Support device for reinforced confinement structures of roadway surrounding rock in weak rock strata and support method therefor

Abstract

A reinforced confinement structural support device and support method for surrounding rock in a soft rock roadway. The device comprises a self-moving mechanism (1), a circumferential grooving machine (2), and a longitudinal grooving machine (3). The self-moving mechanism consists of two annular support bodies (11, 12) of identical structure and hydraulic telescopic rods III (13) connected between the annular support bodies, wherein the hydraulic telescopic rods are used for adjusting the distance between the two annular support bodies; and each annular support body consists of arc-shaped support plates I (11-1), and hydraulic telescopic rods I (11-2) which are used for expanding and reducing the contour size of the annular support body. The circumferential grooving machine is mounted on the annular support body at a front end and is used for performing circumferential grooving on a roadway wall surface; and the longitudinal grooving machine is mounted on the annular support body at a rear end and is used for performing longitudinal grooving on the roadway wall surface. Grout is injected into a grooving network, and then combined with precast blocks to form an integral cylindrical support structure, thereby effectively supporting a soft surrounding rock roadway and enhancing the stability of the support.

Description

A reinforced and constrained support structure for roadways in weak rock strata and its support method Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel support technology, specifically to a support device and method for strengthening the surrounding rock of a tunnel with weak rock strata and constraining the surrounding rock. Background Technology

[0002] In underground mineral mining activities, coal-bearing sedimentary weak strata are very common, especially after entering the deep environment. Excavation exposes the rock mass and relieves its in-situ triaxial stress state. The surrounding rock mass itself has low strength and tends to migrate and deform on the exposed free surface under stress. Since the weak rock mass is extremely easy to break and deform, the existing related surrounding rock control technologies play an effective practical role in the specific environment of deep soft rock. For example, (1) traditional anchor bolt (cable) support is difficult to play a role in weak rock mass. It is difficult to improve its bearing capacity while maintaining its integrity. In fact, the process disturbance will accelerate the breaking and deformation of the surrounding rock. (2) the existing grouting modification technology pays almost no attention to the distribution and morphology of grout in the broken rock mass. The corresponding control effect produced by the grout structure after molding is difficult to evaluate. (3) the precast concrete masonry arch structure matched with shield tunneling technology is relatively simple. It is difficult to ensure the continuity of the overall properties of the spliced ​​and stacked blocks. It is difficult to adapt to the variable stress environment in deep soft rock strata. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a set of targeted technical measures that can achieve considerable support strength while effectively constraining the deformation of the surrounding rock after excavation, so as to effectively solve the practical problem of difficult support control of the surrounding rock in the excavation space in the deep soft rock environment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a support device and method for strengthening the surrounding rock of a roadway in weak rock formations. By cutting grooves and injecting grout into the roadway wall in the weak surrounding rock, and cooperating with the cylindrical structure formed by the masonry blocks, an integral support structure is formed, which can effectively support the weak surrounding rock.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: Firstly, the present invention discloses a support device for reinforced and constrained surrounding rock in roadways with weak rock strata, comprising...

[0005] The self-moving mechanism includes two identical ring support bodies I and II. The ring support body I and the ring support body II are connected by multiple hydraulic telescopic rods III to adjust the distance between them. The ring support body I is composed of multiple arc-shaped support plates I, and each arc-shaped support plate I is connected by a hydraulic telescopic rod I. The size of the outer contour of the ring support body I is adjusted by the joint extension and retraction of the hydraulic telescopic rods I.

[0006] A circumferential grooving machine includes a support I and cutting arms I. The support I is detachably connected to the arc-shaped support plate I at the bottom of the annular support body I. The three cutting arms I are rotatably connected to the support I. Cutting teeth I are provided at the top of the cutting arms I. The cutting arms I perform annular grooving on the roadway wall through the cutting teeth I under the drive of a motor.

