A method for controlling a system for fire detection and prevention, the method being conducted by a controller circuit and comprising the steps of:monitoring an output from one or more sensing elements, the output indicating if a fire risk exists;processing the output of the one or more sensing elements to determine if a fire risk exists; andin response to determining that a fire risk exists, activating water flow from a water supply to a system for fire detection and prevention,wherein the water flows to a plurality of spray nozzles provided in a frame of the system for fire detection and prevention over which a vehicle is, at least32temporarily, parked, andwherein each of the plurality of spray nozzles are configured to spray water outwardly, in a substantially upwards direction, towards an underside of the vehicle.

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