System and Methods for Model-Agnostic Autonomous Robot Governance Infrastructure Comprising Synchronized Multi-Modal Data Collection with Physics Validation and Calibration Certification, Canonical Action Governance Protocol with Multi-Outcome Authorization Arbiter and Standards-Linked Evidence Packages, Change-Budget Certificate Lifecycle Management, Hierarchical Preference Graph Compilation, and Golden Set Safety Testing Framework with Adversarial Scenario Generation, Deterministic Replay and Continuous Regression Monitoring