[0007] The longitudinal grooving machine includes a support II and a cutting arm II. The support II is detachably connected to the arc-shaped support plate II at the bottom of the annular support body II. Multiple cutting arms II are rotatably connected to the support II. The top of the cutting arm II is provided with cutting teeth II. The cutting arm II performs longitudinal grooving on the roadway wall along the roadway excavation direction under the drive of the hydraulic telescopic rod III.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, when the outer contour of the annular support body I increases, the hydraulic telescopic rods I at both ends of the arc-shaped support plate I at the bottom extend in a mirror direction, and the arc-shaped support plates I on both sides also extend in a mirror direction.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the cutting arm I and the cutting arm II are hydraulic telescopic rod structures.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the cutting teeth I and II are gear-type and are driven by a motor to rotate.

[0011] Secondly, the present invention also discloses a method for supporting weak rock strata roadways with reinforced and constrained surrounding rock structures. Based on the aforementioned support device for weak rock strata roadways with reinforced and constrained surrounding rock structures, this method includes the following steps:

[0012] Step S1: After the tunnel has been excavated for a certain distance, the support device performs the cutting operation behind the tunnel boring machine;

[0013] Step S2: The hydraulic telescopic rods I on the annular support body I at the front end of the self-moving device 1 extend together. Except for the arc-shaped support plate I at the bottom, the other arc-shaped support plates I move outward and upward to contact the roadway wall and provide temporary support for the roadway. The hydraulic telescopic rods II on the annular support body II at the rear end are in the retracted state, and the arc-shaped support plates II on the annular support body II do not contact the roadway wall.

[0014] Step S3: The circumferential grooving machine on the front-end annular support I is working. The three cutting arms I extend together, and the cutting teeth I are driven to rotate by the motor. The three cutting arms I rotate under the drive of the motor, and the cutting teeth I cut an annular groove of a certain depth on the tunnel wall.

[0015] Step S4: While the circumferential grooving machine is working, the cutting arm II of the longitudinal grooving machine on the annular support body II at the rear end extends at the same time, and the cutting teeth II rotate under the drive of the motor and contact the tunnel wall; the hydraulic telescopic rod III retracts, driving the annular support body II at the rear end to move closer to the annular support body I at the front end, and the cutting teeth II perform longitudinal grooving on the tunnel wall under the drive of the hydraulic telescopic rod III.

[0016] Step S5: When the rear annular support II approaches the minimum distance from the front annular support I, the hydraulic telescopic rod II on it extends, and the arc-shaped support plate II moves outward and upward, squeezing the roadway wall and providing temporary support for the roadway; the front arc-shaped support plate I retracts, and at the same time the cutting tooth I disengages from the roadway wall; thus, the self-moving mechanism moves forward one step.

[0017] Step S6: The hydraulic telescopic rod III extends forward, driving the annular support I at the front end to move forward to the maximum distance and then stop. The self-moving mechanism then moves forward one step.

[0018] Step S7: Repeat steps S2-S6. The self-moving mechanism drives the circumferential grooving machine and the longitudinal grooving machine to cut a grooving network composed of multiple circumferential grooves and multiple longitudinal grooves on the roadway wall.

[0019] Step S8: In the tunnel section formed by the trough network, a ring of concrete lining plates is installed circumferentially along the tunnel wall, and then multiple rings of concrete lining plates are installed longitudinally; the circumferential and longitudinal concrete lining plates are fixed by bolts; a pipe-like support structure is formed in the tunnel section formed by the trough network.

[0020] Step S9: Seal both ends of the pipe-shaped support structure and inject grout into the trough network. After the grout solidifies, a support shell composed of concrete lining pieces and grouting body is formed. After the tunnel excavation is completed, a soft surrounding rock support structure composed of the support shell is established in the entire tunnel.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0022] (1) This device is equipped with a self-moving mechanism. By having two interlocking annular supports contact the roadway, it can automatically move forward within the roadway. At the same time, the annular supports in contact with the roadway wall can provide temporary support for newly excavated roadways. The self-moving mechanism, as a carrier, can drive the circumferential grooving machine and the longitudinal grooving machine forward to complete the grooving operation of the entire roadway. The self-moving mechanism can also be powered by the extension and retraction of the hydraulic telescopic rod between the two annular supports to move forward within the longitudinal grooving for grooving operations. Through the organic cooperation of the three, the grooving work of the roadway can be completed efficiently.

[0023] (2) The device is equipped with a circumferential grooving machine on the front ring support body. The three cutting arms rotate to drive the cutting teeth to perform circumferential cutting, thereby improving the circumferential grooving work. The cutting arms on the circumferential grooving machine and the longitudinal grooving machine are all hydraulic telescopic rod structures, which facilitates the cutting teeth on them to perform grooving work and the wall surface to be removed after the work.

[0024] (3) After the grooved network is formed, the present invention assembles the pre-prepared concrete lining pieces in the roadway, and then grouts the grooved network to form an organic support structure with the concrete lining pieces, which can effectively support the weak surrounding rock and improve the support efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the self-moving mechanism of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the circumferential grooving machine of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the longitudinal grooving machine of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 is a connection diagram of the precast concrete lining slabs;

[0030] Figure 5 shows the assembly diagram of prefabricated concrete lining panels in the tunnel.

[0031] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the support structure for roadways with weak surrounding rock.

[0032] In the figure, 1-self-moving mechanism, 11-ring support I, 11-1-arc support plate I, 11-2-hydraulic telescopic rod I, 12-ring support II, 12-1-arc support plate II, 12-2-hydraulic telescopic rod II, 13-hydraulic telescopic rod III, 2-circumferential grooving machine, 21-support I, 22-cutting arm I, 23-cutting tooth I, 3-longitudinal grooving machine, 31-support II, 32-cutting arm II, 33-cutting tooth II, 4-concrete lining plate. Detailed Implementation

[0033] As shown in Figure 1, this invention proposes a support device for reinforced and constrained surrounding rock in roadways with weak rock strata, comprising a self-moving mechanism 1, a circumferential grooving machine 2, and a longitudinal grooving machine 3. The self-moving mechanism 1 includes annular support body I11 and annular support body II12, which have identical structures and dimensions. Annular support body I11 and annular support body II12 are connected by multiple hydraulic telescopic rods III13, and the distance between them is adjusted by the hydraulic telescopic rods III13.

[0034] Specifically, the annular support body I11 is composed of multiple arc-shaped support plates I11-1, and each arc-shaped support plate I11-1 is connected to each other by a hydraulic telescopic rod I11-2. The hydraulic telescopic rods I11-2 adjust the size of the outer contour of the annular support body I by extending and retracting together. The annular support body II12 includes multiple arc-shaped support plates II12-1 and hydraulic telescopic rods II12-2, and its connection structure is the same as that of the annular support body I1.

[0035] The head of the hydraulic telescopic rod III13 is hinged to the arc-shaped support plate II12-1.

[0036] Since the annular support I11 and annular support II12 have the same structure, the working principle of how annular support I11 expands and contracts is described here: As shown in Figure 1, there are 6 arc-shaped support plates I11-1 in annular support I11. When annular support I11 expands outward, the hydraulic telescopic rods I11-2 at both ends of the bottom arc-shaped support plate I11-1 extend outward simultaneously, each pushing the arc-shaped support plate II11 above it to move outward and upward, as shown in the two arc-shaped support plates II11-1 in the middle of Figure 1. The hydraulic telescopic rods I11-2 on these two arc-shaped support plates II11-1 also extend outward simultaneously, each pushing the two arc-shaped support plates II11-1 above them to move towards the top arc-shaped support plate II11-1. The top arc-shaped support plate II11 has a receiving channel for the hydraulic telescopic rods, which provides operating space for the extended hydraulic telescopic rods I11-2. The above structure can ensure that the bottom arc-shaped support plate I11-1 remains in place, because a circumferential grooving machine 2 is fixedly installed on the arc-shaped support plate I11-1 on the annular support body I11, and a longitudinal grooving machine 3 is fixedly installed on the arc-shaped support plate II12-1 on the annular support body II12. It is necessary to ensure that the two grooving machines remain in relatively stable positions.

[0037] As shown in Figure 2, the circumferential grooving machine 2 includes a support I21 and cutting arms I22. The support I21 is fixed to the arc-shaped support plate I11-1 at the bottom of the annular support body I11 by bolts. It can be disassembled at any time when not in use or after work is completed to make room for other equipment. The three cutting arms I22 are arranged in a circle with a 120-degree interval and are rotatably connected to the support I21. A motor is set behind the support I21, which drives the three cutting arms I22 to rotate. The top of the cutting arm I22 is provided with cutting teeth I23. In this embodiment, the cutting teeth I23 can be a fixed structure, such as a scraper, or a gear structure, which is driven by the motor to rotate for cutting.

[0038] As shown in Figure 3, the longitudinal grooving machine 3 includes a support II31 and cutting arms II32. The support II31 is fixed to the arc-shaped support plate II12-1 at the bottom of the annular support body II12 using bolts for easy disassembly. It can be removed after use or when the work is finished, making room for other equipment. Multiple cutting arms II32 are rotatably connected to the support II31. Each cutting arm II32 has cutting teeth II33 at its top. Driven by the hydraulic telescopic rod III13, the cutting arms II32 longitudinally groove the tunnel wall along the tunnel length. In this embodiment, the cutting teeth II33 can be a fixed structure, such as a scraper, or a gear structure driven by a motor for cutting.

[0039] The movement of this support device is generated by the extension and retraction of hydraulic components and the rotation driven by a motor. All of the above movements are controlled by a controller.

[0040] This invention also proposes a method for reinforcing and constraining the surrounding rock of roadways in weak rock strata, employing the aforementioned support device. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0041] Step S1: The tunnel boring machine advances a certain distance in the tunnel, and the support device performs grooving operation behind the tunnel boring machine.

[0042] Step S2: The hydraulic telescopic rods I11-2 on the annular support body I11 at the front end of the self-moving mechanism 1 extend together. Except for the arc-shaped support plate I11-1 at the bottom, the other arc-shaped support plates I11-1 move outward and upward to contact the roadway wall and provide temporary support for the roadway. The hydraulic telescopic rods II12-2 on the annular support body II12 at the rear end are in the retracted state, and the arc-shaped support plate II12-1 on the annular support body II12 does not contact the roadway wall.

[0043] Step S3: The circumferential grooving machine 2 on the front-end annular support body I11 works, and the three cutting arms I22 extend together, so that the cutting teeth I23 are driven by the motor to rotate; the three cutting arms I22 rotate under the drive of the motor, and the cutting teeth I23 together cut an annular groove of a certain depth on the tunnel wall.

[0044] Step S4: While the circumferential grooving machine is working, the cutting arm II32 of the longitudinal grooving machine 3 on the annular support II12 at the rear end extends simultaneously, and the cutting teeth II33 rotate under the drive of the motor and contact the tunnel wall; the hydraulic telescopic rod III13 retracts, driving the annular support II12 at the rear end to move closer to the annular support I11 at the front end, and the cutting teeth II33, driven by the hydraulic telescopic rod III13, perform longitudinal grooving on the tunnel wall.

[0045] Step S5: When the rear annular support II12 approaches the minimum distance from the front annular support I11, the hydraulic telescopic rod II12-2 on it extends, and the arc-shaped support plate II12-1 moves outward and upward, squeezing the roadway wall and providing temporary support for the roadway; the front arc-shaped support plate I11-1 retracts, and at the same time, the cutting tooth I23 disengages from the roadway wall; thus, the self-moving mechanism 1 moves forward one step.

[0046] Step S6: The hydraulic telescopic rod III13 extends forward, driving the annular support I11 at the front end to move forward to the maximum distance and then stop. The self-moving mechanism 1 then moves forward one step.

[0047] Step S7: Repeat steps S2-S6 to cut a groove network consisting of multiple circumferential grooves and multiple longitudinal grooves on the tunnel wall.

[0048] Step S8: In the roadway section formed by the slotted network, concrete lining pieces 4 are installed along the roadway wall. The concrete lining pieces 4 are connected by bolts to form a pipe-like support structure in the roadway section formed by the slotted network.

[0049] Specifically, as shown in Figure 4, the connection diagram between the left and right and front and back concrete lining plates 4 is provided. The concrete lining plates 4 are provided with holes through which screws pass and working areas for tightening nuts. When the left and right concrete lining plates 4 are connected, a screw passes through the holes of the two concrete lining plates 4 and the two ends are fixedly connected with nuts. The front and back concrete lining plates 4 are the same as above.

[0050] As shown in Figure 5, the concrete lining piece 4 is an arc-shaped piece, and the circle of its outer wall is the same as the diameter of the tunnel. During installation, it is installed from the bottom to both sides, and the top concrete lining piece 4 is inserted to form a pipe-like support structure with a certain width.

[0051] Step S9: Seal both ends of the pipe-shaped support structure and inject grout into the groove network on it. After the grout solidifies, a support shell composed of concrete lining pieces 4 and grouting body is formed. After the tunnel excavation is completed, a soft surrounding rock support structure composed of the support shell is established in the entire tunnel, as shown in Figure 6.

[0052] This invention addresses the characteristics of weak surrounding rock by providing targeted support. A grooving machine is used to cut the rock into a grooving network, which is then supported by precast concrete lining pieces 4. Grouting is then injected into the grooving network, reinforcing and constraining the deformation of the weak surrounding rock. Together with the concrete lining pieces 4, this forms a stable tunnel support structure. This cylindrical support structure effectively supports weak surrounding rock with excellent support performance.

[0053] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes that can be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention are within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A support device for reinforcing and constraining the surrounding rock of a roadway in weak rock strata, characterized in that, include The self-moving mechanism (1) includes two identical ring support bodies I (11) and II (12). The ring support body I (11) and II (12) are connected by multiple hydraulic telescopic rods III (13) to adjust the distance between them. The ring support body I (11) is composed of multiple arc-shaped support plates I (11-1). Each arc-shaped support plate I (11-1) is connected by a hydraulic telescopic rod I (11-2). The hydraulic telescopic rods I (11-2) extend and retract together to adjust the size of the outer contour of the ring support body I (11). The circumferential grooving machine (2) includes a support I (21) and cutting arms I (22). The support I (21) is detachably connected to the arc-shaped support plate I (11-1) at the bottom of the annular support body I (11). The three cutting arms I (22) are rotatably connected to the support I (21). Cutting teeth I (23) are provided on the top of the cutting arms I (22). The cutting arms I (22) perform annular grooving on the roadway wall through the cutting teeth I (23) driven by a motor. The longitudinal grooving machine (3) includes a support II (31) and a cutting arm II (32). The support II (31) is detachably connected to the arc-shaped support plate II (12-1) at the bottom of the annular support body II (12). Multiple cutting arms II (32) are rotatably connected to the support II (31). The cutting arm II (32) is provided with cutting teeth II (33) at the top. The cutting arm II (32) performs longitudinal grooving on the roadway wall along the roadway excavation direction under the drive of the hydraulic telescopic rod III (13). The self-moving mechanism (1) drives the circumferential grooving machine (2) and the longitudinal grooving machine (3) to cut a trough network on the roadway wall consisting of multiple circumferential and longitudinal grooves; in the roadway section formed by the trough network, a ring of concrete lining plates (4) is installed circumferentially along the roadway wall, and grout is injected into the trough network to form a support shell composed of the concrete lining plates (4) and the grout.

2. The support device for reinforced and constrained surrounding rock in weak rock strata roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the outer contour of the annular support body I (11) increases, the hydraulic telescopic rods I (11-2) at both ends of the arc-shaped support plate I (11-1) at the bottom extend in a mirror direction, and the arc-shaped support plate I (11-1) on both sides also extend in a mirror direction.

3. The support device for reinforced and constrained surrounding rock in roadways with weak rock strata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting arm I (22) and the cutting arm II (32) are hydraulic telescopic rod structures.

4. The support device for reinforced and constrained surrounding rock in roadways with weak rock strata according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cutting teeth I (23) and II (33) are gear-type and are driven by a motor to rotate.

5. A method for reinforcing and constraining the surrounding rock of a roadway in weak rock strata, based on the reinforcing and constraining structure support device for roadways in weak rock strata as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: After the tunnel has been excavated for a certain distance, the support device performs the cutting operation behind the tunnel boring machine; Step S2: The hydraulic telescopic rods I (11-2) on the arc-shaped support body I (11) at the front end of the self-moving mechanism (1) extend together. Except for the arc-shaped support plate I (11-1) at the bottom, the other arc-shaped support plates I (11-1) move outward and upward to contact the roadway wall and provide temporary support for the roadway. The hydraulic telescopic rod II (12-2) on the annular support body II (12) at the rear end is in the retracted state, and the arc-shaped support plate II (12-1) on the annular support body II (12) does not contact the roadway wall. Step S3: The circumferential grooving machine (2) on the front-end annular support body I (11) works, the three cutting arms I (22) extend together, and the cutting teeth I (23) are driven to rotate by the motor; the three cutting arms I (22) rotate under the drive of the motor, and the cutting teeth I (23) cut an annular groove of a certain depth on the tunnel wall. Step S4: While the circumferential grooving machine (2) is working, the cutting arm II (32) of the longitudinal grooving machine (3) located on the annular support body II (12) at the rear end extends at the same time, and the cutting tooth II (33) rotates under the drive of the motor and contacts the tunnel wall; the hydraulic telescopic rod III (13) retracts, driving the annular support body II (12) at the rear end to move closer to the annular support body I (11) at the front end, and the cutting tooth II (33) performs longitudinal grooving on the tunnel wall under the drive of the hydraulic telescopic rod III (13); Step S5: When the rear annular support II (12) approaches the minimum distance from the front annular support I (11), the hydraulic telescopic rod II (12-2) on it extends, and the arc-shaped support plate II (12-1) moves outward and upward, squeezing the roadway wall and providing temporary support for the roadway; the front arc-shaped support plate I (11-1) retracts, and at the same time, the cutting tooth I (23) disengages from the roadway wall; thus, the self-moving mechanism (1) moves forward one step. Step S6: The hydraulic telescopic rod III (13) extends forward, driving the annular support I (11) at the front end to move forward to the maximum distance and then stop. The self-moving mechanism (1) moves forward one step. Step S7: Repeat steps S2-S6. The self-moving mechanism (1) drives the circumferential grooving machine (2) and the longitudinal grooving machine (3) to cut a grooving network composed of multiple circumferential grooves and multiple longitudinal grooves on the roadway wall. Step S8: In the tunnel section formed by the trough network, a ring of concrete lining plates (4) is installed circumferentially along the tunnel wall, and then multiple rings of concrete lining plates (4) are installed longitudinally; the circumferential and longitudinal concrete lining plates (4) are fixed by bolts; a pipe-like support structure is formed in the tunnel section formed by the trough network. Step S9: Seal both ends of the pipe-shaped support structure and inject grout into the trough network. After the grout solidifies, a support shell composed of concrete lining pieces (4) and grouting body is formed. After the tunnel excavation is completed, a soft surrounding rock support structure composed of the support shell is established in the entire tunnel.

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